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Trang 1CHUYấN ĐỀ I Tenses ( Thời của động từ)
Present Simple (Hiện tại đơn)
- Sau các trờng hợp còn lại s đợc đọc là /z/
- Sau các phụ âm sh, ch, ss, x đuôi es đợc đọc là iz
- Những động từ tận cùng là phụ âm + y thì sang ngôi he, she, it y đổi thành i trớc khi
- I, we, you, they don't + V
- He, she , it doesn't + V
c Nghi vấn
- Do I / you/ we / they + V ?
- Does he/ she/ it + V ?
2 The use.
a Diễn tả mức độ thờng xuyên diễn ra của hành động ở hiện tại Thờng đi với always,
usually, often , sometimes, occasionally (thỉnh thoảng), rarely, seldom (hiếm khi), never, everyday, every week
một lầnhai lần một tuần/ một tháng/ một năm
ba lần
Eg : - He usually goes to the cinema
- We clean our house everyday
- Lan washes clothes twice a week
b Diễn tả điều luôn luôn đúng (sự thật), hoặc đã đúng trong một khoảng thời gian dài.
Eg : - Some animals don't eat during winter ( Một vài loài động vật không ăn vào mùa
đông)
- We are Vietnamese We speak Vietnamese
- He works in a bank
Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc:
1 They (go) on holiday every winter
2 The days (be) longer in summer
3 She often (talk) to herself
4 Oak trees (grow) very slowly
5 My dog (not eat) vegetables
6 My brother (not like) animals
7 Most people (not like) to visit a doctor
8 In his job she usually (stand)
9 My brother never (go) out in the evening
10
He usually (work) with paints and brushes
11 Do you know anyone who (speak) Italian?
12 At work he usually (sit) all day
13 (you ever work) at the weekend?
Exercise 2: Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ
gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời
Hans Huser is a ski-instructor He is
Swiss and he lives in Villars, a village in
the mountains In summer he works in asports shop and in winter he teachesskiing He speaks 4 languages : French,German, Italian and English He ismarried and has two children He playsfootball with them in his free time He'shappy with his family
1/ What / Hans Huser / do ?2/ Where/ he / come / from ?3/ he / live / city ?
4/ Where / he / work / summer ?5/ What / do / winter ?
6/ How many languages / he / speak ?7/ he / single ?
8/ How many children / he / have ?9/ What / he / do / free time ?10/ he / happy / family ?
Exercise 3: Đọc đoạn văn sau, điền một
từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống , sau đó dùng
từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời
Trang 2Alan is a lorry -driver He's 25 years
He works five days week Every
morning he gets up at 6 o'clock He
eats enormous breakfast at 6.30 He
two cups of tea Then he kisses
wife He leaves for work at 7.30 He
lunch in a transport cafe He home at
5 o'clock In the evening he goes to the
pub He goes to at 10.30
1/ What / Alan / do ?
2/ How many days / week / he work ?
3/ What time / he get up ?
4/ he / drink coffee / morning ?
5/ What time he / leave / work ?
6/ Where / he / have lunch ?
kết thúc là một phụ âm, trớc khi thêm ing
ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối
a Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện
tại, thờng đi với at the moment, at
present, now ( bây giờ , vào lúc này )
Eg : - I'm cooking at the moment
Eg : He's always losing his keys (Anh ta
cứ luôn đánh mất chìa khóa)
* Notes : Một số động từ không thờng
dùng ở dạng tiếp diễn : be, understand,
think (cho rằng), know, hear, love, like ,
stop , feel, smell, taste, sound
Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc:
1
What's that noise? Somebody (practise) t
he piano
2 She (have) a shower at the moment
3 Right now she (run) down a hill
8 - Where's Jim?
- He with friends.(to stay)
Exercise 2: Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ
gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời
It's a Sunday morning The sun is shining.Mary is watching TV in her room Herfather is reading newspapers Her mother
is cooking in the kitchen Mary has got adog It is playing with a cat in the garden.It's a nice dog and Mary loves it verymuch
1/ sun / shine ?2/ What Mary / do / now ?3/ father / read / newspapers ?4/ What / mother / do ?
5/ What / dog / do ?6/ Mary / love / dog ?
Exercise 3: Đọc lá th sau dùng từ gợi ý
đặt câu hỏi và trả lời
Dear Tom, Now I'm in Rio I'm staying in a bighotel It's very beautiful but expensive Inthe morning I usually go to the beach Isometimes go shopping in the afternoon.There are a lot of goods but I don't havemuch money In the evening I usuallystay in my room and watch TV At themoment, I'm eating a delicious cake andwriting this letter to you
Tomorrow I'm going to the TradeExhibition in the city centre Well, let mestop now, Give my love to everyone.Love,
Susan
1 Where / Susan / stay ?
2 Where / she / go / morning ?
3 What / she / do / evening ?
4 What / she / do / at the moment ?
Exercise 4: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở
đúng thời
1/ Hello, this is Dr Smith's office Who (speak) ?
2/ Hurry up ! The train (come)
3/ It is a lovely day The sun (shine) and the birds (sing)
4/ The Earth (go) round the Sun
5/ Some animals (not eat) during the winter
6/ - What Oanh (do) at the moment ?
- She (cook) She usually (cook) dinnerfor her family
7/ In the evening he often (play) chess with his door neighbour
Trang 38/ They (build) a new hospital in my town
11/ Look at those boys ! They (hurry)
home after school
12/ Your mother usually (catch) the 8.10
15/ - Mrs Lan (use) the computer now ?
- Yes, she usually (use) it for her work
16/ Minh sometimes (miss) his bus
17/ My uncle often (watch) TV in the
evening But right now he (write) a letter
18/- They (have) breakfast now ? - No,
21/ Tom can't have the newspaper now
because his aunt (read) it
22/ I'm busy at the moment I
(redecorate) the room
23/ The kettle (boil) now Shall I make
the tea ?
24/ I don't want to go out now because it
(rain) and I (not have) an umbrella
y, biến đổi bình thờng
Eg: - play - played
Eg : - stopped, washed, watched,
missed, fixed, cooked
- Đuôi ed đợc đọc là d sau các trờng hợp
- yesterday
- last night (tối hôm qua ) week ( tuần trớc ) month ( tháng trớc ) year ( năm trớc )
- 2 days ago (hai ngày/
tuần trớc đây) weeks Eg: - We played football yesterday
* Đi với when trong câu hỏi về hành
động trong quá khứ
Eg : - When did you see him ?
- I saw him this morning
Exercise : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở
3/ It usually (rain) a lot in summer but it (rain) a little last summer
4/ -When John (leave) home ? -He (leave)
5 minutes ago
5/ What you (do) last Sunday ?
- I (have) a holiday in New York
Exercise : Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời
Last year David went to Barcelona forhis holiday He went by air and stayed in
a big hotel in the city centre He stayedthere for 5 days When he was there, hevisited many beautiful places inBarcelona He took many photographsand bought a lot of souvenirs for hisfriends He enjoyed the holiday verymuch
1/ When / David / go / Barcelona ?2/ How long / stay ?
3/ How / he / go / Barcelona?
4/ Where / he / stay ?5/ he / take / a lot / photographs ?6/ What / he / buy ?
Past Continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
2 The use
Trang 4a Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại
một thời điểm trong quá khứ Thờng đi
với at 2 o'clock / at this time
yesterday (Vào lúc 2 giờ / thời
điểm này ngày hôm qua )
Eg : - They were swimming at 8 a.m
yesterday
b Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra trong
quá khứ thì có một hành động khác (thời
quá khứ đơn) xảy tới Trong các câu này
thờng có While , As (Trong khi), When
(Khi, trong khi)
Eg : - While I was going home, I saw
an accident (Tôi thấy tai nạn trong khi
đang về nhà)
As
When
- Mai was cooking when I came
(Khi tôi đến Mai đang nấu nớng)
- When I came Mai was cooking
c Đi với all yesterday morning
Eg : - They were dancing all yesterday
morning (Họ khiêu vũ cả buổi sáng)
d While đợc sử dụng trong câu có 2 hành
động ở thời quá khứ tiếp diễn
Eg : While I was reading, my sister was
6/ We (drink) a lot of beer at the party the
day before yesterday
7/ They (build) a new bridge when I was
there 2 months ago
8/ He (sit) in a cafe when I saw him
9/ My company (make) a lot of profits 5
years ago
10/ What you (do) when I phoned you on
Monday ?
11/ While the two thieves (argue),
someone (steal) their car
12/ When he was a boy at school, Edison
(ask) a lot of questions The teacher
(think) he was stupid and she (send) him
home Edison's mother (teach) her son at
home and he (begin) to carry out a lot of
experiments
13/ - You (visit) the zoo yesterday ?
- Yes, I did When I (go) there, I (see) our
b Phủ định : S +
haven't + PII hasn't
c Nghi vấn : Have +
S + PII ? Has
Eg : - I've just cleaned my house (Tôi
vừa mới lau nhà)
b Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhng không nhắc tới thời điểm xảy ra của hành động.
Eg : - I've lost my key (Tôi đã bị mất
chìa khóa)
Khác với câu I lost my key yesterday
(Tôi đã mất chìa khóa hôm qua )
c.Diễn tả hành động đã diễn ra trong khoảng thời gian vẫn còn là hiện tại today, this week / month
Eg : - Have you seen Lan today ?
- No, I haven't
- There have been 3 accidents here this month (Đã có 3 tai nạn ở đây vào tháng này)
d Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhng thời điểm không rõ ràng, đi với already (đã rồi), recently, lately (gần
đây), before (trớc kia).
Eg : - He's already done his homework.
- I've seen this film 3 times before (Tôi đã 3 lần xem bộ phim này trớc đây)
e Dùng với yet (cha, vẫn cha) trong câu hỏi và câu phủ định.
Eg : - Have you met your new teacher yet
?
- No, we haven't met her yet
f Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại , đi với since, for, up to now , so far (cho tới bây giờ),
- for + khoảng thời gian
Eg : - My brother has been a doctor for
ten years now (Anh tôi đã là bác sĩ đợc
10 năm)
- since + mốc thời gian
Eg : - We haven't met each other since
we left school (Chúng tôi đã không gặp nhau kể từ khi chúng tôi ra trờng )-Up to now / So far we have visited 3 countries in the world (Cho tới bây giờ chúng tôi đã thăm 3 nớc trên thế giới.)
Trang 5g Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với ever
(đã từng), never (cha bao giờ)
- ever đi với câu hỏi và câu khẳng định
Eg : - Have you ever read this book ?
