www.phanmemxaydung.com !"# Ch"¬ng 5. Nh÷ng quy ®Þnh chung Biªn so¹n: GS.TS Ng« TrÝ ViÒng 5.1 Ph©n lo¹i c«ng tr×nh th¸o lò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`H ?C+ a 5b 13I& ':;/ c R= /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K 1%F' ,P1 a):\'( 1%=' 5KcZ !Z[0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K M.J+ `H ?C+ /N 13J )P1 Q B:;. )IE )@A 1%F' ']' a/-'( '(*,c< d+9 13C' )@A UF 10'( a):\'( -'(c< /N 13J )P1 Q 1%&'( U\ a):\'( 3*,c M3. ).]+ M.S' )e9 32'3 )e9 /3D1 /3& A3fAZ g;. 5&T. '=E /N 13J 13I& ):6/ ':;/ 1%&'( 37 Q UD1 Mh ,i/ ':;/ '=&< 13@, /3j /N 13J 13I& /T' 37 /389Z k&T. '=E M30'( '3X'( )J BY'( 13I& 5K ,= /G' 1+h /9& 1%2'3< Re 1%j R= ,l/ )j/3 ?W Bl'( /N 13J )J Bm' BG'( 13. /0'( 5O/ `CE Bi'(< 13I& UY' /I1 5n'( )o'( 1%&'( 37 /389 3&P/ 5DE ':;/ 1:;.< A3I1 ).S'ZZZ p& ).]+ M.S' /l 13J ,= /N 13J MV1 36A '3.]+ ,l/ )j/3 M3I/ '39+ 1%&'( ,>1 /0'( 1%2'3 13I& ':;/ B:;. ?C+Z qZ[0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K 1%F' ,P1 13:\'( )P1 Q /9& 1%2'3 1:r'( ) /9&Z p& /9& 1%2'3 /s9 '(:t'( 1%=' /9&< 'F' 'N /3u /N 13J BY'( )J 13I& B+'( 1j/3 A3G'( 5K /s9 37 /389Z [0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K 1%F' ,P1 U9& (7, /I/ M.J+ ?9+ )CEZ v w@A 1%=' v w:\'( 1%=' Bo/ v w:\'( 1%=' '(9'( a ,I'( 1%=' '(9'(c v x. A30'( 13I& 5K v y.V'( 13I& 5K v w:\'( 1%=' M.J+ (I& [0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K /N 13J A3C' 13='3_ v [0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K 1%&'( 13C' )@A a)@A 1%='< `.A30'( 13I& 5K< /-'( '(*,< ):\'( -'(ZZZc R= /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K '(&=. 13C' )@A a):\'( 1%=' Bo/< 1%=' '(9'(< (.V'( 13I& 5K< ):\'( 3*,ZZZcZ www.phanmemxaydung.com !"" v [0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K />1 ':;/ /9& R= /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K />1 ':;/ 13DAZ [>1 ':;/ /9& M3. ³ z{,Z |3C' 5&T. '=E 'N. 5F' )P/ ).J,< /3V )> 5=, R.S/Z w R;. 1L'( 5&T. )*+ , /0'( 1%2'3 13+4 56.< /*' A3C' 1j/3 M} )P/ ).J, 5=, R.S/< ).]