grivas cpe reading use of english students book

PART 2 ~ Language Development ‘Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions: presented in siphabvical dur and practise in context, = Idioms: presente in alphabetical ondur and encompassing

USE OF ENGLISH

© GRIVAS PUBLICATIONS 2013

Al ight reserved

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Introduction

4 Use of English i designed to prepare students for Paper 1 ofthe revised Cambridge CPE examination This book

‘ull Rep students successfully brkge the gap between FCF level and the more advanced knglsh need for success al CHE

Students are given the oppnarunity to his on Thre essing langaaye kills, and emphasis igen to bolh grammar an

‘vorabulary Students alse have the chance le faariae thomseies with the Format ofthe nese CPF examination, with ane

‘ean practice being flere in cach ui,

‘There ae Sfteen unts i the book, exch gf wich is eamprsed of four purl these pars are organised as follows:

PART 1~ Grammar

| Grammar Presentation: 3 cle presentation i all grammatical sractures (help students revise thelr knowledge, with emphasis an more advanced phere

1 Gramnnar Practice: practice ofthe grammar preserted inthe uit

1 Simar meaning in another way: presentation of cammon ransiivmatwns lo cunsoldate suns" hnowledge hefore they attempt the rolencp-eed ransiommatons hich fll

4 CPE Transtormalios: futher pracie of suctines, lang with 9 numberof mere challenging transformations

1 Advanced Lauguage Points: selection of advanced level material which helps candulales gan confine in thế use of the English language

PART 2 ~ Language Development

‘Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions: presented in siphabvical dur and practise in context,

= Idioms: presente in alphabetical ondur and encompassing the wide range or advanced idlomatic ase ren level

Prepositional Phrases: extensive coverage and practice uf prepisitenal phrases require a this level,

Wierd Usage: designed no acquaint students wilh everyday allocations in English

CCllocatons:ferther peace in advancedsevel collection,

Phrasal Verbs: reinforcement and extension of suvlents’ knowlndye of phrasal verbs, presntod in alphabedeal or

‘Same units ao Ineduce a number a ruminl forms

© Words Easily Conlused: un exercise in which students have ta chaose between cammanlycrnfuseel wards, according

conte

"Derivatives: an alphabetical ist designed ta pride stalens with a wealth of deivalves, essential for success in the sword format asin the CPE examina,

1 Wordplay: practice in recognising sub ditferences between phrases aswell as sven exer

"© Word Combinations: words combined to make set phrases, irvaluable lo cancdalus as huse expressions are usd ‘throughout the CPE examination

© Connector icortet:presonlaton of areas of the language where mistakes are commonly made

© Word Distractors: exercises base! on werd distracts peovding practic in recognising and understanding ther comet

PART 3 - Vocabulary Practice

= Avarety of topcall-telated wrcahilryevercses desig to lp tales the Reading & LISeof Elis ets in ar 3

PART 4 = Reading & Use of English

= Examstyle tests giving suelens practice inthe sls require fie the rove CPE examination,

Exar Pradiee

Includes examstyle texts to not any help students lamas: Unnsees val the vised exam formal, But aso ofr

ther a chanos a pene he exam techniques and put thee leaning into practice,

This book wil provide students with extensive caveraye ofthe iricacies of Engjsh usaye an prepare them forte demands

“ifthe vised Cambridge CPE examination

Part ¥> Grammar (The Present Tenses ~ he Past lenses — Future Forms) ~ Transformations Advanced Langunge Points 18

Part a Reading & Use ot English sam Practice 1 (Pa 1,3,3, đ) 35 % Unit 2

Part 1: Grammar ‘Adjectives / Adveibs ~ Comparisons -Iransformalions ~ Advanced Language Pots Part 2: Language Development 38 %

‘Grammar Nouns Plarals ~ Many’ Much, (8 eu Aline etc Same ‘Any None, ele ~Transformatins—

Unit 5

art te Garumariheal ing Verbs ~Transfrmations~ Avance Language Points 16

Unit 6

Part {: Grammar ¢Coneltionals - Wory Too Lnougl ~ Lach Boh ~All Whole Advanced Language Fits — Ee? Olhur ~ transformations t4 Parl 2: Language Desclpmnl Parl 8: Vorabulary Practice 1 137

Unit 7

Pant 12 Grammar (neal Past lenses - Would Rather ~ Had Weilor Wish Hope) ~ Iransignnations ~ Advanced Language Points 146

Unit 8

Parl 1: Grammar he Infinitive -the Caan —Transtrmations Advanced Language Points

arl2: Language Development

Parl 3: Vorabulary Practice

ant 4: Reading & Use of English

Part &: Cavrect English Usage

Exam Practice 8 (Pats 5,6, 7)

Unit 9

Part 1: Grammar The Pasive Vive! —ransformations ~ Advanced Language Pos

ant 2: Language Development

Part 3: Vocabulary Practice

art 4: Reading & Use of Cngish

eam Practice 9 (Part 1, 2.3.4)

Unit 10

Parl 1: GranariRapeortet Spout - Verbs nut fllowsl by prepastons ~Transfrmatias — Advanced Language Puts

Part 2: Language Development

Parl 8: Voubulary Prati

Parl 4: Reading & Use of Engish

ram Practice 10 Fats 5, 6,71

Unit 11

Pafl: Gantmaf (Quesion Thạt S5? XeiferDoL~Vho har;AAhích ~The “Causative use of hase andl go) —

Transformations ~ Aehaneed Langu Puins

Part 2r Language Development

Part 3: Vocabulary Practice

Parl 4: Keating & Use of Crglish

Exam Practice 11 (Pats, 2,3, 4)

Unit 12

Parte Grammar fulatvs Chases ~ Clauses af Reason‘ Mannel {Purpose} ~ Transiormations ~ chanced Language Pons

Part 2: Language Development

Part 3: Vocabulary Practice

Part 4: Reading & Use of English

Exam Praclice 12 (Parts 5, 6,7)

Unit 13

Part 1: Grarnmar (Clauses of Result Contrast Tne ~ inversion] ~ Transformations ~Arvanved Language ants

Part 2: Language Development Part 3: Vocabulary Practice

Part ds Reding & Use of Fglish

ram Praulee 13 (Parts 2,3, 4)

Unit 14

Part 1: Grammar (Pariciples ~ There fs Are + Te Be— Linking Words) —

Part 2: Languayy Ouvelopment

Pat 3: Vocabulary Practice

Part: Heading & Use of English

Exam Practice 14 (Pars 5, 6,7)

‘Unit 15

Parl 1s Crarmar (Subject 1 Si

Language Poias

Parl 2: Language Development

Panta: Vorabulary Practice

Part &: Reading & Use of Frifish

Fram Practice 15 «Parl 1, 2,3, 4),

ansformatans ~ Advanord Language Ponts

gular Plural Vers ~ umpalc£ Crchmalory lruclures} ~ Transformations ~ Advanced

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Reading & Use of English (CPE Specifications)

General description Structure and tasks

FAPRFORMAT For Parts 1 104, the test contains xls sh aocempaaylng gree and Socabulary tas, and discrete ters

Soha gimma and vocab focus, For Bats 5 7, th test corals (ts and accamparying reading comprehension uss

Tae hea 30 irs

NO OF QUESTIONS

ask rs

safplechteÐclore, open ews

‘nord formation key word tangamhoh, mulls mạng, sipped ts, multiple choice Tre the flings books ition ae nowt, non=pectalt aes i agadnes,meapopets and the LENGTICOF TENTS 2000 3.400 onde inf

ANSWER FORKUT For Pans 1, 8, 6 and 7 candidates indlate dhe answers by alin Bi

‘omc loanges onthe anewer sheet

ai Dan? ah 3, cote rite thế rwers in capital ltrs inthe Spare prvi an th ase sheet, Tor Far 4 cndidates write ther