( Cậu đã từng đọc cuốn sách này cha ?)
-No, I've never read it (Tôi cha bao
giờ đọc nó)
- This is the most interesting film I've
ever seen.( Đây là bộ phim hay nhất mà
tôi đã từng xem)
h Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với
in the past 2/ 3 years/ months (
Trong 2/3 tháng/ năm qua)
for last
Eg : -There have been a lot of changes
in our town in the last 2 years (Đã có
nhiều đổi thay ở thị trấn chúng tôi trong 2
năm qua)
i Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với This
is the first, second, third time ( Đây
là lần đầu tiên, lần thứ hai )
Eg : - This is the first time I've tasted this
food (Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi đợc nếm
món ăn này)
= I've never tasted this food before (Trớc
đây tôi cha bao giờ ăn món này)
k Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với
ages
for months (đã lâu rồi)
a long time
Eg : - I haven't seen my sister for ages
(Đã lâu rồi tôi không gặp chị gái tôi)
= It's ages since I last saw my sister (Đã
lâu rồi kể từ lần cuối cùng tôi gặp chị gái
3/ He (visit) his friends recently
4/ - You (see) her today ?
- No, I haven't seen her yet
5/ She (do) her homework already
6/ They never (go) to the cinema in their
life
7/ Tom, I (not see) you for ages ! Where
have you been ?
8/ He is the most kind-hearted man I ever
(meet)
9/ There (be) 3 accidents on this street in
the past 3 days
10/ Is this the first time you (visit) our
beautiful country ?
11/ Scientists (find) cures for many
illnesses in the last 50 years
12/ My uncle's health (improve) since he
(leave) India
13/ I (buy) a new shirt last week but I
(not wear) it yet
14/ I (not see ) Lan since we (leave)
school
15/ We just (move) to a new house but
we (be) dissatisfied with it
Present Perfect Continuous(Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
1 Form
a Khẳng định : S +
have/ has + been + V-ing
b Phủ định : S +
haven't / hasn't + been + V-ing
c Nghi vấn : Have / Has + S
+ been + V-ing ?
2 The use
a Thời hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động bắt đầu từ trong quá khứ kéo dài liên tục cho tới hiện tại và vừa chấm dứt ở đó
Eg : - He's very tired now He has been
walking for 2 hours (Bây giờ anh ấy rất mệt Anh ấy đã đi bộ 2 tiếng đồng hồ)
b Thời hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động bắt đầu từ trong quá khứ kéo dài liên tục cho tới hiện tại và còn diễn ra trong tơng lai.
- I've been waiting for my friend since
2 o'clock He hasn't arrived yet (Tôi đã
đợi bạn từ lúc 2 giờ Cậu ấy vẫn cha đến)
c Thời hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng vớ câu hỏi How long, Since when
Eg : - How long have you been living
here ? (Anh đã sống ở đây đợc bao lâu rồi
?)
- I've been living here for 12 years
= I started living here 12 years ago (Tôi bắt đầu sống ở đây 12 năm trớc đây.)
Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở
đúng thời
1/ - How long you (learn) English ?
- I (learn) English for 5 years
2/ - Where is Peter ? - He (be) in his room He (sleep) He (sleep) since 2 o'clock
3/ They (live) here for 20 years now.4/ Look ! Her eyes are red and wet She (cry)
5/ The boy is tired He (run) for two hours
6/ You look tired! Yes I (work) _very hard
7/ Where's the magazine I gave you? What (you do) _with it?
8/ We (have) the same car for twelve years
9/ This room was white Now it is blue
He (paint) _ it.10/ This is the first time I (drive) _ a car Thanks for lending
me your car
11/ These shoes are nice and clean (you clean) _ them?12/ Sorry I'm late (you wait) long?
13/ Somebody (steal) _ my keys Theyare not on the table
Trang 614/ Mary is still watching TV She
(watch) _ TV all
day
15/ Look! Somebody (spill)
wine on the floor
Past Perfect (Quá
hoặc một thời điểm quá khứ khác Thờng
đi với after, before, when, by the time
(cho tới khi), as soon as ( ngay sau khi)
Eg : - After he had done his homework,
he went to the cinema ( Sau khi nó làm
xong bài tập, nó đi xem phim.) = Before
he went to the cinema, he had done his
homework
- When I got there, they had gone
home (Khi mà tôi tới đó, họ đã về nhà
rồi.)
- When he had sung his song, he sat
down (Khi anh ta hát xong, anh ta ngồi
xuống)
- By the time we got to the station, the
train had already left ( Cho tới khi chúng
tôi tới ga, tàu đã chạy rồi)
Exercise : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở
đúng thời
1/ After her husband (get) home, she
started to wash the clothes
2/ When they reached France, they (visit)
13 countries
3/ When she (arrive) at his house, she
(find) that he (leave) a few minutes
before
4/ Before Mr Ron met me, he (do)
nothing
5/ Yesterday I was sorry that I (hurt) him
6/ They (tell) her that they (not meet ) her
before
7/ When she (realise) her mistakes, she
apologised
8/ When I (meet) my cousin 2 weeks ago,
he told me that he just (return) from the
c Câu hỏi Will/ Shall + S + V ?
* Notes : - Will đợc dùng với tất cả các
ngôi Shall thờng dùng với ngôi I , we
2 The use : - Thời tơng lai đơn diễn tả
hành động tơng lai đơn thuần
Eg : - I'll do it tomorow (I'll = I will)
( Tôi sẽ làm việc này vào ngày mai)
- He'll come here soon (Chẳng mấy chốc nó sẽ tới đây)
- Our exam will be in two weeks (Kỳ thi của chúng tôi sẽ diễn ra trong 2 tuần nữa)
- They won't help you
- Will you buy it ?
- Yes, I will/ No, I won't
* Will còn đợc sử dụng trong lời yêu cầu, lời mời
Eg : - Will you please get it for me ? (Yêu cầu)
- Yes, certainly/ OK / of course
- Will you come to my party ? (Lời mời)
* Will đợc sử dụng khi đa ra lời hứa
Eg : - I will pay you tomorrow ( Tôi sẽ
trả cậu vào ngày mai)
* Shall đợc sử dụng trong lời gợi ý
Eg : - Shall we go to the zoo this afternoon ? ( Chiều nay chúng ta đi vờn thú chứ ?)
* Shall đợc dùng trong lời đề nghị giúp
đỡ
Eg : - Shall I do it for you ? ( Để tôi giúp cậu nhé)
NEAR FUTURE (Thời tơng lai gần, tơng lai
dự định (Be going to))
Eg : - He's going to get married next
month.(Anh ấy sẽ cới vợ vào tháng sau)
b.Diễn tả hành động sắp xảy ra trong
t-ơng lai gần Eg : - Look at those clouds ! It's going
to rain (Nhìn những đám mây kìa ! Trời sắp ma đấy !)
* So sánh Will và Be going to
- Be going to chỉ hành động tơng lai có dự
định
Eg : - I'm going to England for my
holiday next week
- Will chỉ hành động tơng lai bất chợt,
Trang 72/ Look at those clouds It (rain).
3/ What are you going to do with that
dress ? - I (shorten) it
4/ I've hired a typerwriter and I (learn) to
type
5/ Listen to this ! I think this news
(surprise) you
6/ Tom, when you (get) married, this
month or next month ?
7/ - What you (do) next week ? - I (visit)
my grandparents
Exercise for Revision : Chia động từ
trong ngoặc ở đúng thời
1/ Roy (come) from New York He (live)
in California now He (study) marketing
He has earned a lot of money and just
(buy) a car He (drive) his car to his
friend in the countryside yesterday While
he (drive) there, he (see) a train
accident
2/ Mr Baker (work) as an engineer He
(be) an engineer since 1985 He (have) 2
children They (study) abroad now
3/ I never (meet) anyone famous yet
Have you ?
- Yes, I (have) I (meet) Elton John in
New York in 1988 and we (talk) to each
other a lot
4/ In the evening I often (play) chess with
my door neighbour I (play) chess with
him ever since I (come) to live here ten
years ago He (be) here all his life He
(inherit) the house from his father,
another great chess player
5/ Alice (be) 18 years old and she (come)
from England She is now in Hanoi and
(study) Vietnamese She (arrive) in Hanoi
in January, so she (be) there for 6 months
Next month she (go) to Hue
6/ When I was young I (want) to
- Yes She (wear) her new jacket
when I saw her
9/ By the time we got to the cinema the
film (to start), so we missed the first
five minutes10/ When I rang the bell there
was no answer The neighbour told me that
they (to go out) about half an hour ago
4 It (not rain)
……… in the dry season
5 Lan (take) ……… her younger brother to the zoo last Sunday
6 I (live)
……… here since I was born
7 They (give) ………
me the letter a few minutes ago
8 When I saw him, he (sit)
……… asleep
in a chair
9 What you (do)
……… at 7 p.m yesterday?
10 My brother (write)
……… several plays
13 Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) ………
to you?
14 Where are you? – I’m upstairs I(have) ……… a bath
15 You (have)
……… breakfast yet?
16 My little sister (drink)
……… milk every day
17 The doctor sometimes (return)
……… home late
18 They (have)
……… lunch in the cafeteria now
Trang 819 They often (thank)
……… me for
what I do for them
20 His uncle (teach)
……… English in
our school five years ago
21 They (not go)
factory for many years
28 The children (play)
32 My mother went to the
supermarket yesterday, but she
(not buy) ……… anything
33 Nam and Ba (play)
……… soccer at
present
34 My family (go) ……….…………
Da Lat next summer
35 I’d like (tell) ……… ………… you
something about my family
36 She needs (eat) ………….………… a lot of vegetables and fruit
37 Please don’t make so much noise I (study)………
38 The water (boil) ………
at 100 degrees Celsius
39 Look! Somebody (climb)
………up that tree over there
40 I (not see) ………hersince last week
41 How long you (know)
……… Tom?
42 Hoa (burn) ………her hand when she (cook) ……… …… The dinner
43 While we (cross) ……….….the street, the policeman (shout)
46 My sister (play) ………the piano since she (be) ……….a child
………from him since
49 She (win) ……….the gold medal in 2004
50 While you (play) ……… the guitar, I (write) ……….a letter
G WISH SENTENCES:
- Dùng để diễn tả những ước muốn,những điều không có thật ở hiệntại
Hình thức:
Trang 9S + WISH/ WISHES + S +
WOULD + INF
* Ghi c hú: “Past Subjunctive” được
gọi là quá khứ bàng thái và
được dùng như thì quá khứ đơn
Với động từ “To be” ta dùng
“were” cho tất cả các chủ ngữ
Ex: He wishes he were a doctor.
