Installation, storage and compute with windows server 2016 exam ref 70 740

Introduction Organization of this book Microsoft certifications Free ebooks from Microsoft Press Microsoft Virtual Academy Quick access to online references Errata, updates, & book suppo

Exam Ref 70-740 Installation, Storage and

Compute with Windows Server 2016

Craig Zacker

Exam Ref 70-740 Installation, Storage, and Compute with Windows Server 2016

Published with the authorization of Microsoft Corporation by: Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2017 by Craig Zacker

All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is protected

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No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher andauthor assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Nor is any liability assumed fordamages resulting from the use of the information contained herein

ISBN-13: 978-0-7356-9882-6

ISBN-10: 0-7356-9882-1

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016962646

First Printing January 2017

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Contents at a glance

Introduction

Preparing for the exam

CHAPTER 1 Install Windows Servers in host and compute environments

CHAPTER 2 Implement storage solutions

CHAPTER 3 Implement Hyper-V

CHAPTER 4 Implement Windows containers

CHAPTER 5 Implement high availability

CHAPTER 6 Maintain and monitor server environments

Index

Introduction

Organization of this book

Microsoft certifications

Free ebooks from Microsoft Press

Microsoft Virtual Academy

Quick access to online references

Errata, updates, & book support

We want to hear from you

Stay in touch

Preparing for the exam

Chapter 1 Install Windows Servers in host and compute environments

Skill 1.1: Install, upgrade, and migrate servers and workloads

Determine Windows Server 2016 installation requirements

Determine appropriate Windows Server 2016 editions per workloads

Install Windows Server 2016

Install Windows Server 2016 features and roles

Install and configure Windows Server Core

Manage Windows Server Core installations using Windows PowerShell, commandline, and remote management capabilities

Implement Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration (DSC) to install andmaintain integrity of installed environments

Perform upgrades and migrations of servers and core workloads from WindowsServer 2008 and Windows Server 2012 to Windows Server 2016

Determine the appropriate activation model for server installation

Skill 1.2: Install and configure Nano Server

Determine appropriate usage scenarios and requirements for Nano Server

Install Nano Server

Implement Roles and Features on Nano Server

Manage and configure Nano Server

Managing Nano Server remotely using PowerShell

Skill 1.3: Create, manage, and maintain images for deployment

Plan for Windows Server virtualization

Plan for Linux and FreeBSD deployments

Assess virtualization workloads using the Microsoft Assessment and Planning(MAP) Toolkit

Determine considerations for deploying workloads into virtualized environmentsUpdate images with patches, hotfixes, and drivers

Install Roles and Features in offline images

Manage and maintain Windows Server Core, Nano Server images, and VHDs usingWindows PowerShell

Chapter summary

Thought experiment

Thought experiment answer

Chapter 2 Implement storage solutions

Skill 2.1: Configure disks and volumes

Configure sector sizes appropriate for various workloads

Configure GUID partition table (GPT) disks

Create VHD and VHDX files using Server Manager or Windows PowerShell

Mount Virtual Hard Disks (VHDs)

Determine when to use NTFS and ReFS File Systems

Configure NFS and SMB shares using Server Manager

Configure SMB share and session settings using Windows PowerShell

Configure SMB server and SMB client configuration settings using Windows

PowerShell

Configure file and folder permissions

Skill 2.2: Implement server storage

Configure storage pools

Implement simple, mirror, and parity storage layout options for disks or enclosuresConfigure tiered storage

Configure iSCSI target and initiator

Configure iSNS

Configure Datacenter Bridging (DCB)

Configure Multipath I/O (MPIO)

Determine usage scenarios for Storage Replica

Implement Storage Replica for server-to-server, cluster-to-cluster, and stretch

cluster scenarios

Skill 2.3: Implement data deduplication

Implement and configure deduplication

Determine appropriate usage scenarios for deduplication

Monitor deduplication

Implement a backup and restore solution with deduplication

Chapter summary

Thought experiment

Thought experiment answer

Chapter 3 Implement Hyper-V

Skill 3.1: Install and configure Hyper-V

Determine hardware and compatibility requirements for installing Hyper-VInstall Hyper-V

Install management tools

Upgrade from existing versions of Hyper-V

Delegate virtual machine management

Perform remote management of Hyper-V hosts

Configure virtual machines using Windows PowerShell Direct

Implement nested virtualization

Skill 3.2: Configure virtual machine (VM) settings

Creating a virtual machine

Add or remove memory in running a VM

Configure dynamic memory

Configure Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) support

Configure smart paging

Configure resource metering

Manage Integration Services

Create and configure Generation 1 and 2 VMs and determine appropriate usagescenarios

Implement enhanced session mode

Create Linux and FreeBSD VMs

Install and configure Linux Integration Services (LIS)

