Lifelines pre intermediate students book đã nén pdf

How do we make negatives and questions in the present simple tense o for the third person singular?. b Complete the rule using two o{ these phrases: s things that are happening at the

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Nature's children

Language focus:

shauld/shouldn'tp10

q il

The present conthuous

tense (v preseff simBle)

regular and iRegular

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An e-rnbam,ssin(,

incident' ::': 'l

The'past eontinuotrr

The roof of the world Yocabulary file:

Descriptive adjectivesand advertrs

The present perfect tense(v past simple)

Reading and listening:

South for the winter Yocabulary file:

Transportp38

Listening and speaking:

You've got what it takes (song)p46

Reading and listening:

It was a normal day

Language focus:

Participles as adjectivesp54

Reading and listening:

Two brothersp62

Listening and speaking:

Talking about your family

Resolution, ] '

gar& to (y'wi1!1, ,':,,p8{ ;1 , 1 .-,;: :,,:,,; ,

lmet$d: r:" ':''

have:tuleaft:'past:and futtffe

I88,,, ,,t.,:, , i,

Reading and listening:

How long could you live?

p70

Reading and listening:

Smart shopping

p78

Listening and speaking:

The pleasure principle

p86

Reading and listening:

Gladiators!

p94

Reading and listening:

Going for gold

p102

Reading and listening:

The strange story of Martin Guerre

Reading and listening:

Summertime Blues(song)

Getti ng stilted

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1 nead about Gianni.

a Work with a partner What information do you

think is missing from the text?

Hi My name's Gianni l'm

Look at the letters of the alphabet.

Practise saying the alphabet

AB CDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

ffi o.z Listen, check and repeat

You will hear a conversation.

Look at the form and answer these questions

I Who do you think is speaking?

2 What is the conversation about?

] What questions do you expect?

Car insurance Name:

Complete the text

Can you remember Mary's questions?

ffi o.l Listen and check

Find out about someone in the class

Ask and answer the questions frorn 2 with your

partner

the group, telling them what you found or"tt.

Write a paragraph to introduce yourself, using

Gianni's text in I as a model Add extra

information if you want.

See Reflecting on Learning l: Your aims p120

5 a

7 Interview your partner and complete the form

with your partner's inforrnation.

and I can't

I can undersland the

E rrEr=e-:++j ;;+ lc= r

Match these questions and possible replies'

Some have more than one answer.

What does look up mean?

How do you say armario in English?

What's this called in Engiish?

Looh at the picture.

Label as rnany things as possible

Work in groups Compare your ideas, using the expressions in 1

Can you r-row label any more things?

Close your book

El o.+ Listen and answer the questions

See Reflecting on Learning 2: Recording vocabulary p120

It's called a pencil sharpener

It means find the word in a dictionary

We say cupboard

I'm sorry I don't know

Yes of course M-A-double R-I-E-D

1 nead the text and answer these questions.

I Why do we have routines?

2 Who describes her routine?

f Are routines good or bad?

F3o:rt-n(rs

Think about your daily life Do you follow the same route

to work every day? Do you sit in the same place in class?

When you get dressed, do you always put the same leg

or arm in first? You probably do, because we all have

routines in our lives

Routines save time and

energy because you do

them without thinking.

That's why they are so

important in the morning

when your brain isn't very

active Here's Jo talking

about her morning

routine

'Oh yes, I always do exactly

the same things I wake up

at seven o'clock every

morning, but I don't get

I switch on the radio and

listen to the news Then !

go to the loo and I brush

my teeth I have a shower

and dry my hair Then I

choose my clothes and t

get dressed t don't eat

anything for breakfast t

just have a cup of coffee

Then I go to work- Yes,

it's always the same.'

Routines are very useful, but they also make you

uncreative 50 sometimes it's a good idea to break your

routines Get out of bed on the opposite side Listen to a

different radio station Take a different route to work

Eat something different for breakfast Change your

routine You never know, it could change your life

2 Work with a partner Discuss these questions.

I How is your morning routine different from Jo,s?

2 What other routines do you have in your 1ife?

Rules

1 look at the table.

a Complete the second column, :using She.

I always do exactly the same things

I wake up at seven o'clock

I don't get up till quarter past seven

I switch on the radio

I listen to the news

ffi l.l Listen and check

Look at your table from 1

What normally happens to the verb in the third

person singular?

What happens

How do we pronounce these words?

with t]ne verb have?

How do we make negatives and questions in the present simple tense

o for the third person singular?

o for all other subjects?

b

2

a

3

2 4

a

These two sentences illusfiate the two main uses of the present

I wake up dt seven o'clock every morning

Routines save time and energy.

b Complete the rule using two o{ these phrases:

s things that are happening at the moment

o things that happen regularly

O Put the verbs in the box in the correct form to complete the text

Some are in the negative Use some more than once

tuln up: lik€ :come drowri i, miss ,watch rstay I have get up

'hurry, listen;to -,go.,t:, wake-up: switth'on run take staft

Christine

flrst at about seven

o'clock She

dow'nstairsand _ break-

fast early, because she

the television and

-

the breakfastprogramme She always the volume too loud, so

we usually an argument about that

Colin

-

to college and he's always late He

usually breaklast Hedownstairs at the last minute, and

my car and I'm late for work I the weekends,

because everyone in bed late But I

Iffi Lz Lisren and check

These questions are from aninterview with I(en.

only four questions are correct.Correct the other questions

I Have you a shower everymorning?

2 Do you listen to the radio in themorning?

I What time you go downstairs?

4 Why do you likes the weel<end?

5 When do your flatmates get up?

6 Does Christine get up first at theweekends?

7 Do Sam listen to the radio?

8 What programme she watches?

9 How does Colin get to college?

I0 Does he often misses the bus?Roleplay the interview with a partner.Ask your partner questions about a

typical morning in his/her home

How compatible are you with

other people?

a l<ind that you don't like

that you don't eat

something that you don't drink

a game or sport that yol.l play and

a TV programme that you alwayswatch and one that you don't

watch

something that you always do

r something that you often read andsomething that you don't read.Talk to other people in the c1ass, usingthese expressions

A I don't like jazz Do you?

B Yes, I do, but I don't like opera

What about you?