I wish I could speak English
fluently
Bài tập:
* Write sentences beginning with “I
wish…”
1 I don’t have time to study
2 I can’t answer the questions
3 We are not living in London
4 Nga is not here
5 They don’t stay in Da Lat
6 Mai doesn’t know many people
in the town
7 I’m sorry I can’t go to the party
8 Her work isn’t going well
9 They will leave France next
week
10 I’m sorry he gets up so late
11 It’s a pity we don’t know where
we are
12 It’s a pity we haven’t a knife
13 I’m sorry I don’t know where
you are staying
14 Nga may make a lot of mistakes
15 My family has to move to Lang
Son
16 I’m sorry I can’t help you
17 The students keep talking all the
time
18 The tickets are too expensive
19 I’m sorry my friends are poor
20 I speak English badly
21 He can’t swim as well as his
24 I don’t know much about him
CHUYÊN ĐỀ II: Adjectives
- Adverbs ( TÝnh tõ - Tr¹ng tõ)
nh sau :
- happy - happily ( h¹nh phĩc, vui vỴ)
- easy - easily (dƠ)
- lazy - lazily (lêi)+ Nh÷ng trêng hỵp kh«ng theo qui t¾c :
- good - well ( tèt)
- fast - fast (nhanh)
- late - late (muén)
- much - much ( nhiỊu)
Eg : - He is careful ( Anh Êy cÈn thËn)
1 John is reading (careful / carefully)
2 He is a (slow / slowly) learner
3 Maria Elena speaks Spanish ( fluently /fluent)
4 Rita plays the violin ( good / well)
5 He was working ( hard / hardly)
6 The sun is ( bright / brightly) today
7 She's a ( fast / fastly ) swimmer
8 You can do this exercise (easily/ easy)
Exercise : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau, gi÷
nguyªn nghÜa :
Trang 101 Mr Hai is a bad driver Mr Hai
Exercise : Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ
gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời:
Carol Stuart is a good student She is
studying chemistry She can play the
piano and the guitar very well She is a
very good cook and swimmer She speaks
Russian and French perfectly She is
beautiful, too
1 Carol / good / bad student ?
2 What / she / study ?
3 How / she / play / piano / guitar ?
4 She / cook / well ?
5 She / swim / well ?
6 How / she / speak Russian / French ?
Eg : - Nam is as quick as Hai.
- They are as happy as we are us
* Lu ý :- Trong câu phủ định ta có thể
dùng so thay cho as :
Eg : - Mai isn't as tall as her brother
= Mai isn't so tall as her brother
Exercise 1 : Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh ngang bằng :
1 Ha Noi / noisy / Ho Chi Minh City
2 Today / cold / yesterday
3 My bag / expensive / his
4 Their house / big / our house
5 I / not / tired / yesterday
6 this pen / good / that one ?
7 Her shoes / cheap / mine
II/ Comparative ( So sánh hơn )
1/ Short adj (Tính từ ngắn)
Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có một âm tiết :
Eg : - big, cold, hot, tall
Mẫu câu : S + to be + adj + er + than +noun (danh từ)
pronoun (đại từ)
Eg : - Hoa is taller than I am = I'm not
as tall as Hoa (is)
Eg : - big - bigger
- hot - hotter+ Những tính từ kết thúc là e , chỉ thêm r :
- lazy - lazier ( lời)
Exercise 1: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở
dạng so sánh hơn :
1 I / short / my brother
2 Hai Duong / small/ Ha noi
3 His shoes / cheap / mine
4 Russia / big / Canada
5 This exercise / easy / that one
6 this car / fast / yours ?
7 Today / cold / yesterday
2/ Long adj ( Tính từ dài)
Eg : - They are more tired than us = We
are not as tired as them
- This exercise is more difficult than that one
Trang 11Exercise 2: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở
dạng so sánh hơn :
1 Her shoes / expensive / his
2 Mr Jones / careful / wife
3 Football / popular / table-tennis
4 English / difficult / Chinese ?
5 Spring / pleasant / summer
6 Her car / comfortable / mine
7 His chidren / hard-working / my
Eg : - His English is better than mine =
My English isn't as good as his
Exercise 3: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở
dạng so sánh hơn :
1 My friend's bike / good / mine
2 This picture / bad / yours
3 He has / much money / I have
4 My sister / have / many books / me
Exercise 4: Viết lại các câu sau, giữ
nguyên nghĩa :
1/ They were happier yesterday than
today Today they
2/ English isn't so interesting as biology
Eg : - John is the tallest student in his
class = No one in his class is taller than
Eg : - big - the biggest
- hot - the hottest
+ Những tính từ kết thúc là e , chỉ thêm st :
Eg : - Freedom is the most important of
all ( Tự do là quan trọng nhất trong số mọi điều)
= Nothing is more important than freedom
3 Irregular Adj :
- good - the best
- bad - the worst
- many - the most
- much - the most
- little - the least
- far - the farthest/furthest
Eg : - Mai is the best student in our class
Exercise 1: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở
dạng so sánh nhất :
1 Russia / large / country/ in the world
2 She / careful pupil / in my class
3 Ronaldinho / good / footballer / in the world
4 Phil / happy / person / we know
5 These shoes / expensive / of all
6 Ho Chi Minh City / big city / in Viet Nam
7 This / interesting film / I / ever / see
8 Hoa / pretty / girl / in her group
9 Mr Pike / generous / person / in my town
Exercise 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau
2/ She's a very good player
She's in the team
3/ It was a very bad experience It was in my life
4/ Nam is a very intelligent student He .in the class
Exercise 3: Viết lại các câu sau, giữ
nguyên nghĩa :
1/ No one in my class is more intelligent than Lan Lan is 2/ We don't know a happier person than him He is 3/ Nothing is more interesting than football Football is 4/ Is this the biggest hat you've got ? Have you got ?5/ Everest is higher than any mountains
in the world Everest is 6/ No one in my class is fatter than Minh
Minh is
Trang 127/ Mr Ron is the richest man in our town
No one
8/ No one in my group is better at English
than Lan Lan is
Eg : - I can't play the piano as well as my
sister = I can't play the piano so well as
my sister
II/ So sánh hơn
1/ Short adverbs (Trạng từ ngắn)
Mẫu câu : S + V + short adv + er +
than + noun (danh từ) / pronoun (đại
từ)
Eg : - My brother runs faster than I
do = I don't run as fast as my brother
me
2 Long adv :
Mẫu câu : S + V + more + long adv +
than + noun (danh từ)
2/ We didn't do the test as quickly as
Linh Linh did
3/ Peter can't run as fast as Tim Tim
runs
4/ John speaks French more fluently than
I do I cannot
5/- Thuy is a more fluent French speaker
than Phong Thuy speaks French
6/ He plays football better than me I
don't
7/ Mrs Hoa doesn't work as hard as her
husband Mrs Hoa 's husband
works
8/ They answered the teacher's question
yesterday more intelligently than us
We didn't
9/ Hai couldn't listen to the teacher yesterday as attentively as his friend did
Hai's friend
10/ She runs faster than me I don't 11/ Thanh works harder now than last year Last year Thanh 12/ He doesn't understand the lessons as well as last year Last year he 13/ My sister usually gets up earlier than
me I usually
14/ Yesterday, Mr Pike didn't drink as much as Mr Withe Yesterday Mr Withe
15/ Tom speaks more persuasively than Bill Tom is 16/ I don't know as much about it as her
She knows 17/ Mrs La is a slower and more careful driver than I am La drives 18/ Jane is a better cook than Robert Robert can't 19/ He didn't arrive as early as we expected He arrived
C/ Một số l u ý thêm về các câu
So sánh
1 Ta có thể dùng much, (by) far , a lot , alittle trớc adj và adv trong câu so sánh hơn để nhấn mạnh
Eg : - My bag is much cheaper than my
friend's
- My father swims far better than me
2 Có thể dùng danh từ với câu so sánh
Eg : - I have more books than my sister
= My sister doesn't have as many books
as I have
- He has more money than his brother = His brother doesn't have as much money as him
3 Có thể thay danh từ số ít bằng that, danh từ số nhiều bằng those nếu ta không
muốn nhắc lại danh từ đó
Eg : - The salary of a professor is higher than that of a teacher ( Lơng của giáo s thì cao hơn của giáo viên) (that = the salary)
- Classes in the college aren't as difficult as those in the university (Those
= classes)
4 Có thể dùng twice (2 times), 3, 4 times trong câu so sánh ngang bằng
Eg : - His house is twice as big as my house (Nhà của anh ấy to gấp đôi nhà tôi)
5 The same as đợc sử dụng trong dạng so
sánh ngang bằng
Eg : - Ann's salary is as high as Peter's =Ann's salary is the same as Peter's
Trang 13- Tom is as old as George = Tom is the
same age as George (Tom bằng tuổi
George)
6 More and more, better and better,
harder and harder, more and more
difficult .
Eg : - His English is getting better and
better (Tiếng Anh của anh ấy ngày càng
trở lên tốt hơn)
- These days more and more people are
learning English (Ngày nay ngày càng có
nhiều ngời học tiếng Anh)
7 So sánh kép :
Mẫu câu : The + so sánh + chủ ngữ +
động từ + the + so sánh + chủ ngữ +
động từ
Eg : - The more I thought about the plan,
the less I like it (Càng nghĩ về kế hoạch
đó, tôi càng thấy không thích nó)
- The warmer the weather (is), the better I
feel
- The sooner you leave, the earlier you
will arrive at your destination
5/ Since she has been in Britain, her
English has got (good)
Exercise 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau
theo mẫu
Eg: I like warm weather The warmer the
weather , the better I feel (feel)
1 I didn't really like him at first But the
more I got to know him, (like)
2/ She had to wait a very long time The
longer she waited,
(impatient/become)
3/ If you use more electricity, your bill
will be higher The more electricity you
4 The she waited, the she became
a more long / more impatient
b longer / impatient
c long / more impatient
d longer / more impatient
5 The standard of living in Canada is higher in many countries
a than that b as that
c than those d as those
6 My boss is very young He's than I am
a younger 10 years b 10 years more young c 10 years younger d 10 years young
7 Life in Hai Phong is expensive than that in Hai Duong
a a little more b a little much
c far much d more a lot
8 What do you think about the parks in London ? Are they bigger in Ha Noi ?
a than that b than those
c as that d as those
9 pollution is being produced nowadays
a Much and much b Many and many
c Better and better d More and more
10 The you spend learning, your study result will be
a much time / the best b more time / the good c more time / the better d better time / the well
11 Is your weight Hoa's
a the same as b as the same
c the same like d like the same
REVISION 1
I/ Rewrite the following sentences
1/ They were more tired yesterday than today Today they
2/ Mr Hai is a good driver Mr Hai drives 3/ English isn't so difficult as Maths Maths is
4/ His brother is not so good at French
Trang 1412/ She is a dangerous driver
20/ Everest is higher than any mountains
in the world Everest is
21/ Minh is the most hard-working in our
class No one
22/ You have more money than us
We
23/ Mr Robinson is the poorest person in
our town No one
24/ No one in my group is better at
English than Linh - Linh is
25/ Phong speaks French more fluently
than Thuy Thuy does
26/ He plays football more skilfully than
29/ My sister usually gets up later than
me I don't usually
30/ French is more difficult than English
34/ Yesterday, Mr Pike didn't drink as
much beer as Mr Withe
36 He hasn't written to his parents for 2
months The last time
37 I've never been to Scotland before.
1/ Hurry up ! We've been waiting for you
What's taking you so long ?
