3D __ review of tenses: present, past, and future present simple __| She doesn’t smoke.. past continuous | He was working in Pari ___ What were you doing at 7.002 ‘going to + infinit
Trang 13A going to
P'm going to work in a restaurant
She’s going to meet me at the airport
‘We aren't going to stay very long,
| He isn't going to like the weather there _|
‘Are you going to find a job?
When is your brother going to visit you?
*+ Use (be) going to + infinitive to talk about future plans
and predictions
Tn going to work in the UK for six weeks, (plan)
I think it's going to rain this afternoon (prediction) + When you use going to go, you can omit f0 go
Tìm going to go to university next year
or I'm going to-go to university next year
present continuous for future arrangements
T’m seeing some friends tonight
| We're having dinner at their h She isn't leaving until Friday
| They aren’t coming to the part
[2] | What are you doing this evening?
Is she meeting us at the cinema?
+ You can also use the present continuous for future arrangements which we have planned fora fixed time
or place
+ Dont use the present simple for this NOT Fsee-some friends tonight
+ ‘The present continuous is especially common with the
‘expressions tonight, tomorrows this weekend, etc and with these verbs: go, come, meet, ee, leave, and arrive
3B will, won't + infinitive (predictions)
El
She 'Hbelate | She won't be late
They ‘They
Contractions: ’ll = will; won’t = will not
+ Use will / won't + infinitive for future predictions
(You can also use going to See 3A above.) + The future of there is / are = there will be;
the future of I'can = I'll be able to NOT Filcan
T you
Will she be late? Yes, she will | No, she won't
We often use I think / don't thin Think hell fail the
exam I don’t think he'll pass the exam, NOT Ethinkche-won't-pass
you
A Sometimes in [#] sentences with Iand we, people use shall (not
will), but this is
I shall write to you when I have studied your case
ry formal (for example, in a business letter),
3C will (promises, offers, and decisions)
Decisions | I won't have the fish, I'l have the steak _ * Use will/ won't+ infinitive for making decisions, offering,
| We'll take the 6.30 train ial and promising
Offers THhelp you with your homework Til help you with those bass: NOT Thelp-you
| Shall I open the window? + Use Shall I ? or Shall we ? when an offer isa question
Promises |Tllalwayslove you - = ‘Shall I pay? Shall we call you tonight at 7.002
I won't tell anyone
3D review of tenses: present, past, and future
present simple
| She doesn’t smoke
present continuous
Pl phone her later
vit help you
He's looking for a new job
| Pm leaving tomorrow
past simple | We saw a good film last night
ok | We didn’t do anything yesterday
past continuous | He was working in Pari
_ What were you doing at 7.002
‘going to + infinitive Ì Pm going to see Tom tonight
Ie | It’s going to rain
will] wor't+ infinitive | You'll love New York
Pl pay you back tomorrow
‘Things that happen always or usually
| Finished actions in the past =] ij
Í Actions that were in progress at a past time
Future plans and predictions
Predictions, instant decisions, offers, and promises
Trang 2
a Complete with going to +a verb
be buy get mai
jed not go not pass see snow stay
Grammar BANK
b Cross out the wrong form Tick (v) if both forms are possible
1see / I'm seeing my boyfriend tonight
Use contractions where you can
it/be difficult) ——_1r'llbe difficult
1 they / win EÌ
2 the meeting / be long [7]
3 he / get the job Í=Ì
4 you / see him at the party
5 it/ be impossible to park |
6 you / like the film [=]
7 she / love the chocolates we bought her [#)
8 there / be a lot of traffic at 6.00
9 you / can find a good job [#1
3c
a Match the sentences
Its cold in here
1 Tm thi
2 Thave a headache
3 This exercise is hard
4 Tm hungry,
5 These bags are heavy
6 1 leR my wallet at home
7 Ineed that photo urgently
3D
a Complete the sentences with an auxiliary verb
Where —did_ you have lunch yesterday?
1 you often remember your dreams?
2 When — _ your mother coming to stay?
3 you see the match last night?
4 Who — you phoning last nighứ
5 Who youthink win the elect
6 your brother like classical music?
7 What you going to cook tonight?
8 — itraining when you left?
€TTTT9 tro
G A Lhelp you to do ít
ty B Shall I make you a sandwich?
