Answer B D "Although courses are not offered for credit, and no exams are required, the classes are taught by highly qualified faculty at the host college." Choice A is not correct be
Trang 1Let me write Elderhostel on the board for you Elderhostel
To date, hundreds of thousands of students from sixty to one hundred years old have partici- pated in Elderhostel Students usually live in dormitories, eat in cafeterias, and attend social, recreational, and cultural functions All services available to students during the academic year are offered to Elderhostel students Registration fees vary from as little as twenty dollars to
as much as three hundred dollars, excluding books and transportation to the campus or commu- nity site For many senior citizens, Elderhostel offers the opportunity for lifelong learning, companionship, and fun
If you know someone sixty years old or older and you think they might enjoy learning, call your local college There is probably an Elderhostel program right in your community
( Now get ready to answer the questions (
Audio
39 What is Elderhostel?
Answer
(C) "One of the most successful educational programs for adults is the Elderhostel " Choice (A)
is not correct because the classes are taught by highly qualified faculty at the host college, not by retired professors Although Elderhostel was originally a summer program, Choice (B) is not correct because it is now offered year round Choice (D) is not correct because Elderhostel is an educational program with travel included, not a travel program
Audio
40 Which of the statements is true of Elderhostel?
Answer
(B) ( D ) "Although courses are not offered for credit, and no exams are required, the classes are taught by highly qualified faculty at the host college." Choice (A) is not correct because the cours-
es are not offered for credit Choice (C) is not correct because Elderhostel is for people over the age
of sixty
Audio
41 Which of the people in the picture would most probably be enrolled in an Elderhostel program?
Answer
(C) "Elderhostel [is] designed for students over the age of sixty." Choice (C) is a person sixty years
or older The other people in the pictures, Choices (A), (B), and (D), are too young to enroll in Elderhostel
Audio
42 What should you do if you are interested in finding out more about Elderhostel?
Answer
(B) " call your local college." Choices (A), (C), and (D) are not mentioned and may not be con- cluded from information in the talk
Trang 2Audio Lecture
Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an earth science class The professor will talk about
pyrite
I will be putting another specimen in the mineral lab for you after today's lecture It is pyrite, also known as iron disulfide, but more commonly called fool's gold
This is a very fine example of pyrite because this particular specimen shows the well-defined cubic or isometric crystal formations quite well There are a lot of flat facets on the face of this pyrite As you can see, the mineral is a brassy yellow with some green and brown streaks run- ning through it, and it has a metallic luster It does, in fact, look a little bit like gold, doesn't it? But really, pyrite and gold have very different scientific properties Pyrite is much harder than gold-about 6 on the Mohs scale As you will recall, gold is quite soft only about 3 on
the Mohs scale And pyrite is much more brittle than gold, too
But what if you are on a dig, and you want to tell the difference? Well, all you have to do is heat your sample Gold will not react at all, but pyrite will smoke and produce an unpleasant odor, a little like sulfuric acid, which is, in fact, made from pyrite And when pyrite is struck with a hammer, it will create sparks Actually, the term pyrite is derived from the Greek word for fire, and there is speculation that mankind may have used pyrite to make the first fires for cooking and heating
Large deposits of pyrite are found throughout the world, in igneous rocks in all lunds of geo- logical environments It is a very common mineral And, yes, the resemblance of pyrite to gold causes prospectors worldwide to mistake fool's gold for real gold
Now get ready to answer the questions
Audio
43 What problem does the lecturer point out?
Answer
( A ) " the resemblance of pyrite to gold causes prospectors worldwide to mistake fool's gold [pyrite] for real gold." Choice (C) is not correct because it is a very common mineral Choice (D) is not correct because the specimen [of pyrite] shows well-defined crystal formations Choice (B)
