Tài liệu Delta''''s key to the toefl test part 4 pdf

There are 50 questions in the Listening Comprehension section of the paper test.. There are three parts in the Listening section of the paper test: Part A—Short Conversations 30 question

DIAGNOSTIC—STRUCTURE eeeeeeee@e

9 The cougar is one of the New World's largest cats, second not only to the jaguar

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10 The training manager must estimate the expenses for the program, including costs for its develop,

delivery, and evaluation

11 Evaporation is the process that a liquid turns into a vapor at a temperature below its boiling point

B

12 In paintings of cut flowers, the artist has in most cases devoted just as much care to the vase than to

the blooms, and sometimes the vase is the most effective part of the picture

D

13 Many machines use the centrifugal force generated by a sudden movement to activating catches

and ratchets

14 While the bear”s vision is poor, their sense of smell is keen, enabling the remarkable bruin to smell

food as far away as a mile

D

15 Ifa stone thrown into a pond, the ripples will spread out from the point where the stone hits the water

This is the end of Section 2

READING

Time—17 minutes (including the reading of the directions)

Now set your clock for 17 minutes

Directions: In the Reading section of the test, you will read several passages Each one is followed by a

number of questions about it For questions 1-15 below, you are to choose the one best answer, CA), CB),

C€3, or CD, to each question

Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that

passage

Read the following passage:

The coffees of Central America profit from the area's steady climate and wealth of mountains The mountains of the Pacific Cordillera, which stretch in a virtually unbroken

line from Guatemala to the middle of Panama, provide the best combination of climate,

altitude, and soil

5 Guatemala was a relative latecomer to the commercial coffee business, exporting

beans only since 1875 This mountainous country is ideally suited for coffee production,

and its exports now surpass those of much larger countries European merchants still take

about 50 percent of the Guatemalan beans, with most of the best beans today being

exported to England

Example I

It can be inferred from the passage that coffee grows well Sample Answer

in mountainous regions

Cc) in small countries

CD near the Pacific Ocean

The passage implies that the mountainous regions of Central America are ideally suited for coffee

production The other answer choices cannot be inferred from the information given Therefore, you

should choose CB)

Example IT

Sample Answer

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The word “surpass” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

CA) include

surround

Ce) exceed

©) limit

The word surpass in this passage means exceed Therefore, you should choose Ce)

Now begin work on the questions

QUESTIONS 1—7

1

DIAGNOSTIC—READING

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An increasing percentage of newcomers to the U S workforce comes from populations that have been underserved in the past because of racial, ethnic, gender, or

cultural differences Social trends indicate that today’s minority groups are more likely

than those of previous generations to celebrate their own uniqueness and to demand respect

5 and equal treatment from mainstream institutions

Organizations must manage and train this increasingly diverse workforce Good management depends on working effectively with other people by understanding and

appreciating differences in values and perspectives Individuals who can function in

diverse situations tend to develop cross—cultural communication skills and stronger

10 leadership abilities

The primary goal of all training and development programs is to provide workers at all levels of an organization with the knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform their jobs

and help the organization meet its business goals Thus, for most organizations, the

decision to provide diversity training is a business rather than a moral decision Effective

15 diversity training targets not only individuals but also the core values, traditions, structure,

and culture of an organization Diversity programs strive to identify and eliminate barriers

that prevent individuals and the organization from achieving their goals

Race, ethnicity, and gender problems in the workplace are increasingly viewed by management as a significant barrier to productivity Organizations that do not respond to

20 diversity experience lawsuits, high turnover, low morale and productivity, loss of talent to

competitors, additional recruitment and training costs, and negative publicity

With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?

CA) Diversity in the U S workforce

Responding to diversity in the workplace

Cc) Demands of minority groups in the workplace

(@) Techniques of good management

The word “those” in line 4 refers to

CA) cultural differences

CB) social trends

Cc) minority groups

() mainstream institutions

What does the author mean by the statement in line 13-14, “ for most organizations, the decision to

provide diversity training is a business rather than a moral decision’?

CA) Diversity training is profitable for organizations

Effective workers are trained in an organization's core values

Cc) The culture of some organizations is immoral

(©) Diversity training is a growing business

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4 The word “targets” in line 15 is closest in meaning to

CA) alters

aims at

Ce) objects to

Cd) consists of

5 The word “barrier” in lines 16 and 19 is closest in meaning to

CA) tradition

idea

solution

©) obstruction

6 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of disregarding diversity?