- I for an important phone call Go ahead and leave without me
2/ Robert is going to be famous someday
He in 3 movies already
A has been appearing B had appeared C has appeared3/ "Where's Polly ?"" - "She "
A is in her room studying B in her room is studying C studies in her room4/ When is Mr Fields planning to retire ?
- Soon, I think He here for a long time He'll probably retire either next year or the year after that
A worked B had been working C has been working5/ Next week when there is a full moon,
the ocean tides higher
6/ - I once saw a turtle that had wings
The turtle flew into the air to catch insects
8/ A minor earthquake occured at 2.00a.m
on January 3rd Most of the people in the village at the time and didn't even know it had occured until the next morning
9/ Would you like to join Linda and me tomorrow ?
We visit the Natural Museum
10/ When I came, everyone
Trang 15CHUYấN ĐỀ IV
GERUNDS ( Danh động từ )
I/ form V+ ing : -
swimmimg, having, playing
II/ Một số mẫu câu với danh động từ
3/ Danh động từ đ ợc sử dụng sau giới từ
*Một số cụm tính từ +giới từ + V-ing
Eg : - I'm afraid of flying
- Are you bored with staying at home
at weekends ?
- He's used to getting up early
- Nam is good at learning French
- I object to going out ( Tôi phản đối
việc tôi phải ra ngoài)
- I object to his going out (Tôi phản đối
việc anh ta ra ngoài)
- He apologised (to me) for breaking the
glass (Anh ta xin lỗi (tôi) vì đã đánh vỡ
cái cốc)
* Một số ví dụ về các giới từ khác :
After, before, without, like , for , on
Eg : - He left my house without saying
good bye ( Anh ta rời nhà tôi mà không
nói lời tạm biệt)
On seeing her mother, she burst out
crying = When she saw her mother, she
burst into tears
( Khi nhìn thấy mẹ, nó òa lên khóc)
- After saying good bye to me, he went back to the college
4/ Danh động từ đ ợc sử dụng sau một số
động từ
- love doing sth
- regret doing sth ( Tiếc đãlàm gì)
- prevent sb from doing sth ( Ngăn cản ai làm gì)
Eg : - He suggested visiting the museum
( Anh ta gợi ý đi thăm viện bảo tàng)
- We are considering leaving our village
- He kept (on) listening to the radio
- I don't mind working hard
- Would you mind opening the window ?
- You should practise speaking English in class
- The bad weather prevented us from having a picnic
( Thời tiết xấu ngăn cản chúng tôi đi picnic)
- The children enjoy walking in the rain
- My father started working here when he was 23
- They stopped laughing when the teacher came in
5/ Danh động từ đ ợc sử dụng để tạo thành danh từ kép : Dđtừ + Danh từ
- It's no use vô ích khi làm gì
Trang 16- It's no good
- There's no point in
- It's (not) worth
Thật (không ) đáng
Eg : -I look forward to hearing from
you ( Tôi mong nhận đợc tin cậu)
- It's no use waiting for her ( Thật vô ích
khi đợi cô ta)
There's no point in asking him for
money
- We can't help laughing when he told his
funny story
( Chúng tôi không nhịn đợc cời khi nghe
anh ấy kể chuyện cời)
- It's worth reading this book (Thật đáng
Eg : - We object to his/ him coming
late (Chúng tôi phản đối anh ta đến
muộn)
- I object to working overtime
this week
(Tôi phản đối việc phải làm việc quá giờ
vào tuần này)
- They insisted on my attending the party
( Họ nài nỉ tôi đến dự tiệc)
- She insisted on seeing the manager.=
She insisted that she had to see the
- I dislike people criticising me unfairly
(Tôi ghét việc mọi ngời chỉ trích tôi
không công bằng)
EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Provide the correct form of
the verbs in brackets
1/ He doesn't enjoy (sit) alone and (do)
nothing
2/ My brother (give) up (fish) last year
3/ Please go on (write) I don't mind
(wait)
4/ Their children (be) afraid of (walk) on
the street at night
5/ Do you mind (turn) off the radio ?
6/ I'm fond of (swim) in the river
7/ She (hate) (get) up early
8/ We are fed up with (eat) the same food
13/ Nam is used to (stay) up late
14/ There's no point in (ask) him for money He's broke
15/ The bad weather prevented us from (go) on holiday
16/ (Have) a talk with a man like him is really interesting
Exercise 2: Use the suggestions to write
complete sentences
1/ Lan / enjoy / listen / music
2/ brother/ interested / find / new job.3/ father / tired / work / his factory.4/ father / give up / drink coffee / last month
5/ your sister / fond / go swimming ?6/ they / bored / talk / their neighbour.7/ I / begin / learn / English / last year.8/ They / stop / argue / when / I / arrive.9/ The workers / start / widen / road / 1999
10/ I can't stand / stay / home all day.11/ He / leave / restaurant / without / pay the bill
12/ They / stop / talk/ when / teacher / come in
13/ Lan / hate / drink milk
14/ I / not mind / work hard
15/ sister / afraid / be at home / alone.16/ We / bored / watch / Vietnamese films / TV
17/ mother / interested / learn / foreign language
18/ favourite pastime / fish
19/ Play chess / not / pastime
20/ I / not used to / work / overtime.21/ Children / fed / with / water / flowers.22/ They / fond / practise English
Exercise 3: Fill in the blank with one
suitable word
1/ They're bored watching the same programme everyday
2/ His wife is washing the dishes
3/ She enjoys at home on Sunday
4/ I'm in playing the piano.5/ We're fond English.6/ Do you getting the remote control ?
Exercise 4: Read the following passage, use the suggestions to make questions
and then answer them.
Mr Smith used to be a worker, but now he
is unemployed He is 45 years old It's noteasy to start looking for a job at his age.He's interested in learning a new skill butnobody wants to train him He's tired of
Trang 17sitting around the house When he was
with his factory he was bored with doing
the same thing everyday, but now he
really enjoys doing a job again He's
looking forward to working in a company
5/ anyone / want / train him ?
6/ he / fond / sit/ around / house ?
7/ he / bored / do / same thing/ when /
he / with / factory ?
8/ he / enjoy / do / a job / now ?
Exercise 5: Complete the following
Exercise 6: Complete the following
1/ A stick for walking
Exercise 7: Read the following passage
and do the tasks below
Fishing is my favourite sport I often fish
for hours without catching anything But
this does not worry me Some fishermen
are unlucky Instead of catching fish, they
catch old boots and rubbish I'm even less
lucky I never catch anything, not even
old boots After having spent the whole
morning on the river, I always go home
with an empty bag My friends advise me
to give up fishing, but they don't realize
one important thing I'm only interested
in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at
all !
Use the suggestions to make questions
and then answer them.
1/ What / writer's favourite sport ?
2/ he / catch / anything ?
3/ What / unlucky fishermen / catch ?
4/ What / writer / interested / do ?
Exercise 8: §iÒn vµo chç trèng mét giíi
tõ thÝch hîp
1/ Jane is always afraid flying.2/ She's very bad foreign languages.3/ You should drink this It is
good keeping fit
4/ They succeeded finding a good jobfor their children
5/ I object her coming to work late.6/ Are you interested collecting stamps ?
7/ Lan's fond cooking
8/ We're fed up learning philosophy
9/ Mr Kha is used jogging in the morning
15/ She apologised her boyfriend hurting him
16/ My parents approved my going
to study at this college
17/ I want to sell my house I'm really tired my neighbour playing music
5/ Persuading her to come is pointless It's no use
6 / It's pointless to worry about someone else's problems There's no point 7/ He tried to escape but the police
stopped him The police prevented him
Trang 188/ "I'm sorry that I broke the glass', said
Peter Peter
apologised
9/ She doesn't stay up so late She's not
used
10/ It was a bit difficult to get to work
this morning Getting to work
It is dangerous to go out alone at night
( Thật là nguy hiểm khi đi ra ngoài một
mình vào ban đêm)
2/ It + to be + adj + for sb + to do sth
It is necessary for you to learn English
( Cậu cần phải học tiếng Anh)
3/ It + to be + adj + of sb + to do sth
It is very kind of you to help me ( Cậu
thật tốt bụng khi giúp tôi)
It was very careless of you to leave the
door open last night ( Cậu thật cẩu thả
khi để cửa mở tối qua)
4/ S + to be + too (quá) + adj + to do sth
- You are too young to get married (Cậu
còn quá trẻ để lập gia đình)
5/ S + to be + too + adj + for sb + to do
- The bag is too heavy for me to carry
(Cái túi quá nặng để tôi mang)
6/ S + to be + adj + enough + to do sth
I'm not strong enough to carry this case
(Tôi không đủ khỏe để mang cái va li
8/ S +V + too + adv + for sb + to do
- The cat ran too fast for the dog to catch
9/ S + V + adv + enough + for sb + to do
- He doesn't speak slowly enough for us
to understand (Ông ấy không nói chậm
để chúng tôi hiểu)
10/ S + to be + the first / second to do
sth
- He was the first person to leave the
party.( Anh ta là ngời đầu tiên rời bữa
1/ It / interesting / have a talk / him
2/ It / unhealthy / live / this / house
3/ It / boring / stay / home / Saturday
4/ It / difficult / speak English well
5/ It / wonderful / have / holiday / Paris
6/ It / important / you / know how to drive
8/ It / easy / her / finish work on time
9/ It / impolite / him / say like that
10/ It / careless / you / leave / umbrella / train yesterday
11/ Mr Hai / too old / apply for that job
12/ Children / too young / join this club
13/ The test / too difficult / us / do
14/ house / too expensive / uncle / buy
15/ We / not / rich / buy / car
16/ shoes / not / cheap / me / buy
17/ The task / not / easy enough / us / do
18/ The robber / ran / too fast / policeman/ catch
19/ They / walking / too slowly / reach the top before night
20/ Mr Ba / not speak clearly / us / understand
21/ She / the last / person / come in
22/ It / careless / you / let / door / open / last night
23/ It / necessary / us / finish/ work / this afternoon
Exercise II : Viết lại các câu sau, giữ
Eg : His ambition is to become a director
( Tham vọng của ông ấy là trở thành giám
đốc)
12/ Những động từ theo sau là động từ nguyên thể -
- threaten đe dọa
- regret tiếc phải làm gì
Trang 19- plan lập kế hoạch
- manage xoay sở
- refuse từ chối
- remember nhớ phải làm gì
Eg : - She agreed to marry that old man.