A No, I don't like opera either

Who has the same likes and dislikes

as you? Teil the class

Tell the class some of the other thingsthat you found out

EXAMPLES

Mdrio doesn't drink milk

Carla doesn't read the newspapers

Look at Reflecting on Learning l:

Parts ol speech pI20.

b

9

emEX*emtEms:s

go with the nownbed.

each noun in this list You can use a

dictionary to help you

Compare your phrases with the class

Look at your list of activities.

Find things that you

Compare your ideas with a partner

See Reflecting on Learning 4: Using

Look at the photographs from the article.

Read the flrst paragraph and discuss these questions

I Who are these people?

2 What kind of lifestyie do you think they have?

3 What do they do?

Read the rest of the article and check your ideas

How does the writer feel about these people?

They are the children of natrlre - modern gYPsies

\(hen autumn comes, theYdisappear and we don't see

them on the news any more'

In fact, they move to the

cities and look for emPtY

houses For the winter

Perhaps the children go toschooi for a few months

Paul and Janice ^re

Travellers TheY aren't

married TheY have t\vochildren called Moonstone

and Saffton Their life is verYsimpie Dudng the dav theY

sit and talk to theit friendswhile the children P1a,v Inthe evenings they usuallY eattogether with other famiiies

atound a big fite, and

security benefits If theY

need extra morey, Janice

makes jewellery and sells lt atmarkets and fairs

Both Paul and Janice come

from notmal middle class

why Paul prefers the life of a

Traveller As Paul exPlains,'Mlfather works in an ffice He

catches the sarue train to workeuery da1 He comes home at5.30 And why dou lte do it? To

pqy the tnortgage on the hause'

But then what does he do in bis

.frt, tineT He workt! He

decorates the house, he digs the

garden, and he washes the car Hetltinks he'sf ee, but be't reallljnst

a slaae Wel/, I don't taant to be

like that.'

$[hat should we do aboutthe Travellets? TheY're rebels

think' But wh1' shouldn't

they do their own tLrrng? As I

sit hete at my desk and think

about my mortgage, the

insutance, and taxes, I

wondet whot riSht

ff

10

a

2 Mark these sentences True (/),

False (X) or Don't l(now (?1

I New Age Travellers are onlY

on the news in the summer Vl

2 Farmers don't like the Travellers E

3 They spend the winter in

Find expressions i.n the text that describe each lifestyle andcomplete the chart

Paul's lifestyle His father's lifestyle

b Can you add more words and expressions to the chart?

C What do you think about the New Age Travellers? Which lifestyle

ffiffik'.

ffi ffi

}i Language focus: shouldlshouldn't

a Complete these sentences from the text

The oolice allow it!

do obout the Trovellers?

But why theY do their own thing?

b When do we use shoutdlshouldn't?

F Checkthe rules lor shouldlshouldn'tin Grammar Reference 1.2

C Here are some more opinions about the Travellers Complete thesentences with should or shouldn't,

'They can do whot they tike But why I pay for it? Their

soaiol security benefits come out of my toxes We

-

paythem to do nothing.'

'Maybe they don't do any harm But thot's not the point lt's myland and they

-

be here'''lt's terribte The music ls so /oud and they look so dirty And thechildren! They

-

be at school.''People only complain because they're iealous EveY society needs

its rebels We

-leove

them olone.''Well, I don't understand it He comes from a good home We're

respectoble people He

-

live like thot.'

'We don't do any harm Why we live the way we wontto? lt's a free country

'Freedom? Huh They're just lazy They

-get

iobs

they don't, we

-put

them in prison or in the army

d ffi l.: Listen and check

*

&

Hw:

Look at the opinions above

Does your country have groups of people like the New Age

4 New Age children never go to

school

5 Janice is Paul's wife

6 Paul's father works for an

insurance company

7 Paul admires his father

8 Janice doesn't eat meat

9 Paul makes jewellery.

tr tr

tr

tr tr

tr

#it

5

't1

How do we tell the time?

Complete the diagram

We can also tell the time in digital teru to

Look at these clocks and watches.

Say the times

ffi l.A Listen and match the

sentences and times

seven forty-three

thirteen twenty-five

eighteen hundred

eight oh four

What's the time?

What time is our meeting

tomorrow?

When does the programme

start?

Excuse me What time does

the next train leave?

You're listening to Radio

West

Good morning This is your

wake-up call

Cor-rld I reserve a table lor

this evening, please?

Couid I make an appointment

with Dr Clark, please?

Could I book a taxi to the

airport, please?

o'c{otk I

I

tr tr

a

b

Look at tapescript 1.4

Practise the conversations with a partner

Mal<e more conversations to

reserve a restaurant table

r book a taxi

o give someone a wake-up caIl

r make an appointment at the dentist's

(IPA) consists of symbois that show

sounds These can help you with

English pronunciation are not the same.This is why learning the sound symbolscan be very useful lor students oI English.There is a chart oI the IPA symbols on theinside back cover

These words have diffirent vowel

spellings but the same vowel sound.Now say these words and look at thespelling

head lel

tea li:l

hear lrelThese words have the same vowel

spelling bu different vowel sounds.Look at the IPA chart and study thevowel symbols

I'plqel lbrt$lLook at the IPA chart and study theconsonant symbols

You will practise the IPA symbols in

Kx&exns&mm: KeadXmS arnd &6stem&mg

a+: q s: F=ii,

=*EE:"S= qJ;c_' $tFe-*

a Say these numbers

200 two hundred 6,000 six thowsand

Say these numbers

Work with a partner Complete the text with the numbers in ?

Discuss your ideas with the class

ffi l.l Listen and check How many numbers did you

guess correctly?

Read the text again Mark these sentences True (/) or

False (X)

I Every hour about 5,700 people die

2 You spend about 30"h ol your lile asleep

4 McDonalds sell 916,500 hamburgers in one hour

5 There are nineteen countries where people drink more

alcohol than Britain

the text flnd expressions which mean the same as

approximately (four possibilities) to go up

tr tr tr T

the most surprising?

the most interesting?

the most depressing?

r each person

r a minute

c a bicycle

the most pleasing?

the least interesting?

the most useful?

F" See Reflecting on Learning 5: Making mistakes p120

14

population increases by

and the wodd

weapons.

In a lifetime of 65 years the

aYerage person watches

television for twelve years, and

Your heart beats

you biink seveflteen

times You lose between

50 and

-

hairs and more than a

ballpoint pens to draw a line round the equator 160 times.

drink cups oftea.

of wine and 207 pints

only twentieth in the

Volfsburg, Germany In thesame period of time the Hero Bicycle Company of India produces

-

bikes and the Reynolds Tobacco

Company in the United Statesproduces

cigarettes.