C Shall I carry one for you?
D Pllend you some money
F Pillsend it by e-mail now
G Shall1-shut the window?
H Shall | turn off the music?
1 Pilget you a glass of water
www.oup.com/elt/englshfile/pre-intermediate
What film _ 4# you going to see tonight? 1 What are you doing / do you do after class today?
1 He's very lazy m sure he his exams, 2 [sit going to rain / raining tomorrow?
2 your sister anew flat? 3 We're going to go away / going away this weekend
3 You in class 3 next year 4 I'm meeting / I meet Susan this evening
4 We camping next summer We in a hotel, 5 Where are you going to stay / staying in Paris?
5 A When they _? B In October 6 Hurry up! We're going to be late / being late
6 It’s very cold, but I don't think it today 7 She’s going to come / coming tonight
3B
a Write sentences and questions with will /won’t b Complete the predictions with will / won't +a verb
Idon’t think we'll have another war This one is probably the last?
Richard Nixon, 1971 (talking about the Vietnam war)
1 ‘He never anything important in life?
Albert Einstein's teacher (said to his father) 1895
2 ‘No film about the Civil War ever any money!
‘An MGM executive 1945 (about the film Gone With The Wind.)
3 ‘It’sa bad joke It ?
‘Coco Chanel (about the miniskirt)
4 ‘Idon’t think there a woman Prime Minister in my lifetime? Margaret Thatcher, 1976
last
'b Complete the sentences with will/ won't (or shall) + a verb
“call forget have help pay take tell
‘A What would you like? B I'll _have the pasta
1 Al can’t open this window B you?
2 Alltsa secret BI anyone, I promise,
3 A When will I see you again? BI you tonight
4 Can I borrow €50? 1 you backtomorrow
5 A It’s my birthday next week B Don't worry I
6 Al don’t feel very well B I _
you home?
b Put the verb in the right form
‘A What are we doing tonight? (do) BWe! dinner with my sister (have)
A But wi dinner with her last week! (have)
B Yes, but she? to tell us some good news (want)
B It’s 7.00! What 5 to you (happen)?
the champagne (come, stop) And then
18 Jimintheshop (meet)
B Well hurry up We late! (be)
yen 4
Trang 3
present perfect (experience) + ever, never
You've (You have) You haven't My brother has worked abroad,
SH has) Í[ondon.|| Shehasnt | bạn, simple (+ e4) For Irregular verbs see p.155
Mee aa here) | th ve se * ie oa use te ee perfect with ever (= in your life until now) and never
THỜ (ey: Bare) ‘They haven't Haye you ever been to London? No, 've never been there
Have you worked in a bank? | Yes, have No, I haven't He's gone to Paris = He's in Paris now
Has he been to London? | Yes, he has No, he hasn't He's been to Paris = He went to Paris and came back
present perfect or past simple?
+ Conversations often begin in the present perfect (with a general
‘A Have you ever been to Mexico? B Yes, Ihave juestion) and then change to the past simple (with questions asking
fbr speciicdetals, whens where, who with etc)
‘A When did you go there? B Iwent last year] « Use the past simple to ask / say exactly when something happened
4B present perfect + yet, just, already
A Have you finished your homework yet? | | A Would you like a coffee? ‘A Do you want to see this film?
B_ No, not yet I haven't finished yet B No thanks 've just had one | | B No, I've already seen it three times
5 Use yet + the present perfect in Í*) and [7i Fn | Mysister’s just started a new job | | A Shall I buy a newspaper? Arab eds B_ No,[’vealready bought one
Sentences to ask if something thet you + Use justin FF) sentences to say that
think is going to happen has happened something happened very recently * Use already in [#) sentences to say that
*+ Put yetat the end of the sentence, Pub iebemedened et: something happened before now or
+ Put already before the main verb,
AC comparative adjectives comparative adverbs
Adjective | Comparative | — | | Adjeetive | Comparative | Adjective | Comparative
big bigger J one vowel + one consonant; quickly | more quickly | hard | harder
| | better Irregular more + adjective i + Use comparative adjectives to compare people and things ‘My brother’ taller than me,
+ You can also use (riot) as-+ (adjective / adverb) + as
Tim not as tall as my brother
He doesn't drive as fast as me
4D superlatives (+ ever + present perfect)
hot 1t5 the highest mountain in Europe She's the best in the class prety — [the pretiest + We often use a superlative with the present perfect
| beautiful | the most beautiful | Russia is the coldest place we've ever been to
good —- I It’s the most beautiful church I’ve ever seen
Trang 4
GRAMMAR BANK
4A
a Write sentences or questions with the b Right (v) or wrong (x)? Correct the wrong sentences