Install and configure FreeBSD Integration Services (BIS)

Implement Secure Boot for Windows and Linux environments

Move and convert VMs from previous versions of Hyper-V to Windows Server

2016 Hyper-V

Export and import VMs

Implement Discrete Device Assignment (DDA)

Skill 3.3: Configure Hyper-V storage

Create VHDs and VHDX files using Hyper-V Manager

Create shared VHDX files

Configure differencing disks

Modify virtual hard disks

Configure pass-through disks

Resize a virtual hard disk

Manage checkpoints

Implement production checkpoints

Implement a virtual fibre channel adapter

Configure Storage Quality of Service (QoS)

Skill 3.4: Configure Hyper-V networking

Add and remove virtual network interface cards (vNICs)

Configure Hyper-V virtual switches

Optimize network performance

Configure MAC addresses

Configure network isolation

Configure synthetic and legacy virtual network adapters

Configure NIC teaming in VMs

Configure virtual machine queue (VMQ)

Enable Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) on network adapters bound to aHyper-V virtual switch using Switch Embedded Teaming (SET)

Configure bandwidth management

Chapter summary

Thought experiment

Thought experiment answer

Chapter 4 Implement Windows containers

Skill 4.1: Deploy Windows containers

Determine installation requirements and appropriate scenarios for Windowscontainers

Install and configure Windows Server Container Host in physical or virtualizedenvironments

Install and configure Windows Server container host to Windows Server Core orNano Server in a physical or virtualized environment

Install Docker on Windows Server and Nano Server

Configure Docker Daemon start-up options

Configure Windows PowerShell for use with containers

Install a base operating system

Tag an image

Uninstall an operating system image

Create Windows Server containers

Create Hyper-V containers

Skill 4.2: Manage Windows containers

Manage Windows or Linux containers using the Docker daemon

Manage Windows or Linux containers using Windows PowerShell

Manage container networking

Manage container data volumes

Manage resource control

Create new container images using Dockerfile

Manage container images using DockerHub Repository for public and privatescenarios

Manage container images using Microsoft Azure

Chapter summary

Thought experiment

Thought experiment answer

Chapter 5 Implement high availability

Skill 5.1: Implement high availability and disaster recovery options in Hyper-VImplement Hyper-V Replica

Implement live migration

Implement shared nothing live migration

Configure CredSSP or Kerberos authentication protocol for Live MigrationImplement storage migration

Skill 5.2: Implement failover clustering

Implement workgroup, single, and multi domain clusters

Configure quorum

Configure cluster networking

Restore single node or cluster configuration

Configure cluster storage

Implement cluster-aware updating

Implement cluster operating system rolling upgrade

Configure and optimize clustered shared volumes (CSVs)

Configure clusters without network names

Implement Scale-Out File Server (SoFS)

Determine different scenarios for the use of SoFS vs clustered file serverDetermine usage scenarios for implementing guest clustering

Implement a clustered Storage Spaces solution using shared SAS storageenclosures

Implement Storage Replica

Implement cloud witness

Implement VM resiliency

Implement shared VHDX as a storage solution for guest clusters

Skill 5.3: Implement Storage Spaces Direct

Determine scenario requirements for implementing Storage Spaces DirectEnable Storage Spaces direct using Windows PowerShell

Implement a disaggregated Storage Spaces Direct scenario in a clusterImplement a hyper-converged Storage Spaces Direct scenario in a clusterSkill 5.4: Manage failover clustering

Configure role-specific settings, including continuously available sharesConfigure VM monitoring

Configure failover and preference settings

Implement stretch and site-aware failover clusters

Enable and configure node fairness

Skill 5.5: Manage VM movement in clustered nodes

Perform a live migration

Perform a quick migration

Perform a storage migration

Import, export, and copy VMs

Configure VM network health protection

Configure drain on shutdown

Skill 5.6: Implement Network Load Balancing (NLB)

Configure NLB prerequisites

Install NLB nodes

Configure affinity

Configure port rules

Configure cluster operation mode

Upgrade an NLB cluster

Chapter summary

Thought experiment

Thought experiment answer

Chapter 6 Maintain and monitor server environments

Skill 6.1: Maintain server installations

Implement Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) solutions

Configure WSUS groups

Manage patch management in mixed environments

Implement an antimalware solution with Windows Defender

Integrate Windows Defender with WSUS and Windows Update

Perform backup and restore operations using Windows Server Backup

Determine backup strategies for different Windows Server roles and workloads,including Hyper-V Host, Hyper-V Guests, Active Directory, File Servers, and WebServers using Windows Server 2016 native tools and solutions

Skill 6.2: Monitor server installations

Monitor workloads using Performance Monitor

Configure data collector sets

Determine appropriate CPU, memory, disk, and networking counters for storageand compute workloads

What do you think of this book? We want to hear from you!