is true, but it is referred to as an advantageous characteristic, not a problem
Trang 3Audio
44 What will the professor do with the specimen he has brought to class?
Answer
(D) "I will be putting another specimen in the mineral lab for you after today's lecture." Choices (A), (B), and (C) are not mentioned and may not be concluded from information in the lecture
Audio
45 Select the specimen that is most similar to the one that the professor showed in class
Answer
( C ) Choice (C) is the most similar to the specimen that the professor showed in class Choices (A)
and (B) are not minerals
Audio
46 Identify the properties of pyrite
Answer
(B) ( C ) " pyrite is much more brittle than gold and when pyrite is struck with a hammer, it
will create sparks." Choice (A) refers to a property of gold, not to that of pyrite Choice (D) is not correct because pyrite is found in all kinds of geological environments and is considered a very common mineral
Audio
47 What is an easy way to identify pyrite?
Answer
( A ) " all you have to do [to tell the difference between pyrite and gold] is heat your sample." Choic-
es (B) and (D) refer to the smell of sulfuric acid that pyrite produces when heated, but using acid or smelling the sample are not mentioned as tests for pyrite Choice (C) refers to the description of the pyrite specimen that the professor has brought to class However, the fact that so many prospectors worldwide mistake pyrite for gold implies that pyrite cannot be identified by looking at it
Audio Conversation
Narrator: Listen to part of a conversation on campus between two students
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Excuse me Has anyone turned in a calculus book?
I don't think so Where did you leave it?
I'm not sure I was sitting over there by the window, and I think I left it under the table But it isn't there now
When did you lose it? Today?
Yes, just about an hour ago when I was in here for lunch I didn't notice until I got to the library to study for my test
That's too bad Well, listen, sometimes people don't turn in lost items to us There's a lost-and-found in the Student Union by the entrance to the auditorium Maybe some- one found your book and took it there
Maybe
Do you know where the Student Union is?
Yes, I do Thanks a lot for your help
You're welcome Oh, wait Another thing If you don't find it there today, you should probably check again tomorrow Sometimes people get busy, and don't get over there right away to turn something in
Trang 4Man: Good idea Thanks again
Woman: Good luck I hope it's there
Now get ready to answer the questions
Audio
48 What prompted this conversation?
~ n s w e r
(C) Since the man begins the conversation by asking whether anyone has turned in a lost book, it must be concluded that the lost book is the reason for the conversation Choice (A) is true, but it is not the reason for the conversation Choice (B) is not correct because the man knows where the Stu- dent Union is Choice (D) is not mentioned and may not be concluded from information in the con- versation
Audio
49: Where does the man think he left his book?
Answer
( C ) " I think I left it [my book] under the table when I was in here [the cafeteria]." Choice (B) refers to the location of the lost-and-found, not to where the man left his book Choice (D) refers to
where the man noticed that his book was missing Choice (A) is not mentioned and may not be con-
cluded from information in the conversation
Audio
50 What does the woman suggest that the man do?
Answer
(A) ( D ) "There's a lost-and-found in the Student Union If you don't find it there today, you should probably check again tomorrow." Choices (B) and (C) are not mentioned and may not be concluded from information in the conversation
Section 2: Structure
1 (C) Similar is used after the two nouns pro-
toplasm and glue to compare them Choice
(A) is redundant because the pronoun they is
used consecutively after the nouns to which
it refers Choice (B) has the same meaning
as the correct answer, but similar to is used
before, not after, the second noun compared
Choice (D) does not have a verb
2 (D) Oil is a noncount noun because it is a
liquid that can change shape, depending on
the shape of the container
3 (C) Every sentence must have a main verb
Choices (A), (B), and (D) are not main
verbs
4 (D) In order to refer to a gallon of water
being moved to a higher place, raise not rise should be used To raise means to move to a
higher place To rise means to go up without
assistance; to increase
