Mô hình quy hoạch làng nghề truyền thống du lịch vùng đồng bằng sông hồng TT TIENG ANH

This development planning model should preserve the selective values of occupational culture, traditional village heritages and natural environment, and promote them to underpinning elem

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

-

NGUYEN THU HUONG

MODEL OF PLANNING FOR TRADITIONAL CRAFT VILLAGE -

TOURISM IN THE RED RIVER DELTA

Major: Regional and urban planning

Code: 9.58.01.05

SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION

Hanoi - 2021

Completed at Hanoi University of Civil Engineering

Academic advisor: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Hung Cuong

Reviewer 1: Prof Dr Nguyen Quoc Thong

Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Vu Thi Vinh

Reviewer 3: Dr Nguyen Xuan Hinh

The dissertation will be defended in front of the University-level Dissertation Evaluation Council at HUCE

On hour date month 2021

For further information, please visit National Library and Library of NUCE

PREFACE

1 Research rationale

According to 2019 statistical data, there were 1,951 certified craft villages and traditional craft villages nationwide; including 810 in the Red River Delta which are mainly in Ha Noi city or Bac Ninh and Ha Nam provinces Traditional craft villages which were recently restored and developed such as Bat Trang pottery, Van Phuc silk, Phu Vinh bamboo rattan, Nha Xa silk weaving, etc have become unique tourism destinations that attract a large number of foreign tourists Visitors learn about the village culture, enjoy the production experience and have the opportunity to access to unique craft products in their visits to traditional craft villages

According to tourism development organizations, traditional craft villages in the Red River Delta have huge potential for experimental and discovery activities However, up to now, these advantages are exploited spontaneously and generate limited contribution to the tourism and economic development of rural areas in Red River Delta Though being classified as craft villages or traditional craft villages, many are struggling to find the way forward; tourism activities are still underdeveloped and their polluted environment is worsen under the impact of production activities

Craft villages and traditional craft villages are experiencing rapid changes in all aspects, from culture, environment, economic structure to spatial structure [101] during the industrialization and modernization Conflicts emerge in these craft villages and traditional craft villages between conservation and development, economic development and ecological preservation, modern technology acquisition and village value restoration Characteristic traditional cultural values tend to shrink and diminish in the socio-economic activities of rural communities

So far, rural development under the New Rural Development Program has been progressing well with certain successes Rural areas, including the craft villages and traditional craft villages have been improved and cleaner However, the New Rural Development Program at this stage has yet fully changed the rural economic model Rural economy in the Red River Delta remains reliant on small-scale and fragmented agricultural and craft production activities which do not favor the formulation of large production areas It should be noted that the low value of craft production activities is encouraging the loss of interest and moving to urban areas

of local residents who will provide services upon ad hoc requests then Craft villages and traditional craft villages are witnessing the decreasing number of production households and skillful workers, and are at risk of terminating their traditional production activities after the current generation [36]

Meanwhile, there are good international experiences including those in Japan, South Korea and China where traditional craft villages have developed into attractive tourist destinations and become the main revenue of local residents The workers of these traditional craft villages create national typical products or souvenirs thanks to their long experience, skillful and unique techniques Currently, craft villages and traditional craft villages in Red River Delta with their traditional ao dai, hat and ceramics have neither established solid positions in the national tourism system nor made full advantage of their potentials to become attractive tourist destinations

In views of the common rural development and impacts of the globalization, it is necessary to formulate a planning model that harmonizes rural and urban economic development, cultural-environmental value preservation and economic development for craft villages and traditional craft villages This development planning model should preserve the selective values of occupational culture, traditional village heritages and natural environment, and promote them to underpinning elements of unique cultural products for tourism activities which have strong cultural influence to attract domestic and foreign tourists [56]

Therefore, it is critical to study on model of planning for Traditional Craft Village - Tourism in the Red River Delta

2 Research goal and objectives

2.1 Purpose of the study

Proposing the model of planning for traditional craft village - tourism in the Red River Delta that links their occupational values and other traditional cultural heritages with tourism development in an attempt to stabilize the life of rural communities, preserve traditional cultural heritage values and promote the transformation of rural economic development model towards sustainability

2.2 Objectives of the study

The dissertation aims to deliver the following objectives:

Establish principles and viewpoints for a model of planning for traditional craft village - tourism in the Red River Delta;

Develop a set of setup and evaluation criteria as well as operation thresholds for Traditional Craft Village -Tourism development planning model in the Red River Delta;

Propose the planning model for Traditional Craft Village -Tourism development in the Red River Delta, and principles for model application and development in practice