"swe Theansuyz che bạt

‘ital tere re mot equi, mang Tor Par cath corest anne receives 1 mar or Pa leach

‘ort amomer nees op 22 mas for Pare 5, each comer ansser roves 2 rk fr Part 7, ch Core anzie receives mark There

fe 9 loll 72 mks snslabhe fre

Steucture and tasks

PART

TASTE Muliplechnie lve, De ma fara om

AND FOCUS Serabulan phrases, semen, pasa ee, eg idioms, collocation, fed

Seman preason FORMAT single thst hooves wn ox pe fom 3 se: ox with igh gaps: Canes

for 0 fl cach op

NG@FQE a

PART2

TskTVP= Open ole The nm fe un arrows

SND FOCUS — and conta cf grammar wth some focue on vce

" TT a to

sh igh gaps, Candidates hk oF the

“ott ich best ts each ga

NGOEQS 8

PART3 TASK PE Wr ation, AND FOCLS The man fous ison voeabuln, in Patol the use aur eterl

Chung and compounding in werd font,

FORIAT A text canting omesperas bo words The stems of he sgh gape tgp

Inssing words ae gen beside the ts and rt be angel or theming Word NGOEGE 4

PARTS TASICTIPE Rep won ranma:

As0 FOCUS The focus fs on ammar vocabulary and nlneaHan

5x đhenwte feme whh aleadin sewfenoe——ˆ

andl «gape eoporse W vamp in 22 KORAMST ok nduờng ghen ey NG.OEQS 6

PART 5 TASTE Muhpledhok AND FOCUS —Uestaatng tune, purposs main elton, tat of opin, atta

frgotsaton features (seeps, ompanson reer

— rum shih rapa have been Temoved and placed in jumbled ee aler

the lent Candice mast decide rom where

in the txt he paar hr been rena

hooray?

PART?

TASKNPE Multpe matching, ANDFOCUS Underlay pei intormation or deal opinion tude, FORT Aten, or several short fens, ered ly rauliplematching yest Candidate

‘must match a prompt element nh

Reading & Use of English Sample Paper

Patt For questions 1-8, read the test below urd device which answer (A,B, C-ar Dest its each gap Mark yur

answers on the separate answer sheet,

here is an euenple atthe Bog (0),

0A punting B fixing © placing D trông

le

A Silent World

Linda Philips sighed once again, anda) on a beave face, (1) Wha's the matin? to er daughter, Frm

For she knew only too well that fr a wily, her daughter had been lost ina 2) of her awn one that would

end in (3) ns Of e305, prapaation Fr mim’ enty into the word, where communication on any level would

bef the aan importance, Linda had pul a slain onthe rity hy taking the in do Tearn sign language, Its

ru svete that the majority of pnp ane insensive to the (8) uv of children generally, fel alone those who are

dal ike asada, Emma wns stating (6) up the subtle meanings ether sidlong (7 ancl experience

the hú shịch G1 ollows The pain ojetion takes a long time tn subside

2A admtecly B lousy € tematkedly D inevitably

Part 2

or questions 9 +16, eal the text helow ar Thick ofthe ward which best fs each space, Use only one word in

teach space, These 1s an example atthe Beginning (0), Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate

varity uf situations without us 48) being aware of i

The importance of the colour fr us humans must dee rial trom the colour af blood, 70)

there is aso 2 natural necrrence in plas and animals to act as a waning fof poisen, Jar exampll or eminent

attack In alton, red isthe colour you see in the depths af a fe, and in dhe san (11) #

sels in the sky

lw moder lif, rod derutes waming anel danger, andthe sight of t wtomatcally (126 us

‘ore als i used or ead signs shotsng prohibition, on tps or hat water for bullons that wil produc radical

resulls if pressed and teachers comections

Its also the clue of ve, anger and (13) passins The bloel and the heart ave abways bon

seen as laselycommuct wm elings, (4) the eer that people with emotional disturbances

‘were olen bled by dacters in the Mile ges inthe mistsken belie that they bài (15) mạch

blond in thom Here, however, we can perhaps see mater source of red 35 danger i you eu a pursun ging rad

inh fac it often best to aa a hasty rete, (16) thếy eplode

Pats

or questions 17-24, real the text helow Use the word given in capitals atthe end af some ofthe lines to form a

swurd that fis nthe space in the same line, There fs an example atthe beginning 0), Wiite your snskvers IN CAPITAL,

LETYERS on the separate anewer sheet

vwaming, meaning they can injure themselves by fling or be at sk om, for ample, 19) ¬elidesif hey colapse in 9 oad One ait boy, PASS

‘sho sfered upto five seizures a day, had by the age of eleven sustained two serious cancussons and sumer of broken teeth fm fl

“here are dogs ke guide dog: fr people with pail or wal 0) uno tine to lp serers deal with ouacks hy leg parents or (2) sunt

‘he victim is notin a postion of danger Homever, avery smal purcenage of ds

se also what scaled setaurealer’ that they con f3 Comlng sau up Mã half an hour before it happens an! orewarn tei owners, Cu mìnule can ge

‘he vc the tine to find a safe plane, oF ev ah veizur-blacking mace i thotisavatable to and 8) for thêm, trrrer

Ie isnot known quite haw these de know ack bs epproaching, hu anes Took or dogs that poss «(2 eml ly ro counds art cms, HIGH

44 a natal empadhy with poople ts prs tht such dogs ave mee sengive tothe taremark syptoms tha precede an aac, er ayhe there a particule mela) ine, Whatever the reason, the dog can erally changethe COMPANY

eof the sufferer long trapped by ther ines

+

Pats Fer questions 25-30, carplete the second senteqoe xụ hai iLhas a similar wing t the MSL sentence, using the

ward given, Donat change the word giver You must use hebween three and eight swords, incuing the wad ve

the dress ft 7 va worth what

‘ite oily the missing words om the separate answer sheet

26 go.nekking naw andl again with my brother

1 treiking swith my brother

27 early every monn dire fsa new ensionmental disaster

passes

Hành: 2 net environmental disaster

28 Nohory can loresee what David's uaeton Ws Une news wll be

" David will react to the news,

29 He almost ced when you shouted at hin

verse

He was ‘hon you shouted at hin,

‘80 Nobody sid they objected tothe plan

objections

Parts You ae going to reed an extract from a nave, For questions 31 «36, choose the answer (A.B, CoD) sehich you thins

fits bestaccording lo Ue lex Mark your arasvers on the separate answer sheet,

A Glimmer of Hope

“You comet just take doi Lake an never give anytliag both’ Laurence used sy lo hs bo Sons Te as Lng bout

resign te ol but 3 wih his ote peal of fang wistom Mk often found bins applying io lie ell even

inthecit,nhars he and nde made cr home, ft Hom the dailies ot Nath Yar

Mark sisted often ennugh, while dre tended en sat svar — ironically they bod acted for much the same reason When

‘Mak la tld is father he was nt terested x roping the Lam, Laurence ba mot suid muh: evo eat ter Arne

Soi the Suns (tang inte same spt ovecvaking De pase where tbe sheep grazed ~ the oul plac they could ever

sotthet father sand ti 4 hue ad ake ba sid wong a a

nthe hing hd tughe thon: uc Th at plac anf signs et winter” Meaning, the sale, soo ens

‘wee by far the mast tng The way hse hehawe Cita seasitive pans Andi silnee ad spon valomcs th thếngh

‘he vol aever dream of telling bi sums veto Ue theres, ews leary unable to mpm he al fed

cual the beauty uf fargo them,

As soon a they ete old enough To be used aol get Cewsebes io cet De bd had thea out wills Mi st ere ‘ills opportonty: vide anette side of hun on the ato, ltenin te rhe Maes ofthe keap los tel the sh

sping gras; walkng with hi Bough the Flock ner lansing, wstehing him check cach epactnt cw, Kawi cach aoe fy mame: standby him at he aston fis and naket ase wh negotiated the pnee he va lnotig tr thơ the nr

sell dat

He iad vot nies ta dissuade Derm ur omplore tben, am] bại alas supported tbem, bu Dec mother, Muy, ba wl them

ow dspondent ead bvea, sil was Semeliaes, and cided then, Wy id Chase tebe a Bat “aevee"? Could you nl ave

eth ease eatin isa a? Aad 9 The et iy and That dave Ra Yost oftoa and Adios Ta 8

Inangered Andres, a5 he onoe explained to Mak, He alms wanted hanes, dct he Wy shld we go hag fe all?