5 (D) Unless introduces a subject and verb
that express a change in conditions Choices (A), (B), and (C) do not have a subject and verb
6 (A) The word order for a passive sentence is
BE followed by a participle Choice (B) is a
participle, but the form of BE is missing Choice (C) is redundant because the pro-
noun it is used consecutively after the sub- ject path Choice (D) is an -ing form, not a
passive
Trang 57 (B) From introduces cause Choices (A),
8 ( A ) Wholly should be As a whole As a
whole means generally Wholly means com-
pletely
9 (A) More than is used before a specific
number to express an estimate "As many as
two hundred" would also be correct
10 (A) There introduces inverted order, but
there must still be agreement between sub-
ject and verb Is should be are to agree with
the plural subject, so many variables
11 (D) No article before a noncount noun or a
plural count noun means all Choice (A)
would be an incomplete sentence because it
is missing a main verb Choices (B) and (C)
contain articles and would change the mean-
ing of the sentence
12 (D) Either an -ing form or an infinitive may
be used as the subject of a sentence Choice
(A) is an infinitive that means to establish,
not to identify Choice (B) is a verb word
Choice (C) is a noun "To f i n d would also
be correct
13 (D) By expresses means before an -ing form
Provide should be providing
14 (D) Had and a participle in the condition re-
quires would have and a participle in the re-
sult Will should be would
15 (D) Besides is used before a noun or an ad-
jective It means in addition to Choices ( A )
and (C) include the word beside, which
means near, not besides In Choice (B), the
word besides is used after, not before, the
noun
16 (D) No is used before a noun phrase like def-
inite shape Not in Choice (A) should be
used before a verb None in Choice (B) and
nothing in Choice (C) are pronouns that are
used instead of the noun phrase
17 (D) To difSer from is a verb that expresses dif-
ference Because Choices (A) and (C) are not
verbs, the sentence would not have a main
verb in it Choice (B) is a verb, but the prepo-
sition from is missing "A dolphin is different
from a porpoise" would also be correct
that describe work and chores Make should
be do before the complement research
19 (B) That most natural time units are not sim-
ple multiples of each other functions as the
noun phrase subject of the main verb is
Choice ( A ) is redundant because the pro-
noun it is used consecutively after the noun
phrase subject In Choice (C), the usual sub- ject-verb-object order of English sentences
is reversed Choice (D) does not include a main verb
20 ( C ) Believe should be belief Believe is a verb Belief is a noun
21 (C) A negative phrase introduces inverted
order Only afrer requires an auxiliary verb,
subject, and main verb In Choices (A) and (D) the subject precedes the auxiliary In Choice (B) there is no subject
22 (D) A present tense verb is used after when
to express future Will limit should be limit
23 ( C ) Because the verb to fail requires an infinitive in the complement, recognizing should be to recognize
24 (A) An introductory phrase should immedi- ately precede the subject noun that it modi- fies It does not have a main verb Choices (B) and (C) contain both subjects and verbs Choice (D) does not modify the subject
noun, Carl Sandburg
25 ( C ) Ideas in a series should be expressed by
parallel structures Writing should be to write
to provide for parallelism with the infinitives
to understand and to read
Section 3: Reading
1 (D) The other choices are secondary ideas that are used to develop the main idea,
"Seismography." Choices (A), (B), and (C) are important to the discussion as they relate
to the Richter scale
2 (B) The Richter scale was developed
"to measure the amplitude of the largest trace " Choices (A) and (D) refer to the placement of the seismograph in order to record the amplitude Choice (C) refers to the numerical reference that estimates the degree of damage
3 (C) In the context of this passage, standard could best be replaced by conventional Choices (A), (B), and (D) are not accepted definitions of the word
4 (A) The "tables have been formulated to demonstrate the magnitude of any earth- quake ." Choice (D) refers to the release of
Trang 6energy, one of the factors that is considered
in formulating the magnitude Choices (B)
and (C) are not mentioned in reference to
the value of the tables
5 (B) " each number on the Richter scale
represents an earthquake ten times as strong
as one of the next lower magnitude."