present perfect He's got up late this morning | He got up late this m
he /ever/ be there? Has he ever been there? 1 We've been to Ireland last year
1 you / ever buy / clothes from that shop? 2 Have you ever gone to Paris? =
2 I/ not read/ the newspaper today 3 Jane’s gone to the bank She'll be back soon
3 We/never be/to the new shopping centre 4 fike your shoes, Where did you buy them?
4 your brother / live abroad / all his life? 5 They / go / to live in South America ST Be eee : = si
6 She / never By before: 6 Ispoke to him a minute ago >=
8 you / eat / in this restaurant before? 8 World War II has ended in 1945
4B
a Order the words to make sentences _b Write sentences or questions with already, just, or yet
nh 2 you /finish your homework? (yet) 6 You're too late He / go home (already)
6 house already sold they've their
4C
a) Witte comparative senieicex: b Rewrite the sentences so they mean the same Use as as,
Rondon is | expense | Mancheaee Mike is stronger than Jim Jim isn’t as strong as Mike,
London is more expensive than Manchester 1 Cindy is taller than Kelly Kelly isn’t ——:
3 Cambridge is / far from London / Oxford, 4 Football is more popular
4 I did the second exam / bad / the first
5 s›
the men in my office work / hard / the women ¢ you work harder than me {peal Seal Sa
4D
a Complete the sentences with a superlative, b Write sentences with ever
Is this the nosiest city in the world? (noisy) it hot country / be to
2 This is _time to drive through the citycente (bad) } Ễ poe TS xạ
6 It's _— city in the world (polluted) 6 she / beautiful girl /1/ see
7 The I've ever flown isto Australia (ar) 7 it/ bad:meal/1 /have
Trang 5| 5A uses of the infinitive (with to)
infinitive + to
I want to go to the party
1 need to buy some new clothes
It'll be nice to meet some new people
It’s important not to be late,
~ adjectives
infinitive of purpose
‘A Why did you go to the party? B To meet new people
I went to the party to meet new people
+ Use to+ the infinitive after:
—some verbs (want, need, would like, etc.) See Verb Forms p 154
Itisn’t easy to find a job Nice to meet you
+ The negative infinitive is not to + verb
Try not to be late tomorrow
+ Use to + the infinitive to say why you do something, came to this school to learn English NOT forlearn-English
Eating outside in the summer ‘Smoking is bad for you + Remember the spelling rules for
makes me feel good nh the -ing form (See p 126 1C )'
1 love reading in bed, enjoy, etc.) See Verb Forms p 154
Pm thinking of buying a new car, Thate getting up early
5C have to, don’t have to, must, mustn’t
+] | She has to get up at 7.00 every day (+) | You must do your homework tonight
You have to drive on the left in the UK
We dont have to wear a uniform at this school
He doesn’t have to work on Saturds
‘Do I have to buy a grammar book?
Does she have to study tonight?
Don’t contract have or has
Thave to go NOT Eve-to-go:
+ Use have to + infinitive to talk about rules and
obligations, or to say something is necessary
*+ Use don’t have to + infinitive to say there is no obligation, or something is not necessary
+ Use do/ des to make questions and negatives
H
| She must tidy her room before she goes o You mustn’t smoke in class
‘They mustn’t leave their bags here
Contraction: mustn't = must not
‘Use mist + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations
You must turn off your mobile phones before coming into class,
‘must | mustn't are the same for all persons, It is not often tused in questions (Ihave to is more common)
‘Use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited
You mustn't smoke here
You can use mustn't or can't to talk about rules
You mustn't park here You can't park here
Do I have to go? NOT
AL Mustand have to are very similar, but there is a small
difference We normally use have to for a general obligation (arule at work ora law), We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation (for example, a teacher to students or a parent to children), But often you can use either
‘Mustn't and don’t have to have completely different meanings
Compare:
You mustn't go =You can't go It’s prohibited
You don't have to go = You can go if you want, but its not
5D expressing movement: go, etc + preposition
‘The man went up the steps and into the church
Iran over the bridge and across the park
He drove out of the garage and along the street
+ To express movement use a verb of movement, for example, go, come, run, walk, etc and a preposition
‘of movement (up, down, etc.)