Te dh do what Grand at for Marks were —he never eth uer resented them the ho, hut athe

segaedeF coset aa fale for not making he Sons furnes hve fhe

‘hich was uot, uy ese, eu, They Ted ogee la he seule of Leeds, bun Ia i Zoe te onnveience ad afer all,

-xcrenf for long without the pan spazss,thagh: Andres mgr noe go theft, ur hy fen tak hi ok crise dsp ino the hey sil bath young uta, ti single sa ip oo fof ie oa ade ouside Cherie BA? Netber could gs

‘rors trashing for miles through the doslae sesh, dan ep taned n the cnd oŸ the to tr dhend Mal cn’?

understand bis youoger brother anymore ~ te spe confidence Andrew used t show in him, the openness, Here EONS,

teyliced Iya Damier bat sa hanler sử haler Wo break cugh,

“Moll pregnancy Kooehed ol ees for i, and sul i seve ike everything would We ll igh gun, doe sare

ming ta te a sltcons othe point of obsession wt is onthe Ie hat eas of notes okeu dow from the Ilene

abnot hit or oer wemon~the lst miele her, cera, satis: ~ anc wanld arte bert deacon ag o get hee

tu read ud fll al

‘ean do everthing, Andre she sald ance ‘IT yal Ue things youre sues, the bys no mg to knew which ay

to sce when nly umes

Foy teas dwags a he’ Lavience bad no dub started tal he wos ful of wew hope, Though te wat geting x noe as

sil pewertl ep, Wel abe fo he hava sessns of wo tet la aad utils dew sx was ead ake he vi

"hen the resus the utraxonnd sean came back «Mancha feted twas gi Theyre ll sing ar tals wea Mole

snomounded i ju fer dinner had inne nine Satur evening doles sh had awh tn deal wth Laurence rensien her on, I as winter, ad lon evenings il uf lang sence wore nul the mst atoactive uf prspets

Thee wata long stnued sews Then ‘A gel ago said Laurea, able keep be ule of shock bur his wie, That's rig sat Nelly aighụ an ong overdue, if yo 00k ot che as”

"he meal snd anata and Laurence went ante his tal plas, looking oor sos He fics, tiven on his fave Mask

went ut oi,

‘Ades! mean se won want ar, you no!

"Fu if you bv Lads dat what's the canes of a Iss wanting 1?"

TÊn toi gi sh wi, Hust that You shooly tits er off efoe shes even Dosa?

"He watches his father hfe iom to nfo, ashe ddeen he was hiking Then, forthe is time ever, 46 đ Mukoold

remember, he used faring as a metaphor

‘Wel you low (he no cơn na lu, thế 866pge vw li 0t Ânl tien uc table, bee sbe won! ve

hor pace up again i buns Mack uadersood what Loven 9g (li haa it wis is ast chanee lờ hônge ế ns

Why does the author use the word “ironical inline

A The brothers’ common mouve led thu in uppusile direetions

1B The brothers both fel they were actng selfishly

© Thigh brothers, they neacted very differently to events

Deep dln, the rathers both realised they ha hurt thelr father, How did the brothers understand thie father was ur?

He hadh’t spoken to them since,

Be had used the clad metaphor

© His behaviour had changed

He had stopped reaching them

Why di the brothers fee guity?

thuy it thuy had sd the wrong approach

B They have they had dashed thei fathers hopes

© Their mother had told them oft

All dur ather's ark had yore to wane Anse felt angry a Laurenes because he

A felt Lagrence’s behaviour vas hypocttcl

8 hhmed Laurence fr hộ men pmohleme

fll Lacrence blamed them for lating him dows, was unhappy nthe city but dared mot shove

‘oly made the announcement a diner so that

Ail soould be a sump

BB everyeme woud hear i al dhe same tines

© her anger at Laurence woul nat show:

1 sh sul ave siome support,

‘What was Lawrence's final dorsi?

A to sll the fara

B to place his hopes om the baby

© tw make Fas ssl jalan

to frce the farm an stark

Parts You are ping to read an extract fron an atic, Seven paragraphs have buun removed from the extract, Choose

fc dhe paragraphs A H the one which ils each gop 137-49) Hhure es ve era paragraph which you do hột eee o use, Sak sour answers onthe separate answer sheet

A Realistic View

‘One of Phe most mewotable sceues fom Frcs Ford

Coppol'sApueaizoe New shure a beach lang by US

‘ucops under heavy lie As the eumera pans around, e

wale limpie of Coppnts imal, aecting another

[ln ere, shouting “Dt look st ths camera! a the

‘The nage, am expecially Ibe moving image, baa per Wat text acd spuken word has mot, the power of

iment impa Whereas hefore Viera, cases

‘uf rar will he reported in dy aes, How the viewer

ould se the conpses sawn on the bateteld, The mages et the Viera a1 wadoubledly played pai

creating the aasees moseuneat back in the States amd

"he eventual ase

3n

‘Ans hecause the camo ie cvee-ptesent, thế 0e 04%

real, especially aowspapels, are bei, ree ty Cake

stops compere, No louger is il enough lo cult

wavious stories and patch together an aticle; the

sucieselay joumalt x expected © provide an cực

ness account ofthe front ness abate, we 6

among the combatants and dusk under the Tv bullets

and avoid the explesions sloop ith thera

1 has also Jed ty am extercly alarming vise im the

umber: of casualcos, inching fataics, among

members of the press This seach sc level ducing,

the Bosnian Wat ahat staff fom diferent inedia

neriodss Banded together refusing to seu more than

lone camera eke uno the Gel a ime amd poling all

the footage obtained,

lo thế hơi lí the acto

‘wad ftalides, The comispe of war curring heavier

‘ae beavie pie

A Fe leuds tw calber iwougruous seaes Euenles sxehsngie gữnhre along act seret, hugging the

srl buldings Behind them, similar crouched, Js & cameraman sing Jeus ineread of gon; 4 reportel clutehiag 4 miirophone ta 9 shite»

uwwkled fst is bidiag debind Min, bubbling commentary toa live audience

However, seustle masts such a8 these ats nọt oud enough for the networks, The images hus cfsined may be real may sow the stuation a

‘sharpening om the grand tue wht a ness ch

‘nts bn all las Kot rho ma, especaly It ants good TV

Sin the fist en seeks of che wr, the Afghan sonfliet was alieady the mest dangerows for the eda since Fosnia Seven jouvalss hag aleoady lost tie lives iv that waver aad, tan Ty Uwe deeules of acur-vonatumt warfare Plenty of joumalists Reade strange bask out to the relate safety nf Pakistan ~hut thre were plenty waiting thre, enger trae rir ace

‘They come with their notebuoks open und pens poised, rr eameras let, voy ta snap oF el

‘They are the ar correspouseuts, veterans ot Boral, Susalia and Kosovo, batescaiied and burdened more ready foe combat thaw wast ofthe solder they stop ta tere

‘iy was tbe mistake not kom ow ofthe nl eH?

Because i Gted perfectly The Vietnam War was the fine nar to Be propels televised, amd scenes from i were part and Parcel af che average Aumsvcgm’ exprignse of The war $9 the scone In the Got Joos surbentis precisely bocanse it has a los cees on the sidelines, shooting che sales guing vo ation,

Siem his ecome eapstel that every wu be somnpanie by a vical eo;Mnepis, auđ 0 RAS necessitated de sendiag of eames eres ite ái ous dvaplue le aoraenls 08 celluloid (Or 90, ideu) A war iso longer a eal wae unless its winhel

Se when the US iasaded Afghanistan, i was Hot

‘ust ops that wend wer the border Journalists farneramen,photiyraphes, ll went ang forthe ride, penstatng areas the county shone even boy the US weary, alin sear of thar tasve gos,

‘he exclusive, wether ia Uh foro of aw article, # polygraph a a vdeo clip

1

Part?