- I'll arrange to meet her
- They decided to move to Ha Noi
- Tom failed to catch the train
- I hope to see you again
-They offer to do the shopping for us
- I managed to get out of the car
- She promised to wait for him
- The kidnappers threatened to kill the
child if his parents informed the police
( Bọn bắt cóc dọa giết đứa bé nếu bố mẹ
Eg : - Our father made us work hard.
- Don't let him go out too much
- I had my neighbour repair my bike
= I got my neighbour to repair my bike
- Someone saw him steal the car
15 Những cụm từ theo sau là động từ
- Try your best !
- She hasn't been able to find a job yet
( Cô ta vẫn cha thể tìm đợc công việc)
16 Động từ nguyên thể dùng sau but , except (trừ, ngoại trừ)
Eg : - We can do nothing but wait.
- She does nothing but complain ( Cô ta chẳng làm gì ngoài việc kêu ca.)
17 S + V + noun + to do sth
Eg : - He didn't have a chance to explain.
- We have a lot of work to do
2/ "I won't lend you any more money !", she said to me
She refused
3/ "Don't hurry !", my mother said to me
My mother told
4/ "Don't go too near the elephant !", his father said to him
His father warned him
5/ "Keep silent !', the teacher said to his pupils
The teacher ordered
6/ "I think you'd better not go to work for
a few days, Cathy"
I advised
7/ Finding a good job nowadays is difficult
It's
8/ Lying in the sun is pleasant
It's
9/ "Please don't tell anyone what happened.", Ann said to me
Ann told
me
10/ "You'd better not lend her any money,John", said Jack
Trang 20 Jack
advised
11/ " I won't let anyone know your
address", she said to me
She
promised
12/ "Don't forget to order the supplies I
need" My boss reminded me
My boss reminded
me
Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets
into the correct form
1/ Try to avoid (make) him angry
2/ Stop (argue) and start (work)
3/ It's no use (cry) over spilt milk
4/ I suggest (hold) another meeting
5/ He finished (speak) and sat down
6/ It's difficult to get used to (eat) with
chopsticks
7/ He warned her (not touch) the wire
8/ I want the boys (grow) up hating
violence
9/ We are looking forward to (read) your
new book
10/ I advise him (ask) the bus conductor
(tell) him where (get) off
11/ After (read) this article you will give
up (smoke)
12/ Is there anything here worth (read) ?
13/ She promises (wait) for me
14/ Would you mind (put) your pet snake
somewhere else ?
15/ I don't feel like (work); what about
(go) to a disco instead?
16/ He taught me how (light) a fire
without matches
17/ By (work) day and night he
succeeded in (finish) the job in time
18/ The sea was too rough for the
children (swim)
20/ He tried (explain) but she refused
(listen)
21/ I get tired of (stay) at home for my
wife keeps (shout) at me all day
22/ I can't help (sneeze); I caught a cold
yesterday from (sit) in a draught
23/ His doctor advised him (take) up
(jog)
24/ I regret (inform) you that your
application has been refused
25/ People used to (make) fire by (rub)
two sticks together
26/ I tried (persuade) him (agree) with
my proposal
28/ He hates (answer) the phone, and very
often just lets it (ring)
32/ They try their best (make) us (buy)
the things we don't need
33/ We object to his (go) out
36/ He was about (leave) when she came
46/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he
53/ My roommate's handwriting is very bad, so he had me (type) his paper for him last night
54/ (Eat) in restaurant as often as they do
62/ Are we permitted (bring) the guests tothe ceremony ?
63/ The city agreed (accept) the architect's proposed design for a new parking garage
64/ She's so impatient ! She can't stand (wait) in line for anything
65/ Ms Thompson is always willing to help, but she doesn't want anyone (call) her at home unless there is an emergency.66/ I made my son (wash) the window before he could go outside to play with his friends
67/ It is always interesting (observe) people in airports while you're waiting for
Eg : - Driving along the road I saw an
accident = When I was driving along the road I saw an accident ( Tôi thấy một vụ tai nạn khi tôi đang lái xe trên đờng )
- Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight = As
Trang 21he feared that the police would recognize
him, he never went out in daylight
(Sợ rằng cảnh sát sẽ nhận ra cho nên hắn
không bao giờ đi ra ngoài vào ban ngày)
* Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh hành động trớc
diễn ra xong rồi mới đến hành động thứ 2
ta dùng dạng "Having done"
Eg : - Having written the letter, I went to
post it = When I had written the letter, I
went to post it
( Khi đã viết xong th, tôi mang đi
gửi)
* Đ ợc sử dụng trong mẫu câu:
- waste time doing sth ( lãng phí thời gian
- find ( Phát hiện thấy ai đang làm gì)
- feel sth/ sb doing (Cảm thấy cái gì đang
diễn ra/ ai đang làm gì)
- leave sb doing sth (để cho ai làm gì)
- to be busy doing sth (mải mê làm gì)
- go shopping, swimming, hunting,
- Don't keep her waiting !
- Mr Whithe wastes time going to
Eg : - I decided to try playing hockey
( Tôi quyết định thử chơi môn hockey )
2 Allow
a Allow sb to do sth ( Cho phép ai làm
gì)
Eg : - They allow their children to watch
TV in the evening ( Họ cho phép con của
họ xem phim vào buổi tối)
b Allow doing sth ( Cho phép làm gì)
Eg : - They don't allow smoking here
( Họ không cho phép hút thuốc ở đây)
3 Stop
a Stop doing sth ( Dừng làm gì)
Eg : - They stopped playing football when
it rained ( Họ ngừng chơi bóng khi trờima)
b Stop to do sth ( Dừng lại để làm một việc gì khác)
Eg : - They felt tired They decided to
stop to have some drinks (Họ cảm thấy mệt Họ quyết định dừng lại để uống chútgì đó)
b Regret doing / not doing sth ( Tiếc đã làm / đã không làm gì)
Eg : - I regret telling her about that
( Tôi tiếc đã nói với cô ta về điều đó)
- Mike regretted not working hard before ( Mike thấy tiếc là trớc đây đã không học hành chăm chỉ )
5 Remember
a Remember to do sth ( Nhớ phải làm gì)
Eg : - I didn't remember to lock the door
( Tôi không nhớ là phải khóa cửa)
- He didn't remember to post the letter for
me ( Anh ấy không nhớ gửi th hộ tôi)
b Remember doing sth ( Nhớ rằng đã làm một việc gì rồi)
Eg : - We remember lending Mr Ba the
book ( Chúng tôi nhớ là đã cho ông Ba mợn sách)
- I remember his telling me about it ( Tôi nhớ là hắn đã kể cho tôi về chuyện
đó )
6 Forget
a Forget to do sth ( Quên phải làm gì)
Eg : - She forgot to write to me ( Cô ta
quên viết th cho tôi) = She didn't remember to write to me ( Cô ta không nhớ viết th cho tôi)
- He forgot to do his homework.( Nó quên làm bài tập)
b Forget doing sth ( quên rằng đã làm việc gì rồi)
Eg : - I'll never forget meeting the Queen.( Tôi sẽ không bao giờ quên chuyện đã gặp Nữ hoàng)
4/ After we left the party, we went straight
to the theatre After .5/ They decided to go home because they had seen that film before Having
Trang 226/ She left the restaurant She didn't pay
the bill She left the restaurant
without
7/ Before he lent me the money, my
brother had sold his bike
Before
8/ I'm sorry now that I didn't go to
university I regret
9/ "Don't leave the room !", my father
said My father told me
Exercise 2 : Cho dạng đúng của động từ
trong ngoặc
1/ Don't forget (lock) the door before
(leave)
2/ I regret (inform) you that your
application has been refused
3/ I tried (persuade) him (agree) with my
5/ Oh ! I can feel something (crawl) up
my leg It must be an insect
6/ I'll never forget (meet) her in Ha Long
Bay
7/ He was about (leave) when she came
8/ When I saw him, he was busy (talk)
with his girlfriend
9/ (See) this film before, I turned off the
TV
10/ - Do you remember (post) the letter ?
- Yes, I do I posted it in the letter box
near my gate
11/ Did you remember (lock) the door ?
- No, I didn't I'd better (go) back and do
it now
12/ I distinctly remember (pay) him I
gave him 2 dollards
13/ Mr Whithe was accused of (leak)
information to the press
14/ He wastes time (philander) with the
girls in the village
15/ Suddenly (feel) hungry, he (stop)
(buy) a bar of chocolate
16/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he
was my stepbrother
Exercise for Revision
1/ The department store agreed (take)
back the damaged radio
2/ Would the doctor mind (spend) some
time talking to me after the examination ?
3/ Dan failed (pass) the examination and
was quite upset
4/ She expects (deliver) her baby at the
new hospital
5/ We dislike (eat) dinner at 9.00
6/ My niece hopes (travel) with me to
Disneyland next April
7/ I finally finished (cook) at 7.00 and
served dinner
8/ Would you mind (not turn) on the
radio until I finish with this phone call ?