Be careful with in/ into and out / out,
‘of, Use into / out of + noun, but if
there isn't a noun just use in or out
Come into the living room Come in
He went out of the house He went out
Trang 6GRAMMAR BANK
5A
a Complete with to + a verb b Match the sentence halves
Tm planning to have a holiday next month ‘They want to go to Australia) A to celebrate getting the job
“do notdrive go learn leave notmake meet } He's going to havea party B to get some petrol
2 What do you want this evening? : 4 I stopped at the garage E to tell them where we are
3 Ineed to the bank I don’t have any money zi
1 Tye a wasn gael etnert aloes! 5 She's gone to the supermarket | F to go to China
6 Be careful too fast on the way home 7 T'llsend them a text message | H to get some food for tonight
7 She’s decided her husband
5B
a Complete the sentences with a verb in the-ing form b_ Puttheverbsin the -ing form or infinitive
“be do go learn remember study talk teach like listening to music (listen)
1 yoga is good for your health (do)
2 We've decided tothe party (not go)
Idon't really enjoy doing exercise
2 teenagers is very hard work 3 We won't take the car It’s impossible + (park)
3 You can't sing well without to breathe properly, 4 'mnot very good at maps (read)
4 My sister spends hours on the phone toher boyfriend 5 You can borrow the car if you promise slowly (drive)
5 Thate the first to arrive at parties 6 Have you finished — your homework? (do)
6 by train is cheaper than byiplane 7 Idon't mind but I hate (cook, wash up)
7 TIlgoon until dinner time
5C
a Write sentences with the right form of have to b Complete the sentences with have to, don’t have to, or mustn't
1/ work on Saturday Í=Ì I don’t have to work on Saturday ‘We don't have to work tomorrow It’s a holiday
1 Jane / work very hard [1 1 You touch those animals They're dangerous
2 We take the busto school It’s too far to walk
2 you / wear a uniform [?)
4 1/ finish this now [0 5 You leave the door open ~ the cats will come in
5D
a Cross out the wrong preposition
‘My mobile stopped working when we went across / through a tunnel _b Complete the sentences with in, into, out, or out of
1 She ran to / down the lake, and jumped into / out of the water He d _ Ho — his \d drove Ẫ
2 If you go over / past the church, you'll see my house on the left pee See a
3 He walked along / across the street until he got to the chemists 2 Come 1 Mills to:g0 - The doors open Die ee eo
4 The plane flew on / over the town and then landed ee ee 3 He took his passport his jacket ;
6 We drove over / out of the bridge and in / into the city centre
7 The cyclists went round / under the track three times
Trang 7if + present, will + infinitive (first conditional)
If miss the bus, Pll get a taxi A You can also use the imperative or can
She won't be angry if you tell her the truth If you miss the bus, get a taxi
What will you do if it rains? If you miss the bus, you can get a taxi
Use if + present, will+ infinitive to talk about
a possible future situation and its consequence
The ifclause can come first or second
T'll come if you like, OR If you like, I'll come
if + past, would + infinitive (second conditional)
Ifa bear attacked me, P'd run away
IfT didn’t have children, { wouldn't live in the country
Would you take the manager's job if they offered it to you?
+ Use if past, would + infinitive to talk about an improbable /
+ The ifphrase can come first or second
If Lsaw, a bear Vd run OR Ta run if I saw a bear
+ Remember with car, use could + infinitive, not would-can,
I Thad a car, we could drive there
impossible or hypothetical future situation and its consequence
Ifa bear attacked me, I'd run away = Vm imagining this situation It’s very improbable
would | wouldn't is the same for all persons
‘The contraction of would is 'd (I'd, you'd, he'd, etc.) and of
A, With the verb be you can use were (instead of was)
after and he she/ it
If he was | were here, he'd help you
Use were (not was) in the expression If were you
We ofien use this expression for advice
First and second condiionals Compare the first and second conditionals:
Use the first conditional for possible future situations
If Thave time tomorrows, I'll help you (= maybe I will have time)
Use the second conditional for improbable / impossible or hypothetical situations,
If Thad time tomorrow, I'd help you (=I won't have time.)
