Task #4 CD Track Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they cast doubt on the points made in the reading... Task #5 CD Track #8 Prompt Summarize the points made
Trang 1After listening to the lecture, read the prompt
TASK: You have 20 minutes to write your response
Directions: Read the following passage You have 3 minutes
Now listen to a lecture on the same topic
Organic food is very trendy these days Everywhere you go, people are jumping on the organic bandwagon I used to be organic I did But I kicked the habit Believe me, I’d bought all the arguments, like the one that says that organic food is priced the same as non organic Right Let me give you
an example of just how wrong that argument is At my local grocery store,
a small box of organic strawberries costs four dollars Four dollars for
maybe twelve strawberries! I can buy twice that many non organic
strawberries for half that price The fact is organic fruits and vegetables are
a good forty to fifty percent more expensive than non organic Imagine
trying to feed a family of four at those prices You’d have to take out a bank loan every time you went shopping
Another thing about organic is that it’s not always easy to get At my local grocery store, I can buy organic fruit and vegetables no problem, but not organic rice or grains like barley and wheat If I want organic rice, I
have to drive ten miles across town through heavy traffic to a health food store that doesn’t take credit cards Then I have drive all the way back
home All that for five pounds of rice Believe me, it’s easier just to grab a bag of good old non organic rice at my local grocery store
And what about taste? Does my family even know the difference
between organic and non organic? No A good example is organic milk I
used to buy it all the time but I stopped because it was more expensive
than non organic Did my husband and kids miss the organic milk? Did they suddenly notice a taste change from organic to non organic milk? Not at all Food for thought next time you wander through the organic section of your local grocery store
Task #4
CD Track
Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they cast doubt on the points made in the reading
Trang 2After listening to the lecture, read the prompt
TASK: You have 20 minutes to write your response
Directions: Read the following passage You have 3 minutes
Now listen to a lecture on the same topic
Let me cut to the chase We need to fund a new era in space
exploration for the benefit of science and for all mankind
For starters, history has shown that there is no better way to develop new technology than by exploring space All you need to do is look around
to realize the benefits that have come from exploring space: TV satellite
dishes, medical imaging, edible toothpaste, smoke detectors, ski boots,
invisible braces and joystick controllers And that’s just the start That
computer you are using? Why is it so small? Because in the early days of space exploration, miniaturization was priority number one Smaller meant less weight which meant less fuel needed to launch rockets into space As you can see, space exploration has inspired great minds to develop new
ideas not only for space but for the benefit of all mankind
Another benefit would be the boom in space travel With the space
shuttle making regular flights into earth orbit, there’s no reason why private companies can’t do the same Yes, it’s expensive now but in the near
future, with more companies coming online, costs will come down
substantially Imagine vacationing on the moon You could visit all the
original Apollo landing sites and watch earth rise and earth set
Honeymooners will love it
The most pressing reason for why we should explore space is to
discover who is really out there If you are like me, you have no doubt that life exists on other planets The only question is on which planets A space program dedicated to searching out new life forms would go a long way in solving the mystery Think of the benefits of encountering a new species of being We would benefit from their science and, more importantly, finally prove that we are not alone after all
Task #5
CD Track
#8
Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they cast doubt on the points made in the reading
Trang 3After listening to the lecture, read the prompt
TASK: You have 20 minutes to write your response
On test day, expect to write an argument counter-argument essay However, you must be prepared to write a show-support integrated essay A show-support
integrated essay is a fact-based argument Look at the following show-support prompt
For this task, you must:
Understanding the testing method ETS uses for this task is the first step in writing
a coherent, show-support integrated essay Start by reading the passage on the next page You have 3 minutes
Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show
how they add to and support the information in the reading
Show-Support Essay
ETS’s Testing Method
Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they cast doubt on the points made in the reading
Trang 4Notice how the reading is a general introduction to animal behavior Note also that
there is no opinion; however, there is a premise in the first (topic) sentence:
“Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of day an animal is active.”
