tai lieu on tap 12 theo chu de

Read the following pasage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.. SNACKS A[r]

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TOPIC 1: CULTURES PART 1: READING PASSAGE 1:

Use context clues to guess what each word in bold means Choose the words with similar meanings from the box.

1 The custom of drinking hot chocolate at breakfast is popular in Spain. 2 The singer

wrote an apology to her fans after canceling her show. 3 She gave

them a gift to show her gratitude for their help. 4 We

adapted the recipe so that it would be healthier than the original. 5 Some poor

families could not afford a large meal every night.

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions

TEA CULTURES AROUND THE WORLD

In some cultures, tea drinking is a social event with specific customs China and the United Kingdom aretwo countries with formal, well-developed tea cultures

In China, there are ceremonial customs for every aspect of tea drinking, from filling the cup to thanking thepourer A tea drinker can thank the server by tapping the table with the index and middle fingers In Chinesesociety, tea customs can express a range of emotions Offering tea to one’s elders, for example, is a way of showingrespect In other situations, pouring tea for someone can be a form of apology On the other hand, a newly married

couple may serve tea during their wedding ceremony to express gratitude to their parents for all the sacrifices they

made raising them

In the United Kingdom, tea culture is closely tied to the workday schedule Afternoon tea, Britain’s

best-known tea ceremony, started in the 1840s It usually happens between 4 and 6 p.m but can be somewhat earlier orlater It is a time for conversation and relaxation, when people take a break from their day Traditionally, afternoontea was taken with a light snack of pastries and sandwiches The tea itself, usually from India or Ceylon (which isnow known as Sri Lanka), was served in a silver teapot and china cups Afternoon tea is still sometimes servedformally today, but it is just as often served informally High tea is a variation on afternoon tea originally adapted

for working-class families who could not afford a proper dinner It happens slightly later in the day and is served

with food more substantial than pastries and sandwiches

In China, tea customs are a means of emotional expression In the United Kingdom, they break up theworkday schedule and give people an opportunity to socialize and rest But these traditions are disappearing in bothcountries as time goes by What purpose do tea customs in your country serve? Are these customs still followedtoday?

1 What is the passage mainly about?

A how Chinese tea customs inflenced the United Kingdom

B the similarities between Chinese and British tea ceremonies

C reasons why tea is such an important beverage around the world

D how tea is consumed in two particular societies

2 The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to .

3 The main purpose of the fourth paragraph is to

A show that tea customs have a very long history

B explain that the meaning of tea drinking varies by culture

C point out that China and the United Kingdom have much in common

D explain why tea customs in China and the United Kingdom are disappearing

4 The word “tied” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _

5 Why do couples serve tea during their wedding ceremony in China?

A to thank their parents for raising them B to show thanks to each other

C to offer respect to the wedding guests D to express their love to the public

6 Which is NOT true about the United Kingdom’s tea culture?

A It is inflenced by the workday schedule B Tea times happen in the afternoon or evening

C Only wealthy people observe the tradition D Food is generally served

7 What can be inferred about afternoon tea?

A It was started to make people work longer

B It used to happen earlier in the day than it does now

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C It is rarely served in an informal setting.

D It is not consumed with a heavy meal

Read the following pasage and choose the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks

China and the United Kingdom have well-developed tea cultures In China, tea drinking often has ceremonialcustoms , and the offer of tea can express different emotions Offering tea can (1) respect to one’selders , act as an apology, and can also be an expression of (2) during a wedding ceremony In the UnitedKingdom, tea drinking is (3) _ to the workday schedule Afternoon tea is a time for relaxation andsocializing Typically, it is served with light snacks High tea (4) _ took the place of dinner for working-class people It happens later in the day (5) _ afternoon tea

Choose the best words to fill in the blanks.

1 Students made to help those people whose homes were destroyed by the flood

2 Because she didn’t speak the language, she had no _of communicating

3 My sister offered me a(n) for the mistake she made

Choose the words with SIMILAR meanings to the underlined words.

4 At the beginning of the ceremony, the speaker asked people to take their seats.

5 This bus is specially adapted for tourists.

6 The school lunch program helps students who cannot afford good meals.

Choose the words with OPPOSITE meanings to the underlined words.

7 At graduation, the students looked very mature in their formal clothes.

8 The weight of the desk was substantial, so we needed help to move it.

9 The whale showed its gratitude after a diver freed it from a net.

Complete each sentence with one of the words from the box.

10 Everyone in the room was _ their feet to the beat

11 In Sweden, many _ are closely related with the seasons

12 If you want to , you’ll have to do it after class

PASSAGE 2:

1 Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago 2 The new president

is trying to implement his election promises 3 Different areas of China have their own unique dialects .4 The company has evolved over recent years into a global organization 5 The principal observed our class to see how well we were learning

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THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE HOW LANGUAGES CHANGE AND DIE OVER TIME

Did you know there are about 6,000 to 7,000 languages in the world? It is hard to grasp that so many uniqueand distinct languages exist What makes language even more unique is that languages can change over time, andsome may even become extinct The language, or languages, that you speak now may be very different in thefuture

Language changes depending on what region a speaker lives in, his or her level of education, gender, age, andsocial status Because language is dependent on society, social changes can cause languages to change Forexample, in the 1950s, people started to use “Ms.” to refer to a woman instead of “Miss” or “Mrs.” Like “Mr.,” theword “Ms.” doesn’t show whether or not a woman is married New inventions and technology are another reasonwhy languages change The words “television” and “computer” did not exist in the English language until theseobjects were invented

Then how can languages become extinct? When the last speaker of a language dies, the language ceases toexist The Bo language, for example, became extinct in 2010 when its last speaker died And even more recently, a

Scottish dialect called Cromarty became extinct when its last speaker died in 2012 There have been many other

languages around the world that have become extinct over time Language experts estimate that about 50% to 90%

of the languages spoken today will become extinct within the next one hundred years

That is why people are working to preserve endangered languages Google has developed and implemented the Endangered Languages Project website to save more than 3,000 endangered languages from vanishing Through

the website, speakers of the same language can connect through social media, audio, and video to try to keep thelanguage alive People can also use the site to try to learn new languages With so many languages already extinct,

it is important to preserve the ones that are left for future generations.

How about the language in your country? Has the language changed over time? Have new words been created?

Pay attention to the language around you so that you can observe how it evolves and keep it from becoming extinct.

1 What is the main idea of the passage?

A Language is totally dependent on society

B People are trying hard to preserve endangered languages

C Languages change and can become extinct over time

D Words like “television” and “computer” did not exist until recent times

2 The main purpose of the second paragraph is to _

A provide background information on new inventions

B show examples of new words entering a language

C explain how languages become extinct

D describe technological effects on society

3 The word “vanishing ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A disappearing B sorting C confusing D applying

4 Which is NOT true about language?

A There are about 6,000 to 7,000 languages in the world

B The Bo language became extinct in 2010

C People are trying to preserve endangered languages

D Over 50% of languages became extinct in the last hundred years

5 Why did people start using “Ms.” in the 1950s?

A It sounded good when used with “Mr.”

B It was easier to write than “Miss” and “Mrs.”

C It did not tell whether a woman was married or not

D People thought it made a woman look more educated

6 The word “ones” in paragraph 4 refers to _.

7 What can be inferred about Google?

A Google is helping endangered languages become extinct

B Google wants to make money from endangered languages

C Google thinks it’s important to save languages from extinction

D Google is the best site to use to search for endangered languages

Language has become a vital part in human’s civilization and evolvement There are about 6,000 to 7,000languages in the world Languages can change or become extinct over time Language is dependent (1) society , so social changes can (2) languages to change New words can be added because of newinventions and technologies A language becomes extinct when the last speaker of that language dies The Bo

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language and a Scottish dialect called Cromarty both recently became extinct Language experts (3) thatabout 50% to 90% of the languages spoken today will become extinct within the next one hundred years.(4) , some people are working to preserve languages For example, Google is trying to save (5) _languages from becoming extinct with their Endangered Languages Project website.

Choose the best words to fil in the blanks.

1 My aunt will have a baby, but she doesn’t know the yet

2 A language may have different depending of the areas where it is spoken

3 Pandas are a(n) species that may disappear in the future

Choose the words with similar meanings to the underlined words.

4 It was easy for me to grasp the meaning of the poem in our literature class.

5 The teacher implemented a new way of taking tests.

6 The scientist observed how the monkeys acted in the zoo.

Choose the words with opposite meanings to the underlined words.

7 The way people communicate has evolved because of the Internet.

8 The dodo bird is an animal that became extinct in the 17th century.

9 My friend from the countryside has a very distinct accent.

10 The southern of the country are warmer than the northern ones

11 Many people believe success is on hard work

12 The social of women has improved a lot over the past hundred years

HOMEWORK:

When naming a child, some parents seem to choose a name based simply on their personal preference In otherfamilies, grandparents or professional name-makers come up with a child’s name And in some cases, the time of achild’s birth influences how the child’s name is determined

In many European cultures, names are typically chosen by parents Parents’choice for their child’s name may

be based on names of relatives or ancestors within their particular family For example, in Italy, children are traditionally named after their grandparents The parents generally use the father’s parents’ names first If they have

more children, then they will use the mother’s parents’ names Similarly, some people in Eastern Europe name their

children after relatives who have died This tradition is seen as a means to protect the child from the Angel of

Death

Traditionally in some Asian countries, a child’s grandfather or a fortune-teller chooses the child’s name Incontrast to the tradition of naming children after relatives, the child’s name is chosen to influence the child’scharacter For example, names may be based on a connection to certain elements such as fire, water, earth, wood, ormetal Or the name might include a written character meaning beauty, strength, or kindness

In certain African cultures, when a child is born plays a large part in determining the child’s name In Ghana’sAkan culture, the day a child is born determines the child’s name But each day has different names for boys andgirls For instance, a boy born on Friday is named Kofi, whereas a girl born on the same day is named Afua BothKofi and Afua are names meaning “wanderer” or “explorer.” Children with these names are seen as travelers

No matter where the name comes from, a child’s name is the first gift in life Whether it is chosen according to

preference or dictated by tradition, the name reflects something about a child’s culture For that reason, all names should be treasured and respected.

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1 What is the main idea of this reading?

A How names reflect a person’s culture B How Asian people name their children

C Choosing traditional names D Choosing names in Italian culture

2 In which culture are children most likely named after their grandparents?

3 In which culture do grandparents most likely choose the child’s name?

4 The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _.

A Italian children B European cultures C relatives D ancestors

5 In China, what should names relate to?

A A child’s ancestors B A child’s birth date C A child’s birth element D A child’s personality

6 Which is true in Akan culture if a twin brother and sister are born on a Friday?

A They will have different names B They will have to travel to a different city

C They will both be named Afua D They will both be named Kofi

7 The word “dictated” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to .

PART 2: GRAMMAR & STRUCTURE

VERB TENSES Task 1: Give the correct forms or tenses of the verbs in brackets

1 This room (paint) since I was born

2 What you (do) if you (be) a billionaire? –I would take a trip into space

3 Tom said that he (lose) his motorbike the day before

4 If the lecturer last night _ (be) Dr Mason, I would have listened carefully

5 No sooner (he, arrive) in Rome than he was kidnapped

6 By September next year I (work) here for ten years

7 My grandfather died after he _(be) ill for a long time

8 He won’t goes home before he _(finish) his work

9 A number of political prisoners since Independent Day

10 The story I’ve just read (write) by Jack London

Task 2: Choose the best answer to complete the blank in each of the following sentences.

