Financial ratios Tổng hợp công thức tính cách chỉ số tài chính cơ bản

LIQUIDITY RATIOS SHORT-TERM SOLVENCY Working Capital = Current Assets – Current liabilities $  Current ratio= Current Asset Current liabilities Ex: 2.96:1  Quick ratioAcid−test ratio=

LIQUIDITY RATIOS (SHORT-TERM SOLVENCY)

 Working Capital = Current Assets – Current liabilities ($)

 Current ratio= Current Asset

Current liabilities (Ex: 2.96:1)



Quick ratio(Acid−test ratio)=Cash+Short−terminvestment+ Accounts receivable(Net)

Current Liabilities =Current Assets– Inventory – Pre− paid expenses Current Liabilities

(Ex: 2.96:1)

ACTIVITY RATIOS (ASSET MANAGEMENT/ TURNOVER RATIOS)

 Accountsreceivable turnover= Averagenet accounts receivable Net credit sales (Times)

 Receivables period(Debtors ' payment period)= Accounts receivableturnover 365 days (days)

 Accounts payableturnover = Net credit purchase

Averagenet accounts payable (Times)

 Payables period (Creditors ' payment period)= Accounts payable turnover 365 days (days)

 Inventoryturnover (Rate of stock turnover)= Cost of goods sold Averageinventory (Times)

 Days sales∈inventory= 365 days

Inventory turnover (days)

 Operating Cycle = Average Sale Period + Average Collection Period (days)

= Average Payment Period + Cash Cycle (days)

 Total asset turnover= Averagetotal assets Net sales (Times)

FINANCIAL LEVERAGE RATIOS (CAPITAL STRUCTURE/ GEARING/ DEBT RATIO/

LONG-TERM SOLVENCY)

 Debt¿assetsratio= Total debt

Totalassets (%)

 Debt¿equity ratio= Shareholders' equity Totalliabilities (%)

 Equity multiplier= Average shareholders' equity Average totalassets → Equity multiplier1 (%)

 ¿interest earned ratio= Interest expenses EBIT (Times)

 Long−termdebt ratio= Long−termdebt

Long−termdebt +Stockholders ' Equity (%)

PROFITABILITY RATIOS (PERFORMANCE)

 Gross Profit margin= Net sales(Revenue)−Cost of goods sold

Net sales(Revenue) (%)

 Net Profit margin(Returnon Sales)= Net income

Net sales(Revenue) (%)

 Returnon Assets(ROA)= Averagetotal assets Net income (%)

 Returnon Equity (ROE)= Average shareholde rs' equity Net income (%)

 With preferred stock : ROE= Net income−Preferred stock

Average shareholde rs' equity (%)

 Dubont :ROE=Net Profit margin×Total asset turnover × Equity multiplier (%)

 ReturnonCapital Employed (ROCE)= AverageCapital Employed EBIT (%)

MARKET VALUE RATIOS (VALUATION)

 Earnings per share (EPS)= Weighted−average commonsharesoutstanding Netincome ($/share)

 Price−Earnings ratio(PE ratio)= Market price per share Earnings per share (Times)

 Earnings per share=ROE∗Book value per share

 Dividend Yield Ratio= Dividends per share Market price per share (%)

 Dividend Payout(Payout ratio)= Dividends Net income (%)

 Net income = Retained earnings (Ending) – Retained earnings (Beginning) + Dividend

 Market¿Book ratio= Market value(market price ) per share Book value per share

¿(Total)Market value of stock

(Total)Book value of stock (Times)

 EBITDA ratio = Enterprise value / EBITDA (Times)