Every hour over planes take off or land somewhere in the world, and

there are recorded earthquakes.

:- +ti+-:

that breathe

2 ffil Z.l Read and listen to the text.

a Answer the questions

I Who is speaking?

2 Who is he watching?

3 Who does he think they are?

b Now discuss these questions

I Why does the man suspect them?

2 Why does he change his mind?

3 What do you think is really happening?

I often travel to other countries, so I spend a lot of time at airports

Today I'm travelling to Greece and at the moment I'm waiting for

my plane But I'm not wasting my time -What am I doing? I'm

piaying my favourite game - people-watching 'W'henever I have the

time I watch other people

Take that couple, for example They're truying magazines at the

moment Are they going on holiday or are they travelling on

business? They aren't wearing business ciothes, but he's carrying a

briefcase Every few seconds she looks round Is sorrrconc following

them? Perhaps they're running away and Just a minute, there's a

story in this newspaper A bank clerk stole one million pounds last

week and disappeared with his wife There's a picture of them here

Hmmm, they look sirnilar That's it! The money's in the briefcase

I must stop them

They're going ro the departure lounge now Quick Oh just a

minute They're saying goodbye to each other The woman isn't

going into the departure lounge She's walking away Oh wel1, it

was exciting for a moment Oh, what is she doing now? She's

talking to another man They're kissing Now, I wonder

Rules

1 Look at the story again.

a Underline examples of the present continuous tense v'lrthl I, they,

arld she For each of them, find

e a positive statement

o a negative statement

s a question

b How do we make each of these forms?

2 look at the first paragraph again.

EI Two different present tenses are used Underline examples of each

b what is each tense? Why is each tense used?

Ee- Check the rules for the present continuous tense in Grammar

Practice

using the present continuous tense

Exannpr,rs

The woman at the newsagent's is carrying a briefcase.

Three men are standing and talking

b nead out your sentences Your partner must tell you if they are

Choose sorneone in the picture Your partner must ask Yes/No

A So, it's a wotnan Is she standing up?

B Yes, she is.

A ls she buying something?

Look at the text.

Put the verbs in brackets into thecorrect present tense

I

-

(wotk) lor a constructioncompan) \X e _ (buiJd) roads.dams, btidges and things like that At

the moment my company

(produce) a plan fot a newmotorway I usualiy _ (work)

in the roads department, but thismonth I

-

(work) in thedepartment that

-

(build)bridges So my whole working day is

different iust flow I normally

(spend) a lt-rt of rimeoutdoors, because I

-

Go) tothe consffuction sites But with thisnew oroiect I lsoend) a -[oL

of time in the workshop At themoment we

(eatn) a lot ofnew things

ffi z.z Lisren and check

are doing at the momenl

Work with a partner Tell yourpartner about your job or studies, andanswer your partner's questions

Imagine you are people-watching.

Choose one or two more people from

the picture

format:

o What do they do?

r Where do they live?

o Why are they at the airport?

* What evidence is there for your

:;i i;i 1 i ., rn :"; i'! t t.:

Look at this list of words for

thin tall fair short wavy green

dark brown good-looking thick

red straight big black bald

pretty blue curly slim grey

small attractive old well-built

Work in pairs or groups Organize tl-re

words into four different categories

Some words can bclong to more than

one category

Compare your categories with

the class

Look at the photographs.

Read this description and decide who

it is

She's quite small and slim She's got

fair hair and blue eyes Her hair is

short and curly

Describe the other people, using

words from the list

any of the photos?

l: ,ijir'::'::l '-l

ffiemd&ure&

:1i

*: *, i;ryd fl=""*

1 I,ook at the adverts.

? Match the adverts and photos

b which person would you most like to

meet and why?

TM A SINCEHE AND EASY.GoING MAN AND I

NEED a LovtNG eARTNER I can cook, iron, and

wash up I have my ou.r-r house and my own

business I'm 6 feet tall, good-looking and

intelligent female out there for me? If vou,re

ur-rder 35 call

roruy-a rF you'RE oLD AND BoRlNG, DoN'T BoTHEF wrH

rnts ao I'm looking for a fit and good-looking

guy with an exciting lifeslyle I'm a lively,

long-haired 23-year-o1d and I love to have a

good time My interests are temis,

hang-gliding, and discos Please send a photograph'

ffiffi"4.si-.i!,'

$ Vocabulary file: Describing people

']t'Complete the table with all the words and phrases in theadvertisements for describing people

MONICA.

a A SOCTABLE AND OUTGoING MALE, 30,

WANTS A FUN-LOVING AND ATTRACTIVE

rrnaau, Tall or shorr, dark or iair, I don,t care,

but you must have a good sense of humour.

And you must like dogs I,ve got twol Call

DEREK.

F d

a nt, t'wt HANNAH I'm divorced and I've got

tlvo ehiitlren I'm in my early forties, with

blonde hair and blue cyes Are you a quiet,

responsille man about the same age? You must

bc a non-smoker.

ARE YOU LIKE ME? ABE YOU 17-20? ARE YOU

SHY? Do you sit at home in the evenings with

nothing to do? Is your best friend a computerl

Please write to me ]'d love to hear from vou.

JOHN.

WANTED: A STRONG, RELIABLE MAN W|TH A

GooD JoB AND Lors oF MoNEy, I,m a slirn and

pretty Z5-year-old nurse with dark hair and

brou,n eyes If you're young and well-off, call

JAYNE for an interestir-rg and affectionate

A Hove yau got a computer?

a computer a boyfriend/girlfriend a swimming-pool

a pet a mobile phone a house or a flat

a bike an interesting job any children

a car any brothers or sisters a fax machine

e With a new partner, ask and answer about your previous partners

ExaMpre

: Has Maria got a computer? Yes, she hos lt's o ,

$ Does Maria have a computer? Yes, she does lt's o

&

ffih'

3 a

Write your own advert.

First look at the language that is used in the adverts for describing

c yourself

appearance character lifestyle

2 What questions will the advertisers ask anyone who

make a list of questions for each person

b nead out your questions Can other students guess whichadvertiser is asking them?

C Using your questions, roleplay the phone conversations with

;Fr;i

fi Language focus: hovelhave got

a Look at these two sentences from the advertisements

I have my own house,

l've got two children

With have and have gof, how do we form

2 Appearances

[El 2.i rwo people are trying

I Who are the two people?