+ M.S' )e9 32'3< )e9 /3D1 R= 13+4 R^'< /I/ EF+ /*+ R] 13. /0'(< d+H' 5~ M39. 13I/ )J /3o' 5&T. ):\'( 1%=' 13j/3 36AZ  5.2 Nguyªn t¾c bè trÝ c«ng tr×nh th¸o lò. p& ).]+ M.S' 5=, R.S/< )P/ ).J, )e9 32'3 R= 1j'3 /3D1 /0'( 1%2'3 '(^' ':;/ ,= /N 13J /N '3.]+ /I/3 U- 1%j R= '3.]+ 32'3 138/ /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5KZ [N 13J U- 1%j /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K 1I/3 M3•. /0'( 1%2'3 '(^' ':;/ 39E /N 13J /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K Q '(&92 5G'( ?0'( /3j'3Z w R;. )@A UF 10'(< UF 10'( /-1 13fA< )I `CE 13:\'( U- 1%j /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K '(9E 1%F' 13C' )@A< '3: 3S 13-'( BI. 13:6'(< w0 5:r'(< $3T/3 N39,< $C' y.9'(… 132 )@A RL9 5=, '3.S, Rl BC'( ':;/ R= 1%=' ':;/Z w R;. /I/ 5&T. )@A M3I/a)@A R@1 5.S+ )e9 A3:r'(< )@A )D1< )@A )IZZc /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K 13:\'( ):6/ 1I/3 M3•. /0'( 1%2'3 BC'( ':;/Z w:\'( 1%=' 13I& 5K /N 13J /N /W9 R9' M3-'( /3V< /K'( /N 13J M30'( /NZ K3. M30'( /N /W9 R9' 132 /9& 1%2'3 '(:t'( 1%=' U»'( /9& 1%2'3 ,i/ ':;/ BC'( U2'3 13:\'(< ):\'( 1%=' 5=, R.S/ 1i )>'(Z K3. /N /W9 R9' M3-'( /3V 132 /9& 1%2'3 '(:t'( )P1 13DA 3r' ,i/ ':;/ BC'( U2'3 13:\'(< M3. )N /*' /N Bi UI& 5K< d+9' ?I1 ':;/ 1%&'( 37 /389 )J `I/ )e'3 13\. ).J, ,Q /W9 R9' R= ).]+ /3u'3 5:+ 5:6'( 13I&Z K3. /0'( 1I/ Bi UI& 5K 1:r'( ) 1-1 132 ):\'( 1%=' /N /W9 R9' M3-'( /3V /N 13J MV1 36A B+'( 1j/3 A3G'( 5K R;. B+'( 1j/3 3X+ j/3< 5O/ )N 3.S+ j/3 ?Ï 1^'( 13F,Z [3& 'F' R;. 3S 13-'( /0'( 1%2'3 1:r'( ) 5;'< B+'( 1j/3 A3G'( 5K 5;'< M3+ Ri/ Ue '(@A Q 13:6'( 5:+ %>'( 132 13:\'( BY'( 5&T. ):\'( 1%=' /N /W9 R9' M3-'( /3VZ w R;. 3S 13-'( /0'( 1%2'3 '3•< 1æ' 13D1 '(@A 5l1 M30'( 5;'< 13:\'( 5=, ):\'( 1%=' M30'( /N /W9 R9'Z K3. 13.V1 MV /I/ 3S 13-'( 13+4 56.< /*' '(3.F' /8+ '3.]+ A3:r'( I' )J /3o' /I/3 U- 1%j< 32'3 138/< Mj/3 13:;/ /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K /3& 36A 5~ R] ,P1 M} 13+@1 a13I& 5K 1-1 '3D1< 9' 1&='< /3s )>'(c R= M.'3 1V aR-' )*+ 1: 1&=' U> 3S 13-'( j1 '3D1cZ www.phanmemxaydung.com q{{  5.3 Lò thiÕt kÕ vµ lò kiÓm tra ®èi víi c«ng tr×nh th¸o lò. K3. 