may | might + infinitive (possiblity)
We might have a picnic tomorrow, but it depends on the weather
I might not go to the party I haven't decided yet
I may go to the party, but I’m not sure
I may not have time to do everything today
Might not and may not aren't usually contracted
A You can also use May I May we to ask
for permission
May I use your phone? (= can T use your phone)
Use might | may and might not/ may not infinitive to talk about a future possi
It might | may rain, = Its possible that it will rain
ye
Might | May (not) isthe same for all persons, I might / may, he might / may, we might / may, etc
should / shouldn't (advice)
I think you should change your job
‘The government should do more for old people
Use should / shouldn't + infinitive to give somebody advice or say what you think is the right thing to do
You should cut your hair = I think it would be a good idea
should | shouldn't + infinitive is the same for all persons
You can also use ought to / ought not to instead of should / shouldn't,
You ought to change your job
Trang 8GRAMMAR BANK
6A
a Match the sentence halves b Complete with the correct form of the verbs
Ifyouleavenow ÏỞ' A ifyoudotsartnow Ifyou tell me your secret, I wont tell anybody (tell, not tell)
1 Itwill be cheaper B will you giveit back tome? ‘| Ifwe walking, the bus (start, come)
2 If Idon’t see you later, fll C you'leatch-the 8.00 train 2 He angry if you him (be, not tell)
4 Ifyou get the job, E I'llsee you on Friday Gall, geo)
5 You won't have time F if you come to every class 5 Ifyou hednicehyehe pour eek Help)
6 If Tlend you this book, |") G will you earn more money? 6 You if you - (not pass, not study)
6B
a Match the sentence halves b Complete with the correct form of the verbs
You'd feel much better [A we could go shopping, If1 found — a good job, 1 would move to the USA
1 Td enjoy the weekend more Ml B I'd get anew job 7 (ind, move) i
2 Ifyou stayed for another day, lll C if you stopped smoking ioe Fe ee iD arya oe
4 TẾT were you, E if1 boughtït for you? (know, phone)
5 I wouldn't work F if I didn't need the money 3 You more if you harder
6 Would you come with me G if I didn't have to work satire 4 Ifyou fora week, you Clean #OFK) see
everything (stay, can)
5 We _ our son more often if he — nearer (see, live)
6C
1 Let’s buy a lottery ticket B Itmight not be yoursize nothavetime not like it win
might b
3e0/881ý 10160) D widT©s mm not sure nhát to do toniht, 1 mighf g9 f he cinema,
5 Try the shirt on, F You might cut yourself 3 Tpsan unusual film, You P
6 Don’t wait for me G It might be closed 4 [don’t know if Pll finish it I =
‘on Sundays 5 It’sa difficult match but we uh
7 Be careful with that knife H We might win, 6 Take your coat It
6D
a Complete with should or shouldn't b Complete the sentences with should or shouldn't + a verb
2 You work 12 hours a day -should leave early There might be a lot of traffic later
3 You _— lose a bit of weight oe a jacket It’s quite cold today
4 You _ eat more fruit 21 it | have an exam tomorrow
5 You drink alot of coffee 3 You alone in that part of the city Get a taxi
6 You put salt on your food 4 She more She's very stressed
7 You start doing some exercise 5 People so fast when it’s raining
6 You to bed early tonight You look really tired
Trang 9
TA present perfect + for and since
‘A Where do you live now? B In Manchester
‘A Howlong have you lived there? B_I’vellived there since 1990
‘A Where do you work? B Inaprimary school
A Howlonghave you worked there? B_ T've worked there for five years
A You can't use the present simple here
NOT How long do you live here?