2 What tense do they use for

talking about their arrangements?

Look at the two diary pages

Can you sr:e any mistakes in the

diary notes?

[El 2.3 Listen again and correct

the diaries

Language focus

1 Time prepositions in, on, at

a Complete these expressions with

the correct preposition,

_ 1O,OO _the afternoon

_Tuesdoy _2.3O

night the morning

Look at tapescript 2,3 and check

We use the present continuous

tense to talk about arrangements in

the future How do we know it

means the future?

Exnnples

Are you doing anything on Tuesday?

l'm ploying tennis at 7,OO.

Look at the completed diaries Say

what each person is doing this

week,

Exavprr

Alan's meeting some people from

Polond on Monday morning,

1.m

2

20

**ii:,: :.

ffie.mrewmcEmti*m

1 Voiced and voiceless consonants

Some consonants are voiced and some are voiceless When yousay a voiced consonant, there is a vibration in your throat When

you say a voiceless consonant, there is no vibration Thevoicedivoiceless difference can often show two different words

a Put your fingers on your throat and say these sounds Write voiced

and voiceless next to the correct list

Look at these expressions

a Which of them can you find in

tapescript 2.3?

Are you free ?

Are you doing anything ?

Can we ,.,?

Would you like to ?

What obout ?

How about ?

ls any good for you?

Yes, ,., rs fine for me.

Yes, is OK with me,

No, I can't make

No, I'm afroid not.

b Work with a partner Try to arrange

to meet Use the expressions above

and these times

Sunday 1 1.OO Tuesday

the afternoon this evening

Saturdayevening tomorrow

half past ten

ExaNrpre

A Are you free on Sunday?

B No, I'm sorry Sunday is no good

for me What about Monday?

Question intonation

As a general rule intonation rises on a Yes/No question and falls

on a statement

J -\

Do you get up early? Yes, I do.

ffi z.s Listen Is it a statement or a question?

Tick S or Q in the table

b ffi z.o Listen to the sentences and check your answers

c m 2.6 Lister again and repeat

d ffi z.z Intonation only rises on YesiNo questions

InWh-questions, the intonation falls Listen to these examples

- _/

Do you live near here? Where do yow live?

I What's your name?

2 Have you got a pen?

.

3 What do you do?

4 What are you doing?

5 Do you enjoy it?

6 Are you going out tonight?

f ffi 2.8 Listen, check and repeat

g Work with a partner Ask and answer the questions

girlpig

pull

twocome

curlbig

bull

dogum

Sue

pickrabbitsentloose

zoopigrapidsendlose

Make your own diary page

arrangements for next week Leave

two half-days clear

time for a meeting

S

a

21

2 Appearances

Ww%wmwwwmx *xw%wmxmffi effi& %Wwewrmffi

Look at this photo of Gloria and her family.

Discuss these questions

I What is happening in the photo?

3 What relation do you think they are to Gloria?

Vocabulary file: Families

Look at these words and expressions for talking about a

family Check that you understand the meanings

a Complete the marital status list.

b Complete the list of family relationships,

C Can you add any more family words or expressions?

Work with a partner Tell your partner atrout your family, using

family photos, if possible.

Write a short description of your family.

First read Gloria's description of herfamilv

2 3

My fauily M/ father workt for a

.:' chemical

firm He,, a ialeranan

f arud w7 nother it a teacher

wifemothersister

t:

l'rte got one titter and one

brother l'n the *cond child in

the fanilT.

My litter, Marioru, il theobert the't narriel and her

Thlyle got three childrea _ two

boy and a girl.

My brother Daniel it ttill

ttulying ot unitettitT' He't

ingle at the noment, but he"engagel- Hil fiancie't tuawle i'

A lison

I got married latt Yeat to

\liver We lon't hate anY

children Yet, but we're

Itannin! to haYe three!

your brothers and sisters (if any)

your partner 1if any,1.

It:

,,a

b

23

3 Life stor IES

&ramffi&r

SFee pes* s*repE* €*rres*

Grammar in use

1 I,ook at this information.

In England you can get married when you are 16,

but you need your parents' permission until you are

18 In Scotland, however, you can get married at

16 without this So young English people who

wanI to get married withour their parents'

permission often run away (elope) to Scotland,

The traditional place for these weddings is Gretna

Green, a village just over the Scottish border

a Compare it to your own country

b What do you think is the right age to get married?

2

a

Answer these queslions

I Who are the people in the pictures?

2 What did the two young people do?

3 How did the girl's mother feel about this?

4 What did she do?

5 What happened in the end?

Discuss these questions

I Wha/ do you think about the people's behaviour?

when Mrs lee-Curtis came

her She shouted at her and

pulled her hair \VhenMarcus tried to help h is

mother, Mrs Schearer hir

him in the stomach Then

she drove her car at Mrs

Lee-Curtis and pushed her into a

garden In court today Mrs

Schearer apoiogized \7hen

they came out of court,

hope that in time we can allget together.'

decided to get married ButMarie was only 16 and herparents didn't approve, so

they went to Gretna Green

photograph ofthe bride and

groom She wasn't happy

mother She waited outside

the Lee-Curtis' house, and

Bride Marie, 16, with husband Marcus,2l.'l hope we can all get

togelher,' she said.

Gretfia scene

this was a strange story

Marcus Lee-Curtis, 21, ard

Marie Schearer, 15, weren't

ruflaways The bridegroom's

mother was at the wedding

and so were twenty other

parents weren't there In

fact, they didn't know

anything about the wedding

until the following week,

and then Mrs Schearer was

so aogry that she attacked

Marcus'mother

Marie first met Marcus

when she was only 13 They

ftell in ]ove and when Marie

was 16, she left home and

lived wirh Marcus ar his

grandmother's house They

24

1 find examples of the past tense of the verti

to be (positive and negative) in the text.

2 IJow do we form the past simple tense of

regular vertrs?

O UnderLine examples of regular verbs in the text

b what do you notice about the spelling of these

verbs in the past simple tense?

smile stop try

ts See p29 for the pronunciation of -al endings

3 Many common verbs are irregular and don't

follow the -ed rule.

d List all the irregular verbs in the text

b write the inflnitive for each verb

Exeupr-ns

meet met faU fell

4 Complete these two sentences frorn the text.

In fact, they anything abowt the wedding

until the following week.