‘Your are yong tu read an article ahout Captain Cnok, For questions 44 $3, choose fom the sections (AB) The

certs may he chosen mere than once

‘Mark the answers on the separate answer sheet

In which section ate the following mentioned?

asking if Cook merely performed his duty or actively shaped regional policy sẽ

“zeal

“Thete i soe controversy to whetes Cook should

bs egaste simply as pat af the pseess ih Te (6 Fuse sprending fe intnance and ength itn the Pocficur ether he playeda more set role Either soy the signaicance uf is dhcoveries remains jomcase Tis expeditions cuntibuled greatly wo Ibe study of olay, —autbiopology, —ntigacon, csgloiAd0A, utegI5gbf, A3 međKine In fat, hữt gremte acrormplihinefs rahahl§ stzmmic hoạ hit

‘horough approach «whatever he undertow, ich fed tam be able ws consulate the work of eusie explore Cook's fist um sayages ino the Đai:

were shavacterised by his rolesanor sad forkeaance (eward the inhabitants af the isk Re vise an

‘he importance his ere: His recognition of the fut that there was placed on the piel wel-heng of

age cultural difference between his men and the Jnkauders illenced his dealags wih Ue tater sod

‘ve sommanss sued co the fora, By comcast, bis (i an lst wogags same a diferen, mre irate

Ck aman who frequent pansked his owm ren for

minor misdemeunort Hogging bevame a relatively oxnuan event a soave bee meabers even beans lst tin

"khu [ru that he 84 Duman epseseattie of the god Bithoe way, they wolenmedt im witb opsn ston ana ge him Rep in stcking hi shige wa ed,

>

‘The expedition’ departure huppened lu cuinside with Une ud ofthis season wf woisip, no doubt fwbee Aadtiog to the ihaaders orion that Cook was 8 man of importance ro then Unfortmmarcly, rhe expedition had t return (0 the hay after one ofthe Ship suffered stom mage On the ind, it was

ua period dedicate tbe worship wf tbe wud Kn,

4 ely opposed (9 Lowe Cook's tue was derefore ntadixot sai eonihsing, sn potest upset the Acligste relationship that had heen previous

‘srahlshed Evens tno turn for the verse wih his desslon to cnnftor the Huwalon king aftr dhe theft fof une of ie boats, This served Uo bus the wri of The sles and tigger a seties of evens tat led

ta bis being ied Bỹ thew on the beach ofthe has stile yng eee tr ahs lan

talk Bob ine lending

(every once in a while

mouth passes ulthout there bang:

remains to he seen how

fon the verge of ering tears

raked ‘had any objections to

‘A THE PRESENT TENSES

1 The Present Continuous Is used:

41 for actions in prograss at the time of speaking He's watching 1V at the moment

2 tor temporary actions or temporary repetition This year, Ym studying Spanish

Fea geting up at 6 o'clock every mening this BE

2 for arrangad actions; plans for the near future m gọng to London forsomov

4 sith always, continual, forever, emphasising thatthe action happan, vay oflan, (0o often

He's alaays helping the poor, 7 Youre abvays losiig things!

5 for changing situations / develaprnent The problem ie geting worse

wore

1 fe thinking aboot moving house,

Thor: Hiatt

2 He's seolng his fend this evening

8 Ho's jelous [hats his nature] He's being jealous, [at this moment]

[Acjactivas describing bahaviour at 3 particular

moment can be used with being, such as ealous,

loolich, greedy, silly, noisy, naughty, ete]

4 My fog hurts fis hưởng, [haf, sehe and la can bê eêd in the thesrnple or cortuoue tense]

2 The Simpla Prosont Is us

1 for habitual actions / permanent routines ‘usu go to the pub inthe evenings

Sha wor bn the post office,

2 for timetables / programmes with a future meaning

‘My plane iaaves iv half an hour

8 in newspaper headlines for recent events WAR BREAKS OUT Nt THE GULF

4m sports commentaries [The present

continuous is also possible] ‘Jones passes the bate Simpson

‘We often use can j could with verbs of perception,

‘oan smelt something bursa

EE UCC

Grammar - Transformations - Advanced Language Points

3 Tho Simple Present Perfect Is used:

1 for completed past actions Lime not mertioned]

“Tom has broken his leg

2 tor periads of time not yet over ‘Sha nase’ been out yet this moming

3 affer the following expressions: This / Wis the first / second / ony ete time This ƒ R Hệ, etc I the best / worst This isthe first time ve seen a Uiger

‘tia the best play we've ever seen,

He has heen te London, (= he has visled in

He has gone te London {= he ie tare now)

He nas heen in Loneion for two years, (= Ne is st ‘Landen and fas already spent two years there)

4 The Present Perfect Continuous Is used:

41 for actions started in the past and stil continuing, {thas boon raring for toe hours; since fast ight

flor expraaces the length ol tine: for a yours! oaths, ete] [since expresses 2 string pont: since lat wask 1

11 The verbs know and havo Used in continuous tenses,

1 ave kaw her for tn years

We ttave had this szeedboat since 1993,

2 Some verbs such as lve, say, stud walt, ‘and werk can be used in tha simple prasent perfect instead of the present perfect continuous without any difference in meaning

hava luod j have base fing hers since 7888

‘coupane:

{have been here (or bvo weeks, (= fanivad v0 wesies 290.) 1am here for vo weeks (= fe arranged to stay for two wesks.)

possess) ara not

11 This isthe only time 1 have} Chinase food

2 They're usually very welkbehaved | don't know why they (h6) sơ naughy

atthe moment

3 Who {draw} on the walls again?

4 The doctor (not see) anyone at four, so why not come then?

5 The neighbours {argue} since midday and they sil haven't stopped

6 How long YOU know) hor?

7 You ÂoreVEE se (Forget) to bring your homeward

8 Whal time the Cura USUBIY soon (g0) up?

sa (thính PT gọ our tonight "Oh, l (thing) of going

to the cinema,’

10 Ann avs {nat eat) since breakfast

Fill in the comect present tense

BMY 28 oa {make} funny noises recently so | am taking i to the mechani)

2 we (hs tr he ast five hours Will we over get there?

3 the local cinema _ (ehow) anything goad tonight?

5 Louise {not agre) wit my leas somatimes

© May I borrow ths or yeu (vse) 7

7 Onroll {pot pass) the exam,

8 YoU look tired you week) alt eacenty?

9 really - (00 know) what YOU ner (tak) about

40 They «(bo So greedy that ave to teke that chocolate off them before they eat alt

© Witte your own sentences using:

2 leraining

4 iehoving

ry

B THE PAST TENSES

1 The Simple Pastis used:

1 for completed past actions {llms mentioned We wane 20 tha thaatra lastnight

2 for habitual ; repeated past actions, The chien always praped in the garden

Atso: Tho chien used to play in the garde The chide would play in the gare

‘oe: Tha chlidran ware in the habit of playing ủi the garden,

's two years since I saw Paul cn: fs two yours since ve seen Pact, IWor: Since J eemi-coe hava? soon Paul]

2 The Past Continuous is used:

1 for past actions in progress at a specific time What were you doing a the tine othe robbery?

‘She wes washing har fa when the doorbell rang

‘was resting while be wes watching TV

2 for temporary past actions, Back in the ahietios, twas working 2s 2 hanker

3 wth always, continualy, forever for emphasis in the past

His parents were atways arguing

‘She was aways helping people in need

PRACTICE

3 The Simple Past Perect is used

1 for past actions hefore a lime in the past or ‘another past action

‘She had met Ji five months betore she

‘graduated,

He ran orto the platform bud the tain had jst fof

2 after the following expressions: “hie! Itwas the frat second / only, et Ume Thị / It Ho, etc was the best ’ worst ‘was the fs time I had visited ino

‘She was the best zachar { had ever hac

4 The Past Perfect Continuous ls used

1 for actlons over a period of tima that lasted up to a certain point in the past

By 1988, Fhad been iMing in Loncion for six sors

The diver who caused the aceidont had "ba&n chữthing

2 for past actions that caused a visible result in the past

‘lis hands were ay Hed he been digging in the gaccen?