13.V1 MV /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K Q /I/ )*+ , 37 /389 ':;/ /*' U.V1 ):6/ 5K 13.V1 MV R= 5K M.J, 1%9< 1:r'( 8'( ).]+ 1.V1 5K /s9 37 /N ,i/ ':;/ 13.V1 MV aMN$Kc R= ,i/ ':;/ M.J, 1%9 aMNK$cZ [I/ 1*' ?+D1 5:+ 5:6'( '=E ):6/ d+EV1 )e'3 13e& /DA /0'( 1%2'3Z I. C¸c tiªu chuÈn cña ViÖt Nam 1. TCXDVN 285-2002 a[0'( 1%2'3 13+4 56. – /I/ d+E )e'3 /3s EV+ R] 13.V1 MVcZ $*' ?+D1 5:+ 5:6'( R= ,i/ ':;/ 5;' '3D1 )J 1j'3 1&I' 13.V1 MV R= M.J, 1%9 '^'( 5i/ `H ':;/< æ' )e'3 MV1 /D+< ']' ,N'( /s9 /I/ /0'( 1%2'3 13+4 56. 1%F' ?0'( R= Re' U\< /I/ /0'( 1%2'3 1%F' 1+EV' /3e+ IA< /I/ /0'( 1%2'3 1%&'( 3S 13-'( 1:;. 1.F+ M3. Q 13:6'( '(+7' /3:9 /N /0'( 1%2'3 ).]+ 1.V1 BG'( /3HE ):6/ `I/ )e'3 '3: Q UH'( 5v!Z BH'( 5 v !Z $*' ?+D1 5:+ 5:6'( R= ,i/ ':;/ 5;' '3D1 13.V1 MV R= M.J, 1%9 /0'( 1%2'3 13+4Z [DA /0'( 1%2'3 k&T. /0'( 1%2'3 13+4 I II III Ig g !Z [l, )*+ , /I/ 5&T. a1%L /0'( 1%2'3 )*+ , RY'( 1%.]+c; 3S 13-'( Bm' 13&I1 ':;/ R= /I/ /0'( 1%2'3 5.F' d+9' M30'( 13+>/ 3S 13-'( 1:;. 1.F+ '0'( '(3.SA; /0'( 1%2'3 Bm' 13I& ':;/ d+9 ?0'( ?+ /s9 3S 13-'( 1:;. 1.F+ '0'( '(3.SA v$*' ?+D1 13.V1 MV a%c {<! ¸ {<q* {<5 ! !<5 q v$:r'( 8'( R;. /3+ Mh 5PA 5T. a'^,c !{{{¸5{{ q{{ !{{ z7 5{ v$*' ?+D1 M.J, 1%9 a%c {<{q ¸ {<{4* {<! {<q {<5 v$:r'( 8'( R;. /3+ Mh 5PA 5T. a'^,c 5{{{ ¸ q5{{ !{{{ 5{{ q{{ qZ [0'( 1%2'3 )*+ , RY'( 1%.]+; /0'( 1%2'3 R= 3S 13-'( 13&I1 ':;/ 5.F' d+9' 1%&'( 3S 13-'( 1:;. 1.F+ '0'( '(3.SA a1%L /0'( 1%2'3 Bm' 13I& ':;/ d+9 ?0'( ?+ )· 'N. Q !c v $*' ?+D1 13.V1 MV a%c v $:r'( 8'( R;. /3+ Mh 5PA 5T. a'^,c {<q 5{{ {<5 q{{ ! !{{ !<5 z7 q 5{ www.phanmemxaydung.com q{! [3O 13j/3 * $*' ?+D1 '3• IA Bl'( /3& /0'( 1%2'3 /N BT'( 5K A38/ 1TA 13:\'( `+D1 3.S' Q ,.]' 'O.< 1%+'( B+Z $*' ?+D1 5;' IA Bl'( /3& /I/ /0'( 1%2'3 /N BT'( 5K æ' )e'3 13:\'( `+D1 3.S' Q RY'( )7'( U»'(Z 2. Tiªu chuÈn TCXD 250 – 2001 ¸p dông cho dù ¸n thuû ®iÖn S¬n La [0'( 1%2'3 13+4 ).S' Sr' k9 5= /0'( 1%2'3 )P/ U.S1 'F' /N ,>1 1.F+ /3+È' %.F'(Z [I/ /0'( 1%2'3 /3s EV+ ):6/ 5DE 1*' ?