Microsoft is interested in hearing your feedback so we can continually improve our books and learning resources for you To participate in a brief online survey, please visit:

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Many Windows Server books take the approach of teaching you every detail about theproduct Such books end up being huge and tough to read Not to mention that rememberingeverything you read is incredibly challenging That’s why those books aren’t the best

choice for preparing for a certification exam such as the Microsoft Exam 70-740,

“Installation, Storage, and Compute with Windows Server 2016.” For this book, we focus

on your review of the Windows Server skills that you need to maximize your chances ofpassing the exam Our goal is to cover all of the skills measured on the exam, while

bringing a real-world focus to the information This book shouldn’t be your only resourcefor exam preparation, but it can be your primary resource We recommend combining theinformation in this book with some hands-on work in a lab environment (or as part of yourjob in a real-world environment)

The 70-740 exam is geared toward IT professionals who have a minimum of 3 years ofexperience working with Windows Server That doesn’t mean you can’t take and pass theexam with less experience, but it probably means that it will be harder Of course,

everyone is different It is possible to get the knowledge and skills required to pass the

70-740 exam in fewer than 3 years But whether you are a senior-level Windows Server

administrator or just a couple of years into your Windows Server journey, we think you’llfind the information in this book valuable as your primary exam prep resource

This book covers every major topic area found on the exam, but it does not cover everyexam question Only the Microsoft exam team has access to the exam questions, and

Microsoft regularly adds new questions to the exam, making it impossible to cover specificquestions You should consider this book a supplement to your relevant real-world

experience and other study materials If you encounter a topic in this book that you do notfeel completely comfortable with, use the “Need more review?” links you’ll find in the text

to find more information and take the time to research and study the topic Great

information is available on MSDN, TechNet, and in blogs and forums

Organization of this book

This book is organized by the “Skills measured” list published for the exam The “Skillsmeasured” list is available for each exam on the Microsoft Learning website:

https://aka.ms/examlist Each chapter in this book corresponds to a major topic area in thelist, and the technical tasks in each topic area determine a chapter’s organization If anexam covers six major topic areas, for example, the book will contain six chapters

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Important: How to use this book to study for the exam

Certification exams validate your on-the-job experience and product knowledge To gaugeyour readiness to take an exam, use this Exam Ref to help you check your understanding ofthe skills tested by the exam Determine the topics you know well and the areas in whichyou need more experience To help you refresh your skills in specific areas, we have alsoprovided “Need more review?” pointers, which direct you to more in-depth informationoutside the book

The Exam Ref is not a substitute for hands-on experience This book is not designed toteach you new skills

We recommend that you round out your exam preparation by using a combination ofavailable study materials and courses Learn more about available classroom training at

https://www.microsoft.com/learning Microsoft Official Practice Tests are available formany exams at https://aka.ms/practicetests You can also find free online courses and liveevents from Microsoft Virtual Academy at https://www.microsoftvirtualacademy.com.This book is organized by the “Skills measured” list published for the exam The “Skillsmeasured” list for each exam is available on the Microsoft Learning website:

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Note that this Exam Ref is based on this publicly available information and the author’sexperience To safeguard the integrity of the exam, authors do not have access to the examquestions

Chapter 1 Install Windows Servers in host and compute environments

Windows Server 2016 provides administrators with a variety of ways to deploy servers.You can install the operating system on a physical computer, as always, but you can alsocreate a virtual deployment, using Hyper-V virtual machines and also the new Nano Serverinstallation option

Important Have you read page xix?

It contains valuable information regarding the skills you need to pass the

exam

Skills in this chapter:

Install, upgrade, and migrate servers and workloads

Install and configure Nano Server

Create, manage, and maintain images for deployment

Skill 1.1: Install, upgrade, and migrate servers and workloads

There is more to installing Windows Server 2016 than running a setup wizard Deployingservers, however you choose to do it, requires careful planning before you touch any

hardware This planning includes selecting the proper operating system edition and the bestinstallation option for your organization’s needs If you have existing servers running priorWindows Server versions, you must decide how to upgrade or migrate them to WindowsServer 2016

This section covers how to:

Determine Windows Server 2016 installation requirements

Determine appropriate Windows Server 2016 editions per workloads

Install Windows Server 2016

Install Windows Server 2016 features and roles

Install and configure Windows Server Core

Manage Windows Server Core installations using Windows PowerShell,

command line, and remote management capabilities

Implement Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration (DSC) to

install and maintain integrity of installed environments

Perform upgrades and migrations of servers and core workloads from

Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2012 to Windows Server 2016

Determine the appropriate activation model for server installation, such as

Automatic Virtual Machine Activation (AVMA), Key Management Service

(KMS), and Active Directory-based Activation

Determine Windows Server 2016 installation requirements

Planning a Windows Server 2016 installation requires several important decisions thataffect not only the initial deployment of the server, but also its ongoing maintenance Whilethe Windows installation process is relatively simple, there are options to be consideredboth before you purchase the server hardware and the operating system, and after the initialinstallation is complete