The roads were wet ithad been snowing,

2 Flin the comrect pact tense

When was a chil [1]

6 the first time | 7]

to bed every night feeling Ike I [4] (eat) all day,

(g9) to usit my aunt agam - she (work) abroad for some years Actually it was

{s2e) her in fiteen years! When (208) her, she [9] (el Me)

(stay) wth her cousin (@alk) all day about this and that

(surprise) me most was that she (lose) a lot of weight In fact,

(spond) a whole day with her anc she {not offer) me anything to eat!

Choose the correct answer

1) twas the mast sensible thing he all day For most of his adult a, he chess on

A had said Sunday aRemoons with a friend,

2 By tha time I got tothe theatre, the play aga

A had started 7 Bane all day and we thought t would never stop,

8 stared ‘A had been snowing

3 dust after | arived, the show CỤ Bom

‘A had begun 8 Last eummer, [had @ temporary Job | 36.4

8 would work

4 We nto trouble at school

A had always been getting

8 wore always getting 9 How many applications up to that paint?

‘8 ware you recaiving

B worked

61 unđột a Was when I got struck by

lightning Luckily, someone took me straight 10 Aaa

hospital 40 Aten olock last night, We jn 1 fnish tha job

‘A was shattering A mere stil vying

B sheltered B had stil tried

© FUTURE FORMS,

1 wil The of sheatre wil cfose in October Some ather ways to express the future: The Prine Minisior Is fo vist Blactid next month,

2 going to The plane fs about to feave

: tn October, THE ran le due to ave af six o'clock

‘The of thewtre ts going to close tn Octobe In An]

"he Ol teaie etoaps lo October 1813 bound io srow (= very fel) The ole meat is oloeing in October The company fs on the polnt of sigeing a now contract just about to)

iso: Tha company ison the brink ! verge of bankruptcy

(= dangerously near)

11 The Future Continuous fe used:

1 for actions in progress at a certain tine in the futur A four o'clock, 1 be working,

2 for actions which are planned or will happen n the normal course of events The postman willbe coming soar

3 to politely ask about someone's plans (esp when we want sth Wis you be going to the post ofie thịt mortung? í sọ, could you plaase past this for me?

wills wor normally used ater these words or phrases:

after, oven tf unit, as fond as, if, wha, as soon as, jsee whenever, before, in case, wiile, bự the te, the

‘moment | mimute, on condtion that, the nowt time, provided i providing, suppose ! supposing, te sooner once

19 el him as 200n as he arrives

‘Come and! see us whan you are next in London

} aut: we Use wll after / wtrether with expressions such as:I don't know, | doubt, I wonder, etc

J elon’ know I « wetter e wll come

Jou whether our foam wi win again,

a

."

2 The Future Portact le used:

for acions which will have taki place by a certain

‘une or before a certain action in the futur,

8 have prepared avenehing before thay arire on: Ft have prepared everthing by the bine they

3 The Future Perfect Continuous ie used:

to show the duration of an action up to a specific time in the future tự fụa o'clock, 1 have teen ciiving for about six hour

By the ened Of bexd month, we'l ave baon ving Io this city for twenty years

“TRANSITIVE and ÍNTRANSITIVE VEf Hare are some varbs that can be both wansitive and intransitive,

ured ny hand lighting the fre,

Don't use until ll after thes tense, Use by, by the time or before [until til can be used with the future perlect onty In nagative senlances, ‘won't have fntsied unt ten o'efock |

break "develop improve peut spreaa Duma’ nate faning burn finish” move roll tear bouguet o!

ook pang afer se NEEM red hel a cone me

PRACTICE

2 Pill the correct future tense,

1 What do you think you (do) this tine next year?

2 There is some doubt ae to whether or not the President {ettend) the launch,

I'm sure they {not land) by ten o'clock

By naxt Easter, my alder sister

Please inform me the moment the manager

you

We

Take a sandwich in case you

b Choose the correct answer

1 Whal tine is the perfomance

They're lo be lata they always are,

A bound B about According to the weather forecast, it tomorrow

A rains B Is golng to rain

| tests all morning tomorrow

‘A will be marking The nex me you A swear B will swear

Have you thought about how you Back the loan?

A wil have been paying Bare going to pay

B will have marked

Help! There's water all over the kiichon float! | think we've got a leak

Don't worry | ‘A ain calling ‘a plumber right away”

B all cal

at your teacher, I'l have na choice but to expel you

(ork) on her project for six months,

(artve, (wear) your neve jacket tonight, or can | borrow i?

{have} lasagne for dinner tonight Is alrsady in the oven

(g8 hungry later,

SIMILAR MEANING IN ANOTHER WAY

‘sludy INese examples

+ lim stil iting the memo, sĩ | haven finished (writing) ihe memo yet, sit

2 She's the best pianist Iva ever heard I've never heard euch a good pianist

| haven" heard 2 botar pani before

3 The last ime we went to Amsterdam was last yoar

{Wa haven't heen to Amsterdam since last year

4 started reading after ‘as soon as they {had} leftthe room

1 didn’t tart reading untl they ¢had) left the room

| started reading when they (had) left the room

+L waited unl they (had) left he room before |

+ Stated reading, [Nat untl they (had) left tha room cd I start reading

5 (baught this fridge ten years ago have had thls trdge for ten years

6 How long ago did you buy thet fat? Howr long hag It haan since you bought thal flat?

How long ie it singe you bought thal far?

7 We have never been to China before Ite the first time we have ever beer to China

PRACTICE

Comalete the second sentence eo that it has @ similar meanlng to the fr

‘word given, You cust use botween three and eight ord,

1 began washing up after they had gone to bed

‘ni

children had gone to bed,

2 Our college has never held & Halloween party

before

time

It

‘a Halloween pany

3 While | was tuning my guiter, the sling broke

that

kt

the sting broke

4's weeks since | last tumed on the computer

not

| haven't epokon to her for a month

I's a month since | (est) epoke to her

‘She started washing her car an hour ago, Sha has been washing her cat for an hour I's been an hour since she started washing her After Honry (had) finished his essay, he made a cup af tea

Henry, having tirlshed his essay, made a cup of

tạ, Hing ral have a feeling tl rain, bumped Into Clara while | was on my way home

{twas while [wae on my way home bit | bumped ina Clare

When dla ne last phone you?

\Whan was the last time he phoned you?

‘There is no doubt that she'l win the race She Is bound fo win the rave,

using the word glven Do not change the

8 ts the most absurd story Ive ever heard such

Ite had won a medal in thet spo

10 How long ago did you find out the wuth?

te How long

the wah?

11 There's no daubt she'll be released from prison

bound She

‘fom prison

12 The last time he came to visit us was sik months

ago

vehed Hew

0% monte,

Extra Transformations

‘Complete the second! sentence so thal it has a sinviar meaning tothe firs, using the word given Do not change the

| word given, You must use belwean thres and eight words,

1 Such behaviour is unforgivable

the puzzla in three minutes

8 “The fridge was complataly arnply, she sald

(eft

There :

in the fidge,’ she said

4 That jurnper you knitad for my niace na longer

fits her

grown

My niece

Jumper you knitted for her

‘Well, after the death of the dictator, they lived in

peace

wal

they ted In peace,

8 She gets on wel with all ner students

for the suffering of ethers

9 Tho Prime Minister saw fi to make a statement

approprtats

The Prime Minister

statement

40 She has agreed lo help al the patty committed

In the tong run,

1M The rtrd he was arwlous about the ph | ofthe hemes concern

Tha minister bold the light af the hemdlese

46 Though i looks bad now, i be OK in the end, nun

‘though it looks bad now

46 Only if you werk hard naw do you have any chance of success,

18 He's unlikely to come to the party doubt

it «

to the party

Advanced Language Points

‘2 Right or Wrong? Correct whera necessary

1 You must get more practice on the use of tansas

4 Wellve in the outskirts of the town,

5 We ware very lucky with the weather while on

holiday

6 The government has declared a temporary

wage fteeze to combat rising inflation,

7 “All drinks are from me tonight

© What's the differance?