+D1 5K 13.V1 MV A = {<{5% /N Q {<{5% < M.J, 1%9 8'( R;. A = {<{!% />'( 13F, 5:6'( D Q = q{% Q {<{!% Z Q M1%9 = Q {<{!% + D Q {<{!% Z kK 5;' '3D1 M3H '^'( a|MFc ):6/ 1j'3 1&I' )J ) /38'(Z II. Tiªu chuÈn cña c¸c n4íc kh¸c 1. Tiªu chuÈn cña Liªn bang Nga Q+E A3T, '=E 1:r'( )7'( R;. d+E A3T, g.S1 N9,< '3:'( /N 13F, ).]+ M.S' M3. /0'( 1%2'3 /N ?i /- (CE 'F' 3@+ d+H '(3.F, 1%o'( 132 /0'( 1%2'3 ):6/ 1j'3 1&I' M.J, 1%9 R;. 5:+ 5:6'( 5;' '3D1 1:r'( 8'( 1*' ?+D1 A = {<{!% />'( 13F, 5:+ 5:6'( 3.S+ /3u'3 DQ '3:'( M30'( R:61 d+I q{%< 1%&'( d+E A3T, M30'( )] /@A )V' 1j'3 1&I' 5K 5;' '3D1 M3H '^'( a|MFcZ 2. Tiªu chuÈn cña Trung Quèc $3e& 1.F+ /3+È' /s9 $%+'( Q+-/ yB5{q{! – "4 /N 3.S+ 5i/ 1L !""5< /0'( 1%2'3 13+4 /0'( 13+>/ )*+ , 13+4 56. 13+4 ).S'< 1+h 13e& 'N 13+>/ '3N, )*+ , '=&< 1I/ Bl'( R= 1*, d+9' 1%o'( /s9 'N< /N 13J /3.9 13='3 5 /DAZ N3N, )*+ , < 1+h 13e& d+E ,0< 3.S+ d+H R= 1j'3 /3D1 /s9 /0'( 1%2'3 1%&'( ']' M.'3 1V d+-/ BC' < /3.9 13='3 5 '3N, aUH'( 5 v qcZ BH'( 5 v qZ [DA /0'( 1%2'3 [DA /0'( 1%2'3 5C+ B=. N3N, )*+ , [0'( 1%2'3 /3s EV+ [0'( 1%2'3 138 EV+ [DA /0'( 1%2'3 1T, 13\. I I III Ig II II III Ig III III Ig g Ig Ig g g g g g www.phanmemxaydung.com q{q $.F+ /3+È' A3G'( 5K /s9 /0'( 1%2'3 13+4 /0'(< 1+h 13e& /DA ):6/ `I/ )e'3 A3l 13+>/ R=& Re 1%j /0'( 1%2'3 a RY'( 'O. )7. 39E )7'( U»'(< Re' U.J'c R= R@1 5.S+ `CE Bi'( /0'( 1%2'3 '3: UH'( 5 v 3Z BH'( 5 v 3Z $*' ?+D1 5K 13.V1 MV R= M.J, 1%9Z $.F+ /3+È' a 13\. (.9' 5nA 5T./ 1*' ?+D1 %c gY'( )7. 'O. gY'( )7'( U»'(< Re' U.J' K.J, 1%9 [DA /0'( 1%2'3 $3.V1 MV w@A UF 10'( )I `CE w@A )D1 R= )I )æ $3.V1 MV K.J, 1%9 I !{{{¸5{{ 5{{{¸q{{{ |MF 3&P/ !{{{¸5{{{ 3{{¸!{{ q{{{¸!{{{ a{<!¸{<qc a{<{q ¸{<{5c a{<{! ¸{<{qc a{<3 ¸{<!c a{<{5¸{<!c II 5{{ ¸ !{{ q{{{ ¸ !{{{ 5{{{ ¸ q{{ !{{ ¸ 5{ !{{{ ¸ 3{{ a{<q¸!<{c a{<{5¸{<!c a{<{q¸{<{5c a!<{ ¸q<{c a{<!¸{<3c III !{{¸5{ !{{{¸5{{ q{{{¸!{{{ 5{ ¸q{ 3{{¸!{{ a!<{vq<{c a{<!¸{<qc a{<{!¸{<!c aq<{¸5<{c a{<3¸!<{c Ig 5{¸3{ 5{{¸q{{ !