3 Research subject and scope

3.1 Subject

Subject of the study: Planning model for Traditional Craft Village -Tourism

3.2 Scope of the study

Spatial area: Certain groups of traditional craft villages in the Red River Delta Selection criteria: Having the most villages, making the highest export contributions; having long history and associated with rice civilization; potential for tourism development; causing little impact on the environment

According to Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, bamboo and rattan weaving, pottery and embroidery villages currently deliver the largest quantity of products and the highest export values In addition, these village groups were the first formulated in association with agricultural civilization, they offer essential items such as clothes, dishes, fish traps, etc to support human’s living and production activities On the other hand, these village groups have good potentials for developing tourism products of high values Ao dai and traditional hats have been identified as national images and have been included in local tourism programs and routes (e.g Bat Trang, Van Phuc, Phu Vinh, Chu Dau, Van Lam villages) Based on these justifications, the scope of this dissertation document covers the three occupations of bamboo and rattan weaving, pottery, and embroidery - silk weaving

Duration of the study: 2021-2030 with vision to 2050

4 Research methods

This dissertation document applies the following research methods:

- Statistics, data and information collection and consolidation;

- Survey, measuring and photo taking;

- Sociological survey;

- Expert method;

- Data analysis, synthesis, induction and comparison; and

- Forecasting method

5 Contents of the study

The dissertation presents the following key contents:

- Overview of Traditional Craft Village -Tourismdevelopment planning in the Red River Delta and experiences of some countries;

- Analysis of scientific basis for the development of a planning model for Traditional Craft Village -Tourismdevelopment in the Red River Delta;

- Recommendation of planning model for Traditional Craft Village Tourismdevelopment in the Red River Delta

-6 Scientific and practical significance

a Scientific value:

The dissertation has consolidated in a systematic manner the scientific basis for planning model of Traditional Craft Village -Tourism development in the Red River Delta; and developed a scientific and interdisciplinary approach for such model to preserve and exploit potentials of traditional craft villages

It will be the reference document for managers and experts in Traditional Craft Village -Tourism management and development in the Red River Deltal in particular and Vietnam in general, as well as for researches and lectures at higher and post-graduate training institutions in the field of planning in general and Traditional Craft Village planning in particular

b Practical value:

The dissertation proposes the planning model for Traditional Craft Village Tourism development which includes theoretical model, spatial arrangements for tourism development, management model and development policies suitable to socio-economic conditions of the Red River Delta This model contributes to the planning of pottery, bamboo rattan weaving, and embroidery, silk weaving sector development

-It helps to raise the awareness of managers, experts and communities about the role

of Traditional Craft Village -Tourism planning model in the sustainable development of Red River Delta rural areas

Management authorities can develop rural planning standards and regulations from this study’s results, which facilitate the identification of criteria for efficient and sustainable Traditional Craft Village -Tourism planning model

The study proposes tourism products, economic activities, spatial arrangements, connection, management models and policies for Traditional Craft Village -Tourismdevelopment It also proposes principles for applying and developing the model in practice

8 Structure of dissertation

This document is structured into the following parts: Introduction, Main contents, Conclusion and recommendations, References and scientific studies and Appendix;

of which, the content section is divided into three chapters

9 Explanation of concepts and terms

The following definition is generated based on the established concepts of traditional craft village and the current development trend of such village: Traditional Craft Village -Tourismrefers to traditional craft villages that have cultural heritages potential to tourism development, being pursuing the Traditional Craft Village -Tourismmodel to develop both their traditional craft production and tourism activities by preserving and exploiting occupational and other cultural values These two development goals must be set from the beginning and support each other during the craft village development

The "planning model" mentioned in this dissertation is a conceptual model, which

is the initial development framework for processes and actions including viewpoints and principles, evaluation criteria, planning solutions, development management and development policies It is the model of physical and spatial arrangements and activity management This "planning model" can be replicated for further development in the Red River Delta

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF TRADITIONAL CRAFT VILLAGE TOURISM PLANNING IN RED RIVER DELTA AND

-EXPERIENCES IN THE WORLD

1.1 Development of craft villages and traditional craft villages in Red River Delta

1.1.1 Before 1954

The geographical book of "Dai Nam Nhat Thong Chi" (Dai Nam Comprehensive Encyclopaedia) in Nguyen dynasty acknowledged the diversification and abundancy of handicraft products in the Red River Delta: Hanoi province (including Ha Dong and Son Tay provinces) produces silk, cotton, white silk, delicated silk, fine silk with or without flower decoration, brocades, traditional conical hats, liquid fuel, potash, special paper for government’s instructions/awards, papers of all types, bamboo fans, tiles, earth pots, tea, molasses, black sugar, salt, tapioca cookies, flat young rice, young rice with suger, straps for flat palm hats,

white wine

1.1.2 1954 to 1986

After the war, from 1954, traditional craft villages in the Red River Delta were restored and developed to provide diversified goods to meet the demands of local residents Certain occupations shrank and disappeared under the impact of the market; however most of traditional occupations in the Red River Delta remained

and developed

1.1.3 From 1986 to present:

By the end of 2019, there were more than 817,000 craft production and trading entities in Vietnam (including 9,459 enterprises; 3,382 cooperatives; 6,553 cooperative groups and over 797,600 households), an increase of 119,000 entities from 2017 figure when Decree No 52/2018/ND-CP was introduced The current trend of collaboration between different agencies to establish production chains has resulted in the impressive growth in the number of entities (3,459 enterprises, 882 cooperatives and 1,553 cooperative groups)