But Marie was only 16 and her parents

o How do we make the negative form of the past

simple tense?

c What part of the verb foilows didn't?

* Is it the same for regular and irregular verbs?

5 Look at these questions frorn an interview

with Marie Schearer

Were Marcus' parents at the wedding?

Why was your mother angry?

When did you meet Marcus?

Didyou live together?

? How do we make past simple questions with to be?

b How do we make questions with other verbs?

F Check the rules {or the past simple tense in

Practice

1 Complete these sentences with the past simple

of the verbs in brackets.

I Marcus' mother and grandmother

-(be)

atthe wedding, but Marie's parents

f Where/ the wedding

7 Wlnall you/ do

ffi ;.1 Listen and check

newspaper.

What do you think about the PeoPIe?

Stewart McIGy/ fall in love with/ Janeget married/ but there/ be/ problem

Stewart and Jane/ not want/ get rid of the dogsdecide/ Iive apart/ while dogs/ alive

not see/ each other very oftenlile/ be/ very expensivespend/ a lot of money on phone ca1ls and travellast week/ Jane's dog/ die

Jatel gol to live with StewartJane/ said/ it/ not be/ easy to live apart

reporter might ask Stewart and Jane

Roleplay the interview, using your questions'Choose onb of these topics.

o How did yo.ur'parents meet?

o How did you meet your partner?

about your topic, and answer their questions

See Reflecting on Learning 7: Verbs pI21.

3 Life stories

ffi

W**mfuu*Emrp

fu$mmmy

1 Look at this list of words

associated with rnoney.

wealthy poor sell rich buy

stock exchange mean fortune

cheap generous tax free pay

stocks and shares bank cost

millionaire price work count

expensive propefty diamonds

job jewellery mortgage lose

We can organize the words into a

spidergram like this:

ffiffiffi i lli':*:,itiri:i i.; :r:.'.:r',', ''

F% H+

tr€###$ffiffi

'?.F,r qr h,rl"{it ="fu ;"p.f H,af;:r i f lifl:r"e,=,,i:.,

1 look at the title of the article and the photograph.

? What is Wall Street? Where is it?

b Wt at do you think the story is about?

million YVhen she

herself died in

1916, she left afortune of almost $100million to her two

children"

Hke ffiffid ry

f f ettv Rohinson

.fll"urrt all about

very young As a child,she read the financialpages of the newspaper to her wealthy father FIerfather died when Hettyrvas 30 years old and

Complete the legs of the spidergram

with words from the list Some words

may go on more than one leg

the class

Can you add any more words to your

spidergram?

Look at the words again Choose

words that best describe

She was a flnanciai genius

She made money so easilythat people called her theWitch of Wall Street Butalthough she was one of therichest r /omen in the world,she was very mean She

counted every cent and shespent as iittle as possibie She

property taxes So she and herchiidren lived in cheap hctels"

26

2 nead the article quickly and answer these

questions.

2 When did she live?

3 Who were Ned and Edward?

4 What was strange about her life?

5 How did she die?

True (/l or False (I) Correct the false sentences.Exaupr-n

She came from a poor family

She didn't come from a poor family Her pdrents werewealthy

she was young tr

2 She owned a big house t l

4 She sent her clothes to a laundry L ]

5 She rented an olfice in Wall Street tr

6 She had lunch in restaurantt E

7 She married a rich man tr

8 She sent her son to the best hospital

9 She died in an accident tr

lo Her son invested her money tr

Discuss these questions.

I Give three reasons why Hetty was called the

2 What do you think is

* the funniest example of her meanness?

* the most interesting part of the story?

* the most ironic part of her life?

behaviour?

mii!:i:

:!.

' Language focus: so that .

a Look at these two sentences:

Hetty became dngry She hod a stroke

The second sentence is the result of the firstsentence We can show it like this:

Hetty became so angry that she had a stroke,

b Join these sentences in the same way

1 Hetty was mean She refused to pay for a

doctor

2 Ned's injury was bad He lost his leg

3 Hetty was rich, She could buy anything

4 She was clever She made millions of dollars

5 Hetty made money easily People called herthe Witch of Wall Street i

s

Look at this newspaper headline.

THE KTNOEST MAN IN THE WORLD DIES }

=r ef+,:s'+j.:E4$fr.,4!ffiei.+-,.si+:.4*1+ -**,****.*r"=.6@**$

* The basic details oI his lile

o Examples of his kindness

I&GLH -ffe"reffi#

he spent ahaost nothing on clothes, and wore

the same long black dress every day She

washed it herseif, but to save soap she only washed

the bottorn of the dress, where it touched the

ground" Other people had their own offlces, but

Hetty used a desk in the hank where she kept her

money, because it didn't cost anything She sat in

and sold stocks and shares Ifthe hank

complained, she just moved all her money to

another bank

f-f etty's family paid the price for her meanness

I lrttt*" she was 33 she married a millionaire,

Edward Green and they had two children Green,

however, lost ail his monev, so lJetty left him

When her son, l\ed, injured his knee, Hetty didn't

hospital for poor people Unfortunately the doctor

knew that Hetty was rich and he asked for money

Hetty refused and took the boy away His leg didn't

get better and two years later doctors removed it"

fl rt eventually Ned got his revenge At the age

I-Dof 81 Hel.t1 had an argumenI wil.h a shop

assistant about the price of a bottle of milk She

became so angry that she had a stroke and died

So Hetty's meanness finally killed her Ned

inherited half his mother's fortune, and he spent it

all on parties, holidays and expensive jewellery He

even bought a chamber pot covered with

diamonds!

27

a

3 Llfe stories

lEl 3.2 Lisrcn hr column A, nunrbel the places rvhere Geofl

lir.'ed in the r:orrect otder

Malch 1he photuglaphs to the places in colnntn A

Matcl-r tl're places in column A to an itcnr irr corumns B anit C.

IEI ;.2 Lisren again and check

2 Discuss these questions.

I Wherc does the conversation take place?

2 Why does Geoff sa_v: .It,s diflicult to sa,v.,?

f WLrat positive and negative effccts do )/ou t[]inl<

this had on his lile?

4 What clo 1-ou think ol Geoff,s lile? Does it sound

interesting/boriug/diffi cuit?