1 By the end of this month, I English for 6 years

A have learnt B will have learnt C had learnt D learnt

2 I _Tom with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along well with each other

A won’t bring B wouldn’t have brought C Didn’t bring D hadn’t brought

3 When we got home, dinner , so we had a drink first

A was preparing B had been prepared C was being prepared D was prepared

4 We have learned English since we _in the sixth form

5 The preparations _ by the time the guests _

A had been finished / arrived B have finished / arrived

C had finished / were arriving D have been finished / were arrived

6 When I _to visit her yesterday, she _a party

7 In five more minutes, they _for three hours on the phone

A are talking B have talked C will have been talking D will talk

8 If she _ the train last night, she _ here now

C had taken / would have been D had taken / would be

9 Would you like to go to the movies tomorrow? – Sure By then I my exam

A will finish B finished C will have finished D have finished

10 They good preparations before they _ their final examination yesterday

11 By the year 2020, many people currently employed their jobs

A will have lost B will be losing C have lost D are losing

12 If I _that there was a test yesterday, I would have revised my lesson more carefully

13 Helen asked me _the film called “ Star Wars”

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A have I seen B have you seen C if I had seen D if had I seen

14 By the end of next year, Mr Park for this company for 35 years

A will work B will have worked C has worked D will be working

15 Jim, why don't you take some time off? You _too hard lately Take a short vacation

A were working B have been working C are working D worked

16 By the time you received her letter, she in Paris

A has arrived B would have arrived C had arrived D arrived

17 If I had studied harder at school, I _successful in my life

18 I feel very tired I in the garden for the last two hours

A have been working B worked C have worked D had been working

19 No sooner the news she fainted

A she had heard/than B had she heard/when C did she hear/when D had she heard/than

20 She said that she _ for five hours

A had been driving B has been driving C drove D would drive

Task 3: Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning in comparison with the original one.

1 I haven't seen my aunt for years

8 I haven’t met her for three years

=> The last time I

9 The last time when I saw her was three years ago

=> I haven’t

10 He started learning French six years ago

=> He has

Task 2: Choose the best answer to complete the blank in each of the following sentences.

1 We have lived in this district for eight years

A We moved to this district eight years ago B We have moved to this district for eight years

C We have lived in this district eight years ago D It’s eight years ago since we lived to this district

2 I didn’t go to bed early, so I didn’t wake up at 7.00

A If I went to bed early, I would wake up at 7.00 B If I had gone to bed early, I’d not have woken up at 7.00

C If I went to bed early, I would have woken up at 7.00 D If I had gone to bed early, I’d have woken up at 7.00

3 I didn’t meet him yesterday so I couldn’t tell him about that

A I met him yesterday so that I could tell him about that

B If I hadn’t met him yesterday, I couldn’t have told him about that

C If I had met him yesterday, I could have told him about that

D I could tell him about that because I met him yesterday

4 “The last time I wrote to him was in 1996”

A I haven’t written to him was in 1996 B I haven’t written to him was since 1996

C I haven’t written to him in 1996 D I haven’t written to him since 1996

5 It has been a long time since they met

A They haven’t met since a long time B They haven’t met for a long time

C They didn’t meet for a long time D They didn’t meet for a long time ago

6 She started working three months ago

A She had been working for three months B It is three months since she started her work

C It's three months that she worked for D She is working here for three months now

7 Without transportation, our modern society could not exist

A Our modern society could not exist if there is no transportation

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B Our modern society will not exist without having transportation.

C If there were no transportation, our modern society would not exist

D If transportation no longer exists, our modern society will not exist

8 He started computer programming as soon as he left school

A No sooner had he started computer programming than he left school

B Hardly had he started computer programming when he left school

C No sooner had he left school than he started computer programming

D After he left school, he had started computer programming

9 The last time my father played tennis was in 1990

A My father has played tennis since 1990 B My father started playing tennis in 1990

C My father hasn’t played tennis since 1990 D My father has started playing tennis since 1990

10 She started working three months ago

A She had been working for three months B It is three months since she started her work

C It's three months that she worked for D She is working here for three months now

11 I didn’t meet him yesterday so I can’t tell you anything about him now

A If I had met him yesterday, I could have told you something about him

B If I hadn’t met him yesterday, I couldn’t have told you anything about him

C I couldn’t have told you about him because I didn’t meet him yesterday

D If I had met him yesterday, I could tell you something about him now

12 I started working for the company a year ago

A I’ve been in this company a year ago B It’s a year since I started working for the company

C It’s the company that I started work a year ago D It’s a year that I work for the company

13 I last wrote to her five years ago

A I've been writing to her for five years B It is five years since I wrote to her

C Lastly, I wrote to her five years ago D Her last letter to me was five years ago

14 We couldn’t have managed without my father’s money

A Hadn’t it been for my father’s money, we couldn’t have managed

B We could have managed with my father’s money

C If we could managed, my father’s money would be there

D If we couldn’t have managed, we would have had my father’s money

15 This is the first time we have been to the circus

A We have been to the circus some times before B We have never been to the circus before

C We had been to the circus once before D We haven't been to the circus often before

16 She had only just begun to speak when people started interrupting

A She hardly had begun to speak when people started interrupting

B Hardly she had begun to speak when people started interrupting

C Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting

D She hadn’t begun to speak when people started interrupting

17 He had just finished eating his breakfast Then he fell down

A Hardly did he finished eating his breakfast when he fell down

B Hardly he had finished eating his breakfast when he fell down

C Hardly had he finished eating his breakfast when he fell down

D Hardly have he finished eating his breakfast when he fell down

18 My sister didn’t leave the car key, so I couldn’t pick her up at the airport

A If my sister left the car key, I would pick her up at the airport

B If my sister had left the car key, I would have picked her up at the airport

C If my sister have left the car key, I would have picked her up at the airport

D If my sister had left the car key, I could pick her up at the airport

19 She helped us a lot with our project We couldn’t continue without her

A Provided her contribution wouldn’t come, we couldn’t have continued with the project

B Unless we had her contribution, we couldn’t have continued with the project

C If she hadn’t contributed positively, we couldn’t have continued with the project

D But for her contribution, we could have continued with the project

20 The lecture started Right after that, I entered the lecture hall

A No sooner had the lecture started than I entered the lecture hall

B After I entered the lecture hall, the lecture started

C Entering the lecture hall, the lecture started

D Before the lecture started, I had entered the lecture hall

21 The manager contributes generously As a result, I can continue my plan

A Had it not been for the manager’s generous contribution, I couldn’t continue my plan

B The manager’s generous contribution gets my plan continue

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C But for the manager’s generous contribution, I couldn’t continue my plan.

D Should the manager contribute generously, I could continue my plan

Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

22 It hasn’t rained since several months so our crops are going to die out

1 She is a very aggressive player She always tries hard to win

2 After a lesson, you should practice to reinforce what you have learned

3 It is never acceptable to hit another player

4 If you think negative thoughts before the game, you will lose

5 Honesty and hard work are values everybody respects

6 His parents did not allow him to join the school’s soccer team

ARE SPORTS BAD FOR KIDS?

People think children should play sports Sports are fun, and children stay healthy while playing with

others However, playing sports can have negative effects on some children It may produce feelings of poor esteem or aggressive behavior in children According to research on kids and sports, 40 million kids play sports in the US Of these, 18 million say they have been yelled at or called names while playing sports This leaves many children with a bad impression of sports They think sports are just too aggressive.

self-Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression

in children’s sports They believe children copy aggressive adult behavior This behavior is then further reinforced through both positive and negative feedback Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually

look up to them Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that winning is

everything At children’s sporting events, parents may yell insults at other players or cheer when their child

behaves aggressively As well, children may be taught that hurting other players is acceptable, or they may be

pushed to continue playing even when they are injured In addition, the media makes violence seem exciting.

Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television

As a society, we really need to face up to this problem and do something about it Parents and coachesshould act as better examples for children They also need to teach children better values They shouldteach children to enjoy themselves whether they win or not It is not necessary to knock yourself out toenjoy sports Winning is not everything In addition, children should not be allowed to continue to playwhen they are injured Sending a child with an injury into a game gives the child the message that health is not asimportant as winning If we make some basic changes, children might learn to enjoy sports again

a make stronger d beliefs a person follows in life

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1 What is the main idea of the reading?

A Children often become like their parents B Children need to play sports in school

C Playing sports may have negative results D Some sports can cause health problems

2 How many children said they had some negative experience when playing sports?

A All of the children B More than half of the children

C Less than half of the children D About ten percent of the children

3 Which is described as the main cause of more aggressive playing?

4 The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to _.

5 What does the writer suggest?

A Aggressive sports should not be shown on television

B Children should not play sports until high school

C Coaches should be required to study child psychology

D Parents should teach children to play sports for fun and exercise

6 What would probably NOT be done when “facing up to a problem”?

C Admitting there is a problem D Looking for a solution

7 The word “cheer” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .

C respond to someone’s work D cry too loudy

Nowadays, a great number of parents let their children play sports at early ages because they believe that sports can

be (1) _ for children, but sometimes there are also negative (2) _ from sports For example,children who don’t play well may be called names or yelled at Sometimes, parents and coaches also teach childrenthat aggressive play is OK in sports Because of this, children may think it is (3) to hurt others in sportsand in life as (4) as they win Parents need to teach children that the main thing is to have fun rather thanfocus just (5) _ winning

Fill in the blank with one of the idioms in the box Change its form if necessary.

1 Even if I myself , I’ll never get an “A” in math

2 In school, children used to her like “Mop Top” or “PoodleHead” because of her curly hair

3 This is her favorite book She likes to read it

Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1 He working all night to finish the project

A called him names B figured him out C got rid of him D knocked himself out

2 The thing to remember is to remain calm during a fire

3 Her parents tried to teach her good

4 The animal will not attack you It is not

5 Many doctors swimming an excellent way to exercise

6 The exercises reuse words again and again This learning new words

7 We stayed up until talking on the phone

A in the name of B over and over C sooner or later D the wee hours

Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8 I don’t think this medicine is I still have a headache

call (someone) names over and over knock yourself out

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A effect B effective C effectively D affect

9 The coach will the award for the winning team

10 Try to exercise more often It’s good for your

PASSAGE 2:

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the underlined word or phrase.