Some of the questions you must consider when planning a server deployment are asfollows:

Which Windows Server 2016 edition should you install? Microsoft provides

Windows Server 2016 in several editions, which vary in the features they include,the resources they support, and the cost of the license The details of the editions aredescribed later in this chapter

Which installation option should you use? Most of the Windows Server 2016

editions include two installation options: Desktop Experience and Server Core.Desktop Experience includes all of the Windows features and a full graphical userinterface (GUI) Server Core has a minimal user interface and a significantly reducedresource footprint, so it can utilize less memory and disk space than a Desktop

Experience installation There is also a third installation option, Nano Server, whichrequires an even smaller resource footprint, but this option does not appear in theinitial installation wizard; you deploy Nano Server later, using Windows

PowerShell

Which roles and features does the server need? The type and number of roles and

features you plan to install can greatly affect the hardware resources the server willneed, as well as the edition you purchase For example, complex roles such as

Active Directory Certificate Services and Failover Clustering typically require

additional resources and are not available in all editions Third-party applicationsalso affect resource utilization

What virtualization strategy should you use? The increased emphasis on

virtualization in enterprise networking has profoundly altered the server deploymentprocess The ease with which administrators can migrate virtual machines from onehost server to another has led then to consider not only what roles the physical serverruns, but what roles could be needed on any virtual servers it is hosting It is alsoimportant to consider what resources could be required if a server has to host

additional virtual machines during a disaster situation.

By answering these questions, you can begin to determine what resources a server willneed Microsoft publishes minimum hardware requirements for a Windows Server 2016installation, but it is difficult to predict just what resources a server will need to run

efficiently, once you have installed all of the roles, features, and applications it requires tofunction

Minimum hardware requirements

If your computer does not meet the following minimum hardware specifications, WindowsServer 2016 will not install correctly (or possibly not install at all):

Processor: 1.4-GHz 64-bit

RAM: 512 MB ECC for Server Core, 2 GB ECC for Server with Desktop

Experience

Disk space: 32 GB minimum on a SATA or comparable drive

Network adapter: Ethernet, with gigabit throughout

Monitor: Super VGA (1024 x 768) or higher resolution

Keyboard and mouse (or other compatible pointing device)

Windows Server 2016 does not support the use of the ATA, PATA, IDE, or EIDE

interfaces for boot, page, or data drives The system partition also needs additional space

if you install the system over a network or if the computer has more than 16 GB of RAM.The additional disk space is required for paging, hibernation, and dump files

Note Installing a Minimum Hardware Configuration

A Windows Server 2016 installation on a virtual machine with the minimum

single processor core and 512 MB of RAM fails However, you can allocate

more memory for the installation and then reduce it 512 MB afterwards, and

the operating system runs

Maximum hardware and virtualization limits

Virtualization has complicated the issue of the maximum hardware configurations

supported by Windows Server 2016 It’s no longer a simple matter of how many

processors, how much memory, and largest possible disk size While processor maximumswere at one time measured in the number of sockets, now they refer to numbers of cores

and logical processors There are now also different maximums for physical and virtualmachines in some resources.

The maximum hardware configurations for Windows Server 2016 are as follows:

Processors A server host supports up to 512 logical processors (LPs) if Hyper-V is

installed

Memory Up to 24 terabytes per host server and up to 12 terabytes per virtual

machine

VHDX size Up to 64 terabytes.

Virtual machines Up to 1,024 per host server.

Virtual machine processors Up to 240 per virtual machine.

Note Understanding LPs

Intel processors have a feature called hyperthreading, which enables a single

core to process two threads simultaneously when Hyper-V is running Thus,

an Intel processor is considered to have two LPs per core when Hyper-V is

running and one LP per core when it is not In an AMD processor with

multiple cores, each core is equivalent to one LP

Determine appropriate Windows Server 2016 editions per workloads

Windows Server 2016 is available in multiple editions, with varying prices and features

To select an edition for your server deployment, you should consider the following

questions:

What roles and features will you need to run on the server?

How will you obtain licenses for the servers?

Will you be running Windows Server 2016 on virtual or physical machines?