Choices (A), (C), and (D) are not correct
because each magnitude is ten times
stronger than the previous one
6 "An earthquake that reads 4 to 5.5 would be
expected to cause localized damage, and
those [earthquakes] of magnitude 2 on the
Richter scale may be felt." Other choices
would change the meaning of the sentence
7 (A) Choice (A) is a restatement of the
sentence referred to in the passage Site
means location Choices (B), (C), and (D)
would change the meaning of the original
sentence
8 In the context of this passage, the word
is closest in meaning to m
No other words or phrases in the bold
text are close to the meaning of the word
9 (B) In the context of this passage,
BetZcta is closest in meaning to EWi no
notice Choices (A), (C), and (D) are not ac-
cepted definitions of the word
10 (D) Because the author states that "Earth-
quakes of Mercalli 2 or 3 are basically the
same as those of Richter 3 or 4" and "mea-
surements of I1 or 12 on the Mercalli scale
can be roughly correlated with magnitudes of
8 or 9 on the Richter scale," it must be con-
cluded that the two scales are different but can
be compared Choice (A) is not correct be-
cause two scales of measurement describe
earthquakes in quantitative terms Choice (B)
is not correct because the Richter scale mea-
sures the amplitude of the largest trace, and
the Mercalli scale measures the intensity of
the shaking Choice (C) is not correct because
most earthquakes are so minor that they pass
undetected
11 (C) " the Richter scale, .developed and
introduced by American seismologist
Charles R Richter in 1935." Choices (A)
and (B) are both mentioned in the reference
to the Richter scale Choice (D) refers to the
purpose of the scale, which is "to measure
the amplitude of the largest trace " Choice (C) refers to the Mercalli scale, not to the Richter scale
12 (B) The passage mainly discusses Charles Ives' life, including references to the details referred to in Choices (A), (C), and (D)
13 (B) " the use of dissonance and special ef- fects was just too different for the musical mainstream." Choice (A) is true but is not a reason that the public did not appreciate his music Choice (D) is not correct because he wrote music In Choice (C), although the performers felt his music was unplayable, there is no reference to the fact that they did not play it well
14 In the context of this passage, the phrase
closest in meaning to the word dissonanE
No other words or phrases in the bold
text are close to the meaning of the word
8f7mmmE
15 (D) "Even the few conductors and perform- ers he tried to interest in his compositions felt that they [the compositions] were un- playable." Choices (A), (B), and (C) would change the meaning of the sentence
16 (C) " he became a successful insurance executive ." Choice (A) refers to his fa- ther's profession Choice (B) refers to Hora- tio Parker's profession Although it is true that Ives published his own music as in Choice (D), he did not make a living from it
17 (A) In the context of this passage,
W c ? is closest in meaning to accepted Choices (B), (C), and (D) are not accepted definitions of the word
18 (A) " he published his work privately and distributed it free." Choice (C) refers to the fact that he occasionally hired musicians to play his works, but they were private, not public performances Choices (B) and (D) are not mentioned and may not be concluded from information in the passage
19 (D) Choice (A) refers to the fact that Ives
" quoted, combined, insinuated, and dis- torted familiar hymns, marches, and battle songs " Choice (B) refers to the fact that Ives was " .experimenting with polytonali-
ty .and dissonance " Choice (C) refers to the fact that "the few conductors and per- formers he tried to interest in his composi-
Trang 7tions felt that they were unplayable." Choice
(D) is not correct'because Ives became "fa-
mous" near the end of his life and "received
the Pulitzer Prize."
20 (D) " the greatest music composed by an
American." Choice (A) is not correct be-
cause the reviews were laudatory Choices
(B) and (C) refer to Ives' music prior to the
Concord Sonata performance
21 "John Kirkpatrick played Concord Sonata in
Town Hall One reviewer proclaimed it
[Concord Sonata] 'the greatest music com-
posed by an American.' " Other choices
would change the meaning of the sentence
22 "Instead, he became a successful insurance
executive, building his company into the
largest agency in the country in only two
decades Even during such a busy time in his
career, he still dedicated himself to compos-
ing music in the evenings, on weekends, and
during vacations." The connection between
the two sentences is the reference to "build-
ing his company into the largest agency"
and "such a busy time in his career."
Chronological order requires the second
sentence to follow the first
23 (C) Because the author states that bats are
"not dirty groom themselves care-
fully and help reforest barren land," it
must be concluded that the author views
bats as clean, helpful members of the animal
world Choice (A) is not correct because
bats are not dirty and only rarely carry ra-
bies Choice (B) is not correct because bats
are not the monsters that they are portrayed
in vampire films Choice (D) is not correct
because bats consume pests, pollinate
plants, and reforest land, all of which are
important contributions to the animal world
24 (B) " the majority [of bats] eat fruit, in-
sects, spiders or other small animals."