9/ Marge's children are used to ( pick up) after school every day They don't have towalk home
CHUYấN ĐỀ VII: So
that - Such that
( Quá đến nỗi mà)
1 So that
a So + adj + that +clause
Eg : - The weather is so nice that we want
to go out ( Thời tiết đẹp đến nỗi mà chúng tôi muốn đi chơi)
b So + adv + that +clause
Eg : He ran so fast that nobody could
catch him ( Anh ta chạy nhanh đến nỗi
mà không ai có thể bắt đợc anh ta)
= He ran too fast for anyone to catch
( Anh ta chạy quá nhanh để mọi ngời có thể bắt đợc)
- She was speaking so fast that we could
not understand her ( Cô ta nói quá nhanh
đến nỗi mà chúng tôi không thể hiểu đợc)
She was speaking too fast for us to understand ( Cô ta nói quá nhanh để
chúng tôi hiểu)
c So + much / little + danh từ không
đếm đợc + that + clause many /few + danh từ đếm đ-
Eg : - It is such nice weather that we want
to go out = The weather is so nice that
we want to go out
- Nam is so kind that everyone loves him
= Nam is such a kind man that everyone
loves him
Exercise I : Chọn đáp án đúng trong số
A, B, C và D
1/ I was terrified to move
2/ She was a good dancer that she won the prize
1 Charlie's _ a nice boy
2 The sun was out and the birds were singing It was _ a beautiful day in May
3 The movie Shrek is _ goodit's unbelievable
4 It was _ a shame you couldn't come to Laura's party
Trang 235 The ending of the film The Mission
was _ sad I couldn't help
_ slow it's unbearable
9 The La Latina part of Madrid is
_ exciting You have to go
there
10 Thailand is _ a beautiful
country
11 The Thais are so polite It makes
_ a change from rude
Europeans
12 The summer of 2003 in Spain was
_ hot I mean really terrible
13 Petrol and car insurance are
_expensive that you are better off using
public transport
14 It was _ a relief to finally
finish all my exams
15 Moving my website to another server
was _ a pain
16 That restaurant makes _
good pizza You have to go
17 There were _ many
people at the concert that we couldn't get
seats
18 They make _ good goats'
cheese in Castilla La Mancha
19 She talks _ much it's
exhausting
20 I met _ many nice people
in Had Yai in southern Thailand
Exercise II : Viết lại các câu sau giữ
nguyên nghĩa
1 / Nam is such a lazy student that no one
wants to help him Nam is so
2/ The journey was so long that all of
them got tired It
was
3/ The man spoke too fast for us to
understand The man spoke
4/ They ran too fast, so we couldn't catch
them They ran so
5/ He couldn't move the piano because it
was too heavy The piano was so
6/ It is too cold, so we can't go out
It is
7/ She spoke too quickly for me to
understand She spoke so
8/ Mrs Hoa was too weak to go to work
yesterday Mrs Hoa was so
Eg : - I can swim but I can't sew.
- Can you speak English ?
- Yes, I can / No, I can't
* Dùng trong lời yêu cầu ai làm gì
Eg : - Can you get me the pen ?
- Yes, certainly / Sorry, I can't
*Dùng trong lời xin phép làm gì
Eg : - Can I have some more coffee ?
( Tôi có thể xin chút cà phê nữa đợ chứ ?)
Eg : - I could swim when I was 10.
* Dùng trong lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Eg : - Could you tell me the way to
the bank please ? ( Nhờ ông chỉ giúp ờng tới ngân hàng)
đ-* Đợc dùng khi muốn xin phép làm gì
Eg : - Could I speak to Mr Baker ?
(Tôi có thể nói chuyện với ông Baker đợc không ?)
* So sánh giữa could và was/were able
to (có thể)
- Could để chỉ khả năng nói chung
- was / were able to để chỉ khả năng ai đó làm một việc gì trong một tình huống cụ thể.
Eg : - He could swim when he was 10.
- His house got fire yesterday Luckily, he was able to get out of it ( Hôm qua nhà ông ấy bị cháy Rất may
Eg : - He's been walking for two hours
He must be very tired.( Anh ta đã đi bộ suốt 2 tiếng đồng hồ Chắc hẳn anh ta rất mệt)
* Diễn tả một nghĩa vụ, điều cần thiết phải làm.
Eg : - You must work hard ( Anh phải
làm việc chăm)
* So sánh giữa must và have to (phải)
- Have to có thể đợc dùng ở hiện tại, quá khứ hoặc tơng lai.
Eg : - I have to clean the door now
- We had to go to Hai Phong yesterday
- You 'll have to come here early tomorrow
- Must không đợc dùng ở quá khứ Dùng had to thay must trong quá khứ.
Eg : - You must go to London now /
tomorrow
Trang 24- He had to go to London yesterday.
- You don't have to do this (Anh
không cần phải làm việc này)
Eg : - He may be in his room now ( Có
lẽ anh ấy đang ở trong phòng)
= Perhaps he is in his
room now
Maybe
It's possible that
- She may be watching TV now
( Có lẽ cô ấy đang xem ti vi)
= Perhaps she is
watching TV now
Maybe
It's possible that
- He may go to London tomorrow
( Ngày mai có thể nó sẽ đi London)
= Perhaps he will go to London
tomorrow
Maybe
* Dùng trong câu xin phép
Eg : - May I sit here ?
2 The use Giống nh cách sử
dụng của May
2 The use * Dùng trong lời khuyên
Eg : - You should drink milk.
- You shouldn't smoke
VII/ Ought to = Should
* Diễn tả điều cần thiết phải làm
Eg : - Need I go ? ( Tôi có cần phải đi
- Need có thể đợc dùng nh động từ thờng.
Sau need là động từ nguyên thể infinitive)
(to-Eg : - Do I need to go ?
- You don't need to go
- She needs to go
* Cách sử dụng đặc biệt của need
sth needs doing / to be done ( Cái gì
đó cần đợc làm)
Eg : - Your hair needs cutting / to be cut.
EXERCISES
Exercise I : Hãy chọn đáp án đúng trong số A.B,C hoặc D
1/ Mary can to the meeting
A come B to come
C coming D.come2/ Jack should harder
3/ The whole team must together to win the game
4/ To stay alive, people
breathe oxygen
5/ My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight I can do it in the morning
6/ You open the door while he's there because the light will ruin the picture
7/ John has been working for 5 hours
He be very tired
8/ you please be quiet ? I'm trying toconcentrate
9/ I carry the bag for you ?
10/ Thanks for lending me the money
I pay you back on Friday
11/ we go on a picnic next Sunday ?
12/ My granfather was a very clever man
He speak 5 languages
13/ The phone is ringing It be Tom
14/ - My salary is very low
- You look for another job
15/ I have these postcards please ?
Trang 2518/ To be successful mountain climber,
you have a great deal of stamina
A must/ have to B must
not C don't have to
Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with either
don't have to or mustn't in the correct
form.
1 Sally! You _ say rude words like that!
2 Tommy! You _ pick your nose in class It's really disgusting
3 You _ finish the exercise now You can finish it at home
4 James _ go to church if he doesn't want to
5 You _ drive so aggressively You'll end up killing someone
6 Helen _ make racist comments It makes her seem really ignorant
7 David _ answer your emails There's no law about it
8 It's OK You _ pay now You can pay me at the end of the month
9 You _ stay out so late without ringing me I was worried sick
10 You _ let the cats sleep on my clean shirts Look They're covered in hairs
11 You _ have lunch with my parents I'm not forcing you
12 I _ forget to phone Granny It's her birthday tomorrow
Exercise 3: Fill the gaps with need,
needn't or should.
1 Remember you _ to take a torch and a tin-opener when you go camping
2 You _ go to the shop I've already bought the milk
3 You _ say sorry to your teacher for being late It's only polite
4 You _ bother washing up I'll do it in the morning
5 She _ go to church if she doesn't want to It's not obligatory
6 If you want to pass all your exams, you _ to make a good study plan
7 If there's anything you _ , let me know
8 You _ go and see Granny You know how happy it makes her
9 Cheese and biscuits _ to be kept in tupperware containers; otherwise the
cheese goes hard and the biscuits go soft
10 You _ pay now You can pay me next week
11 Clare and Simon _ bring their car There's plenty of room for them in
ours
12 Families _ spend more time talking, instead of just watching the telly
B/ Modals + Perfect
Infinitive
1 Must have done
* Diễn tả điều chắc chắn đã xảy ra trong
quá khứ
Eg : - There was a big explosion some
minutes ago You must have heard it
( Cách đây vài phút có tiếng nổ lớn Chắc hẳn cậu đã nghe thấy)
- He got a bad mark yesterday He must have been sad
( Hôm qua anh ta bị điểm kém Chắn chắn là anh ta rất buồn )
2 Can't/ Couldn't have done
* Diễn tả điều chắc chắn đã không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Eg : - Mr Smith was in Paris
yesterday So he can't have stolen your car
= Surely, he didn't steal your car
- Ông Smith ở Paris hôm qua cho nên chắc chắn ông ta không thể lấy cắp chiếc
xe của ông đợc
3 May/ Might have done
* Diễn tả điều có lẽ đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Eg : - I can't find my sunglasses at
home I may have left them at my friend's = Perhaps, I left them at my friend's ( Tôi không thể tìm thấy kính
Có lẽ tôi đã để quên ở nhà bạn tôi)
4 May/ Might not have done
* Diễn tả điều có lẽ đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Eg : - His wife was not happy this
morning He might not have bought her the dress she loved
( Vợ ông ta sáng nay không vui Có lẽ
ông ta đã không mua cho bà ta cái váy mà
bà ấy thích) = Perhaps, he didn't buy her the dress she loved
5 Should have done = Ought to have done
* Diễn tả điều lẽ ra đã nên làm trong quá khứ.
Eg : - I didn't go to the cinema last
night The film was very interesting I should have gone to see it ( Hôm qua tôi không đi xem phim Bộ phim rất hay Lẽ
ra tôi nên đi xem thì hơn)
6 Shouldn't have done / Oughtn't to have done
Eg 1 : - Why didn't you visit your
uncle yesterday ? He wanted to see you You shouln't have stayed at home ( Tại sao hôm qua cậu không đi thăm bác ? Bác
ấy muốn gặp cậu Lẽ ra cậu đã không nên
7 Needn't have done
* Diễn tả điều lẽ ra đã không cần phải làm trong quá khứ
Eg : - I've bought you a hat ( Anh mua
cho em cái mũ)
- Oh, you needn't have done that
My father has just bought one for me (Lẽ
ra anh không cần phải mua Bố em đã mua cho em rồi)
Trang 26Exercise I : Hãy chọn đáp án đúng
trong số A.B,C hoặc D
1/ Ali painted his bedroom black It looks
dark and dreary He a different
colour
a had to choose b should have
chosen c must have chosen d could
have been choosing
2 When Mr Lee was younger, he
work in the garden for hours, but now he
has to take frequent rests because he has
emphysema
a has got to b can c
could d should be able
3 Yesterday I to a furniture store I
bought a new lamp there
a could go b went
c could have gone d ought to
have gone
4 Jimmy and Marie were mischievous
children They tricks on their
teachers, which always got them into a lot
of trouble
a could play b used to play
c could have played d may
have played
5 - Why are you so sure that Ann didn't
commit the crime she's been accused of
committing ?