The current trend in server deployment is to use relatively small servers that perform asingle task, rather than large servers that perform many tasks In cloud deployments,

whether public, private, or hybrid, it is common to see virtual machines performing onerole, such as a web server or a DNS server It is for this reason that Microsoft introducedthe Server Core installation option in Windows Server 2008 and Nano Server in WindowsServer 2016, so that virtual machines could function with a smaller resource footprint.Before you choose an installation option, however, you must select the appropriateWindows Server 2016 edition for the server workload you intend to implement The

Windows Server 2016 editions are as follows:

Windows Server 2016 Datacenter The Datacenter edition is intended for large and

powerful servers in a highly virtualized environment The license allows for anunlimited number of operating system environments (OSEs) or Hyper-V containers

The Datacenter edition also includes additional features not available in the othereditions, such as Storage Spaces Direct, Storage Replica, shielded virtual machines,and a new networking stack with additional virtualization options.

Windows Server 2016 Standard The Standard edition license allows for two OSEs

and includes the same core set of features as the Datacenter edition However, itlacks the new storage and networking features listed in the Datacenter description

Windows Server 2016 Essentials The Essentials edition includes nearly all the

features in the Standard and Datacenter editions; it does not include the Server Coreinstallation option The Essentials edition is also limited to one OSE (physical orvirtual) and a maximum of 25 users and 50 devices Unlike the Standard and

Datacenter editions, Essential includes a configuration wizard that installs and

configures Active Directory Domain Services and other essential components neededfor a single-server network

Windows Server 2016 MultiPoint Premium Server Available only through

academic licensing, the Multipoint edition enables multiple users to access a singleserver installation

Windows Storage Server 2016 Server Available only through original equipment

manufacturer (OEM) channels, the Storage Server edition is bundled as part of adedicated storage hardware solution

Windows Hyper-V Server 2016 Available at no cost, the Hyper-V Server edition is

a hypervisor-only download, without a graphical interface, that hosts virtual

machines as its only function

Note Understanding OSEs

Microsoft now uses the term operating system environment (OSE) to refer to

the Windows instances running on a computer An OSE can be physical or

virtual For example, a server running one virtual machine in Hyper-V would

be using two OSEs because the physical server installation counts for one

The Standard edition license therefore enables you to run one virtual machine

in Hyper-V

In Windows Server 2012, the Datacenter and Standard editions were functionally

identical The only difference was in the number of Hyper-V virtual machines the licenseauthorized you to create In Windows Server 2016, the Datacenter edition includes severalnew features that could affect your decision to choose that edition over Standard The

features in the Datacenter edition that are not included in the Standard edition are as

follows:

Storage Spaces Direct Enables administrators to use relatively inexpensive drive

arrays to create high-availability storage solutions Instead of using an expensive

array or controller with built-in storage management intelligence, the intelligence isincorporated into the operating system, enabling the use of inexpensive JBOD (just abunch of disks) arrays.

Storage Replica Provides storage-agnostic, synchronous or asynchronous volume

replication between local or remote servers, using the Server Message Blocks

Version 3 protocol

Shielded virtual machines Provides VMs with protection from compromised

administrators that have access to the Hyper-V host computer by encrypting the VMstate and its virtual disks

Network controller Provides a central automation point for network infrastructure

configuration, monitoring, and troubleshooting

For most organizations, the selection of an edition will be based on cost The Essentialsedition is inexpensive and easy to deploy, but it is limited in its features For a small

organization, it can be ideal, however

For medium to large-sized organizations, the typical choice is between the Standard andDatacenter editions If the new Datacenter features are not important to you, the decisionwill likely be based on your virtualization strategy If the plan is for a server to run a

relatively small number of virtual machines, it could be more economical to purchasemultiple Standard edition licenses than one Datacenter license At the current prices, youcan purchase up to seven Standard licenses (with two OSEs each) for less than the cost of

a single Datacenter license

Another issue to consider is your organization’s potential for growth If you intend to run

10 virtual machines now, it could be better to spend a few hundred dollars more for aDatacenter license, which provides unlimited OSEs for future expansion, rather than fiveStandard licenses

Exam Tip

The 70-740 exam can include licensing questions in which you must determine

which Windows edition and how many licenses are needed to support a

specific number of virtual machines on a Hyper-V server, while minimizing

the licensing cost

Install Windows Server 2016

The process of installing Windows Server 2016 can be relatively simple, when you areperforming a clean installation on a single, new computer It can also be extremely

complex, when you are automating a mass deployment or migrating existing servers to thenew operating system

Performing a clean installation

A clean installation—also called a bare-metal installation—is when you are installing anoperating system on a computer that does not already have one To do this, you must havethe operating system files on a bootable installation medium Windows Server 2016 is stillavailable on a bootable DVD, but most administrators download the installation package

as a disk image file with an ISO extension

To install an ISO on a physical computer, you have to burn it to a removable disk,such as a flash drive or a DVD You can do this on any other computer running

Windows Server 2016 or Windows 10 by selecting the ISO in File Manager, and thenselecting the Disk Image Tools\Manage menu, and clicking the Burn button