CA) Low productivity

CB) Lawsuits

Cc) Violence

Cp) Additional costs

7 With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?

Diversity training does not have to be costly to an organization

Members of minority groups should be trained in good management

Communication skills should be the main goal of diversity programs

(D> Managing diversity benefits both individuals and organizations

DIAGNOSTIC—READING

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QUESTIONS 8-15

Safe within the embrace of the bark is the tree's circulatory system: two cellular pipelines that transport water, mineral nutrients, and other organic substances to all living

tissues of the tree One pipeline, called the phloem—or inner bark—carries the downward

flow of foodstuffs from the leaves to the branches, trunk, and roots The other, called the

5 xylem——or sapwood—carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the leaves Between

these two pipelines is the vascular cambium, a single-cell layer too thin to be seen by the

naked eye This is the tree's major growth organ, responsible for the outward widening of

the trunk, branches, twigs, and roots During each growing season, the vascular cambium

produces new phloem cells on its outer surface and new xylem cells on its inner surface

10 Within the plump, elongated xylem cells, water molecules adhere to each other and

are pulled upward through the trunk and into the branches and leaves by capillary action

Water molecules, drawn into the tree through tiny root tips, bring life-sustaining hydrogen

and oxygen into the tree and also carry chemical nutrients from the soil Exactly how a tree

manages to lift gallons of water hundreds of feet into the air against the pull of gravity is a

15 _ feat of hydraulics that has puzzled naturalists and engineers for centuries and is still not

understood completely by today's scientists

Late in the growing season, xylem cells diminish in size and develop thicker skins, but they retain their capacity to carry water Over time the innermost xylem cells become

clogged with hard or gummy waste products and can no longer transport fluids A similar

20 situation occurs in the clogging of arteries in an aging human body When they cease to

function as living sapwood, the dead xylem cells become part of the central column of

heartwood, the supportive structure of the tree

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8 What is the main purpose of the passage?

CA) To explain how a tree's circulatory system works

To describe the annual growth of a tree's living tissues

Cc) To compare the downward and upward flow of water in a tree

©) To identify the structural components of a tree

9 Which of the following sentences should NOT be included in a summary of the passage?

A tree's inner bark conducts the downward flow of nutrients

The phloem, xylem, and vascular cambium make up a tree's circulatory system

Ce) The vascular cambium produces xylem and phloem ceils

CD) The outer bark of a tree shows the annual production of phloem

10 The word “This” in line 7 refers to

CA) xylem

CB) sapwood

Cc) vascular cambium

Cp) naked eye

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11 The phrase “adhere to” in line 10 is closest in meaning to

CA) respond to

cling to

Cc) stimulate

Cb) control

12 It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that

CA) most of a tree is composed of xylem cells

some properties of trees remain a mystery

Cc) a branch of engineering is devoted to studying trees

CD rainwater enters a tree through its leaves

13 All of the following are functions of the xylem EXCEPT

CA) carrying food from the leaves to the trunk

carrying chemical nutrients from the soil

Cc) forming part of the tree's structural support

(©) lifting water upward through the tree

14 Where in the passage does the author compare a tree to another organism?

Lines 1-3

Lines 7-9

Lines 10-11

Cp) Lines 19-20

15 The following sentence can be added to paragraph 3

However, since the vascular cambium manufactures healthy new xylem cells each

year, the death of the old cells does not mean the death of the tree

Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose A, G, G, or B

Late in the growing season, xylem cells diminish in size and develop thicker skins,

but they retain their capacity to carry water ZN Over time the innermost xylem cells

become clogged with hard or gummy waste products and can no longer transport fluids

EE] A similar situation occurs in the clogging of arteries in an aging human body

When they cease to function as living sapwood, the dead xylem cells become part of the

central column of heartwood, the supportive structure of the tree DỊ

This is the end of the Quick Diagnostic Test

Answers to the Quick Diagnostic Test are on page 627

TOEFL score conversion tables are on page 14

SECTION 1 — LISTENING

The Listening Comprehension section of the TOEFL measures your ability to understand conversations and

talks in English as it is spoken in North America You will be tested on your comprehension of vocabulary,

idioms, and spoken structures, as well as your overall understanding of the meaning and purpose of the

conversations and talks

Many of the topics covered are informal and conversational A variety of academic topics are also

included You do not need special knowledge of the topics to answer the questions correctly All

questions are based on what is stated or implied by the speakers

You will hear each conversation and talk only once You will not be allowed to take notes during

this section

ONINALSIT

The paper-based TOEFL will continue to be administered in certain parts of the world and by certain

educational institutions in North America

There are 50 questions in the Listening Comprehension section of the paper test

You have approximately 35 minutes to complete this section This time includes your reading of the

directions for each part

There are three parts in the Listening section of the paper test:

Part A—Short Conversations (30 questions)

You will hear several short conversations between two speakers For each conversation, you will answer

one question

Part B—Longer Conversations (7-8 questions)

You will hear two longer conversations between two speakers For each conversation, you will answer

three or four questions

Part C—Talks (12-13 questions)