1.2 Current planning model for Traditional Craft Village Tourismdevelopment in Red River Delta

-1.2.1 Tours to traditional craft villages

Our assessment shows that many organizations and individuals of all levels and sectors are interested in investing, supporting and encouraging the trading of craft villages’ products and province’s special products in the villages

1.2.2 Planning of craft village’ space and technical infrastructure for tourism

development

Commune level: Three basic types are recognized at commune level, including Commune of more than two traditional craft villages (eg Bat Trang, Xuan Lai), Commune of one to two traditional craft villages (eg Phu Lang, Chu Dau, Phu Vinh, Bell, Noi Lang, Tat Vien, Thach Cau, Thuong Kiem, Van Lam, Quat Dong, Nha Xa, Co Chat); and urban development area with craft activities (eg Huong Canh, Van Phuc)

Rural residential area: Basic features such as temple, pagoda, well, village gate, housing, village pond, village well, stone bridge, etc are still visible in the villages though at different levels of conditions Bamboo ramparts almost disappear in the surveyed villages and there is no plan to revive this feature Village gate ranks second in the list of disappearing items; however we recognize the trend of rebuilding them in new or improved architectural style now Community ponds and village wells are also at risk or being abandoned These traditional facilities are found separate or scattered in the rural residential areas

1.2.3 Connection to tourism activities of craft villages

Collaboration between the craft villages and regional, provincial/city tourism agencies has not been efficient Tourism destinations in Red River Delta remain scatter and fail to form attractive tourism routes The huge development gap among tourism-potential craft villages hinders their connectivity and exploitation Riparian tourism has great potential provided that tourism infrastructures and architectural landscape along the river banks are improved or upgraded

1.2.4 Management and development policies

In addition to the regulations on rural craft activities issued by government at central level, Red River Delta authorities have introduced a relatively comprehensive system of regulations to support the economic development activities of craft villages in each province with specific supports in investment, trade promotion, product promotion and village development planning

1.3 Experience in Tourism - Craft Village development planning in the world 1.3.1 Craft village tours

Craft villages develop tourism products under "One Village One Product” movement (OVOP) which was initiated by Morihiko Hiramatsu and applied first in

the case in China

1.3.2 Spatial arrangement in craft villages

Tourism space is established in harmonization with the village’s heritage and

nature landscapes in Japan, Korea and Thailand

1.3.3 Connection for tourism development

Connection for tourism development in craft villages receives much attention in the world Such links are established in different ways, either via applying digital technology or with traditional tourism tours and activities Travelers can find information and register to participate through online registration system

1.3.4 Operation management and development policy

Various policies have been issued to develop tourism in craft villages, such as national laws and craft village development programs

1.4 Overview of related studies

1.4.1 Related dissertations and studies

This document has analyzed different studies, dissertations and articles on traditional craft village development planning issued in and out of Vietnam since

1986 Below is the study that is directly related to this dissertation: "Study to formulate the Tourism - Craft Village and Tourism - Heritage Village models in the Red River Delta for socio-economic and new rural development" (Conducted by: Dr Le Quynh Chi)” This study focused on tourism products However it failed

to present the underpinning theoretical basis for spatial structure and arrangements

of traditional craft villages for tourism development

1.4.2 Scientific articles and seminars

This dissertation has analyzed the following scientific articles and seminars: “Craft villages from urbanization perspective", "common facility arrangements for peri-urban traditional craft villages with tourism activities”, "Architectural spacial design of traditional craft villages in the southern area of Red River Delta” and workshop document "Rural community structure model in agricultural and rural urbanization and modernization” of the Vietnam Association of Architects However, these documents did not propose the planning model for Traditional Craft Village -Tourismdevelopment

1.5 Outstanding issues

1.5.1 Overview

Professional tourism development models have not been in place in craft villages

It is common that tourism is given low priority than craft activities and conflicts occur during the conduction of tourism activities