The game is up

‘The game Is over

‘Spot the mistake

1 Pointing to people 1s vary rude,

2 The newmarned couple went to Rome for their honeymoon

2 She acted fram her own Initiative and enrolled

on Spanish course

4 We had to request for more help

atch the following to make thved phrases

1

3 hard and © square

4 high and mils

S mecteand — „ | đ sound

6 sgle and @ furious

tt Use one of the pluases above to complete the sentence

1 There are no rules to doing business; just let your instincts guide you

2 I's no use just siting there all

¡you haven't tooled any of us you know

8 I dont really ke Brian He’s a it 109

tor my liking,

| will only agree to play cards with you i you promise to pley

5 Itwas such a ralle to see the children back

after the outing

6 Since they invested in stocks and shares, the money has been coming in

4 Gus tne masculine fore of _- | Complete for down, ono tho following, thee-word phrasal verbs, using: vi

> hove 1 its ume ws ex on our spending,

23 hestese ten 2 When he told her about his engagement, she was 6 ots she hug up hin

5 duchese 3 ve completely SVEN UP ns YOU!

9 barmaid 4 Don't wor stand up you

7 eplnter a 5 Hescome with a very bad cold

8 20 6 f€ don eo tp 8 6lulon, ell be

1 Sirr meaning -terntprapoatons Fil inthe covet prepoction fro

7 Lets do ay ain the formats, shall we?

1 according

in accordance @ [couldn't believe it! He just walked off

2 Inaction ontop my cgareHes 7

3 blame eb putthe blame 83

danger ES

sk 4} | bit | chuck | pick | piten | sick T slip

5 gananl đá! |bea| che pean] peach | soak! steep]

‘the whole ——_

wat now

the hee of my noviedgs Tick the tame which can follow the word in capitals, 7

Make nouns trom these words using the a

suffix: -hood, dor, -shlp ‘a reputation

Fin do, make, give oF take

1s the washing (up) 8 so & 828

2 a request 9 sha favour

4 3b pammission 4 ‘8b a discount

5 sh redundant 1ế avisk

6 complaint 8 ‘one's coneent

7 the lead “ a pratt

1 Complete the ventencee with the phrasee below

L Rave Hin one, nave itn for eb, have H outwith sb, have had , have sb on

1 Linas determined to before the sluatlon gat any worse, even though

ha was trying to avoid me

2 He was great - I didn't know he

3 She must ~ she doas nathing but eilse you all the time,

Judges, ibesuties, hair, stairs, ink, dust, houses

11 Alter climbing sic fights of 1 he opened the door and collansed into the nearest armchair

ENRICH YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Note the use of by in the following structures

1 He missed the train by ten minutes 6 By the look of the sky itis going te rain

2 We want from Liverpool te London by Coventry 7 They are both civil enginaars by profession

3 It's ten past five by my watch 8 The polea searched the area house by house

4 The bullet missed him hy hwo inches 9 By law you are a chikd until you are 18

The rooms ten metres by four 10 I swear by Almighty God thet its tru

oF

n7

Part 2 Language Development

A VERBS, ADJECTIVES, NOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS,

4 Compete the sentences with one ofthe peptone > below

‘ver om, of, to, 19, with +1 She was so absorbed her work that

she didn't heer me come in,

2 My parents abstain aloohol

3 Aoeee some parts of the nuclear

power plant is resticted

Choose the correct prepostion,

4 According hor new theory, we are all 6 Is there an alternative for! to this solution?

doscandad trom sxtraterrestals! 7 | appealed to at the police far help, but they

5 Tm not accustomed such rowdy ‘gnoted me

behaviour, 4 My parents clit approve In fof my dacision to

leave school at the ags of sixteen

6 Are you acquainted the new lau? 9 She has a great aptitude for / with that kind ot ba

7 Atthe and af the tial he was aoquitled In

mưrde 40 Many difficulties rove for from the new palley

@ Unfortunately, she is addicted gambling

9 tis vital you always adhere your

prlaciples

10 As she already knew French, ehe had an

advantage tha rest of the class,

B IDIOMS

2 Match the Idloms with thelr defitions

1 be above one's head in

2 get above aneselt B be too ficult to understand

lai © not know someone at ll

ever and above D behave in a sily way

eae E think one ie betler than one actually Is

5 2210 fogl F be in a difficult position

7 actions speak louder than words Omer

8 net know someone from Addam như

9 add insull to injury

time and again

i -L what someone does is more important

T than what someone says

_

Explain what the idioms used in the sentences mean

4 Good ideas don't come out of thin ait

2 Dont listen to him - he's Al of hota

3 Our holiday plane are stl up inthe ait

4 Don't ony; Ole Jack fs til slive and Kicking

4 The ghastly figure vanished into thin a

“6 hima al'sea when it comes to maths

7m teling you once and forall to get an with your

8 Bo an angel ancl help me with this case, will you?

© He's the apple of my eye, fm very proud of Alm,

40 Sha weleomed her long-lost brother with open

111 That drass is yours for the asking

12 The poflician must heve an axe te grind; he's brought up the petrol issue three times this week

A Ina good } better position

B without much waerung

and Julet

2 You are clearly in tis

‘matter and should pay compensation to the

injured pany

8 He is an adventurer

CORRECT OR INCORRECT?

Tick the comect sentanca(s}

4 a He won 25,000 on the pools

He won £5,000 at the pools,

What can you buy for two pounds?

‘What can you buy with two pounds?

‘What can you buy by two pounds?

Put inlo frst gear,

Put in the frst gear

Putin frst ger

fst sight at hand, at heart, at large

4 I keep my mobile phone clase 7

in case there's an emergency

5 Several escaped prisoners were sill

Its an epidemy

I's an epidemic,

b

2 He was sant to exe

b Ho was sent ino exile,

b He died on oxi He died in exie,

29

(7 account or provide an explanauon for 7 answerto match {correspond to

2 ectup not function properly 8 back down give up

3 not add up not make sense or seem logical back up support by previding a service

4 not agree with give ab indigestion (of foo) 10 back sb up give ang's support to

5 amountto be aqualto 11 back out withdraw

8 answer for acept blame for sth and possibly 12 beaftar look for

Be urate 5 Loa 13 beotl be absont irom school, work)

‘Complete the folowing sentences with the correct form of the phracal verbs,

1 ThaTVis again; wall

have to have it fixed

2 We couldn’, the change In

his attitude,

3 The papers have been signed: you can't

of the dal now,

4 IFMum asks where we were, wll you

5 The polee some robbers,

6 They said they had borrowed enough money, but

they’ now bankrupt; it

7 Don eat gaic it you

WORDS EASILY CONFUSED

2 Choose the correct word to complete the sentence,

1 Stress is a(n} factor in causing high blood

prassura and other health problems these days,

A major B essential

2 Itisnot advisable to your fealings t's

better to talk about how you feel

suppress: B oppress

3 I'm conoemed that | won't he able to make

cends ue tis month

A join B mest

4 Hels sald lo be in a orca and has basn

‘mavad to intensive care

‘Somebody rust the

‘graffiti on the schol walls Nobody the pollee description was found

She work today with a bad cola

Her reply flat refusal

‘The speaker's opponent was eventually forced to

oh ‘and withekawr fram the debate,

For things to run smoothly, we naod walning,

A effective B operative

‘She's in good health

A tully B perfectly Today's thancally times are werrying for many people,

A uncertain 8 unsure:

He @ great deal of pain immediataly after the

‘operation,

A sulfered B underwent

6 FHTinthe corract word In the appropriats form

ecraleh ! sorape fortunate lucky

1 James wasn’t looking In front of him and the

branches his face and arms,

Susan went to the job Interview, talang her

‘charm with her

4 The old man vhs head in & 3 The tenants had a escape as,

puzzled way atthe sight of the tatcoed bays thay left the building betora tha fre spread

4 denny fell anct her knees 4 She was in the position of not

having to work

Hy DERIVATIVES:

2 Complete ths table below

oro ‘Adjactive (+ opposite If existe) ‘Abstract Noun Concrete Noun

HT buildings are dangerous places for children to playin —

2 Your behaviour Is ‘You should be ashamed of yoursat ceepr

8 Not ll the files are ‘50 you may not be able to get all the information

4 There ara too many Jn food nowadays am

5 One of her sent her flowers on Valentine's Day, AE

6 The Judge euled thal the euldance was a there was no proof t had

88 Who worked on this ‘campaign with you? soveRTISE

9 Its to eat a heavy meal just hefore you go to bed, especialy if you

40 ‘The neve president promised he would make health care for poor families Arron