To install Windows Server 2016 on a virtual machine in Hyper-V, you can use theISO file directly When you create a VM, you can specify the ISO as you configurethe virtual DVD drive When you start the VM, the ISO appears and functions as abootable disk on the system

Once you have a bootable disk, you can perform a clean installation of Windows Server

2016 on a physical machine using the following procedure

1 Turn on the computer and insert the Windows Server 2016 installation flash drive or

disk

2 Press any key to boot from the installation medium (if necessary) A progress

indicator screen appears as Windows loads files

Note Modifying BIOS Settings

The device that a PC uses to boot is specified in its system (or BIOS) settings

In some cases, you could have to modify these settings to enable the computer

to boot from the installation medium you are using If you are not familiar with

the operation of a particular computer, watch the screen carefully as the

system starts and look for an instruction specifying what key to press to access

the system settings

3 The computer loads the graphical user interface and the Windows Setup page

appears, as shown in Figure 1-1

FIGURE 1-1 The Windows Setup page

4 Using the drop-down lists provided, select the appropriate Language To Install,

Time And Currency Format, and Keyboard Or Input Method, and then click Next.Another Windows Setup page appears

5 Click Install Now The Windows Setup Wizard appears, displaying the Select The

Operating System You Want To Install page

6 Select the operating system edition and installation option you want to install and

click Next The Applicable Notices And License Terms page appears

7 Select the I Accept The License Terms check box and click Next The Which Type

Of Installation Do You Want page appears, as shown in Figure 1-2

FIGURE 1-2 The Which Type Of Installation Do You Want page

8 Because you are performing a clean installation and not an upgrade, click the

Custom: Install Windows Only (Advanced) option The Where Do You Want ToInstall Windows page appears, as shown in Figure 1-3

FIGURE 1-3 The Where Do You Want To Install Windows page

9 From the list provided, select the partition on which you want to install Windows

Server 2016, or select an area of unallocated disk space where the Setup programcan create a new partition Then click Next The Installing Windows page appears

10 After several minutes, during which the Setup program installs Windows Server

2016, the computer restarts and the Customize Settings page appears, as shown in

Figure 1-4

FIGURE 1-4 The Customize Settings page

11 In the Password and Reenter Password text boxes, type the password to be

associated with the system’s local Administrator account and press Enter The systemfinalizes the installation and the Windows lock screen appears

Working with partitions

In some cases, as you install Windows Server 2016, you could find it necessary to workwith your disks and partitions For this reason, the Setup program includes controls on theWhere Do You Want To Install Windows page that enable you to create, manage, and deletethe partitions on your disks

The buttons on the page have the following functions:

Refresh Displays partitions that are available as the result of a newly loaded driver Load driver Enables you to add disk drivers from an external medium, such as a

CD-ROM, DVD, or USB drive

Delete Removes an existing partition from a disk, permanently erasing all its data.

You might want to delete partitions to consolidate unallocated disk space, enablingyou to create a new, larger partition

Extend Enables you to make an existing partition larger, as long as unallocated

space is available immediately following the selected partition on the disk

Format Enables you to format an existing partition on a disk, thereby erasing all its

data You do not need to format any new partitions you create for the install, but youmight want to format an existing partition to eliminate unwanted files before

installing Windows Server 2012 R2 on it

New Creates a new partition of a user-specified size in the selected area of

unallocated space

Sometimes, during an installation, you might see no partitions listed at all on the Where

Do You Want To Install Windows page This page lists the partitions on all the computer’sdisk drives that the Setup program can detect with its default drivers If no partitionsappear, it is because the computer’s disk controller requires a device driver that is notincluded in the Windows default driver set Some high-end controllers, such as those fordisk arrays, require their own drivers, which you can install during the Setup process.Check the disk controller manufacturer’s website for a driver supporting WindowsServer 2016, or another recent version of Windows Server, and use the following

procedure to install it

1 On the Where Do You Want To Install Windows page, click the Load Driver button.

A Load Driver message box appears, as shown in Figure 1-5

FIGURE 1-5 The Load Driver message box

2 Insert the storage medium containing the driver into the computer You can supply

drivers on a CD, DVD, USB flash drive, or floppy disk

3 Click OK if the driver is in the root directory of the storage medium, or Browse if

you need to locate the driver in the directory structure of the disk A list of the

drivers found on the disk appears on the Select The Driver To Install page

4 Select one of the drivers in the list, and click Next.

5 When the driver loads, the partitions and unallocated space on the associated disks

appear in the list on the Where Do You Want To Install Windows page

6 Select the partition or area of unallocated space where you want to install Windows

Server 2016, and then continue with the rest of the installation procedure, as coveredearlier in this chapter