Choice (A) is not correct because of the fact
that only three species rely on blood meals
Choice (D) is not correct because bats eat
small, not large, animals Choice (C) is not
mentioned and may not be concluded from
information in the passage
25 In the context of this passage, the word
lflI@ is closest in meaning to m No
other words or phrases in the bold text are
close to the meaning of the word en'bni'iVilS
26 (C) "They help reforest barren land by excreting millions of undigested seeds." Choices (A), (B), and (D) all refer to the ac- tivities of bats, but not to how they reforest the land
27 (D) "Of the hundreds of species of bats, only three rely on blood meals." Choice (A) is not correct because bats pollinate many varieties
of plant life Choice (B) is not correct be- cause bats assume specialized roles within their social system Choice (C) is not correct because almost all bats use echolocation
28 (A) In the context of this passage, 3 n i t is closest in meaning to ~ A T I Choices (B), (C), and (D) are not accepted definitions of the word
29 (A) "As these signals bounce off objects in their path, an echo is detected by the bats' sensitive ears [and] they undertake cor- rective or evasive action." Choice (B) refers
to one of the roles of bats within their social system, not to their navigational skills Choice (C) is not correct because the num- ber fifty refers to the number of high- pitched squeaks per minute, not to the num- ber of times bats beat their wings Choice (D) is true, but the specific noises they hear are the echoes referred to in Choice (A)
30 (C) "As these signals bounce off objects in their path, an echo is detected by the bats' sensitive ears that informs them [the bats] of the direction, distance, and nature of obsta- cles " Other choices would change the meaning of the sentence
3 1 "In fact, all species of bats can see, probably about as well as human beings." Quotation from sentence 6, paragraph 2
32 "Within their social systems, bats assume specialized roles Some [bats] may guard the entrance to their caves, others may scout for food, and still others may warn the colony of approaching danger.'' Other choices would change the meaning of the sentence
33 "It is a little known fact that bats are highly social creatures Aggregation during the day may vary from small groups consisting of a single male and a dozen or more females to huge colonies of many thousands or even millions of individuals, hanging upside down in caves or in hollow trees, buildings, and other protected shelters." The connec-
Trang 8tion between the two sentences is the social
nature of bats The first sentence is a general
statement followed by examples in the sec-
ond sentence
34 (B) The passage includes descriptions of
various kinds of population centers Choices
(A) and (D) are two kinds of population cen-
ters described in the passage Choice (C)
refers to the source of the information about
population centers, not to the topic of the
passage
35 (B) " more Americans live in the suburbs
of large metropolitan areas than in the cities
themselves." Choice (A) is not correct be-
cause more Americans live in the suburbs
Choices (C) and (D) are not mentioned and
may not be concluded from information in
the passage
36 In the context of this passage, the word livT
is closest in meaning to miB3 No other
words or phrases in the bold text are close to
the meaning of the word Te3@
37 (A) "The Bureau of the Census regards any
area with more than 2500 people as an urban
area ." Choice (B) refers to an MSA, not to
an urban area The number in Choice (C)
refers to megapolises, not to urban areas
Choice (D) refers to the definition of a
megapolis
38 (A) " the political boundaries are less sig-
nificant than the social and economic rela-
tionships and the transportation and commu-
nication systems " Because the political
boundaries are less significant, it must be
concluded that the factors in Choices (B),
(C), and (D) are more significant
42 " the Bureau reports more than 280 MSAs, which together account for 75 per- cent of the US population." Quotation from sentence 1, paragraph 3 Paragraph 2 defines
an MSA by the number of people living in it
but does not contain any references to the total population living in all MSAs
43 (A) In the context of this passage, the phrase
t i e s 7 K Z t i " c m is closest in meaning to the word adjacent Choices (B), (C), and (D) describe megapolises, but they are not close
in meaning to the word
44 (D) " the Bureau recognizes eighteen megapolises, that is, continuous adjacent metropolitan areas." Choices (A), (B), and (C) are not correct because a megapolis in- cludes more than one adjacent city
45 (A) "One of the most obvious megapolises [is] the Eastern Corridor Another megapolis that is growing rapidly is the California coast " Choice (B) refers to the population of all the MSAs, not to the popu- lation of the Eastern Corridor and the California coast Choice (C) is true, but it is not the reason that the Eastern Corridor and the California coast are mentioned Choice (D) is not mentioned and may not be con- cluded from information in the passage
Writing Section
Question:
Read and think about the following statement: The college years are the best time in a person's life Do you agree or disagree with the state- ment? Give reasons to support your opinion
39 (C) In the context of this passage, ?Rfwa* Outline
is closest in meaning to ufi&' Choices (A), College not best