1 Because he neglected his studies, he failed all his exams.

2 His parents forced him to break up with his girlfriend.

3 Studying English causes me a lot of frustration

4 Having good perception is important for doctors and detectives.

5 There are approximately 80 million people living in Germany.

6 Regular exercise contributes to a healthier life.

RIGHTS OF LEFTIES What do Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci, Julius Caesar, and Napoleon have in common? They were all left-

handed! Beginning early in history, southpaws were feared, neglected, and punished because use of the left was considered evil In fact, the Latin word for “left” is “sinister.” Due to this prejudice against the left, left-handed

people were forced to switch hands This change caused many problems for lefties in school, which resulted in

frustration, bad behavior, and high drop-out rates Maybe that is why lefties were stereotyped as unintelligent, an

idea that could not be further from the truth

Researchers studying the brain have found differences in the left side and right side of the brain Researchers

believe that people who use more of the left side of their brain tend to be more intelligent They also tend to use

language better and solve problems faster However, one study also showed that left-brain people tend to haveworse memories

So, which side of the brain do lefties use? Actually, both Right-handed people use the left side of the brainmore, whereas left-handed people use both sides of the brain almost equally The part connecting the two halves ofthe brain is usually larger in left-handed people Therefore, information can pass more efficiently from one side of

the brain to the other The left hemisphere of the brain controls speech, language, writing, logic, mathematics, and

science The right hemisphere controls music, art, creativity, perception, and emotion Since lefties use both sides,they are often both creative and scientific

Approximately ten percent of the world is left-handed, and the ratio of left-handed males to left-handed females

is two to one Thankfully, parents and teachers no longer treat left-handedness as a problem to be cured It may

actually contribute to a child’s excellence! If allowed to learn and develop in their own way, lefties will excel in

school Perhaps one of these lefties might turn out to be the next Einstein or da Vinci

prejudice: a bad feeling about, for no good reason switch: to change

drop-out: quitting school stereotyped: believed to be a certain way, for no good reason

A There are more right-handed people than left-handed people

B Left-handed people are good at music

C Left-handed people have larger brains

D Left-handed people are more gifted than once thought

2 The word “switch” in paragraph 1 is closest meaning to _.

3 The word “They” in paragraph 2 is closest meaning to .

A Researchers B Left-brain people C Left-handed people D Differences

4 For every 100 left-handed males, about how many left-handed females are there?

a awareness; the power of observation d about

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5 Which statement is true according to the reading?

A Right-handed people use the left side of their brain more

B Right-handed people use both sides of their brain evenly

C Right-handed people use the right side of their brain more

D Left-handed people use the left side of their brain more

6 Which of the following is NOT a result of forcing a child to change their handedness?

C Better handwriting D Doing bad things in class

7 According to the reading, right-handed people would be better at

A composing a symphony B teaching children

C developing a cure for cancer D helping people with emotional problems

Left-handers are the odd ones out Sure, lefties make (1) about 10 percent of the population — but,frankly, it seems like society has forgotten about them Just consider all of the right-handed gadgets, awkwardlydesigned desks, and cooking tools that fit comfortably only in your right hand What causes someone to become a(2) ? Scientists aren’t exactly sure, but research points to a complex (3) between genes andenvironment While no exact set of “leftie genes” have been discovered, people who dominantly use their left hands

do have more left-handed family members And researchers have found different brain wirings in righties vs.lefties But no matter (4) it is that drives someone to use their antipodal paw, science has also uncovered

a particular set of personality traits that left-handed people tend to have So for all of you lefties, leftie-lovingrighties, and ambidextrous folks out there — it’s time to brush up on your left-handed knowledge and help (5) an end to leftie discrimination once and for all

3 A collaborate B collaborated C collaboration D collaborating

1 Andrea and Jennifer both the love of the outdoors

2 Did his first movie to be a hit?

3 Lack of clean water disease

1 We have finished half of the report

A actually B approximately C thankfully D particularly

2 Teachers and parents should children to use their left hands

3 I use both hands

A equally b thankfully C unfortunately D specifically

4 There’s no reason to me to do it now I’ll do it on my own later

5 Are you tired of doing the dishes? Let’s !

6 He thinks that rich people can’t be trusted He has a against them

7 The teacher the “C” students in class He spends all his time with the “A” students

8 This math problem is very

A frustration B frustrate C frustrating D frustrated

9 His lack of made it difficult for him to do his joB

10 Thank you for your to the project

A contribute B contribution C contributing D contributed

HOMEWORK:

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The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers asboys But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a majornew gender gap in technology.

Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Woman says, "Girls tend to be less comfortablethan boys with the computer They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than todiscover new ways in which to understand information."

After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University women researchers foundthat girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes Girls consistently rate

themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers And they use

computers less often than boys outside the classroom

The instructor of this computer lab says he's already noticed some differences Charles Cheadle of CesarChavez School says, "Boys are not so afraid they might do something that will harm the computer, whereas girls areafraid they might break it somehow."

Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girls' computer usage was falling behindboys Karen Gould says, "The number one reason girls told us they don't like computer games is not because they'retoo violent, or too competitive Girls just said they're incredibly boring."

Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what'sgoing on in their own lives Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, "What we definitely found from girls isthere is no intrinsic reason why they wouldn't want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing."

The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this, the technology gender gap that separates the girlsfrom the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the 21st century

1 In this sixth grade classroom, you would find _

A only boys allowed to use the computers B only girls allowed to use the computers

C no computers in the classroom D both boys and girls allowed to use the computers

2 By the time students are in high school,

A many boys have lost interest in computers

B both boys and girls are very interested in computers

C computer science classes are filled with girls

D many girls have lost interest in computers

3 The research on girls and computers

A is based on a few articles B presented by one person

C is based on thousands of studies D has no facts to support it

4 Computer software seems to be _

A more interesting to boys B more interesting to girls

C equally interesting to girls and boys D interesting only to adults

5 The word “they” in paragraph refers to

6 The software company seems to think _

A if girls had an equal chance at playing games, they would like computers

B if the software was more violent, girls would like it better

C if the software content was changed, girls would be more interested in computers

D if the characters were funny, girls would like them better

7 The gender gap needs to be closed because

A it isn't fair that boys use the computers all the time

B there isn't enough money for computers

C the ability to use the computer is important in today's world

D the pot is boiling

PART 4: SPOKEN ENGLISH INVITATION AND SUGGESTION

A INVITATION:

Lời mời (invitaion) Chấp nhận (Accepting) Từ chối (Refusing)

Would you like…

Would you be interested in Yes, I’d love toThat’s very kind of you, thanks

What a great idea, thanks

No, thanksI,d love to, but

I really don’t think I canI’m afraid not

B SUGGESTION:

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Đề nghị (suggestions) Đáp lại(Response)

I suggest/think you should

It might be better to

We/You ought to

If I were you , I would …

I (don’t) think we/you should

I was thinking exactly that myself

Sounds good (to me)

OK, let’s do/try that

Yes, let’s do that

You’re right

That’s a good idea

It’s a good idea, but

But what if ?The only thing / problem is

1 Hung: “Would you like to have dinner with me?” - Lam: “ .”

A.Yes, I’d love to B I’m very happy C.Yes,it is D.Yes,so do I

2 Nam: “Are you coming on Saturday?” – Mary: “ .”

A I’m afraid not B I’m afraid not to C I’m afraid to D I’m afraid I don’t

3 Minh: “Would you like some more tea?” – Daisy: “ ”

A Yes, please B Here you are C It doesn’t matter D I’m OK

4 Tom: “Would you like a cup of coffee?” – Rose “ ”

A Yes, thanks a lot B No, thanks you C Yes, please D No, you are welcome

5 Nga: “Let’s meet for a coffee tonight.” – John: “ ”

A I hope not B I’m afraid I can C Yes, let’s D Yes, thank you

6 Alice: “ What shall we do this evening?” – Carol: “ ………”

A Let’s go out for dinner B Oh, that’s good!

7 Don and Tom are talking about a plan for tomorrow evening

- Don: “Listen, Jerry and I wanted to go bowling tomorrow night Would you like to go with us?”

- Steve: “ , but actually I’ve really got a lot of homework to do.”

A It souds like fun B Are you kidding C Yes, I like What time D What nonsense

8 This afternoon Hoa is visiting her home town

Mark: “Don’t fail to send your family my regards” Hoa:

A You’re welcome B It’s my pleasure C Good idea, thanks D Thanks, I will

9 Ann’s mother is cooking in the kitchen

Ann: "Do you need any help?" Ann’s mother: " "

A No, thanks I can manage B I haven’t got a clue

A How are things with you, Mike? B What about playing badminton this afternoon?

C Mike, do you know where the scissors are? D What’s your favourite, tea or coffee?

11 - Alice: “How about having a drive to the countryside this weekend?” -Mary: “ ”

A That’s a good idea B Not at all C No, thanks D Let’s go

12 Peter and Bob are talking about the plan for tonight

- Peter: “ _.” - Bob: “I’d love to Thank you.”

A Would you like to go to the new coffee shop with me?

B What would you do if you can afford a new car?

C Would you like a cake?

D Why do you spend so much time playing games?

13 - Charles: “ Do you fancy going to a movie this evening ? ” - Lisa: “ ”

A I’m sorry I don’t know that B Not at all Go ahead

C Not so bad And you ? D That would be nice

14 “Can you give me a hand on this?

A I have only two hands B No, My hands are busy now.

C Oh, sorry, I’m busy at the moment D No, I can’t I’m not very busy.

15 “Can I carry these suitcases into the room for you?” – “………”

A You can’t, I think! B No, you can’t C Yes, you can D Can you? That’s very kind

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TOPIC 3: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

PART 1: READING PASSAGE 1:

1 His muscles tensed as the doctor gave him the injection

2 Please don’t interrupt me while I am talking on the phone

3 I’d prefer green tea, but herbal tea is sufficient

4 Healthy people have better immunity to the flu

5 It is beneficial to exercise regularly and eat healthy food

THE EFFECTS OF GREEN TEA

Green tea has so many health benefits that some people think of it as a form of medicine Perhaps that is why the Chinese have been using it for more than 4,000 years to treat all kinds of medical problems Today, scientists know that there are several substances in green tea that have health benefits

Catechin is helpful for reducing cancer risk It protects the body from cancer-causing substances and slows the growth of cancer cells In addition to fighting cancer, catechin helps lower cholesterol levels and prevents serious health issues like heart attacks and heart disease

Caffeine causes the heart to beat faster, the muscles to tense, and the pupils to widen It was once thought that caffeine was not particularly healthy, but studies suggest that there are certain benefits to drinking caffeine Specifically, caffeine is linked with a lower risk for Parkinson’s disease and liver disease Yet, caffeine also has

some side effects It can interrupt sleep cycles and cause anxiety, so experts caution teenagers not to have more

than 100 milligrams of caffeine a day This is about the amount of caffeine in a small cup of coffee

Vitamin C is a substance that the human body cannot make in sufficient quantities So we have to get it through food and drink The vitamin has a hand in promoting immunity to colds and the flu Additionally, it helps speed

recovery from those illnesses

Theanine is another beneficial substance found in tea It has been shown to lessen stress, both mental and

physical, and increase mental abilities It is also used for preventing Alzheimer’s disease

As you can see, green tea has many positive values Drinking it may help you stay healthy Of course, as with any healthy substance, it is important to check if there are any side effects as well

A the use of green tea in Chinese medicine

B reasons to drink green tea instead of coffee

C the substances in green tea that have health benefis

D why scientists are interested in studying green tea

A explain the side effects of catechin

B provide details about the health benefis of catechin

C give background information about the medicinal use of green tea

D give examples of some of the nutrients found in green tea

3 The word “It” in paragraph 3 refers to _.

4 The words “has a hand ” in in the passage are closest in meaning to

5 Which is NOT true about caffeine?

A It helps prevent heart attacks and heart disease

B It widens pupils and tenses muscles

C It lowers the risk of Parkinson’s and liver disease

D People used to believe it was not very good for us

6 What do experts caution teenagers about caffeine?

A to have less than 1,000 milligrams of caffeine a day

B to not drink beverages with caffeine in the afternoon

C to limit themselves to a certain amount of caffeine a day

D to have no more than three cups of green tea a day

7 What can be inferred about theanine?

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A It is a substance that the body is able to produce.