-She that crime because I was with
her, and we were out of town on that day
a may not have committed b couldn't
have committed c commited d wasn't
7 - It rain this evening Why don't
you take an umbrella ?
- That's a good idea May I borrow
9/ - Larry drove all night to get here for
his sister's wedding He exhausted by
the time he arrived
- He was
a ought to be b could be
c must have been d will have
been
10/ - You haven't eaten anything since
yesterday afternoon You be really
hungry !
- I am
a might b will
c can d must
11/ - I left a cookie on the table, but now
it's gone What happened to it ?
- I don't know One of the children it
a had to eat b should have eaten c may have eaten
d could eat12/ - What does Mr Green do for a living
?
- Nothing He's very rich He work for
a living
a must not b shouldn't
c doesn't have to d hadn'tbetter
13/ - Why are you so late ? I
my aunt to the airport, The traffic was very terrible
a could take b should take
c had to take d must have taken
14/ - They towed my car away from the executive parkinglot yesterday
- You have parked there
a may not b should not
c must not d might not15/ - I locked myself out of my apartment I didn't know what to do
- You your roommate
a should have called b would have called c may have called d must have called
16/ - Barbara just told me that she can't
go to the meeting tonight
- She go ! We need her there for thefinancial report
a has to b have to
c must be d needs17/ - I need some help with this
table you lift the other end, please ?
2/ It wasn't necessary for them to call for help after all
He might
6/ You needn't have bought it for me
It wasn't
7/ I'm absolutely sure that they didn't go out in that weather They can't 8/ "Why didn't you tell me about it yesterday ?" You
should
9/ I'm sure she didn't do it on purpose She can't
Trang 2710/ It's possible that your car was stolen
Your car
11/ Perhaps Lan went to London Lan
might
12/ It's a pity that you didn't go to see that
film at the cinema last night You
should
13/ "It was very careless of you to let the
door open last night"- You
shouldn't
14/ Perhaps Manh is repairing his bike
now. Manh may
15/ Perhaps they have two big houses in
the suburb They
16/ You ought to have reminded me about
the meeting yesterday Why didn't
CHUYấN ĐỀ IX:
Passive FORMS ( Câu bị động)
I/ OBJECTIVE:
By the end of the lesson, Ss will be
able to use tenses in passive forms.
- 4 skills focus on reading and
writing.
II/ TEACHING AIDS:
- Teacher: Text book, lesson plan -
Students: Text book, notebooks.
S + is/am/are + V3/ed + (By O)
Ex: I see Nga at the bus stop every
day
Nga is seen at the bus stop (by
me) every day
II Present progressive tense: (thỡ
hieọn taùi tieỏp dieón)
S + V + O
S + is/am/are +being + V3/ed + (By +
O)
Ex: He is asking me a lot of questions
I am being asked a lot of
Ex: My mother wrote that letter
That letter was written by my mother
IV Past progressive: (quaự khửự tieỏp
dieón)
S + V+ O
S + Were/Was +Being + V3/ed + (By O)
Ex: She was doing her homework at that time
Her homework was being done atthat time
V Present perfect: (hieọn taùi hoaứn
thaứnh)
S + V + O
S + Have/has + Been + V3/ed + (By O)
Ex: She has given me some presents
S + Modal verb + BE-inf + V3/ed + (By O)
Ex: My friend can answer the questions
The questions can be answered
by my friend
Chuự yự:
Caực taõn ngửừ “me, you, him, her, them, us, people, someone, …” taneõn boỷ khoỷi caõu bũ ủoọng neỏu khoõng muoỏn neõu roỷ taực nhaõn
Ghi chuự:
- Taõn ngửừ trong caõu bũ ủoọng ta phaỷi ủaởt sau phoự tửứ chổ nụi choỏn vaứ trửụực phoự tửứ chổ thụứi gian
- Sau caực ủoọng tửứ khieỏm khuyeỏt thỡ ủoọng tửứ “To Be” luoõn luoõn nguyeõn maóu
Trang 28Baứi taọp:
Turn into the passive voice:
1 The teacher explains the lesson
2 Mrs Green is cooking the food
in the kitchen
3 These boys made that noise
4 People speak English all over
7 They have to pay the bill before
the first of the month
8 They will ask you some
questions
9 Somebody has locked the box
and I can’t open it
10 I want you to do this work now
11 He shouldn’t do that silly thing
12 Nam does some exercises every
day
13 The new teacher teaches
English
14 They have not used that
machine for ages
15 She has eaten all the eggs
*Note: Động từ thường ở cõu chủ
động là thỡ nào thỡ khi chuyển về
cõu bị động
ta chia động từ to be ở thỡ đú.
II Change into passive forms:
1/ You mustn’t open this parcel until
4/ Do they teach French in this school?
5/ Do they teach French in this school?
6/ They make a lot of beautiful toys from
recycled plastic
7/ The wokers clean the streets every day
8/ Do they usually hold the concerts at
- Some one takes her to school every week.
- Some one is taking her to school now.
- Someone has just taken her to school.
- Some one took her to school yesterday.
- Someone was taking her to school at this
time yesterday
- Someone had taken her to school before I
got to her house
- Someone will take her to school soon.
- Someone should take her to school.
- Someone must take her to school.
- Someone has to take her to school.
- Someone used to take her to school when
she was young
- Someone will continue to take her to school.
- Someone is going to take her to school.
- Someone should have taken her to school.
- We want someone to take her to school.
- She likes someone taking her to school.
- She likes people to help her.
- She had been taken
to her house
- She will be taken
- She should be taken
- She must be taken
- She has to be taken
- She used to be taken
was young
- She will continue to be taken
- She is going to be taken
- She should have been taken
- We want her to be taken
- She likes being taken
- She likes to be helped.
IV/ Một số chú ý khi đổi từ câu chủ
động sang câu bị động
- Chuyển tân ngữ của câu chủ động thànhchủ ngữ của câu bị động
- Trợ động từ to be trong câu bị động đợc chia theo ngôi, và chia theo thời của câu chủ động
- Khi chủ ngữ của câu chủ động có tính chất chung chung , không rõ ràng ( someone, people, they ) thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động ta không dùng giới từ by
- Khi chủ ngữ của câu chủ động rõ ràng,
đợc nhấn mạnh ( My father, Mr Pike ) thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động ta phải dùng giới từ by
Eg: - They built this house in 1990 = This house was built in 1990
- My father built this house in 1990
= This house was built in 1990 by my father
Exercise 1 : Viết lại các câu sau giữ
4/ They can't make tea with cold water Tea
5/ They will hold the meeting before MayDay. The meeting
6/ They have to repair the engine of the car. The engine
7/ People spend a lot of money on advertising every year. A lot
8/ The boys broke the windows and took away some pictures The window
9/ They may use this room for the classroom. This room
10/ Our teacher is going to tell a story.
Trang 2913/ You mustn't use this machine after
5.30. This machine
14/ Luckily for me, they didn't call my
name. Luckily for me,
15/ I knew that they had told him of the
23/ What books are people reading this
year ? What books
24/ Someone should look into the matter
The matter
25/ The police advise drivers to use an
alternative rout Drivers
26/ The bank manager kept me waiting
for half an hour I
27/ He wants someone to take some
- My father gave an English book to me
= I was given an English book by my
father
= An English book was given to me by
my father
2 Câu có 2 cách đổi
Các động từ sau đợc sử dụng trong loại
câu này nh : say, think, know, believe,
report ( thông báo, báo cáo), consider
( cho rằng ), acknowledge ( thừa nhận)
Eg1 : - They say that Mr Pike works in a
big company
Cách 1 : - It is said that Mr Pike works in
a big company
Cách 2 : - Mr Pike is said to work in a
big company ( Ngời ta nói Ông Pike làm
Cách2 : - Mr Ron is said to be living
abroad now ( Ông Ron đợc ngời ta nói là
đang sống ở nớc ngoài)
Eg3 : - People believe that Mrs Ha has
left her job ( Mọi ngời nghĩ rằng Bà Hà
đã bỏ việc)
Cách 1 : - It is thought that Mrs Ha has
left her job
Cách 2 : - Mrs Ha is thought to have left
her job
3 They didn't mention any names.( Họ
không nhắc tới cái tên nào cả)
= No names were mentioned.( Không có cái tên nào đợc nhắc tới)
4 Who wrote this book ?
= By whom was this book written ? = Whom was this book written by ?
5 My father lets me watch TV in the evening.( Bố tôi để cho tôi xem TV vào
buổi tối)
= I am let watch TV in the evening by mymother
6 Our father made us work hard.( Bố
chúng tôi bắt chúng tôi phải làm việc tích cực)
= We were made to work hard by our father
7 They saw him come in ( Họ đã nhìn
thấy anh ta đi vào ) = He was seen to come in
8 They saw him coming in ( Họ nhìn
thấy anh ta đang đi vào)
= He was seen coming in
9 I remember that my father took me to the zoo last month
= I remember my father taking me to the zoo last month
( Tôi nhớ là bố tôi đã đa tôi tới vờn thú vào tháng trớc)
= I remember being taken to the zoo last month by my father.( Tôi nhớ đã đợc bố
đa tới vờn thú tháng trớc )
10 You should know how to drive ( Bạn
cần phải biết lái xe.)
- It is your duty to know how to drive = You are supposed to know how to drive
Exercise : Rewrite the following
3/ People know that English is an international language
5/ They say that John is the brightest student in the class John 6/ People think that he has died a natural death He
Trang 307/ They reported that the troops were
coming The troops
8/ People say that he left the town some
11/ People here don't make their children
work hard Their children
12/ You need to have your hair cut
Your hair
13/ It's your duty to do this work
You
14/ I remember my brother taking me to
the park I remember
15/ They didn't pay me for the work ;
they expected me to do it for nothing.
I
16/ You should have taken these books
back to the library These
books
17/ People consider that she is the best
singer that Australia has ever produced
21/ There is a rumour that the criminal is
living in town The criminal
22/ People saw him climbing over the
wall. He
23/ They offered me a job yesterday
A job
24/ Why did no one inform me of the
change of the plan ? Why wasn't ?
25/ Did the idea interest you ?
Were ?