{{{¸3{{ q{¸!{ !{{¸5{ aq<{ ¸ 3<{c a{<q ¸ {<5c a{<! ¸ {<3c a! ¸ !{c a!<{ ¸ q<{c g 3{ ¸q{ q{{ ¸!{{ 3{{ ¸ q{{ !{ 5{¸q{ a3<{¸5<{c a{<5 ¸!<{c a{<3 ¸{<5c a!{c aq<{¸5<{c w@A )D1 )I M3. ?i /- `HE %9 (CE 1I/ 3T. 5;' ) R;. 3T 5:+< 1.F+ /3+È' M.J, 1%9 A3G'( 5K /s9 /0'( 1%2'3 /DA I /*' ?W Bl'( 5K |MF 3&P/ 5K !{Z{{{ '^, a| = {<{!%c; /I/ /0'( 1%2'3 /DA II ¸ Ig 1.F+ /3+È' M.J, 1%9 A3G'( 5K /N 13J 'C'( 5F' ! /DAZ v w@A UF 10'( R= )@A )I `CE 'V+ 5K 1%=' )u'3 /K'( (CE %9 '3X'( 1æ' 13D1 '(3.F, 1%o'(< 1.F+ /3+È' M.J, 1%9 A3G'( 5K /3& /0'( 1%2'3 /DA I< 'V+ /N 5+@' /8 )*E )s R] /3+EF' ,0' /N 13J ?W Bl'( 5K |MF 3&P/ 5= !{Z{{{ '^, a A ={<{!% cZ NV+ 13e& A3:r'( A3IA M3j 1:6'( 13+4 R^' 1j'3 ):6/ 5K |MF /3& MV1 d+H 36A 5~ 132 BY'( 1%e ?- |MF ; 'V+ 13e& A3:r'( A3IA A3C' 1j/3 1*' ?+D1< 1j'3 ):6/ 5K !{Z{{{ '^, R= 'V+ 5K |MF R= 5K !{Z{{{ '^, R;. )> 1.' /@E 1:r'( ):r'( '39+ 132 BY'( (.I 1%e 1%+'( U2'3 /s9 39. ?- 3&P/ BY'( (.I 1%e 5;' 3r'Z www.phanmemxaydung.com q{3 3. Tiªu chuÈn cña Héi ®ång ®Ëp lín thÕ giíi (ICOLD) H7 /389 ):6/ /3.9 13='3 4 '3N, A<B<[< pZ Nhãm A. H7 /389 M3. Ue ?i /- (CE 1æ' 13D1 R] '(:\. R= 1æ' 13D1 R] 1=. ?H' %D1 '(3.F, 1%o'( /3& 3T 5:+ _ kK 13.V1 MV = 5K |MF Nhãm B Z H7 /389 M3. Ue ?i /- /N 13J (CE 1æ' 13D1 R] '(:\. R= 1æ' 13D1 1=. ?H' '(3.F, 1%o'( /3& 3T B+ _ kK 13.V1 MV = {<5 5K |MF 3&P/ 5K 1*' ?+D1 {< {!% Nhãm C Z H7 /389 ':;/ M3. Ue ?i /- (CE 1æ' 13D1 M30'( )I'( MJ R] '(:\. R= 1=. ?H' /3& 3T B+_ kK 13.V1 MV = {<3 5K |MF 3&P/ 5K 1*' ?+D1 {<!% Nhãm DZ H7 /389 ':;/ M3. Ue ?i /- M30'( (CE 1æ' 13D1 R] '(:\. R= 1æ' 13D1 1=. ?H' /3& 3T B+Z kK 13.V1 MV = {<q 5K |MF 3&P/ 1*' ?+D1 !5{ '^, ! 5*' a | = {<zz%cZ 4. Tiªu chuÈn cña Mü [I/ /0'( 1%2'3 13I& 5K /s9 /I/ 37 /389 )]+ ):6/ 1j'3 )J 13I& ):6/ 5K |MFZ kK |MF ):6/ 1j'3 1L ,:9 /i/ 3T' |MF `HE %9 1T. 5:+ Ri/ 1%&'( RG'( 7q(.\Z . 1&I' M.J, 1%9 R;. 5:+ 5:6 '( 5;' '3D1 1:r'( 8'( 1*' ?+D1 A = {<{!% />'( 13F, 5:+ 5:6 '( 3.S+ /3u'3. 1%&'( 37 /389 )J `I/ )e'3 13. ).J, ,Q /W9 R9' R= ).]+ /3u'3 5:+ 5:6 '( 13I&Z K3. /0'( 1I/ Bi UI& 5K 1:r'( ) 1-1 132