(B), and (D) are not accepted definitions of Stress
40 In the context of this passage, the word %&"a Competition
is closest in meaning to m No other Dependence
words or phrases in the bold text are close to Family
41 (C) " an MSA is any area that contains a The best is yet to be
city and its [the city's] surrounding suburbs
and has a total population of 50,000 "
Other choices would change the meaning of
the sentence
Trang 9College years not best
Dependence
The best is yet to be
Example Essay
I disagree that the college years are the best
time in a person's life Admittedly, college often
corresponds with a time when people are young,
healthy, and physically strong, and those attributes
are highly regarded in Western cultures; however,
the college years must also be viewed as a
period of high stress and a certain uncomfortable
dependence
Stress converges on college students from
many directions First, there is the pressure to
choose a major field of study and, ultimately, to
select a career, choices that will affect the rest of
their lives These choices often coincide with an- other life choice-the selection of a marriage partner In combination, the stress associated with such important decisions can be very high Second, there is the daily stress from competition
in the classroom, exacerbated by staying up too late studying for tests, preparing papers, and reading assignments It is well documented that college students tend to gain weight and suffer from many stress-related illnesses
In addition to the stressful environment, most college students are not financially independent Many rely on their families for funding, a cir- cumstance that is often uncomfortable for young adults Asking for money usually requires an ex- planation of why it is needed In other words, fi-
nancial dependence for college results in depen- dence in other areas of life at a time when young people are beginning to think for themselves and are old enough to be independent Besides the embarrassment involved in negotiating for ne- cessities, there is often a strict budget For some students, there is also a debt to repay
As a college student myself, I view this time
of life as an opportunity to prepare for the next, and more important, stage of life, when I am in- dependent and productive 1 am eager to begin working and earning my own way I look for- ward to the years after college with the hope that the best is yet to be
Trang 10Listening Section
This is the Listening Section of the Next Generation TOEFL Model Test This section tests your ability
to understand campus conversations and academic lectures During the test, you will respond to two conversations and four lectures You will hear each conversation and lecture one time You may take notes while you listen You may use your notes to answer the questions After each conversation or lec- ture, you will have five or six questions to answer Choose the best answer for multiple-choice ques- tions ~ o l l o w the directions on the page or on the screen for computer-assisted questions Click on OK and Next to go to the next question You cannot return to previous questions You have 25 minutes to an-
swer all of the questions A clock on the screen will show you how much time you have to complete
your answers for the section The clock does not count the time you are listening to the conversations and lectures
Independent Listening 1: "Career Counseling"
Audw Conversation
Narrator: Now get ready to listen to a conversation and take notes about it
Listen to a conversation on campus between two students They are both in their last year of college
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
Man:
Woman:
I wish I were as sure about my future as you seem to be I I really don't know what
I want'to do after I graduate
Well, have you talked with a counselor over at the Office of Career Development?
No I talked to my academic advisor, though
That's good, but it's really better to see someone who specializes in helping people make career decisions You see, an academic advisor is there to help you work out your academic program You know, figure out what your major is going to be and which courses to take and all that But a career counselor has a lot of experience and resources
to help you decide what you want to do in the work world
Did you see a career counselor?
I sure did Last semester I was well, I didn't even know what I would be good at, for a career, I mean So I made an appointment at the Office of Career Development, and I talked with a counselor
Do you remember who it was?
Sure It was Ruth Jackson
Oh, but since I'm interested in careers for math majors, probably I should see someone else
Not really Any of the counselors can help you Look, first I took some aptitude tests and something called a uh I think it was called a career inventory Anyway, I
took several tests, and then the counselor gave me some ideas about different careers I even went to some group sessions with some other students for a few weeks Mrs Jack- son was the group leader, so um that's how I met her, and then I just sort of naturally started making my appointments with her when I needed some advice
It sounds like it took a lot of time I'm so busy already
Well, it did take time Probably three hours for the tests, and I think I went to maybe four group sessions, and then I saw Ruth a couple of times I guess about nine or ten hours probably But it was worth it