3 Write a summary of Geoff,s life, using the table in 1

fir,"r.z io* tongz l"uron for reaving

Scotland nearly five years grandfather died

Manchester six months :.

f ^ Singapore two years- - grandfather was ill

Geoff went to universitv

London not very long

-L p.ru ] fo* y"r* j tu*'"r'r company closed down

- l Canada ] eight years too cold ]

b

c

d

The far north, beautiful but cotd,l

Conversation pieces: Life

Look at these expressions

We stayedllived there for

I got married I divorced

My grandfather died.

4

a

b

Talk about your life.

Make a list of he}, events in ),our life I,vith times and places

expressirrs aLr.ve Ansn'er any questions that v.LrL partrer asks

Write your life story.

Captatn Gecr;

2A

*#d *ffid6mg; werd strmss

The past simple -ed ending

The regular past simple -ed ending can be

pronounced in three different ways, ltl , ldl and lldl.

Match the endings to the correct type of verb

I When the verb ends with a voiced consonante.g rob - robbed, use - used.

2 When the verb ends with a voiceless consonante.g walk - walked, laugh - laughed

3 When the verb ends with ltl or ldl

e.g wonr - wanred need - needed.

Con-rplete the table with these verbs

blamed promised waited

decided helped pushed

started watched lived

talked seemed turned

c m -1.3 Listen, check and repeat

2 Word stress with two syllables

In words with more than one syllable we usuallystress only one of the syllables

Exeuplns

a.

problem .a

expect

Say these words Which syllable has the stress?

studymoneywomanpronouncechildrenmodel

questionmachinetennis

agarn

sorryforget

.l

29

3 Life stories

' ' D^^-ji !o* & I l'

ExtensrCIm: r'{ea$lng anei !i5Een!fig

1 ftre illustration shows a scene from a true story.

? What do you think happened?

b what other words do you expect to flnd in the article?

Make a 1ist.

wrong order.

Number the paragraphs in the correct order

How did you decide on the order? What clues did you use?

ffil :.1 Listen and check your order

Language focus: Adverbs and adjectives

a Complete the example sentences from the text

Adverbs describe a verb

Exavpre

Foxlloated _to the surface

Adjectives describe a noun

Exevprr

Hesawa-fish.

b finO these words in the text Are they adverbs or adjectives?

C Which verb or noun does each word describe?

carefully desperately big great

dangerous large annual safe

,i!,' Check the rules for adverbs and adjectives in Grammar

Reference 3.2

What do you think Rodney Fox

did after the attack?

T.ool< at this list of ideas What otherpossibilities can you think oI?

6 He started a campaign to stopspear-flshing

r He never went in the sea again

Work with a partner and make your

choice More than one may be correct

Discuss your choices with the class

ffil :.r Listen to the rest of thestory and check your ideas

Discuss these quest ions

I What did Rodrey Fox do and why?

2 What do you think of RodneyFox's reaction?

Write the flnal paragraph to complete the story of Rodney Fox.

See Reflecting on Learning 8:

-l

pulled hirn down and down Then

suddenly the rope broke and Fox

floated slowly to the surface rShark!

Shark!' he called.

Quickly he pushed his fingers into the

shark's eyes The shark opened its

rnouth and fox escaped, swirnrning as

fast as possible to the surface He

thought he was safe, but when he

looked down he saw the shark's huge

mouth just below him again.

Near the end of the day, he looked

down and saw a largre fish on the

sand below hirn He dived down

to get it Suddenly sornething

gun frorn his hand and

pushed hirn through the

water He looked round and

saw that he was in the

rnouth of a shark ft was a

great white shark, one of

the largest and most

dangerous sharks in the

world.

r.l:r ::r : _| i:::::l1,.:t:il,i:rl:.]l:l

:::.tr :lii' :::!tr :'1,:,rlr I i:li.rrl'::.:!: r ir'

carefully into a boat and took hirn to the beach The nearest hospital was 60

kilometres away and during the long journey one of the spear-fishers held

Fox's insides in place At the hospital

he needed 462 stitches, but he

survived.

L-l So he kicked the shark's nose hard and

it tuzned away But then it attacked the

fish on the buoy It swallowed the

buoy and the fish, It dived down and the rope on his belt pulled fox under the water again.

Z It was 1963 and Rodney Fox

was in the sea off the coast of

South Australia It was the

annual spear-fishing championship fox did well

that day IIe caught a lot of

fish and he tied them to a

small buoy, There vvas a

rope frorn the buoy to his belt.

4The future

i;,!.-:-:: !.r:i

;;!,i1:r:1.:;;=,-&raxwre&r

Grammar in use

1 Look at the title of the article What is it about?

2 Read the text and tick (/) wlnat the prizewinners will do

[ ,"" a show at a Wesl End theatre E arrive in London

E go to the hotel in a taxi -""t the stars of the shciw

I hu.r" dinner at the Savoy Hotel E travel in a limousine

go to Buckingharn Palace E visit a casincr

our exciting capital city Your night

to remember will start when you arrive in London lf you arrive by

train or bus, our representative will

W**9 ffised *h*.s*

Adelphi Theatre'Sunset Boulevard'Apollo Victoria'Starlight Express'Cambridge Theatre'Fame - The Musical'Drury Lane Theatre'Miss Saigon'

Palace Theatre

'Les Misdrables'New London Theatre'Cats'

KiEt*re *r;iii SEca* st*+F?

some time to relax before dinner if

will be a f ive-course meal with

champagne in the hotel

#rr.he:t qr!,iii ya:r.: d"*i

Then our limousine willtake you to thetheatre to see a West End show You'llhave the best seats in the house and

meet the stars And that won't be the

nightclub, where you'll dance the night

away!

a

Rules

Look at the text again.

Find these forms of the future

How do we make these forms?

When do we use will lor the future?

Compare will to the use of the present

continuous with future meaning

We use will in first conditionals.

Complete these sentences from

the text

If you _ our lucl<y winner, you

the best night of your life in

our exciting capital cigt.

You _ some time to relax before

dinner if you _ tired after the journey

Complete the ruie:

In first conditionals we use the

tense in the z/clause

and in the main clause

Do the sentences talk about the past,

present, or the future? What does the

Check the rules for will and the first

conditional in Grammar References

A4rn*

(:team o-f Tafrato

Soup utith Cin an.d Cnutons

I nl ,, t ot,h Cail, Dp::,try

l til salarj ttitt, Ro,sr,l p,p\tr,

a1t/ l,ta r,.1t,.,

jr*lF**18 Jt**Jt*i**ltr*:+**

Roast Dutk u,ith Mushrcofrs and Bacou

Salmoil with Tomato anrl Lenton l/itlaigrettr

Pork utilll alppls Slirct, Caluados and CreatL

**+,*****{+}*r.r*t

Apple and Alnond Tart uith Creaut

Dark Chocolate Tart

Itsh Fruit Salad

what they won't do.