B Its effect on the body is similar to that of caffeine

C Drinking it lowers your risk of certain types of cancer

D It can be used for treating anxiety

Green tea (1) substances that have health benefits Catechin is one such substance It helps thebody fight cancer and lowers cholesterol levels Caffine is a substance that increases heart (2) In thepast, it was not believed to be healthy Now we know that it lowers the risk for Parkinson’s and liver disease Vitamin C is a substance that we get (3) _ food and drink It helps us avoid getting sick and help usrecover when we do Theanine is a substance that affects mental as well as (4) _ health It lessens stressand improves mental abilities Green tea is very healthy (5) _, with any healthy substance, it is alsoimportant to know if there are any side effcts

1 The average person’s heart 70 times a minute

2 Last night, our power was because an electrical pole was hit by lightning

3 People should always read the of a medicine before they start taking it

4 The news anchor cautioned everyone to stay away from windows during the storm.

5 He seemed happy with the quantity of ice cream after getting a second scoop.

6 “I’m afraid to check my grade,” Joel said with a look of anxiety on his face.

7 I could feel myself tense up as the man walked toward me.

8 Even with the drought, the town had sufficient food to make it through the winter.

9 You’ll fid it beneficial to begin on your essays before Friday.

10 Maya stayed home from school because she had the

11 The pain will if you take this medicine

12 Scientists are studying people who have a natural _to the disease, in hopes of fiding a treatment

PASSAGE 2:

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the underlined word.

1 It is essential to use tomatoes when you make salsa.

2 There is a lot of controversy about cloning.

3 One of the difficulties surrounding farmers is farm products from other countries.

4 The company pays a lot of taxes to legally bring goods into the country.

5 Her letter mentions that her mother is sick.

6 The Spanish conquered many other cultures.

helpless

a disagreement; discussion b necessary c with permission by law

d talks about; says briefly e near; related to f defeated and controlled

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THE MISUNDERSTOOD TOMATO

Do you enjoy eating salsa and chips? Or maybe you like having ketchup on your fries? Then, you must likethe essential ingredient in these sauces, tomatoes The tomato originally comes from South America and hasbeen eaten by people there for thousands of years Today, tomatoes are popular the world over However, whenthey were first introduced, there was quite a bit of controversy and worry surrounding them

Ancient Aztec writings mention recipes for dishes of tomatoes, peppers, and salt - probably the first salsa

recipe! Spanish soldiers conquered the Aztecs and brought tomato seeds back with them to Europe In Europe,

these yellowish tomatoes were first called “apples of gold.” For a long time, people in Northern Europe andNorth America did not eat these “apples of gold.” People were afraid to eat tomatoes because the plant lookedsimilar to the nightshade plant, a deadly poison German people even thought that if someone ate tomatoes, he

or she would change into a werewolf However, by the mid-1800s, people all over the world had accepted the

tomato as a good food to eat

Nevertheless, the tomato was due for more controversy Do you think tomatoes are a fruit or vegetable?Actually tomatoes are a fruit However, in America, tomatoes are a vegetable by law Why are tomatoes legally

a vegetable in America? In the 1800s, there was no import tax on fruit from other countries, but there was an

import tax on vegetables At that time, many tomatoes were coming from other countries into America, and

American tomato farmers became worried about making a living The government made tomatoes a vegetable

by law so that non-American tomatoes would be taxed

It is easy to tell that the tomato is really a fruit In fact, tomatoes are similar to berries Both have seeds

inside, and both grow from the flowers of a plant Both also have delicious flesh surrounding the seeds.

Tomatoes and strawberries are actually in the same family Tomato ice cream, anyone?

Aztec: a tribe that lived thousands of years ago in the Americas

werewolf: a person that changes into a wolf during a full moon

accept: to agree to

import tax: money that must be paid to the government for bringing goods into a country

flesh: soft inside; soft tissue

1 What is the focus of this reading?

A What kind of thing tomatoes really are B How to grow tomatoes

C The history of famous tomato dishes D Controversies surrounding tomatoes

2 What is NOT a reason why people didn’t eat tomatoes at first?

A They thought tomatoes could change them into monsters

B They thought tomatoes were poisonous

C They thought tomatoes were similar to a deadly plant

D They thought tomatoes cost too much to grow

3 The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to

4 What does the US government say tomatoes are?

C Both a fruit and a vegetable D Neither a fruit nor a vegetable

5 How are tomatoes like strawberries?

A They grow on trees B The inside parts are similar

C Tomatoes do not grow very big D Summer is the best time to pick them

6 The word “make a living” in paragraph 3 is closest meaning to .

7 What is the most likely reason why people first called tomatoes “apples of gold”?

A Tomatoes were very expensive B Tomatoes tasted delicious

C Tomatoes were a color like gold D Tomatoes came from South America

Tomato originated in Central and South America The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word tomatl gave rise tothe Spanish word "tomate", from which the English word tomato originates

Numerous varieties of tomato are (1) grown in temperate climates across the world,with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year and in cooler areas The plants typically grow to 1–3meters (2) _ height and have a weak stem that often sprawls over the ground and vines over other plants It

is a perennialin its native habitat, and grown as an annual in temperate climates An average common tomato (3) approximately 100 grams

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Its use as a food originated in Mexico, and spread throughout the world following the Spanish colonization

of the Americas Tomato is (4) _ in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes,sauces, salads, and drinks (5) tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinaryvegetables, being ingredients of savory meals

1 Before I lost my job, I used to as a photographer

2 We a federal election soon

3 , no one under 19 can vote

1 I really like to eat sunflower

2 The _ of peaches are bigger than those found in many other fruits

3 How many problems are there the new program?

4 I had a lot of about my final exams

5 The political caused the president to lose the election

6 Is there a for that disease?

7 The reports a new product

8 A(n) thing to do in learning a language is to practice often

9 That fruit was from Thailand

10 The Aztec nation had to give a lot of gold to Spain

HOMEWORK:

What happens to all the millions of computers, electronics, and cellular phones that are discarded everyyear? Electronic waste, also known as e-scrap or e-waste, refers to electronic devices or machines that have beenthrown away E-waste poses a real problem because some people believe it contains hazardous chemicals andmaterials that are harmful to the environment

This problem is significant as the amount of e-waste seems to be getting very large In 2007, for example,

the United States’ Environmental Protection Agency or EPA (a government body that enforces environmental

laws) estimated that about 41 million computers were thrown away that year They also claimed that the UnitedStates alone produced around 3 million tons of e-waste Worldwide, it estimates that 20 to 50 million tons of e-waste are generated every year

UNEP (United Nations’ Environment Programme) has estimated that e-waste could expand by 500 per cent

in the next 10 years Fast-changing technology and the speed at which electronics and computers become obsoleteare partly to blame for the quick increase in e-waste over the years Older computer processors, for example, arereplaced quickly as faster ones come along and enter the marketplace New forms of media storage such as CDs,MDs, and MP3s, have also contributed to the growth of e-waste The recent switch from cellular phones tosmartphones in many regions of the world has also created a bigger e-waste problem

Although a small percentage of e-waste is recycled, most of it (about 70 per cent) goes to landfills andincinerators According to many scientists, when e-waste ends up in landfills, many of the hazardous

content leaches into the land and this can be harmful to the local underground water supply If e-waste is burned in

law

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an incinerator, the metal it contains may release toxic chemicals into the air This has the potential to negatively

affect the food chain and may even be directly harmful to human beings

Many countries have attempted to “solve” the problem of e-waste by exporting it to other countries North American countries often export their e-waste to China while Europe does the same to India and Pakistan Although the export of e-waste is illegal in many countries, many governments either refuse to enforce the law or they claim

it is too difficult to enforce

1 According to the article, what is Electronic waste also known as?

A e-scrap or e-waste B hazardous chemicals C v-scrap or v-waste D none of the above

2 The word ‘enforces’ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:

3 According to the article, how many tons of e-waste does the United States produce?

A around 3 million B around 20 million C around 41 million D around 50 million

4 What is the main subject of paragraph 2?

A The hazardous nature of e-waste

B The growing amount of e-waste produced each year

C How e-waste disposal might harm people and the environment

D The large amount of e-waste produced in the United States and the world

5 What does “this” refer to in paragraph 4?

A metal B e-waste C the food chain D toxic chemicals in the air

6 The word ‘leaches’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to:

7 According to the article, how do North American and European countries deal with their e-waste?

A they transport it to other countries B they try to hide it in the countryside

C they recycle the majority of their e-waste D governments refuse to enforce the law

8 What would be a good title for this passage?

A Pollution and E-waste

B The Growing Problem of Electronic Waste

C Planned Obsolescence and the Electronics Market

D The Illegal Export of Electronic Waste to Other Countries

PART II: GRAMMAR & STRUCTURE

CLAUSE & PHRASES

Task 1: Look at the following sentences and pick out the grammatical structure used in each sentence

The exercise is very difficult I can’t complete it

 The exercise is very difficult, so I can’t complete it

 Because the exercise is very difficult, I can’t complete it

 Because of the difficult exercise, I can’t complete it

 The exercise is so difficult that I can’t complete it

 So difficult is the exercise that I can’t complete it

 It is such a difficult exercise that I can’t complete it

 Such is a difficult exercise that I can’t complete it

 The exercise is too difficult for me to complete

 The exercise is not easy enough for me to complete

 If the exercise weren’t difficult, I could complete it

 Were this exercise not difficult, I could complete it

Task 2: Write the following sentences with the words given

1 The house is very expensive We can’t buy it

 Because

 Because of

 The house is so

 So expensive

 It is such

 Such is

 The house is too

 The house isn’t cheap

 If

 Were

2 The weather was very cold We couldn’t go swimming

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 Because

 Because of

 The weather was so

 So cold

 It was such

 Such was

 The weather was too

 The weather wasn’t warm

 If

 Had

 If it

 Had it

Task 3: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1 Betty left the dormitory and moved to another place the noise

2 The Vietnamese boy was regarded as a hero he dedicated his life to his country

3 Emily is motivated to study _ she knows that a good education can improve her life

4 Joe seemed to be in a good mood, _ he snapped at me angrily when I asked him to join us

5 Some people really enjoy swimming _ others are afraid of water

6 Many people delay having children they are too busy earning a living

7 It was midnight, _the restaurant was still open

8 The concert was cancelled, we went to a nightclub instead

9 We live in the same building, we have hardly seen each other

10 _ we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong

Task 4: Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

1 We couldn't answer those two difficult questions

A Those two difficult questions couldn’t have been answered

B Those two questions were so difficult that we couldn’t answer them

C Those two questions were not enough easy to answer for us

D Those two questions were too difficult for us to answer them

2 He smokes too much, so he can’t get rid of his cough

A If he smoked so much, he might get rid of his cough

B If he didn’t smoke too much , he could get rid of his cough

C The reason why he can’t get rid of his cough may be that he doesn’t smoke too much