Performing a mass deployment

When you have a large number of servers to install, you can conceivably mount a disk andperform a manual installation on each one, but that can become impractical For a massoperating system deployment, you can use a server-based technology, such as WindowsDeployment Services (WDS), to deploy image files automatically

WDS is a role included with Windows Server 2016, which you can use to provide diskimages to clients on the network For this to work, however, the client must have some way

to contact the WDS server and initiate the process WDS enables you to create boot

images, which you can burn to removable disks, but this still requires you to travel to eachcomputer and run through the installation process

A better way of deploying the WDS boot image is to use the Preboot Execution

Environment (PXE) feature included with most network interface adapters PXE is built

into the adapter’s firmware and enables a computer with no operating system to discover aDynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server on the network and request a

configuration from it The DHCP server supplies the client with the IP address of a WDSserver, which the client then uses to connect to the server and download a boot image Theclient system can then boot from that image and run a WDS client program that initiates theoperating system installation

Installing and configuring an automated software deployment service, such as WDS orSystem Center Configuration Manager, can be a complex task in itself It is up to the

administrators to decide whether the number of servers they have to deploy is worth thetime and expense

Install Windows Server 2016 features and roles

Windows Server 2016 includes predefined combinations of services, called roles, which

are designed to configure the server to perform specific tasks The operating system also

includes other, smaller components called features Windows Server 2016 can run as many

roles as it has the hardware resources to support, but the current trend is toward more

specialized servers that run only one or two roles

To add roles and features in Windows Server 2016, you can use a graphical wizard inthe Server Manager console, or you can install them from the Windows PowerShell

command line, as described in the following sections

Using Server Manager to install roles

To install roles and services on a computer running Windows Server 2016 with ServerManager, use the following procedure:

1 In Server Manager, open the Manage menu and select Add Roles And Features The

Add Roles And Features Wizard launches

2 Bypass the Before You Begin page to proceed to the Select Installation Type page, as

shown in Figure 1-6

FIGURE 1-6 The Select Installation Type page in the Add Roles And Features Wizard

3 Click Next to accept the default Role-Based or Feature-Based Installation option

selected The Select Destination Server page appears, as shown in Figure 1-7

FIGURE 1-7 The Select Destination Server page in the Add Roles And Features Wizard

4 Click Next to accept the default server settings The Select Server Roles page opens,

as shown in Figure 1-8

FIGURE 1-8 The Select Server Roles page in the Add Roles And Features Wizard

Note Configuring Multiple Servers

When you first run Server Manager, only the local server appears on the

Select Destination Server page However, you can add other servers to ServerManager, enabling you to manage them remotely When you do this, you canuse the Add Roles And Features Wizard to install components to any serveryou have added, though you cannot use it to install components to multiple

servers at once You can, however, do this by using the

Install-WindowsFeature cmdlet in Windows PowerShell

5 Select the role or roles you want to install on the selected server If the roles you

select have other roles or features as dependencies, an Add Features That AreRequired dialog box appears

6 Click Add Features to accept the dependencies, and then click Next to open the

Select Features page, as shown in Figure 1-9

FIGURE 1-9 The Select Features page in the Add Roles And Features Wizard

7 Select any features you want to install on the selected server and click Next.

Dependencies could also appear for your feature selections

8 The wizard can display additional pages specific to the roles or features you have

selected Most roles have a Select Role Services page, on which you can selectwhich elements of the role you want to install, as shown in Figure 1-10 Some alsohave pages that contain introductory information or configuration settings Completeeach of the role-specific or feature-specific pages and click Next A Confirm

Installation Selections page appears

FIGURE 1-10 A Select Role Services page in the Add Roles And Features Wizard

9 On the Confirm Installation Selections page, you can perform the following optional

tasks:

Restart The Destination Server Automatically If Required Selecting this check

box causes the server to restart automatically when the installation is completed, ifthe selected roles and features require it

Export Configuration Settings Creates an XML script containing the procedures

performed by the wizard You can use the script to install the same configuration onanother server by using Windows PowerShell

Specify An Alternate Source Path Specifies the location of an image file

containing the software needed to install the selected roles and features In a

default Windows Server 2016 installation, this is not necessary, but if you havepreviously deleted the source files from the system using Features on Demand, youwill need an image file to install roles and features

10 Click Install to open the Installation Progress page Depending on the roles and

features you have selected, the wizard might display hyperlinks to the tools or

wizards needed to perform required post installation tasks When the installation is

complete, click Close to complete the wizard.