Exal,rprEsThey'll see a show at a West Entl Theatre

They won't go to the hotel in a taxi

If you win the cornpetition, what will you do?

Make questions using this inlormation and will

Examprr

How will you get to London?

2 anyone/ meet you 7

4 Whall have/ for dinner 9

have/ good seats

meet/ anyone famous

b

Work with a partner Look at the competition information againand ask and answer the questions

Match a clause in A and a clause in B Make complete sentencesusing the first conditional

Exannpr-ns

If you arrive by train, our representative will rueet you at the station

We'll collect you frlm your home if you live in London

ffi u.l Listen and check

What do you want to know about the future?

Work with a partner Ask your questions Your partner will makepredictions for you

Write a competition article.

some ideas:

c a weekend in Paris t a day at the races

our limousine/ take youfor a city tourtake you back to the hotellike dancing

have childrenwant to do some shopping

have time to go to the shops

on Saturdaynot want to go to a nightclubtired after the journeyarrange a nanny to look afterthem

really enjoy the nightclubtake you backstagelive in Londongive you two free tickets foryour friends

want to see London by nightour representative/ meet you atthe station

They are from Japan.

They are Japanese

They speak Japanese

d There are several ways of forming country adjectives

Look at this table

-an -ish -ese -l irregular

Complete the table with the countries from the box

below You can use a dictionary to help you find the

adjectives

Germany ltaly Turkey the Netherlands

lsrael Argentina Thailand Scotland

lreland Belgium Morocco Pakistan

Russia Nonaray Greece Egypt Poland

Portugal Austria Denmark Brau:il

China Mexico Korea Spain

ffi a.z Listen and check your ideas

patterns.

Exe-mpr-ns

OooOooOo

Egypt Japan Argmtina

The stress pattern sometimes changes in the

ffi a.z Listen again and check your answers

Look at the adjectives in the table and answer

these questions

countries?

See Reflecting on Learning 9: Dealing with

Discuss these questions

I Why do people go to livc in another country?

2 What benelits can immigrants bring to a country?

3 What problems can large-scale immigration cause?

4 Should immigrants conform to the local culture?

5 What should governments do about immigration?Look quickly at the text Choose the correct answers

to these questions, according to the article

I What is the article about?

E America's population is getting too large .

E Af.i.u, Americans will soon be in the

E ft

" USA is changing because of immigration.

2 Why are todalz's immigrants different from earlierimmigrants?

E ft-r"y integrate easily into American culture

I fn.y come to the USA for jobs

E ft

"y keep their own language and culture.

3 Why are Alrican Americans very worried aboutthe situation?

E ffr" immigrants compete with them lor jobsand houses

E ft

" immigrants don't speak English.

E fn" immigrants become politicians andlawyers

Read the text again and find

o alI the racial groups mentioned

reasons why people are concerned about thesituation

Mark these sentences True (/), False (X) orDon't I{now Q).

I America's population will be 383 million bythe year 2050 tr

2 Hispanics make up l0 per cent of thepopulation at the moment E

3 African Americans are currently the largestracial minority in the USA tr

4 Today's immigrants try to integrate into

American culture tr

5 The number of people who don't speak English

6 Robert Byrd wants stricter immigration controls E

7 Illegal immigrants only compete for jobs tr

8 Illegal immigrants can't find jobs in the USA tr

34

4 Complete these sentences with the verbs in

brackets.

-

(rise), Hispanics(overtake) Alrican Americans

2 If you (go) into the supermarket in

Rockville, you

-

(not hear) anyEnglish

Schools (teach) in immigrant

Ianguages if parents (get) their

demands

If more immigrants (come), there

(be) fewer iobs for A{ricanAmericans

The middle classes (lose) their

cheap servants if immigration _ (stop)

5 Discuss these questions, giving reasons fot

your answers.

integrate as earlier immigrants did?

2 Do you think they will integrate in the future?

I What is the implication of Senator Byrd'sexpression'these people'?

4 According to the article, what is the basic cause

of the immigration problem in the USA?

5 What do you think the writer feels about thesituation in the article?

6 How do you feel about the situation described in

the article?

7 What results do you think that the languageissue will have?

Tbe Statue of Liberty: still tbe elttrance to

tbe Neut World?

language problem won't get any better

Immigrant parents are demandingeducation fot their children in theirow-n language If this happens, it will soon bc possible to erow up inAmerica and never speak English.Politicians are asking: How far wili

this go? 'iUhat kind of country will it

Democrat from r{/est Vitginia recendy

told the Senate: qXrhen I phone thelocal garage I can't understand the pet-son on the other end of the line and hecan't understand me These peopie are

all over the place and they don't speakEnglish Do we want more of this?'

con-trols

The biggest problem is illegal gration African Ameticans are r,eryworried about this, because the illegal

houses, schools and especially iobs

$7ork is the key to the problem \While

the white middle classes complain,

and lau,yers) employ il1ega1 immigrants

as cheap nannies, housekeepers, deners, chauffeurs and maids And if

gar-there are jobs, the immigrants will tinue to come I

con-;:

J f present levels of immigration

T continue, by the year 2050

by 50 per cent to 383 million.

A4ore importandy the tacial balance

will change Hispanics will overtake

Blacks (or Aftican Americans, as they

are now called) to become the largest

minotity at 21 pet cent Asiars and

Pacific Islanders will increase five

times to more than 12 per cent This

wili push rhe toral of minoriries to o\er

!0 per cent oI the population

The USA is a country of immigtants,

but today's riewcomers are different

Immigtants in the nineteenth and

ear-1y twentieth centuries became part of

the great American melting pot They

learnt the language and integrated into

today's immigrants keep their own

cu1-ture They have their own TV

chan-ne1s, daily ne\rrspapers and magazines

disappeared in many places Parts of

Fiorida, Califotnia and Texas are now

Spanish-speaking The Hispanic

companies ptoduce adverts in

Spanish In a huge supermarket in

Rockville, Maryiand, evcry custome r is

from the Far East You'1i hear

Japanese, I(orean and Chinese, but

;

35

4 The future

L&s*er:&m& emd

1 You will hear the messages on Jack

a lEl a.-] Listen and matclr thc people and

messages

Teresa going to the States

return call

no messagelong meetingpartytraffic jam on the M25results of the Dutch project

I

Conversation pieces: Leaving messages

a Complete the answerphone message

66 H.ttn" Wcrternutrt Internutiona,l Mr If otermon,'soffi.ce I'rn therc's nobodv ir tlrc

ot the m.ornerut, bu,t if vrtttyour ruume and

mother

ufter the torue Thunk you ))

b Complete the expressions wlth these verbs

ring put drop r."*rn g*

get call be phone have

b Answer these questions

I Where is Mrs Waterman?