D He can’t get rid of his cough, which results in the fact that he smokes too much

3 He behaved recklessly, so he would be disqualified from keeping his last job

A Had he not behaved so recklessly, he wouldn't have been fired from his last job

B If he hadn’t behaved so recklessly, he hadn't quit his last job

C Without his reckless behaviour, he would lose his last job

D He didn't quit his job because he knew that he had behaved so recklessly

4 My sister is often sick because she doesn’t do physical exercise

A If my sister did physical exercise, she wouldn’t be sick so often

B If my sister wasn't physical exercise, she would do sick

C If my sister does physical exercise, she won’t often be sick

D If my sister isn't physical exercise, she does sick

5 The boy didn’t prepare for the test today; therefore he can’t finish it on time

A If the boy had prepared for the test today, he could have finished it on time

B If the boy prepared for the test today, he could finish it on time

C If the boy prepared for the test today, he could have finished it on time

D If the boy had prepared for the test today, he could finish it on time

6 The coffee was too hot for me to drink

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A The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it B The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink

C The coffee was so hot that I couldn’t drink it D The coffee was so hot that I could drink it

7 The furniture was so expensive that I didn't buy it

A The furniture was very expensive that I didn't buy it

B The furniture was too expensive for me to buy

C The furniture was too expensive for me to buy it

D The furniture was too expensive that I didn't buy it

8 The coffee was too hot for me to drink

A The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it B The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink

C The coffee was so hot that I couldn’t drink it D The coffee was so hot that I couldn’t drink

9 Even though some events were cancelled, thousands of people attended the festival

A No matter how many people attended the festival, some events were cancelled

B In spite some cancelled events, thousands of people attended the festival

C As some events were cancelled, thousands of people attended the festival

D Despite the cancellation of some events, thousands of people attended the festival

10 Jenny is so creative that we all can rely on her for original ideas

A Being creative, we all can rely on Jenny for original ideas

B Creative as Jenny is, we all can rely on her for original ideas

C So creative is Jenny that we all can rely on her for original ideas

D Jenny is such creative girl that we all can rely on her for original ideas

Choose the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

11 My father couldn't go to my sister's wedding party He was so ill

A My father was so ill that he could go to my sister's wedding party

B My father was so ill that he couldn't go to my sister's wedding party

C My father is too ill that he can't go my sister's wedding party

D My father is so ill that he couldn't go to my sister's wedding party

12 She never responded to the invitation we sent We assumed she wasn’t coming

A She never responded to the invitation we sent; however we assumed she wasn’t coming

B While we assumed she wasn’t coming, she never responded to the invitation we sent

C She never responded to the invitation we sent, whether we assumed she wasn’t coming

D As she never responded to the invitation we sent, we assumed she wasn’t coming

13 The news was wonderful As a consequence, we decided to have a celebration

A It was such a wonderful news that we decided to have a celebration

B We decided to have a celebration so that we heard the news

C We decided to have a celebration so as to hear wonderful news

D It was such wonderful news that we decided to have a celebration

14 The demand was so great They had to reprint the book immediately

A They demanded that the book be reprinted immediately

B So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately

C The book would be reprinted immediately since the demand was great

D They demanded to reprint the book immediately

15 She helped us a lot with our project We couldn’t continue without her

A Provided her contribution wouldn’t come, we couldn’t have continued with the project

B Unless we had her contribution, we couldn’t have continued with the project

C If she hadn’t contributed positively, we couldn’t have continued with the project

D But for her contribution, we could have continued with the project

16 Mary got wet She didn’t have an umbrella

A Mary didn’t have an umbrella However, she got wet

B Although Mary got wet, she didn’t have an umbrella

C Mary didn’t have an umbrella, so she got wet

D Mary got wet, but didn’t have an umbrella

17 The student was very bright He could solve all the math problems

A He was such bright student that he could solve all the math problems

B The student was very bright that he could solve all the math problems

C He was so bright a student that he could solve all the math problems

D Such bright was the student that he could solve all the math problems

18 Their dog was fierce Nobody would visit them

A So fierce a dog did they had that nobody would visit them

B So fierce was their dog that nobody would visit them

C Their dog was fierce enough for anybody to visit them

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D If their dog weren’t fierce, somebody would visit them.

19 The news was wonderful As a consequence, we decided to have a celebration

A It was such a wonderful news that we decided to have a celebration

B We decided to have a celebration so that we heard the news

C We decided to have a celebration so as to hear wonderful news

D It was such wonderful news that we decided to have a celebration

20 I strongly disapproved of your behavior However, I will help you this time

A Although I strongly disapproved of your behavior, but I will help you this time

B Despite my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time

C Despite of my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time

D Because of your behavior, I will help you this time

TOPIC 4: ENVIRONMENT PART 1: READING PASSAGE 1 Use context clues to guess what each word in bold means Choose the words with similar meanings from the box.

1.An earthquake is a natural phenomenon that can happen in many places around the world

2 The child was full of curiosity about nature

3 If you drop a mirror, it will crack

4 Please pretend that you don’t know anything about it

5 The presentation included a video on the importance of wildlife conservation

THE GIANT ’S CAUSEWAY

A Mysterious Natural Wonder

Natural disasters can be devastating Earthquakes and hurricanes are examples of natural disasters They have killed a countless number of people and even destroyed entire towns and cities Although volcanoes can be equally dangerous, some volcanic eruptions have resulted in new natural landscapes

The Giant’s Causeway in County Antrim, Northern Ireland is one example of this phenomenon It is believed

that the Bishop of Derry discovered the Giant’s Causeway in 1692 The bishop then spread word of its existence to

others, and curiosity about this natural landscape has continued to grow.

According to one version of an Irish legend, the Giant’s Causeway was formed when a Scottish giant named Fingal came to Ireland to fight with an Irish warrior named Finn McCool The Irish warrior was much smaller, so

he tricked Fingal He pretended to be his own baby, and Fingal was afraid of how big the baby’s father must have been When Fingal ran away back to Scotland, he tore up the causeway behind him so that Finn could not follow.

However, scientists now know that the Giant’s Causeway is the result of volcanic activity The Giant’s Causeway contains about 40,000 columns made of the igneous rock basalt Antrim experienced heavy volcanic activity about

50 to 60 million years ago Molten basalt created a lava plateau This hardened and cracked as it cooled, and

columns were formed as a result

The Giant’s Causeway has been a popular tourist attraction since the 1800s The basalt columns are one of the most well-known features of the Giant’s Causeway Also, millions of years of weathering have caused certain structures to resemble objects, such as the Giant’s Boot, Giant’s Harp, and Giant’s Gate People come to this area from around the world not only to see the Giant’s Causeway but to enjoy the beautiful scenery along the coast Like any other natural wonder, steps must be taken to preserve the Giant’s Causeway Many people work as

conservation volunteers to help preserve the area and keep it clean Volunteers pick up litter, manage the paths,

and perform other duties It is important to preserve the Giant’s Causeway so that its beauty can be appreciated for years to come

A the danger of natural disasters

B how the Giant’s Causeway was formed and became popular

C famous Irish legends about warriors and giants

D the importance of preserving tourist attractions

A explain how people found out about the Giant’s Causeway

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B provide background information on the Bishop of Derry

C question who really discovered the Giant’s Causeway

D create interest in County Antrim, Northern Ireland

3 The word “he” in paragraph 3 refers to .

4 The word “litter ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

5 Which is NOT true about the Giant’s Causeway?

A It has about 40,000 columns made of basalt

B It has been a famous tourist attraction since the 1800s

C People come from all over the world to visit it

D It was formed by a devastating earthquake

6 Who spread the word about the Giant’s Causeway?

C people living in County Antrim D an Irish warrior named Finn McCool

7 What can be inferred about Finn McCool in the legend?

A He had never been to Scotland before

B He had fought with Fingal in the past

C He was not smart enough to fiht against Fingal

D He assumed he had little chance of winning in a physical fight

Volcanic eruptions have caused new natural landscapes A(n) (1) _ of this is the Giant’s Causeway inCounty Antrim, Northern Ireland An Irish legend says that Fingal, a giant from Scotland, came to Ireland to fightwith an Irish warrior, Finn McCool Finn McCool was (2) _ smaller than Fingal, so he pretended to be hisown baby This scared Fingal, and the Giant’s Causeway was destroyed when he ran away Scientists, (3) ,know that the area where the Giant’s Causeway is located experienced heavy volcanic activity 50 to 60 millionyears ago Columns formed (4) a result of a lava plateau hardening and cracking It became a populartourist (5) and is still known for its beautiful scenery

1 The Eiffel Tower is the most popular in Paris

2 The red paint on the side of the house looked almost pink because of

3 Johnny to be a ghost for Halloween

4 A rainbow is a beautiful natural phenomenon.

5 The strong warrior won many battles for his country.

6 Scientists are claiming that the new medicine will be able to cure countless diseases.

7 The devastating earthquake in China killed thousands of people.

8 The CD cracked into many pieces when I stepped on it.

9 People are raising money for the conservation of the environment.

Complete each sentence with one of the words from the box.

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10 A(n) fist spread the word about the Giant’s Causeway.

11 Some people believe in the of space aliens

12 Stone help keep the building from falling

PASSAGE 2:

1 Each ticket one dollar

2 Cell phone batteries are

3 He is trying to fix the car’s

4 This book had a great on me

5 I did some to find the lowest price

6 The from this car are polluting the air

7 Clouds are found in the lowest part of earth’s

8 The people get pimples at some point in their lives

THE FUTURE OF DRIVING Gasoline-powered Cars vs Electric Cars

Today, most cars use energy made by burning fossil fuels, like gasoline But there are many problems withfossil fuels, including high prices and air pollution For these reasons, people have been trying to find better forms

of energy to power their cars One of the alternatives to today’s gasoline-powered cars is the electric car Let’s take

a look at some of the differences between electric cars and gasoline-powered cars

of the battery

Cost

According to research, driving an electric car costs about 1.25 cents per kilometer, while driving a powered car costs a little more than 12.5 cents per kilometer This means that driving an electric car costs about90% less than driving a gasoline-powered car

Gasoline-powered cars can go much faster than electric cars An electric car can reach top speeds of only

160 km per hour, while some gasoline-powered cars can go faster than 480 km per hour

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1 What is this passage mainly about?