Tourism activities in craft villages are not comprehensive and concentrate on site visits and purchase of products Experimental cultural activities, etc have not been intergrated in the village activities, therefore have not become the driver for economic development Craft culture and heritages have not been exploited and transformed into arrangements that facilitate attractive tourism products and services Tourism services are weak and not attractive

New Rural Development plans have neither covered tourism development goals nor paid due attention to promote the village’s culture, infrastructure; their spatial arrangements have not helped to identify the villages

No clear orientation is in place on connecting the craft villages to regional programs or to well-established brand names of the locality Regional planning projects have not supported these villages efficiently due to the small size of the villages

In terms of management and policy, community has not played important role and their participation remains limited

1.5.2 Pending issues

- Consolidation of theoretical and practical basis in a systematic manner for the formulation of Traditional Craft Village -Tourismplanning model in the Red River Delta, bearing in mind the sustainable tourism development objective

- Identification of principles and viewpoints for the formulation of Traditional Craft Village -Tourismdevelopment planning model in the Red River Delta;

- Development of a set of setup and evaluation criteria as well as operating thresholds for Traditional Craft Village -Tourismdevelopment planning model in the Red River Delta;

- Recommendation of the planning model for Traditional Craft Village -Tourism development in the Red River Delta The model should take into consideration of all aspects, from economic development to spatial planning and arrangements, creation of tourism products and development management

- Proposing principles for model application and development in practice, with experience of a specific location

CHAPTER 2 SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR THE FORMULATION OF

A PLANNING MODEL TO DEVELOP TOURISM-TRADITIONAL CRAFT VILLAGES IN RED RIVER DELTA

2.1 Theoretical basis

2.1.1 Theoretical basis for formulating a tourism development planning model

a Theoretical basis for formulating the planning model: Model is a set of physical, biological or social arrangements to be imitated It can be replicated Comparison

of development theory and development model: Theory refers to statements and principles to prove axioms or to define ideas Model forms part of the axiom proving process, and exists in the forms of "forms," patterns” Models are also categorized as general or specific models

b Theoretical basis for formulating a planning model for sustainable Traditional Craft Village -Tourismdevelopment: The planning model for sustainable Traditional Craft Village -Tourismdevelopment must ensure the following criteria: Selection of proper construction sites, due diligent examination of natural conditions, formulation of a complete ecological cycle, diverse architecture, rational construction density and meaningful architecture

2.1.2 Basis for developing tourism activities from cultural values

a Sources for tourism development: Exploited and unexploited natural and human resources

b Methods to develop tourism products from cultural values: Tourism products are key to tourism development They are physical and spiritual values that are offered

to visitors To encourage tourism activities in craft village, special attention should

be paid to the development of cultural tourism products

2.1.3 Basis for spatial arrangements and improvements for tourism development in craft villages

a Relation between tourism functioning area in the commune development plan: The commune layout is a tight structure which develops from the traditional village structure Therefore, careful considerations about the relationship between different existing functioning areas should be made when changing or supplementing a functioning area

b Special spatial arrangements for tourism development: Certain set of features can be found in traditional villages; their selective components are closely linked to each other to make the symbol of the village Therefore these set of facilities are considered the symbolic features that represent or remind of village life despite the differences between villages

c Basic requirements of tourism spatial arrangements: Tourism landscape system

is an artificial one which is intertwined with the traditional village landscape system; therefore incompatible relationships and conflicts should be expected in the development process

d Spatial enjoyment: Visitors perceive the tourism products with their senses Their senses provide them with experiences of different aspects and together they bring them the impressions and feelings

2.1.4 Theoretical basis for craft village conservation in tourism development

a Identification of traditional village heritage values

The heritages in the traditional villages are divided into two main groups: recognized and unrecognized heritages The unrecognized heritages include small religious facilities (such as temples, pagodas) and public works (such as stone bridges, village gates, ponds, village wells, etc.) They remain part of the village and hold certain role in modern life

b Village heritage preservation methods: There are different viewpoints on heritage preservation in Vietnam due to the lack of unified knowledge system and verification However, from the above-mentioned statistical data and interpretation, Traditional Craft Village -Tourismdevelopment should meet the demands of preservation, transfer and inheritance of occupation values and traditional values as well as adapt to socio-economic conditions of the locality

2.1.5 Theoretical basis for management models and policies

Craft village development must inform and fit the management systems at district, provincial, regional and national levels It is particular important in the global integration of the economy, including tourism and export sectors

2.1.6 Theoretical basis for regional connection

It is reasonable to link different tourism products to offer tourism services as it expands the market, generates new products and promotes tourism activities in

craft villages

2.2 Practical basis

2.2.1 Overview of the Red River Delta

There are more than 22 million people (as of 2018) in the Red River Delta, accounting for about 22% of the country population The average density is approximately 1,415 people/m2, which is the highest rate in Vietnam