2 When will shc phone her husband?

I When does Sarah Jones thlnk she will arrive?

4 Why does she leave a telephone number?

5 Where will Dennis be this afternoon?

7 What does Teresa want to talk about?

8 How long will she be away?

9 What does Jack's son wanl?

lA s.l Listen again and chcck

m*u"

\-:"""'{.:-"ii,j&

l'll _ back to you

I'm _about the results

I'll _ them in the post

I'll _ youoring

in case you wont to

-

me back.

l'm just your coll.

I'll _a chot with them,

I'll _you a line,

l'll _ in touch

I'm just to soy .,.

c EI 4.-l Listen again and check your answers,

'

'l' ,', {.I I | |

hit

this

eatsleephe'sreachheatthese

wi ll for spontaneous decisions

We also use will when we make decisions as we

are speaking

a Look at these sentences from the answerphone

messa9es,

Anywoy, l'll give you a coll this evening

As you're not there, I'll have o chot with theogency

b Look at tapescript 4.3 and underline more

examples with will for a spontaneous decision

secretary speaking to Mr Waterman

Mr Waterman the messages

Examplrs

There were some messages while you were out

Peter has got the results of the Dutch project He'll put them

in the post.

Your wife won't be back till tomorrow Her meeting

Take it in turns to be the caller and the secretary

Use these situations to leave messages

Caller Phone Mr Waterman and leave a message

with the secretary

Secretary Write down the message Check it back

with the caller

I You're going to be in London for four days

You're staying at the Great Western Hotel,Paddington You want to meet Mr Waterman

2 You've got a meeting with Mr Waterman at three

o'clock this afternoon, but you don't feel well

I You are Mr Waterman's son While you were at

your friend's house, someone stole the car

4 Mr Waterman phoned you yesterday for some

5 You had an interesting meeting this morning

You have some confidential information, but you

6 You're having dinner with Mr Waterman this

evening You're phoning to make thearrangements Tell him when and where you will

meel .

secretary

Use a tape recorder, at home or at school, to

practise leaving messages on an answerphone.

::: t ''

hl, h:l; sentence stress

1 The sounds hl and h:l

Some vowels are short, e.g lol (as in dog)

Some vowels are long, e.g lc:l (as in door)

The short/long difference is important, because it canshow two different words

Exal,Ipr,rs

cat lal cart ls'./

fit lrl feet li:l

In this unit you will practise one of these short/longdifferences: ltl and lt./ You will practise others inIater units

a Say these

hitl

iivewill

chipsit

fiil

b ffi a.+ Iisten and tick (/) the words you hear

C m 4.5 Listen again and repeat

Sentence stress

are stressed equally This is the same for sentences.Not al1 of the syllables are stressed equally

ffi a.f Listen to these sentences What kind ofwords have the stress?

rOorOr

I'lI see you tomorrow

OooaWhat do you want?

a aa a o e O

I'm going to have a drink.

ffi a.z Each sentence in the conversation has two

stressed syilables Listen and mark them

A Where are you going?

B I'm going to the shops

A Can I come with you?

B Yes, if you like

A Are you taking the car?

A But it's starting to rain

B That doesn't matter

A Oh, I'11 stay at home then

ffi a.zlisten and check

ffi a.z Listen again and repeat

g

37

ffiw:k*mwx*m; Www&amffi mm& &*w%wmsmffi

4 The future

frorn One-Way Ticket, a book of

short stories in the Oxford

Bookworm

and events

Read the story quickly Match the

places and events

Two American girlsgot on the train

Melanie and Carol

are going to meetTom at the weekend

Tom bought a trainticket

The girls got off thetrain

Tom worked in a

hotel for three weeks

Tom went to therestaurant car with

Melanie

I Wl-rat is Tom's job?

2 Why was he on the train?

I How did the girls find out Tom's

nanle?

4 How old are Tom and the girls?

5 Why were the girls on the train?

restaurant car?

7 Why was Tom surprised when the

girls got off the train?

8 Whcre and whcn are the girls

meeting Tom again?

9 Where and when did thc train

stop?

What do you think will hapPen in

the story? Give reasons for Your

predictions.

36

South for tbe Winter

I never stay in one country for a long time It gets boring I like to

I like to go south in the winter - Cyprus, or perhaps North Africa Lif-e is easier in the sun, and northern Europe can get Yerycold in the winter Last year I was in Venice for October I did some

I always go by train r.vhen I can I like trains You can walk about

on a train, and you meet a lot of people

I left Venice ancl went on to Trieste There I got a cheap ticket

for the slow train to Sofia, in Bulgaria It takes a day and a haif, butrhe express was too expensive

The train left Trieste at nine o'clock on a Thursday morning.

There weren't many people on it at first, but at T.agreb mctre

people got oo Two girls went along the corridor, past my

in The train left Zagreb and I looked out of the rc'indow for about

compartment.

'Hil' tirey said

'Yoi-r're American,' I said 'Or Canadian Rigirt?'

rlurn lives in Burnham-on-Sea, UK Right?' 'How did you know all that?' I asked

The second girl laughed 'She looked at your passport' It's ill

'Oh Rigirt.' My coat was on the seat next to rne I took my

passport out of my pocket antl put it in my bag in tire iuggage rack''Who are you, then?' I asked

liked Europe, the1, said They knew a 1ot of places - Britain,Germany, France, Spain, Italy, I{ungarv, Br-rlgaria, Greece 'T'hey seen:red iike nice girls They were older than nte, perhaps

laughecl for l-rours I told them a ior of stories about my life Some

of rhe stclries were true, some weren't But the girls laughedanywa),', and said I was a :ireat guy I asked them about tsuigaria,