A the impact of fossil fuels on gasoline-powered cars

B the development of new technology to replace electric cars

C the comparison between electric and gasoline-powered cars

D the unexpected negative effects of electric cars on the environment

2 Which is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A Gasoline is a kind of fossil fuel

B Electric cars are cheaper to buy

C Electric cars are also responsible for creating CO2

D Recharging time depends on the size of the battery

3 How fast are gasoline-powered cars compared to electric cars?

A They are slightly slower B They have similar top speeds

C They are about ten times as fast D They are about three times as fast

4 About how much would it cost to drive an electric car for a kilometer?

5 Which can replace the word “alternatives” in paragraph 1?

6 The word “they” in paragraph 5 refers to _

A fossil fuels B electric cars C emissions D gasoline-powered cars

7 It can be inferred from the passage that electric cars

A have more benefits than gasoline-powered cars B can directly harm the environment

C cost about 90% less than gasoline-powered cars D can be recharged at home

There are some differences differences between electric cars and gasoline-powered cars Electric cars get theirenergy from electricity, (1) gasoline-powered cars get energy from burning fossil fuels Gasoline-powered cars (2) much more CO2 than electric cars What’s more, electric cars cost about 90%(3) to operate than gasoline-powered cars Electric cars are convenient because they can be charged inmany places But they also have disadvantages It (4) _ about six or seven hours to charge an electric car’sbattery , while you can fill a gasoline-powered car’s tank in less than five minutes And electric cars can only goabout 160 km per hour (5) _ the other hand, gasoline-powered cars can go faster than 480 km per hour

Choose the correct words for the definitions.

1 n the layer of air that surrounds the earth

2 n a gas or other substance released into the air

3 n the amount of money needed to pay for something

4 n study of something in order to nd information

5 adj ordinary or normal, not special

6 n the part of a machine that provides power

7 adj able to be re lled with electricity or energy

8 n a powerful effect that one thing has on another

Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1 When you _something, you provide it with more energy

2 A is place that provides energy for electric cars

A train station B gasoline station C charging station D bus station

3 A device that holds and supplies electricity is called a

4 If something happens _ , then it does not happen in a clear or straight way

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A falsely B indirectly C depending D immediately

Choose the correct number for the sentence below.

For these reasons, people have been trying to find better forms of energy to power their cars

Today, most cars use energy made by burning fossil fuels, like gasoline (1) But there are many problems withfossil fuels, including high prices and air pollution (2) One of the alternatives to today’s gasoline-powered cars isthe electric car (3) Let’s take a look at some of the differences between electric cars and gasoline-powered cars (4)

HOMEWORK:

The Exxon Valdez oil spill is one of the biggest environmental disasters in recent history On March 24,

1989, an oil tanker named the Exxon Valdez had an accident off the coast of Alaska Environmentalists estimatethat somewhere between 11 million and 38 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the waters of Prince William

Sound A spill of this size was unheard of at the time so few people were prepared with plans to deal properly with

it Another major problem was the remote location of the ship It was difficult for responders to get to Prince

William Sound in enough time to quickly clean up the spill before it became a major problem

Several other factors hampered the environmental clean-up of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, leading it to become a

major disaster In the early days of the spill, a private company attempted to use a special chemical mixture, called

a dispersant, to separate the oil from the water This didn’t work because there were not enough waves to mix the

dispersant with the oil and the water This led to an attempt to try and burn the oil off the water but the weather wasnot good enough to continue using this method The use of other chemicals on the spill was considered but theplans were abandoned for fear that these would be toxic and simply create a bigger environmental problem

The effects of the oil spill were both devastating and long-lasting Wildlife in the area was severelyharmed Somewhere between 100,000 to 250,000 birds died along with nearly 3,000 sea otters Scientists are stillunsure of how many fish were killed by the spill Oil washed up along the shoreline of the sound and destroyed

important microbes and bacteria essential for aquatic life to flourish A study conducted in 2003 showed that the oil

in the region had drastically increased the death rate of a variety of local species In 2010, the Americangovernment estimated that about 23,000 gallons of oil from the spill have mixed with sand and soil along theAlaskan coastline A 2014 study, however, provided some hope by showing that some species in the area arefinally recovering after more than 25 years

Environmental awareness of Americans drastically increased as images of the black oily waters werebroadcast nightly on U.S news networks Americans demanded new laws and better safety technology to prevent

this from happening again Despite these measures, oil spills still do occur It seems that meeting the world’s huge

demand for oil has sometimes come at a very high environmental cost

1 According to the article, when did the Exxon Valdez oil spill occur?

2 The word 'remote' in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:

3 The word 'this' in paragraph 2 refers to:

A the spill B a private company C a dispersant D the water

4 Which of the following is implied in paragraph 2?

A many of the ideas about how to clean up the spill were untested in real situations

B clean-up efforts were blocked by politicians who were scared to try different solutions

C few people were willing to travel to Alaska to help clean up the spill so it worsened

D the biggest problem in cleaning up the oil spill was a lack of money

5 The scientific studies from 2003 to 2010 show that:

A all of the oil from the spill has been washed away from the Alaskan coastline

B there has been a small increase in the variety of local species since the spill happened

C the ecosystem may be slowly recovering despite the huge problems caused by the spill

D the local species' birth rates have been decreasing every year since the spill happened

6 The word 'measures' in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:

7 According to the article, which of the following can be implied about oil spills?

A they are likely to increase in the future

B they will probably decrease in the future

C they will almost certainly continue to happen

D new technology will help to eliminate them in the future

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PART 2: SPOKEN ENGLISH COMPLIMENT AND OPINION

GIVING COMPLIMENT

Khen (compliment) Chấp nhận (Accepting) Từ chối (Rejecting)

I would like to compliment you

on…

I think your hair is

You really have …

Thank you It’s very nice of you

to say soI’m glad to like itThanks It’s a nice compliment

You must be kiddingYou’ve got to be kidding

I think so

I hope so

Really ?I’m not sure

I couldn’t agee

No, that’s wrong

I don’t think so

Choose the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

1 Mary: “That’s a very nice skirt you’re wearing.”- Julia: “ _.”

A.That’s nice B I like it C That’s all right D I’m glad you like it

2 Daisy: “I think it is a good idea to have three or four generations living under one roof.”

Tom: “……… Family members can help each other a lot.”

A It’s not true B That’s wrong C I couldn’t agree more D I don’t agree

3 Diana: “I didn’t know you could play the guitar so well Your tune was lovely!” – Peter: “………”

C You must be kidding I thought it was terrible D You told a kid I was playing better than that

4 Ann: “How well you are playing, Peter!” – Peter: “………”

A Say it again I like to hear your words B Thank you too much

C I think so I’m proud of myself D Many thanks That’s a nice compliment

5 Jennifer: “I believe that supermarkets are much better than traditional markets.”

– Katherine: “……… Each has its own features.”

A I couldn’t agree with you more B That’s completely true

C I disagree with you D I can’t help thinking the same

6 John: “How lovely your pets are!” –Linda: “………”

A Thank you It’s nice of you to say so B Really? They are always very nice

C Can you say that again? D I love them, too

7 Mai: “Wow, I’ve never seen such a nice cell phone, Nam.” – Nam: “………”

C Oh, I don’t know D Thank you I’m glad you like it

8 John: “Do you think that we should use public transportation to protect our environment?”

– Laura: “………”

A Of course not You bet B Well, that’s very surprising

C There is no doubt about it D Yes, it’s an absurd idea

9 Peter: “Your parents must be proud of your result at school.” – Anna: “………”

C Thanks It’s certainly encouraging D Of course

10 Monica and Mathew are talking about recycling

- Monica: “I think we should recycle these bags It will help protect the environment.” - Mathew: “ ”

A I can't agree with you more B It's rubbish We shouldn't use it

11 Nam and Mai are talking about Nam's matter

~ Nam: "I’m really tired I’m taking next week off." ~ Mai: " "

A Well, you must be telling a lie!

B Really? I don’t know what you are going to do

C That sounds like a good idea The break will do you good

D Take care, my love Have a nice weekend!

12 Lora has just bought a new skirt that she likes very much

- Jane: “You look great in that red skirt, Lora!” - Lora: “ _”

A No, I don't think so B Oh, you don't like it, do you?

C Thanks, I bought it at Macy’s D Thanks, my mum bought it

13 Peter and Marying are talking about her employer

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Peter: “Your boss looks like the aggressive type.” - Mary:“ ”

A You can say that again B Yes, he’s quite gentle

C Really? I’ve never seen him lie D Right He ‘s so quiet

14 George and Frankie are talking about their hobbies

George: “In my opinion, action films are exciting” - Frankie: “ _”

A Your opinion is exactly B Yes, you can do it

15 Peter is giving a compliment on Lucy’s hair

Peter: “What a great haircut, Lucy!” Lucy: “ _.”

A Thanks It’s very kind of you to do this B You think so? I think it’s a bit too short

C Oh yes, It’s very unfashionable D It’s my pleasure

TOPIC 5: ENTERTAINMENT PART 1: READING PASSAGE 1 Use context clues to guess what each word in bold means Choose the words with similar meanings from the box.

1 All players must follow the umpire’s decisions in baseball

2 E-mail revolutionized the way we communicate .3.Beethoven was almost deaf when he composed his greatest piece, the Ninth Symphony

4 James solved the problem, but he got no credit for it

5 The two paintings look so alike that it’s diffiult to tell which one is real

Have you ever seen hand signals in a baseball game? Without the umpire’s hand signals, it would be challenging to understand a baseball game *Hall of Fame umpire Bill Klem is given credit for first using hand

signals in baseball in 1905 However, there is evidence that hand signals were first used by a deaf baseball player,William Ellsworth Hoy, as far back as the late 1880s

William Ellsworth Hoy was born in 1862, and he was the first deaf superstar in Major League Baseball Hoy

played on seven different teams during his 14-year career in the major leagues Hoy received the nickname

“Dummy” because he was deaf, but he revolutionized the game of baseball forever with his genius idea.

Hoy began using hand signals when he played in Oshkosh At first, Hoy had to ask his coach what the umpire’scalls were While waiting for the answer, pitchers quickly struck him out before he could even attempt to hit theball That’s when Hoy came up with a system of hand signals with his third base coach The third base coach held

up one finger if it was a strike, and held up two fingers if it was a ball This enabled Hoy to concentrate on thegame, and pitchers could no longer throw surprise pitches Hand signals soon became popular with other players

and umpires, and they’re still used today However, teams today keep their hand signals secret so that other teams

cannot understand them

The hand signals used by umpires are different from those used by players This is because umpire hand signals

are supposed to be understood by both players and fans alike For example, an umpire raises his right arm, bends

his elbow 90 degrees, and makes a fist to call a strike To signal that a runner is out, the umpire makes a similarmotion to calling a strike, but also makes a short hammer motion with his fist When an umpire raises both arms toshoulder level, the player is safe

It’s hard to envision the game of baseball without hand signals Baseball players, umpires, and fans all owethanks to William Ellsworth Hoy, who proved that he was no “dummy.”