You will hear three short talks or lectures, each given by a single speaker For each talk or lecture, you

will answer three to five questions

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THE COMPUTER-BASED TEST

You will use headphones to listen to several conversations and talks While you are listening, pictures of the

speakers or other information will be presented on your computer screen

The Listening section of the computerized TOEFL is computer—adaptive This means that the computer will

give you test questions that are aimed at your ability level

How does the computer—adaptive test work? The first question will be of average difficulty

“~« If you answer it correctly, the computer will then give you a slightly harder question

If you answer it incorrectly, the computer will then give you an easier question

The second question will match your performance on the first question In other words, the computer adapts

than others

You have approximately 40 to 60 minutes to complete this section This time does not include the time it

takes to listen to the conversations and talks

There are two parts in the Listening section of the computer test:

Part A — Short Conversations (11-17 questions)

You will hear several short conversations between two speakers For each conversation, you will answer

one question

Part B — Longer Conversations and Talks (19-33 questions)

You will hear several longer conversations and talks with two or more speakers For each conversation or

talk, you will answer two to six questions

LISTENING SKILLS ON THE TEST

Fifteen different skills are tested in the Listening Comprehension section of the TOEFL The approximate

distribution of questions by skill is shown below

LISTENING SKILL APPROXIMATE NUMBER

Paper Test Computer Test

Listening for Conditionals, Causatives, and Modals 2-3 1-2

30 DELTA'e Key To THE TOEFL® Test

C = ¬

Part B/C

1.10

1.11

1.12

1.13

1.14

1.15

LISTENING

OVERVIEW OF THIS SECTION

SKILL PAGE

Short Conversations 2.0.0 0 eee eee eee 32 Listening for Key Words 0.0.0.0 ccc cee cece ee eee eee 36

Listening for lđioms cece eee tees 41

Quiz {—1.1 through 1.2 co ce tenes 49

Listening for Conditionals, Causatives, and Modals 51

Listening for Negative ExpTressions 56

Listening for Từne, Quantify, and Comparisons 61

Understanding Infonation cuc 66

Quiz 2—1.3 through l.6 V 70

Listening for Implications by the Speakers 72

Making Inferences about People co T7

Making Inferences about Context 81

Quiz 3——1.7 through 1.9.0 cette 84

Quiz 4—I.1 through l.9 0 cece eee tenes §6

Longer Conversafions and Talks 88

Tdentifying the Topic and Main ldeas cu 98

Comprehending Delails QQQ n nee 101

Quiz S—1.10 fhrough 1.11 107

Matching Words and Categories 109

Sequencing Evenfs in a Process 112

Quiz 6— 1.10 through Í.I3 QQQ Q 115

Determining Reasons cuc co 117

Making Inferences and Predicions co 121

Quiz 8—1.10 through l.lŠ 127

Listening Comprehension Review Test 130

De.ta’s KEY To THE TOEFL® Tesr 31

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The Listening section of both the paper-based and computer-based test includes several short conversations

between two people Each conversation is followed by one question about it

QUESTIONS ON THE PAPER TEST

Tn all of the short conversations on the paper—based test, each person speaks only once Usually, the ques-

tions are about what the second speaker says

Multiple-Choice Questions

On the paper test, all of the questions in Part A are multiple choice After each conversation, you will hear a

question and choose the one best answer of four possible choices, (A), (B), (C), or (D) Then, on your

answer sheet, you will find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of

the answer you have chosen

The conversations and questions will be presented only once This means you must answer all questions as

you go You have twelve seconds to read the four answer choices and answer each question

You will hear a recording of a conversation like this one:

(Woman) Didn’t you hear me say your parents were coming over tonight?

(Man) No, I must have been in a fog

(Narrator) What does the man mean?

In your book, you will read:

(A) He knew his parents were coming over

(B) He has been outdoors in the fog

(C) He hadn’t noticed what the woman said

(D) He must have been in another room

You learn from the conversation that the man must have been in a fog In fog, you cannot see and may feel

confused The man means he was not aware of what the woman had said about his parents coming over

Therefore, the best answer to the question, What does the man mean? is (C), He hadnt noticed what the

woman said

QUESTIONS ON THE COMPUTER TEST

In most of the conversations on the computer-based test, each person speaks only once, but in some of the

conversations, one or both people speak more than once

Multiple-Choice Questions

On the computer test, all of the questions in Part A are multiple choice You will use the mouse to click on

the one best answer of four possible choices

The conversations and questions will be presented only once You must answer all questions as you go

You can take as much time as you need to answer each question; however, you should work as quickly as

possible because the entire Listening section is timed The amount of time you have left will appear on the

computer screen The time you spend listening to the conversations and questions is not counted in the

total time

52 Detta’s KEY To THE TOEFL® Test