The premise is a general fact It is also the main topic of the reading
Now read as you listen to a lecture on the same topic As you read listen, look for supporting illustrations (3TiC)
Good afternoon In this lecture, we’ll focus on a common nocturnal animal, the bat There are two types of bat: micro bats, or true bats, and mega bats, also called fruit bats Let’s start with mega bats Size wise, mega bats are from two to sixteen inches in length Mega bats have extremely sensitive sight and smell This helps them locate the flowers and fruit upon which they feed It is while eating that mega bats play a important role in the distribution of plants Like bees, mega bats serve as pollinators When they lick nectar or eat flowers, their bodies become covered in pollen which they, in turn, carry
to other trees and plants thereby acting as pollinators In fact, many of the fruits and vegetables on our tables, such as
bananas and peaches, would not be there if mega bats did not pollinate plants and trees
(continued on the next page)
Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of day
an animal is active Animals, such as horses, elephants and most birds, are said to be diurnal because they are active during the day and rest at night Humans by far are the largest segment of this group The majority of us work during the day and sleep at night Those animals that are active at dawn and dusk are said to be crepuscular Beetles, skunks and rabbits fall into this category The third group are those animals that sleep during the day and are active at night They are called nocturnal A good example is the bat Bats have highly developed eyesight and hearing, and an excellent sense of smell This helps them avoid predators and locate food Being nocturnal also helps them avoid high temperatures during the day, especially in deserts where temperatures can reach well over one hundred degrees Also, because it is cooler at night, bats and other nocturnal animals use less energy This, in turn, means they retain more body water essential for survival
CD
Track
#9
Trang 5In the lecture, two examples of a nocturnal animal are developed: mega bats and micro bats These examples “add to and support” (develop) the premise in the
reading: “Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of day an animal is
active.”
Mapped out, you can see how the reading and the lecture are organized Notice that the premise in the sample reading introduces a general description of animal classification
G = premise = general
TiC = example = specific
TiC = example = specific add to + support
C = conclusion = general
Are there always two lecture examples (2TiC) to add and support the reading?
No Sometimes there is one well-developed example (1TiC) Sometimes there
are two examples (2TiC) Sometimes there are three (3TiC) Be prepared for three examples
The lecture examples (specific) always “add to and support” the reading (general)
add to + support
Next are micro bats As the name implies, micro bats are quite small, about the size of a mouse To find food, micro bats use echolocation, high frequency sounds they bounce off insects The most common micro bat is the vesper or evening bat Like mega bats, micro bats play an important role in the
environment The average vesper bat, for example, can eat one thousand mosquitoes in one night By doing so, they control the mosquito population
reading
lecture
general = reading specific = lecture
Q
A
Remember!
Trang 6When writing a show-support integrated essay, use G+3TiC=C and the six steps to demonstrate OPDUL=C in your essay
Because the reading is a general description of the main topic, summarize it first Because the lecture will “add to and support” the reading with specific examples,
use transitions of addition in the lecture
You will have 3 minutes to read the passage Read it twice Read first for a general understanding The second time look for signal words that identify the premise Remember: The premise is the main topic
definition…define…classify…classification…process…historical figure…historical moment…idea…concept…theory…design…
These signal words will identify the premise, a topic TOEFL will teach you about
Reading
G
Lecture
Ti First
C
Ti Next
C
Ti Also
C
C
Show Support: Step-by-Step
Make a G+3TiC=C note map; include transitions of addition
Step #1
Read the Passage
Trang 7TOEFL realizes that you have probably never heard about the reading topic in English before Therefore, TOEFL will teach you about it TOEFL teaches you by giving you a premise (main topic) followed by a general description of the premise
In other words, the reading is both a teaching and a testing tool To teach you, TOEFL will define the premise using a definition or a description of a person, place
or thing The premise might also be defined by a process, a concept, a natural phenomena, a social or psychological theory, or an historical moment or person The premise might also be a classification, as is the sample below
the topic (first) sentence
Read the sample passage Notice how the premise is stated in the first sentence and is identified by the signal words “can be classified”
As you read the passage, summarize it under Reading on your note map To
summarize means to identify and generally describe the main points In the
reading, the main points are the premise and a general description of the premise
Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of
day an animal is active Animals, such as horses, elephants and most birds, are said to be diurnal because they are active during the day and rest at night Humans by far are the largest segment of this group The majority of us work during the day and sleep at night Those animals that are active at dawn and dusk are said to be crepuscular Beetles, skunks and rabbits fall into this category The third group are those animals that sleep during the day and are active at night They are called nocturnal A good example is the bat Bats have highly developed eyesight and hearing, and an excellent sense of smell This helps them avoid predators and locate food Being nocturnal also helps them avoid high temperatures during the day, especially in deserts where temperatures can reach well over one hundred degrees Also, because it is cooler at night, bats and other nocturnal animals use less energy This, in turn, means they retain more body water essential for survival
TOEFL as Teacher
Remember!