Hive-in- Manchester since 1980
+ Use the present perfect + for or since to talk about actions and states which started in the past and are still true now
ve lived in Manchester since 1990 = I came to live in Manchester
in 1990 and T live in Manchester now
+ Use How long? to ask questions about the duration of an action or state
+ Use since with the beginning of a period of time, for example, since 1960, snc last hun, ee
Pve been afraid of water since I was a child
+ Use for + a period of time, for example, for two
Jor ten years, etc
T’ve had this car for three months
7B present perfect or past simple (2) ? A, Don't use since with the past simple
How long has Tarantino been a director? He’s been a director since the 1980s.| | Yur jae ways uate Minister since 1999:
How many films has he made? He's made six films Be te ere aee
How long was Hitchcock a director? He was a director for 50 years :
How many films did he make? He made 52 films
* Use the present perfect + how long? for, and since to talk about a period of time from the past until now
How long have you been married? I've been married for 10 years (= I'm married now.)
* Use the past simple + how long? and for to talk about a finished period of time in the past
How long was he married? He was married for two years (= He's not married now.)
7C used to / didn’t use to
E]
1 1 1 1 1
They They
+ Use used to / didn’t use to + infinitive for things that happened repeatedly or over 4 used to only exists in the past
a long period of time in the past, but are usually not true now, for example for Don't use use to for present habits
things which happened when you were a child ‘Use the present simple + usually
Tused to have long hair I used to play in the street, I didn’t use to havea TV J usually cook in the evenings „
* You can also use the past simple here I had long hair when I was a child NOT Fuse-to-cook in-the evenings:
7 : be + past participle
Risotto is made with rice Is it made with meat?
These offices are cleaned every morning Are they cleaned on Sundays?
Guernica was painted by Picasso
‘The pyramids were built by the Egyptians
It isn’t made with pasta
They aren’t cleaned on Saturdays
It wasn't painted by D:
‘They weren’t built by the Greeks ‘When was it painted? Why were they built?
+ You can offen say things in two ways, in the active or in the passive, + Make the present passive with
Picasso painted Guernica (active) Guernica was painted by Picasso (passive)
+ In the active sentence, the focus is more on the person (e.g, Picasso)
+ In the passive sentence the focus is more on the painting (e.g Guernica)
+ You can also use the passive when it’s not known or not important who does or did the action
‘My car was stolen last week (I don't know who stole it.)
‘am | is/ are+ the past participle
+ Make the past passive with was/
were + the past participle
+ Use by to say who did the action
‘The Lord of the Rings was written
by Tolkien
Trang 10GRAMMAR BANK
TA
a Write questions with How long and the present perfect
you/be married How long have you been married?
1 he // have his car
2 your parents / lived in this house
3 you / bế a teacher
4 she / know he boyftiend
5 Poland / be in the EU
6 you / have your dog
7 Tim / be frightened of water
b Answer the questions in a Use the present perfect + for or since
ệ Live been married since 1986
s LS 1990
` mạ, =6
7B
a Right (Vv) or wrong (x)? Correct the wrong sentences
She is married since 1990 % She's been married since 1990
1 He has left school last year
2 I lived in Brighton for two years,
but then I moved to London
3 She lives in Hollywood since 2004
4 My sister has had her baby yesterday!
5 1 work in a bank I work there for twenty years
6 The city has changed a lot since I was a child
7 They're divorced now They have been married for a year
b Complete with the present perfect or past simple
1 A Where does Joanna live now?
B In Washington,
‘A How long there? (she / live)
B For six months She _ there in February (move)
2 A When (Picasso / die)
B In 1977, in Paris I think
A How long in France? (he / live)
B For along time, He Spain when he was 25 (leave) 3A My ister and her husband get on very well
B How long
7C
b Make sentences with used to,
a Look at how James has changed Write five sentences about didn’t use to, or did use to
THEN i He didn’t use to be slim es NOW 1 where / you / go to school [ "ốc eae
——— =ốố 4 what / you / do in the summer [7]
5 6 this building / be a cinema [1
7 your brother / study here (?]
a Complete with present or past passive,
‘The Biffel Tower was built in 1889 (build)
1 All the singer’s clothes _ specially for her
(make)
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1603
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare in 1603
1 Last night the police stopped us
Last night we
3 Australia by Captain Cook in 1770 (discover) ‘Alot of fist food
4 This morning | _up by the neighbour's dog (wake) 3 Toulouse Lautrec painted At the Moulin Rouge
5 Cricket in the summer in the UK (play) At the Moulin Rouge — _ —
6 ‘These songs Se ier end) 4 The marketing manager organizes weekly meetings
Fiat cars — _ =
EVD muttizom — wwwoup.com/elt/englishfile/pre-intermediate