Using Windows PowerShell to install roles

For administrators who prefer working from the command line, or for those working onsystems using the Server Core installation option, it is also possible to install roles andfeatures using the Install-WindowsFeature cmdlet in Windows PowerShell The basicsyntax of the cmdlet is as follows:

Click here to view code image

install-windowsfeature -name featurename

[-includeallsubfeature]

[-includemanagementtools]

To install a role or feature, you must use a PowerShell session with administrativeprivileges Then, you must determine the correct name to use for the role or feature youwant to install To do this, you can list all of the available roles and features available inWindows by running the Get-WindowsFeature cmdlet, the first part of which is shown in

Figure 1-11

FIGURE 1-11 Output from the Get-WindowsFeature cmdlet

Note PowerShell Terminology

Windows PowerShell, in its command language, does not distinguish between

roles and features, as Server Manager does All of the components are

referred to as features and are installed using the Install-WindowsFeature

cmdlet There are no cmdlets that use the term role

The resulting list displays all of the roles first, and then all of the features The Namecolumn specifies the exact string you should use in the Name parameter of your Install-WindowsFeature command line

The check boxes specify which components are currently installed on the system Thelist is indented to show which components are subordinate role services or subfeatures, sothat you can install specific elements of a role, just as you can in Server Manager You canalso add the IncludeAllSubFeature parameter to install all of the subordinate componentsfor a role

Unlike Server Manager, which automatically includes the management tools associatedwith a role when you install it, the Install-WindowsFeature cmdlet does not If you want toinstall the Microsoft Management Console snap-in or other tools used to manage a role orfeature, you must add the IncludeManagementTools parameter on the command line

Install and configure Windows Server Core

For many network administrators, running a graphical user interface (GUI) on a server thatwill spend its life in a data center or server closet seems like a waste of resources In manycases, administrators rarely have to touch servers after their initial installation and

configuration, except to check logs, which can be done remotely Server Core is an

installation option in Windows Server 2016 that eliminates most of the GUI, leaving a

default screen with only a command line interface, as shown in Figure 1-12

FIGURE 1-12 The default Server Core screen in Windows Server 2016

Installing Server Core

When you install Windows Server 2016, the Select The Operating System You Want ToInstall page of the Windows Setup Wizard appears, with the Server Core option selected

by default, as shown in Figure 1-13 Unlike Windows Server 2012 R2, the term ServerCore does not appear on the page; the full GUI option is identified by the term DesktopExperience (In Windows Server 2012 R2, the options are called Server With A GUI andServer Core Installation.) With the exception of this page, the operating system installation

is the same as for the Desktop Experience option, described earlier in this chapter

FIGURE 1-13 The Select The Operating System You Want To Install page of the

Windows Setup Wizard

Exam Tip

In Windows Server 2016, you can no longer add or remove the GUI elements

after the operating system installation In addition, there is no Minimal Server

Interface option, as in Windows Server 2012 R2 This means that, at

installation time, you must choose between a full graphical interface, similar

to that of Windows 10, and a command line only In Windows Server 2012

R2, it was possible to install and configure the server using the full GUI

option, and then remove GUI features once the server was up and running

This is no longer possible Administrators familiar with this practice should

be aware of the change when taking Exam 70-740

When you select the Windows Server Core installation option, you get a stripped-downversion of the operating system There is no Taskbar, no Explorer shell, no Server

Manager, no Microsoft Management Console, and virtually no other graphical applications.However, the advantages of running servers using the Server Core option are several,including the following:

Hardware resource conservation Server Core eliminates some of the most

memory- and processor-intensive elements of the Windows Server 2016 operatingsystem, thus devoting more of the system resources to running applications and

essential services

Reduced disk space Server Core requires less disk space for the installed operating

system elements, as well as less storage space devoted to memory swapping, whichmaximizes the utilization of the server’s storage resources

Fewer updates The graphical elements of Windows Server 2016 are among the most

frequently updated features, so running Server Core reduces the number of updatesthat administrators must apply Fewer updates also means fewer server restarts andless downtime

Reduced attack surface The less software there is running on the computer, the

fewer entrances there are available for attackers to exploit Server Core reduces thepotential openings presented by the operating system, increasing its overall security

Configuring Server Core

To work interactively with a computer installed using the Server Core option, you can usethe CMD command line interface, or you can use Windows PowerShell It is also possible

to connect to the server remotely, using graphical tools such as Server Manager and MMCsnap-ins

Immediately after the installation, however, you might be forced to perform some basicpost-installation tasks interactively, such as configuring the network adapter, renaming thecomputer, and joining the server to a domain To complete these tasks on a computer

running Server Core using Windows PowerShell, you must first type powershell in the

CMD window to invoke a PowerShell session

If your network does not have a DHCP server to automatically configure the computer’snetwork adapter, you can do it manually with the New-NetIpAddress cmdlet First, youmust discover the interface index of the adapter by using the Get-NetAdapter cmdlet, whichproduces the output shown in Figure 1-14

FIGURE 1-14 Output of the Get-NetAdapter cmdlet