Trang 8The reading passage will contain a lot of information Most of it is
distractor (details that are not important in your summary) Your job
is to identify and summarize the premise Do not summarize every sentence You will waste time You only have 20 minutes
When the reading time is up, the passage will leave your screen It will be replaced
by the lecture The lecture will be 2-3 minutes long As you listen to the sample lecture (CD Track #9), look at the lecture notes below Note the how each example
of a bat is developed Note also the cause-and-effect relationship in the concluding
sentence of each body paragraph (C) Note also how the conclusion (C) restates the
task described in the prompt (see the prompt on the next page)
Reading
G reading classifies animal behavior according to time of day
day is diurnal – eat during day, sleep at night, humans horses, elephants
twilight is crepuscular – active dawn and dusk, beetles, rabbits, skunks
night is nocturnal – sleep during day, active at night
Lecture
Ti First mega bats, 2 - 16 inches good eyesight and smell, helps bat find food food is flowers and fruit
C like bees mega bats pollinate plants/trees peaches,
bananas = good for environment
Ti Next micro bats, very small size of mouse use echolocation to find food (insects)
C micro bats eat 1,000 mosquitoes a night = good for
controlling mosquitoes
C These examples add to and support the reading
Listen to the lecture
Step #2
Trang 9When the lecture ends, the reading passage will return to your computer screen The prompt will also appear
When writing a first draft, summarize the reading first, then the lecture By doing
so, you are using block style as a method of organization
How long should my show-support integrated essay be?
ETS says: “An effective [integrated essay] would be 150-225 words.”
How many words is the show-support essay above?
The reading classifies animal behavior three ways: diurnal, crepuscular and nocturnal Diurnal animals are active during the day and sleep at night Crepuscular animals are active at dawn and dusk Nocturnal animals hunt at night and rest during the day An example of a nocturnal animal is the bat The lecture develops the example of the bat First, there are mega bats or fruit bats They live in Africa, Asia and Oceania and eat fruit and flowers which they locate by smell and with their excellent eyesight As they eat, seeds from the fruit fall to the forest floor and new trees grow This is good for the
environment because new trees replace the old ones Mega bats also pollinate When they eat a flower, their bodies get covered with pollen which they carry to other flowers The lecture says without mega bats pollinating, we would have no peaches or bananas
Next the lecture talks about micro bats or small bats Micro bats use echolocation to find insects to eat Like mega bats, micro bats are also good for the environment In one night, a micro bat called the vesper bat can eat approximately 1,000 mosquitoes By doing so, they control the mosquito population These examples add to and support the reading
Read the prompt; write a first draft
Step #3
Q
A
Q
A
reading
lecture
Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show
how they add to and support the information in the reading
Trang 10Does this essay demonstrate organization?
This essay has a premise, a body and a conclusion This demonstrates block-style organization Yes √ No _
Does this essay demonstrate progression?
The writer develops the premised followed by supporting illustrations
in the body After the body, there is a conclusion stating how the main points in the lecture “add to and support the reading.” This demonstrates progression (general-specific) Yes √ No _
a Does the introduction demonstrate development-summarization?
The writer identifies and summarizes the premise in the reading with no points left out This demonstrates introduction development-
summarization Yes √ No _
b Does the body demonstrate development-summarization?
The writer identifies and summarizes the supporting illustrations in the lecture with no points left out This demonstrates body development- summarization
Yes √ No _
c Does the conclusion demonstrate development-summarization?
The conclusion states how the main points in the lecture add to and support the general topic in the reading This demonstrates conclusion development-summarization Yes √ No _
The writer focuses on how animals are classified by behavior with no
topical digressions This demonstrates topical unity-synthesis
Yes √ No _
b Does this essay demonstrate grammatical unity-synthesis?
There are no mistakes in syntax The transitions are correct These
elements combined demonstrate grammatical unity-synthesis Yes √ No _
There are no mistakes in word choice or spelling The writer paraphrases the reading and the lecture This demonstrates proficient language use- paraphrasing Yes √ No _
Because of Organization, Progression, Development-summarization, Unity-synthesis and Language Use-paraphrasing, this essay proficiently
demonstrates how the main points in the lecture “add to and support the reading.” This demonstrates coherence (OPDUL=C) Yes √ No _
Step #4
O
P
D
U
L
C