© All n the eotrect word each Hime

4 (Geaidemt, accidental, accidentally)

al pitt my coffee on Susan's new 1ug,

b The coroner recorded a verdlel of death

2 (Becompany, (unJaccompanied, accompaniment

‘8 The couple walked dawn the aisle ta the of the Wedding March

My citer is sil 100 young to go anywhere

3 (achieve, achlavablo, achievement achiever

She fet a wonderful sense of 'whẹn she passed her driving test

Ws elvays bast to get small goals

4 (Sadie, addicted, addictive, addiction

8 Heroinis a highly

bb Manin is seeking help for his drug substance,

5 (Gisjadvantage, (isjadvantageous, (disjadvaniaged

‘8 Having been brought up lì a(n) area, she received a poor education

Signing the peace treaty would be to both countries,

6 (Gisjegree, (dsjagresable, aisjagreement

Not wishing to gat caught up in thair pamy +1 got up and left the room, 'b We gpent the bast part of the day trying fo come up with @ solution that both patles would flnd

7 (Glienaie, alieneted, ellenaton, olen )

2 Jealous of Sarab’s waalthy background, Simon tried t0 su . her from the group

b The scientist's ideas were lo modem thinking,

© (amuse, amused, amusing, amusement)

2 Tohis colleagues’ John ended up

taking the wrong briefcase hore,

bb ant say that | was particularly

by the antes iny young son got up to yesterday

A back on E behind © inwtn D out

2 Most people apply at least two of pain! whan dacorating

A stages B coals, © levels D courses

3 Ona day 7 go to finishing this project

A over B round © about Dup

4 The information he can provide wil hopefully more light on ths alfloul ease

A shine B reflect © direct D shed

5 Use a sharp 10 cut the cat

A blade B point © metal D ste!

6 Jackie has had more than her fai of alnltg opporlunluoe A share B helping € entitlement —D portion

7 1 10 accompany him to the theatre A agreed B accoptad © acquiesced admitted

8 Several people agreed to in the organisation of the party A support B aid © partake =D assist,

9 Ono yesr aller the crime was commited, there is stl litle aft being solved A demonstration B sign € token D mantestaton

10 My brother gave me no help with the cooking, A whatsoever B however nonetheless © In so far

11.1 myself on being a careful diver

A pleaee 5 prlde © comment D boast

12 | had some tỉme to befote the performance, so I looked round the shops

A attack B KỈ! ¢ strangle D hàng

2 Flllin he corract word Inthe appropriate form

[as ra | © wooden, wooded]

1 Ifthe opportunty 1 ley to speak 1 The table fs obviously much better

to him about it than the metal one

2 She tha glass ta her lps 2 Evary summer, we go camping in &

~The number of psople buying second-hand ee Coe

‘ears rather than new ones is 8 He's avery actor — | carrt imaging

4 When my class gets noisy | have to k2 020

|) 1 Tiycome otis cream tkeeps he skin rely + menmaoempaetapateuenypeseel vost tual fe the egHteen'

mm Di sim nimteeiet he hai bem cle

=. 2: What nas youraourte Inthe tn?

—. - pterolee 4 te ante place coul look tke inmy mind of wha he

2 Fill n the correct verb in the appropriate form

4 Abigh wall

2 tis about time the authorities made sure that

the ban was actualy

tha prison

4 He

wat was declared vain the army as soon as

4 | couldn't work cut how to use the machina

and no one was able lo me,

8 Those who were had tite

‘choie but to eo as they were to,

4 Complete the sentences withthe correct fotm ofthe ‘ord given

1 tis practicaly impossible for ilegal

to find 3 well-paid job in the country they have moved to,

2 Many gypsies are choosing 10

Canada as they have heard they will enjoy a

better quality of lte there, |

D]PERSECUTE

41 Wa must puta stop to the ot

ethnic minorities in our country

we)

2 Adalf Hitler can bs cansiderad ane of the main

‘of the gypsies

5 Fillin the correct verb in the appropriate form,

Pepper, spice, curry

1 Although his French is quite good, it ands to

Be ‘wth English words

2 His publisher advised him to up the account of ris travels with a number of funny anacdotas

3 Poitcians wil da anything t favour with voters

feel strong feelings because of sth

b be travelling from one place to another take a particular course of action tty 28 hard as possible to do sth bury

3 After only a year in Leeds, the family

again

4 When the music stopped, the children playing the game had ta stand sil,

5 We

8 She always walis for somone else 10

instead of doing so hersett

Part 4 Reading & Use of English

2 You aro going 16 read a shor article about gypsies, {wo sentences of wich have been removed, Read the text

and decide whieh two gaps (1-4) the sentences have been removed trom,

Thay ae often referred ta as Europe's largest

minority and, totaling some sic million, can be found

in almost every country here, Their numbers are

highest in Romania and the rest of the Balkans, but

they can also be found as far away as Iretand Thay

have resisted changing thor Ifestyle for over six

hhundred years, but singe the end of the First World

Việt, the gypsies, or tha Roma, a many call

themselves, have increasingly been forced to give up

‘thelr wandering lfestyles and saltla Inte some bare

resemblance of modern European life Yet, despite

‘is, they ara sWll seen as outsiders

They see nothing unusual in that: it has been that

way for a6 long as they remember, (1) Ms

due to this insularity, however, that they have

managed fo retain their identity in the hundreds of

years since they anived in Europa

‘Where they came from mas for many years subject to

rumour and lagend; they have no wrillen ar oral

history, and had in the past a tendency to create =

history that worked to helt best advantage in

Europe 2) ‘Thus the old practice of caling

themeelves plgime (te juetfy their travelling ways)

‘and algo ‘the last tribe af Irae!’ slacking for Zion

Iis also responsible for the name they are known hy,

“gypsy! coming for the word ‘Egyptian’; with their

dark skin and strange ways they were mistaken for such by Christan Europe

It was net until the nineteenth century that the resemblance was noted hetwveen their language and that of many Indo-Iranian dialects in north-west India

® Its thought that they were originally a tnbe that lef the sbrtlyhlararchical casta system thal

‘was (and sills) part ot Incian life traveling through Persia and Asia Minor and Into Europe In this respect, they are Ike a losttribe, ahways on the move, looking for a home,

No promised land, however, awaited them Despite

an intial welcome, laws were soon being put in place

to ban their music and practices, and generally atack {He wandering ways, (9) managed to keep to the travelling le, adapting SH, Most slighily to the county they happened to find themselves In while keeping thelr own ways alle,

‘So Its that they have tended to take on the religion

of the region they have settiad in (a wise precaution against the widespread religious persecution they must have witnessed in their early years in Europe}, They take words from the local language into their

‘own, or use the language but pepper it with aypsy words,

{A In the Balkans, under the auspices of the Ottoman Empire, they were enslaved,

B Indoad, they adimit lo belng party responsible, in the sense that they think of themselves as a people apart; you are letter Roma or whal they call “gadfe" (non-Feomal

1b Now anewer the falloing questions,

11 What do we understand about the Roma in the frst paragraph?

A Their ifeslyles resemble thal of madern Europeans

B Thay arg slowly decreasing in number

© They have only been in Europe since the Fist World Wer

D They ara reluctant to give up ther travelling ways

2 According to the writer, why did the early Foma tend to be vague

bout their origins?