1 What is the main idea of the passage?

A Umpires and players use different kinds of hand signals

B Bill Klem is the most famous umpire in the history of baseball

C The baseball club in Oshkosh is known for striking many batters out

D A deaf baseball player changed baseball by introducing hand signals

2 The main purpose of the third paragraph is to

A describe the rules of baseball

B provide background information on umpires and players

C explain why Hoy fist began using hand signals

D compare the umpire’s hand signals and the third base coach’s hand signals

3 The word supposed in the passage is closest in meaning to

praise hard of hearing similar referee completely change

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A allowed B forbidden C surprised D meant

4 Which is NOT true about William Ellsworth Hoy?

A He was born in the 1800s

B He belonged to seven different teams during his career

C He started playing baseball at the age of 14

D He designed hand signals with his third base coach

5 The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to .

A hand signals B baseball players C players’ fingers D pitchers

6 How do umpires signal when a player is safe?

A They raise their left arm and make a fit

B They raise both arms to shoulder level

C They raise their right arm and bend their elbow

D They make a short hammer motion with their right fit

7 What can be inferred about Bill Klem?

A He retired from baseball in the late 1880s

B He was the fist umpire to be in the Hall of Fame

C He was not the fist person to use hand signals in baseball

D He stole the idea of using hand signals from William Ellsworth Hoy

Clear communication between the pitcher and catcher is (1) important to successful baseball.Obviously the catcher and pitcher cannot verbally communicate, so, they must communicate through a series of(2) signals The most common way for the catcher to relay a sign to the pitcher, or call a pitch, is usingthe fingers of his throwing hand The signal is given from the squatting position and the hand should be positionedbetween the legs and be back up against or close to your cup Watch that your hand is not too low or your signs will

be visible under your body The signal should be given with deliberate finger movements to (3) thepitcher to see the signs Do not give your sign too quickly or you will confuse your pitcher The catcher's legsshould be opened wide (4) _ so only the pitcher and middle infielders can see what pitch is being called Donot open your legs too far or the coaches from the (5) team can see your signs and relay the pitch to thehitter Your glove hand should be positioned to the outside and just below the knee of your left leg (for right-handedcatchers) to aid in blocking your signs

1 The man ignored the traffic _ and got injured in an accident

2 The _threw the ball and struck the batter out

3 He _ his success to his parents

4 The computer revolutionized the way people live.

5 Thomas Edison is given credit for inventing the light bulB.

6 We envision an equal society where there is no poverty.

Choose the words with opposite meanings to the underlined words.

7 The new employee had some genius ideas about advertising.

8 The man made a fist to show that he was angry.

9 Bill and Ted are not brothers, but they look very alike.

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10 The man could not hear music, but he could play the piano very well.

11 He turned off the TV so that he could on his homework better

12 The watched the pitch and called, “Strike!”

PASSAGE 2:

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the underlined word.

1 My grandfather started his own business I really admire him.

2 We can always ask her for help She is willing to help us any time.

3 Employees in fast food restaurants do not earn much money.

4 You can see famous entertainers walking on the street in Hollywood.

5 Please sign your name on the line.

6 I am worried about the test My score matters a lot to me.

Is there a famous person whom you really admire? Wouldn’t you love to have his or her autograph? You would

never throw that person’s autograph away because of your admiration for him or her However, some people

collect autographs even from people they don’t admire They just want autographs from any famous person Rather than collecting these autographs to keep, they collect the autographs to sell.

These days there are more than 20,000 people who collect autographs for the value the autographs might have

in the future Since these people are willing to pay a lot of money for an autograph, autograph hounds now hang

around sports centers, concert arenas, and chic restaurants trying to get autographs they can sell They can

sometimes make as much as $1,500 for one autograph In fact, one very successful autograph hound earns about

$100,000 a year There are also companies that buy and sell autographs One company, Profiles in History, says it

has the largest collection of entertainers’ autographs in the world, and earns more than $12 million a year! Someautographs from this company may cost under $100, but others can cost several thousand dollars

The price of an autograph depends on how rare the autograph is For example, famous people like AngelinaJolie and George Clooney sign a lot of autographs Therefore, their autographs are not rare and are not worth verymuch money On the other hand, Madonna and Nicole Kidman rarely sign anything This makes their autographs

rarer and more valuable Queen Elizabeth II almost never signs autographs, therefore, something with her signature

on it might sell for around $3,500 It doesn’t matter if the person is dead Elvis Presley and Napoleon signed manythings Their signatures are only worth $1,500 However, signed letters from Marilyn Monroe are very rare Theycan cost $50,000 each The highest price ever paid for an autograph was $750,000 for a letter written and signed byAbraham Lincoln

autograph: the signature of a famous person arena: a place to watch sports

signature: a person’s name as it appears when officially written by his or her own hand

A Collecting autographs is fun B Some autographs are rare

C Signatures of people who are dead are worth the most.D Collecting autographs can be a business

2 What does the price of an autograph mostly depend on?

A How hard it is to find the autograph B Whether the person is living or dead

C How many people admire the person D When the person wrote the signature

3 The word “rather than” in paragraph 1 is closest meaning to _.

4 Which is true about Profiles in History?

A It is an autograph museum B It has the most expensive autographs

C It is a book about famous people D It is a business that sells autographs

5 The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers _.

6 Whose signature was worth the most?

A Queen Elizabeth II’s B Abraham Lincoln’s C Marilyn Monroe’s D George Clooney’s

7 From the reading, what do you think an “autograph hound” is?

A Someone who buys autographs B Someone who gets autographs from famous people

a concerns; means d actors, singers, or dancers

c ready to do happily f respect; look up to

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C A famous person who signs many autographs D A dog that can sign its autograph

The majority of people assume an autograph is the same (1) _ a signature There are some veryimportant differences A legal signature can be anything at all and does not have to be legible As long as you signall your legal documents in the same general manner, it is binding in a court of law An autograph on the otherhand, must be legible enough to (2) _ your fans and it should not be confused with your signature As acase in point, a fan may hand you a pretty document and in your rush to get to an appointment, you might justscribble your name If you autograph it as if it were a book jacket, that shows you were there in your celebritypersona If that document happens to be an agent agreement or power-of-attorney contract, it can easily be arguedthat you did not legally sign it (3) _, if you use the same signature for both legal documents and fancollectibles, you may one day find yourself in a tight spot Consider as well, that an autograph should be(4) _ quick and easy to create That is why an aspiring author should practice it regularly After all, onceyou’re famous, you’ll (5) _ yourself facing a horde of adoring fans at the next convention and won’t havetime to think about it

3 A As a result B On the other hand C In addition D Likewise

Fill in the blank with one of the idioms in the box Change its form if necessary

1 Don’t the receipt You may need it

2 Sally usually the mall with her friends

3 Your grades how much you study

1 My friend coins He has a big jar full of them!

2 That woman is a famous actress Do you have a pen? Let’s get her

3 He is a popular singer He millions of dollars with his last album

4 I wanted to buy the autographed movie poster, but the was too high

5 You might not care about visiting your parents, but it a lot to them

6 Many tourists the chic café downtown to see famous movie stars

A are willing to B depend on C hang around D throw away

7 We are both to work late tonight to finish the project

8 She was an writer for years before she won the Nobel Prize for Literature

9 A few stars make millions of dollars, but most earn very little

A entertainers B entertainment C entertaining D entertain

10 Should I my name at the bottom of the page?

HOMEWORK:

Games People Play is one of the most popular psychology books ever written The 1964 book was very

influential and has sold more than 5 million copies worldwide since its publication Its author, Dr Eric Berne, talks

about healthy and unhealthy ways that people interact with each other.

He uses something called transactional analysis to shed light on the underlying human desires for power,dominance, love, and recognition that color our daily relations with other people We try to achieve these things byplaying ‘games’ with others A game, as Berne describes it, is a set of interactions with a hidden or unstated

motive It has a predictable ending that leads to the satisfaction of these goals.

throw away hang around depend on

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In each game or transaction, the players will take on one of three roles or “ego states” This can be theParent, Child, or Adult The roles that we take on helps to determine the way others will react For example, ateacher who takes on the “parent” role in the classroom by being very strict towards students will elicit a “child”role from the students Subsequently, their reactions to the teacher will be child-like A teacher whose tone andactions are measured and calm like an “adult” will more likely draw a similar “adult” role response from thestudents, who will be more likely to take on responsibilities as learners.

The book also describes several “mind games” that people play with each other For example, one commongames is called “Ain’t it Awful”, where people will gather together to complain about a certain situation Thehidden purpose of the game is to elicit sympathy from others while at the same time taking comfort in their seeming

inability to change the situation The result is that the “player” earns certain advantages from claiming the status of

a victim while at the same time avoiding responsibility In order to play this game, a person takes on the role ofChild The other player may try to help the Child by taking on the Parent role Alternately, they may take on therole of Adult and encourage the other player to take a more realistic view of their situation

Berne’s objective for writing the book was to make human relationships healthier He hoped that writing

the book would help people stop playing games and try to satisfy their human needs in a more honest and openway Some readers of the book have argued that it has changed their lives for the better Berne’s idea of

transactional analysis also helped to further inspire examinations of daily social interactions.

1 According to the article, when was the book Games People Play published?

2 The word “interact” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:

3 The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to:

4 According to the article, what are “ego states”?

A the rules of the game B the roles people assume in a game

C the way a person develops during a game D the new roles parents should play

5 Paragraph 3 is about:

A how parents are very strict towards students

B the three different roles people assume in a game situation

C the three different rules people require to play a game

D how to make learners more responsible for their actions

6 Paragraph 4 is about:

A a common mind game that people play

B why people complain about children

C the advantages of being a player in a game

D how to encourage people to take a more realistic view

7 It is implied in paragraph 5 that:

A Berne failed in his objective for writing the book

B no other psychologist has examined daily social interactions

C some people could potentially benefit from reading Berne’s book

D some people need to stop playing games to try to satisfy their needs

PART II: USE OF ENGLISH INVERSION

Đảo ngữ là đem trợ động từ, hoặc động từ “tobe” hoặc “modals” đặt trước chủ từ mang hàm ý nhấn mạnh

1 No sooner than = hardly when/ before = scarcely when/ before

3 cấu trúc này đều mang nghĩa "ngay khi thì" Thường được dùng (thường với thì QKHT, đôi khi dùng

QKĐ) để chỉ 1 việc gì đó đã xảy ra không lâu sau việc khác

No sooner had I reached the door than I realised it was locked

No sooner did I reach the door than I realised it was locked.

2 Not until

Not until January will I have a holiday

3 Only then/if/when/later/after=> Sử dụng với thì quá khứ đơn

Only then did I know what I had got myself into

Only after the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before

4 Rarely/Seldom/Never => Thường dung với thì HTĐ, HTHT, QKHT và CAN and COULD

Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable

Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion

5 So that => Đây là cấu trúc phổ biến, thướng dùng với tính từ vad “TO BE”

So exciting was the soap opera, that I forgot to do my English homework

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=> Nó có theerr được dùng với much.

So much did she adore John, that she would not give him up

6 Such that => Dùng với danh từ và TO BE

Such was the popularity of the soap opera, that the streets were deserted whenever it was on

7 Not only … but also

Not only does she play piano well, but also she sings well

8 Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện ( bỏ IF)

If it stops raining = Should it stp raining

If I were rich = Were I rich

If he had known = Had he known

Phần bài tập

Rewrite these sentences using NEVER, RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE.

1 I have never heard such nonsense!

Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT ONLY.