{A to disguise the fact thet thay ware pilgrims

B to gain local acceptance

© to hide the fact that they were lost

to avoid being mistaken for Egyptians

35

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer {A, B, © or B) best fits each gap

BORN IN THE WRONG ERA Fred had grown up wanting to be a cowboy; the fact that he lived in a emall town outside Londen in te letter

half of the twentieth century dĩd liMe to (1) hờ hopa So it was that every job he tied ater leaving school

left him (2) : somewhere deep inside him remained that chilchood ( for Ife on the opan range and

sleeping under the stars

By the tima ha was twenty-five, he had quite a sum of maney put (@) and surprisad family and fends by

announcing his (5) fo travel the world fora few years something quite extraordinary in his (6) of trian

There were no more real cowboys in the US, he found, and he () taveling through South America tn

“Argentina, he found the gauchos ~ cowboys ef the southern part of tha continent Those childhood creams stined wihin him, and by (} wilpower, he eorvinoed a ranch owner to take him on Seen, he was ving out

his fantasy, andl we heard very ile from him until ten years had passed

1 A-extinguich 8 shaler dim D spo

2 A best B cold ¢ numb D alone

3 A desire 6 hanket covert D yeaming

4 Aup B down 6 apat D aside

5 Ainlention Ð me8ig larget D purpose

6 A circle B area © company —D field

7 A finished off 8 ended up € endedofD fnishedup

& A total B mere © sheer D unter

The Red Planet has yet to (8) up its secrets and stil evokes awe and inspiration in tha

intregid explorers who dream thal one day they will set (10) sone OM TS mysterious fety surface

The reality, of course, Is quite alfferant; even with the (1Í) modern 21st-century technology

43) science can provide, and the sharpest minds in the field, a round trip to Mars would

Impose quite terrible hardship (19) suns the unlortunate crew members who were chosen to

undertake the frst mission The mialn problem wouldnt necessary be the time scale — (14)

only a very dediested and determined crew would be prepared to endure a mission that is

05) to take more than six years and, moreover, be (18) sna OF Surviving it

Na, the sain problem would be apcimatlsing to the ving conditions on board the eral

———

_

Part 3

For questions 17-24, read the toxt below Use the word given in capitals atthe end of some of the lines 19 form a word

thot fits In the space inthe same line

A CHILD PRODIGY Wolfgang Amadeus Mazart (1758-1791) was (17) over the most prolife composer of te (18) pefod His cuss works include twenty-five plano concertos twenty-three string

quartets, thirty-five vin sonatas, and more than fony symphonias, al tha (19) of a genius whose long list of creare (20) wore rade within a short Ifelime, Influenced scmeve

by Haydn, among others, Mozart's music shows great ei) sncunn t0 the preserlbed norms of classicism, being xowene characterised by (22) Cf form and melody Mozart Pure hhas bean the (23) for generations of composers mire after him and his works are stil among the best-seling classical music

foday Who doesn't have an immediAle (8) 10 the atsor strains of Eine Kleine Nachtust, not to mention the many well-loved arias trom his operas, of which he composed many superb examples?

Part 4

For questions 25-20, complete the second sentence ‘word given, Do not change the word given, You must use between three and sight words, Including so tha It has 2 similar mearing to the fst sentence, using the the word given

25 Unfortunately, he's fat broke these days

penny Unfortunataly, he name these days,

26 Anne doesn't have her own phone at he moment as she's just moved house,

on Anne at the moment as she’s just moved house,

27 Will you ever find time to fx that top?

ound Will YOU ever se vo that tap?

28 This essay is bettor than your last one

improvement This essay your last one,

29 Carol hadn't been feoling particularly wall, sa she decided to go to the dactor’s

weather Carol z ‘50 she decided to go to the doctor's

30 John really cei't know what he was supposed to be dong

talntost don ‘what he was supposed to be doing,

7

Part 1

'Grammar - Transformations - Advanced Language Polnte Grammar

A ADJECTIVES / ADVERBS

1 The following words are both adjectives and adverbs: hard, f96,lale, high, deep, low

‘She runs fast

‘She's a faot canner

nore

tHe hardly ever goes to the opere

haven't seen hint lately

She's highly sid

oan highly recommend it

We're doepty shookedt

2 Adjectives whien and in (ealy, bretherly, Sily ugly et) normaly fern ter adverbial

form using naan manner Way Ha spoke tous n'a endl ey

3 Tha verbs taste, smell and sound are tolowed by an adjective and not an adverb

This mat smais bad (Wor Bay]

‘This mulk tastes sour

Iesaunds wondart

4 compare: 8 The fim was disappointing i boring ?

Interesting, etc

bb We were disappointed : bored} interested, et [Adjectives ending in ng describe what

‘something is like or the efloct thas on one

adjectives ending in ed describe how ane fess

‘sbout something]

8 The structure the + adjective is used with

groups of people such as;

the deaf, the bind, the old, the young, the rich,

‘the poor etc, ‘he blind must be given special care

sư: The / A blind man knocked on the door and

ơi: Fre-te-bline- soaked ]

PRACTICE

2 Correct all the ventences,

4 Do yourlke going to the theatre?"

“Yas, but | go rarely

2 Ihyvas a gold opportunity

3 Ma 2 most fascinated lecture,

4 Thoy greeted thelr guests frlendly

3a

6 _ The gofonhanoe was most itaresting

7 Adverbial fonns:

@ playful playfully ‘expensive - expansivaly (ovr true « truly]

b gently » gently [evt: whole - wholly) ©_ happy _+ hạppl [eur: shy - shyly] 4 scientife > scientlically [eur: puble- publicly

8 Adverbs of frequency (ahways, never, usually often, ec} are used belore the main var and fete the vert to be! and modals We rarely go out to eat

Wa are rarely af hame on Saturdays fur: these advers come belore modals /

"uxllarlee m short answers ‘Do you treo hin with his homework?"

Yes, Falways do”

9 The adverts cheaply, loudly qulekly, slowly anc fightly are often used without -ly in everyday English Fur quickiy)! Drive siowriit

410 The words hourly, daily, weekly monthiy and yearly ccan be used sither as adjectives or adverbs { atend weelly meetings Meetings are hele at,

ven)

+ When the folowing words ending in -ed are used 88 adjactives, the -ed eyllable ls pronounced fi Wor fa}

aged essed, orcoked, dogged, leamed, naked, ragged wicked, wretched

2 stk stocking ur: sity hat 2 gold watch sin gion memoriseS baachos

2 Stone oor su: a stony fook | sence

2 the fist ovo days ! months, ee Ivor: tee fst day)

5 The soup tastes avdully Oo you think i's edible?

6 A number of poor lve in my street

7 An early morning walk can be invigorated,

8 White Ugors seldom are seen nowadays,

a cố ằ— —-—————— —

1

b Choose the correct answer

11a upset by the news

A deep 8 deeply

2 These playgrounds are hound to appeal to

A young, B the young

3 WHy did you get home so lastnight?

1 as adjective + ng Tin afirmative or intoragative sentences]

My brother is as tal as me

not as! 60 2 a8 [in negative sentences]

My brother isnot 60 fas tft as me

2 comparative + and + comparative The dog grew Sater and fate

Tings a8 geting mare anc! more osicut

2 the + comparative the + comparative The less we siaap, the mare thed we get Tha harder you study, the beter you wil become

2 nol such aan es Itis not such a dificult exercise as we thought the same as sur: similar to: infeior ‘is jacket is tne same as mine / supedor to

6 profer + gerund (or noun) + fo + gerund (or noun) [general preference]

1 preter reading books to listening to music

‘on: J prefer reading books rathe than stoning 4o music

7 would prefer + 10 + inintive + rather than + (to) Infipie Tđprefer to read a book rather than (to) steno

8 Tw (Ihree times, ele.) a a6 ‘She paid tice 2s much a3 dic

9 do! any + comparative [in negative and interogetive sentences]

Can't you tak any quieter?

She seams na bentor than yesterday

10 Before the comparative we can also use a bit, alot, fr:

Let's go by bus; i's alot choaper

He eves fer too fast

7 Forthe days, the weather was vary good

A fistthree ——B three first

8 Theres a masting which everybody must allend,

12 tarthar {further (adverbs) are used for places or dielanoee:

?eayft ualk an Íanher fodher, Juriner (aaj, / adverb) can also be used aang ‘more { extra! addlwonal’

There wil be no further delays

lớn loehetdotaye.]

1 much + adjective In the comparative degree: He's uch beter now

Inet: He's very better now.)

2 much too + adjective /alverb 1 much 120 hat forthe baby, too much + uncountable noun ‘oti too much coffe,

3 My older} alter brother is @ dentist yr; fm older than ey brother