7 He is my friend as well as yours.

Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY…./ NOT UNTIL

12 I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home.

Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD, WERE OR HAD

17 If the chemical were to leak, a large area of the sea would be contaminated.

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Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences

1 No sooner had we started the picnic the rain began pouring down!

2 Hardly attack people

3 but he also proved himself a good athlete

A Not only he showed himself a good student B He did not show himself only a good student

C Not only did he show himself a good student D A good student not only showed him

4 Not until the end of the 19th century become a scientific discipline

A plant breeding has B did plant breeding C plant breeding had D has plant breeding

5 Had she worked harder last summer, she

A wouldn't have been sacked B wouldn't have sacked

6 he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came

A No longer has B No sooner had C Not until had D Hardly had

7 Only when you grow up the truth

A you will know B you know C do you know D will you know

8 , he would have learned how to read

A If he has been able to go school as a child B If he could go to school as a child

C Were he able to go to school as a child D Had he been able to go to school as a child

9 _,they would have had what they wanted

A If they arrived at the fair early B Had they arrived at the fair early

C Unless they arrived at the fair early enough D Supposing they were arriving at the fair early

10 _ that she burst into tears

A Such was her anger B So angry she was C She was so anger D Such her anger was

11 No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back

A As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone

B Scarcely had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back

C Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately

D She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back

12 Never before as accelerated as they are now during the technological age

A have historical changes been B have been historical changes

C historical changes have been D historical have changes been

13 _ make a good impression on her

A Only by doing so can I B Only so doing can I C.Only by so doing I can D Only by doing so I can

14 They drove fifteen miles off the main road Also, they had nothing to eat for the day

A They drove fifteen miles off the main road until they had something to eat for the day

B They neither drove fifteen miles off the main road nor had anything to eat for the day

C Driving fifteen miles off the main road, they eventually had something to eat for the day

D Not only did they drive fifteen miles off the main road, they also had nothing to eat for the day

COLLOCATIONS CHỌN TỪ- SỰ KẾT HỢP TỪ ( Word choice- Collocations):

Để làm tốt bài tập chọn từ hoặc sự kết hợp của từ ta cần chú ý những điểm sau:

- Đọc kĩ câu hỏi và chú ý những từ loại cần điền vào:

- Đọc kĩ 4 lựa chọn và ngữ nghĩa của chúng

- Lựa chọn đáp án đúng dựa vào kiến thức từ vựng đã học

- Nếu chưa quyết định dứt khoát đáp án đúng thì hãy dùng phương pháp loại trừ dần dần những phương án sai.

Ví dụ minh họa 1: Chọn từ thích hợp tương ứng với A, B, C hoặc D để hoàn thành câu sau:

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English is now an effective medium of international _.

A communication B talking C speech D saying

Hướng dẫn: Câu này hỏi sự sử dụng đúng từ trong ngữ cảnh

A Đáp án đúng English is now an effective medium of internatinonal communication (Bây giờ tiếng Anh là phương tiện giao tiếp quốc tế hiệu quả), communication = sự giao tiếp.

B talking = sự nói; câu chuyện (không thể kết hợp với international)

C speech = lời nói; cách nói; bài diễn văn

D saying = tục ngữ, châm ngôn

It was such a boring speech that I fell

A asleep B sleep C sleepy D sleepily

Hướng dẫn: Câu này hỏi về khả năng kết hợp từ của động từ fall:

fall asleep = ngủ thiếp đi; dạng quá khứ của fall là fell.

Ngoài ra còn có feel sleepy (cảm thấy buồn ngủ); quá khứ của feel là felt Đáp án là A

It was such a boring speech that I felt asleep (Bài diễn văn chán đến nỗi tôi ngủ thiếp đi)

He kindly offered to me the way to the station

A explain B direct C describe D show

Hướng dẫn:

D Đáp án đúng: show someone the way = chỉ đường cho ai

He kindly offered to show me the way to the station (Ông ta tử tế chỉ cho tôi đường đến nhà ga)

A Phương án sai: explain = giải thích

B Phương án sai: direct someone to somewhere = chỉ đường cho ai

Ví dụ: Could you direct me to the airport? (ông làm ơn chỉ đường cho tôi đến sân bay)

C Phương án sai: describe = mô tả

SỰ KẾT HỢP TỪ VỚI CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ THÔNG DỤNG:

 DO: (= accomplish, carry out – hoàn thành, thực hiện một công việc)

Do an assignment: làm một nhiệm vụ được giao Do business (with): kinh doanh

Do one’s best: cố gắng hết sức Do a crossword: chơi ô chữ

Do history/economics: học lịch sử/ kinh tế học… Do an experiment: làm thí nghiệm

Do the shopping: mua sắm Do wonders/ miracles: mang lại kết quả kì diệu

Do without: làm mà không có cái gì Do wrong: làm sai

 MAKE: (= produce, manufacture- làm ra, chế tạo ra)

Make an appointment: thu xếp một cuộc hẹn Make an attempt: cố gắng, nỗ lực

Make an announcement: thông báo Make the bed: dọn giường

Make a decision: quyết định Make a differrence: tạo sự khác biệt

Make a distinction: tạo sự khác biệt/sự tương phản Make an effort: nỗ lực

Make a phone call: gọi điện thoại Make preparations for: chuẩn bị cho

Make use of: sử dụng

 TAKE:

Take sb/sth for granted: xem ai/ cái gì là tất nhiên Take place: xảy ra

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Take advantage of sth: tận dụng cái gì Take notice of sth: chú ý dến cái gì

Take responsibility for sth: chịu trách nhiệm về cái gì Take interest in: quan tâm đến

Take offence: thất vọng, phật ý Take powder/office: nhận chức

Take a pity on sb: thông cảm cho ai Take a view/ attitude: có quan điểm/ thái độTake sth as a compliment: xem cái gì như lời khen tặng Take sth as an insult: xem cái gì như lời sỉ nhục

Have difficulty (in) doing something: gặp khó khăn khi làm cái gì

Have a problem: có vấn đề, gặp khó khăn Have a go/ try: thử

 PAY:

Pay a visit to sb: đến thăm ai Pay tribute to: bày tỏ long kính trọng

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences.

1 Most doctors and nurses have to work on a _ once or twice a week at the hospital

A solution B night shift C household chores D special dishes

2 It is parents' duty and responsibility to _ hands to tae care of their children and give them a happy home

3 Doctors are supposed to _ responsibility for human life

4 _ sure that you follow the instructions carefully

5 Peter was _ a hurry to go so he did not stop to greet me

6 With greatly increased workloads, everyone is _ pressure now

7 We are not allowed _ jeans at school

8 My husband and I both go out to work so we share the _

A happiness B household chores C responsibility D employment

9 It is not easy to our beauty when we get older and older

10 Sometimes she does not agree _ her husband about child rearing but they soon find the solutions

11 You should _ more attention to what your teacher explains

12 Body language is a potent form of _ communication

13 The boy waved his hands to his mother, who was standing at the school gate, to _ her attention

14 If something _ your attention or your eye, you notice it or become interested in it

15 When the play finished the audience stood up and _ their hands loudly

16 It is _ not to say "Thank you" when you are given something

17 English is an important _ that is required in several national examinations:

18 In Vietnam a school year lasts for nine months and is divided _ two terms

19 He was so ill that he could not _ his final examination and cancelled it to the next year

20 Her job was so _ that she decided to quit it

21 Some days of rest may help to _ the pressure of work

22 Can you please tell me some information that _ to the job?

23 Not all teenagers are well _ for their future job when they are at high school

24 Qualifications and _ are two most important factors that help you get a good joB

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25 Someone who is _ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular.

26 Peter was asked to _ to a newspaper article making predictions for technological progress in 10 years

27 Before _ for a position, check whether you can fulfill all the requirements from the employer

28 If you are _ for a particular job, someone asks you questions about yourself to find out if you suitable for it

29 You should show the interviewer that you are really keen _ the job you have applied

30 They held a party to congratulate _ their son's success to become an engineer

31 Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and dish washers are labor _ devices which help us do housework easily and quickly

32 Probability of extinction depends _ both the population size and fine details of the population

demography

33 Clearing forests for timber has resulted _ the loss of biodiversity

34 Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the _ of extinction

35 Contamination and global warming have driven many species of animals and plants _ the threat of extinction

36 Although we are aware _ the importance of environment, we still overexploit it

37 If you a book, you have a brief look at it without reading or studying it seriously.

38 Since their appearance, books are a previous of knowledge and pleasure

39 Many teenagers are not much in reading books, except for what they are made to read at school

40 Tommy likes the books that he borrowed from the school library very much He has read them with _

41 The reviewer Mathew's new novel as a new style of modern science fiction

22 I have nearly finished reading the book There are only a few left

43 Can you what it would be like to live without books?

44 _ is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural environment

45 All the countries of the area have _ to protect their wildlife but they are rarely enforced

46 A defensive player may only hold, block or pull a / an _ who is touching or holding the ball

47 The more goals the players _, the more exciting the match became

48 A penalty shot is _ when a major foul is committed inside the 5-meter line

49 A water polo cap is used to the players' heads and to identify them

50 In beach volleyball, Indonesia defeated Thailand in straight sets to take men's gold _

51 To improve its athletes' _, Viet Nam has regularly exchanged delegation of sport officials, coaches, referees and athletes with other countries

52 The delegation to the SEA Games was composed _ top competitors of the country

53 All the audience was quite surprised _ the success of that young athlete

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54 He is a great sports _ He rarely misses any sport games although he was busy.

55 _ is a situation in which large numbers of people have little or no food, and many of them die

56 The International Red Cross has about 97 million volunteers whose main _ is to protect human life and health

57 The International Committee Red Cross has about 12,000 staff members worldwide, about 800 of them working4in its Geneva _

58 The Red Cross is an international organization that helps people who are suffering from the results of war, diseases

or _

59 A _ is a very large wave, often caused by an earthquake, that flows onto the land and destroys things

60 In some most Asian countries women are undervalued and they never have the same as men

61 In 2004 more than 40 national societies have worked with more than 22,000 _ to bring relief to the countless victims of the earthquake

62 The first relief assistance mission organized by the League was an aid mission for the _ of a famine and subsequent typhus epidemic in Poland

CÁC CÂU HỎI VỀ CHỌN TỪ HỢP NGHĨA TRONG CÁC ĐỀ THI ĐẠI HỌC, CAO ĐẲNG GẦN ĐÂY:

63 I was about to leave when something occurred which attracted my

64 Parts of the country are suffering water after the unusually dry summer

65 Before you start cooking, you should gather together all the necessary

66 He is a typical , always looking on the bright side of everything

67 Does Mr Ba bring his farm to the local market every day?

68 The car had a(n) tyre, so we had to change the wheel

69 There’s little of foreign news in today’s paper

70 The manager him for a minor mistake

71 You should make a(n) to overcome this problem

72 Car crashes are almost always accidental, but on rare occasions they may be

73 The youths nowadays have many things to do in their time

74 Chemistry is my subject at school

75 My brother left his job last week because he did not have any to travel

76 Listening is the most difficult language for me to master

77 Communities in remote areas are extremely to famine if crops fail

78 Be sure not to rely too on your mother tongue when you are learning a foreign language

79 As a(n) girl, she found it difficult to socialise with other students in the class

80 In a formal interview, it is essential to maintain good eye with the interviewers

PHRASAL VERBS

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