26/ They say that her smile hides a
secret. It
27/ They said that the company was
losing a lot of money The
company
28/ People think that an apple a day is
good for you. An apple
29/ Someone saw them dumping rubbish
They
Revision 2
I/ Chọn đáp án đúng trong số A, B , C
hoặc D
1/ I post that letter for you on my
way to the post-office ?
3/ She had to do the shopping for her
neighbour, she ?
5/ At half past ten this morning, I
along the motorway
6/ You talk too loud ! The children
are sleeping
8/ What have you been doing
last Sunday, George ?
10/ The child asleep when he was playing with his toys
II/ Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa
1/ You're the worst guitarist in the world. No one
2/ It was a waste of time writing that letter You needn't
3/ It is acknowledged that Vietnam had a complete control over SARS from a very early stage of the epidemic Vietnam
13/ How long is it since you saw Mary ?
When
4/ It wasn't necessary for you to go into
so much trouble on my behalf.You
15/ Why didn't you think of that before ?
21/ People say that the late Mr John was difficult to work with
22/ The Chinese are believed to have invented the gunpowder. It
25/ The discovery of new drug is helping the fight against this disease The fight
Trang 3126/ Need we leave so early ? Do
we ?
27/ I don't believe that you have lost your
keys again You
can't
28/ I'm sure you had a good time at the
party You must
29/ Perhaps they didn't notice the tire was
flat. They might
30/ Why didn't you help your mother
when she was ill ? You should
31/ "Helen, would you like to come to
lunch on Sunday ?", said Mary Mary
invited
32/ "Don't forget to buy some milk,
Andy", said Clare Clare
reminded
33/ "Make sure you don't take the A20 in
the rush hour, Tim", said Jack. Jack
warned
34/ "Me ? No, I didn't take Sue's
calculator," said Bob Bob
denied
35/ "Why don't you go and see "The
Sound of Silence" again, Brian ?", I said
I suggested
36/ He hasn't written to his parents for 2
months now The last time
37/ I've never been to Scotland before
41/ She is the most interesting girl I've
ever known I 've never
42/ John speaks Spanish more fluently
than I do I can't
43/ No one in my group dances better
than Hoa Hoa is
44/ I'm not good at English as my
sister. My sister
45/ Mr Hai is a slower worker than Mr
Chinh Mr Hai
46/There aren't as many parks in Hanoi as
in London There are
III/ Sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau (Mỗi
câu có một lỗi sai)
1/ Thomas started working for that
company for twelve years
2/ It was a great party last night You
should come Why didn't you ?
3/ You've been travelling all day You can
be very tired
4/ I don't know where Margaret is now
She may in her office
5/ Today is Sunday You mustn't get up
early
6/ Hello ! Do I speak to Tom please ?
7/ Mr Jack is older 2 years than Mr Pike
8/ If you move quiet, you can see small
wild animals in the area
9/ Competitive cyclists must react calm during tournaments
IV/ Dùng từ gợi ý để viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1/ Jack London / life and writing / think /
by many / represent / American / love of adventure//
2/ It / know / she / work / foreign company/ now//
3/ It / 5 years / since / I / visit / home village //
4/ James Watt / Scottish scientist / invent / steam engine / years ago
5/ When / rain / you / should / not / out//
6/ A lot / work / do / this house / recently
CHUYấN ĐỀ 10:
Conditional sentences
( Câu điều kiện) I/ The first condition: (Câu điều kiện loại 1)
- Là loại câu chỉ tình huống có thể xảy ra
ở hiện tại hoặc tơng lai.
Mẫu câu :
Mệnh đề if Hiện tại đơn
S + V(s/es) + O S + will/may/might/can/should + V + O
- Mệnh đề If có thể đứng trớc hoặc đứng sau.
- Nếu mệnh đề if đúng trớc thì giữa 2 mệnh đề phải có dấu ","
Eg : - If you work hard, you'll pass the
exam ( Nếu bạn học chăm, bạn sẽ thi
Eg :- If you feel tired, you should go to
bed early (Nếu bạn cảm thấy mệt, bạn nên đi ngủ)
- Có thể dùng dạng thức mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính.
Eg : - Please tell him to come to my office if you see him
- Hãy bảo anh ta đến văn phòng của tôi nếu cậu gặp anh ta
- Có thể dùng động từ thời hiện tại hoàn thành ở mệnh đề if
Eg : - If you have written your letter, I'll
post it (Nếu cậu viết xong th, tớ sẽ gửi cho cậu)
- If có thể thay bằng when:
Eg : - When the school year finishes,
I'll visit my grandparents
( Khi năm học kết thúc, tớ sẽ đi thăm ôngbà)
Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets
into the correct form.
1/ I (look) for your note book and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring
2/ If he (be) late, we (go) without him
Trang 323/ If you (come) late, they (not let ) you in.
4/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time
5/ Tell him to take his bike inside If
he (leave) it outside, someone (steal) it.
6/ Wait until I (be) ready
7/ The meeting (start) _ when everybody arrives
8/ Let's phone Mandy now before it (be) _ too late
9/ If he (not know) _ what to do he'll ask his mum
II/ The second condition: (Câu điều kiện loại 2)
- Là loại câu chỉ tình huống không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại, trái với thực tế ở hiện tại Đó là tình huống giả định.
Mẫu câu :
Mệnh đề if Quá khứ đơn
S + V(ed/ s.p) + O S + would/might/could + V(inf) + O
Eg : - Mrs Hoa is too old, so she can't
apply for the job If Mrs Hoa were younger, she would/ could apply for the job ( Nếu bà Hoa trẻ hơn, bà ấy sẽ nộp
đơn xin việc)
( To be chia là were cho tất cả các ngôi)
- I don't have money now If I had money, I would/ could/ might buy that house
(Bây giờ tôi không có tiền Nếu tôi có tiền, tôi sẽ mua ngôi nhà đó)
- It is raining I have to stay at home If
it weren't raining, I wouldn't stay at home
Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets into
the correct form.
1/ If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I (give) up my job
2/ If I (be) sent to prison, you (visit) me ?3/ I (not drink) that wine if I (be) you
4/ I (get) a job easily if I (have) a degree
5/ Of course I'm not going to give her a diamond ring If I (give) her, she (sell) it
6/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time, but we have no intention of workingall night
7/ Look at poor Tom trying to start his car by hand again If I (be) Tom, I (get) a new battery.
8/ I'd go to see him more often if I (live) _ nearer
If I knew you were right, I (agree) with you
If I (win) a lot of money, I would give up my job
11/ I (buy ) shares in that company if they were cheaper
III/ The third condition: (Câu điều kiện loại 3)
Là loại câu chỉ tình huống trái với thực tế trong quá khứ.
Mẫu câu :
Mệnh đề if Quá khứ hoàn thành
S + had done + O S + would / might/could + have done + O
Eg : - The weather was bad yesterday I
had to stay at home If the weather had been fine yesterday, I would have gone out (Nếu hôm qua trời đẹp, có lẽ tôi đã đichơi rồi)
- If the weather hadn't been bad, I wouldn't have stayed at home
- Nếu thời tiết không xấu, tôi đã không ở nhà
Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets
into the correct form.
1/ I had no maps; that's why I got lost If I(have) a map I (be) all right
2/ The job is much worse than I expected
If I (realise) how awful it was going to be
I (not accept ) it
3/ I'm sorry you didn't tell me that dogs were allowed in the hotel; if I (know) I (bring) my dog He (enjoy) the walk
4/ It rained, which spoiled our picnic; but
if it (not rain) it (be) a great success
5/ I didn't recognize him at first because
he was wearing dark glasses; if he (not wear) them I (recognize) him
7/ We had to stand almost all the way It was all Tom's fault If he (book) seats, as I told him to, we (have) quite a comfortable journey
IV/ Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp ( 2 + 3)
Là câu chỉ tình huống trái với thực tế ở hiện tại và quá khứ.
Mẫu câu :
Quá khứ hoàn thành (had
done) would/might/could be + V-ing would/might/could + V
Eg :- I ate too much this morning Now I
feel uncomfortable
- Sáng nay tôi ăn quá nhiều Bây giờ tôi cảm thấy khó chịu
- If I hadn't eaten too much this morning,
I wouldn't feel uncomfortable now
- Nếu sáng nay tôi không ăn nhiều thì bây giờ tôi đã không cảm thấy khó chịu
- I'm not having a good time now, because I had an accident yesterday
- If I hadn't had an accident yesterday, I would be having a good time now
Exercise : Rewrite the following
sentences
1/ I'm having a lot of trouble now because
I lost my passport last week If
I
2/ Lan feels tired now because she ate too much this morning If
Lan
Trang 333/ I'm sick now because I went to the
stadium yesterday afternoon If
I
4/ He didn't learn hard at school; that's
why he is unemployed now If
he
Notes:
1- may/can để chỉ sự cho phép: EX:
If you eat all your dinner, you
can have a chocolate
2- may/might/ could để chỉ khả
năng có thể xảy ra: VD: If he
doesn’t come soon, he might
miss the train
3- can/could để chỉ khả năng: EX: If
the ice is thick, we can walk
across
4- must/ have to để chỉ sự bắt buộc,
should/ ought to để chỉ lời
khuyên hoặc gợi ý
EX: You must do your homework
if you want to go out
If you want to lose weight,
you should do exercise
I Use the correct tense:
1 The teacher will be very angry if
(tell) me, I could help him
3 If you don’t water the flowers,
(be) you, I wouldn’t buy that car
8 He will play tennis if the weather
to bed early, he will get up early
12 If he touches this wire, he
14 If I knew, I
………(come) earlier
17 If she ……… (wear) a necklace, her dress will look better
18 If you go near the dog, it
………(bite) you
19 Bodrum ………(be) ideal for a holiday if it weren’t so crowded
22 The children can stay up late if they ……… (be) good
23 If the dinner isn’t ready, I
………(go) out
24 We would die if the plane
………(crash)
II Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets in the following sentences:
1 He (not see)
……… his brother recently
2 I can’t go to the movies with you if
it (rain) ……… heavily
5 The “Ao dai” (mention)
……… in poems and songs for centuries
6 What ……….….your children (do)
……… when he (come)
……… yesterday?
7 My car (not repair)
………yet
Trang 3411 She (not live)……….with her
parents She (live)
……… …alone
12 I (stay)………with my parents at
the moment though I (have)
……… my own flat
13 Listen! Someone (knock)
……… at the door
14 I hope it (not rain)
……… whe
n the bride (leave)
………
15 What time the bus (leave)
……… for Dave tomorrow?
18 We (have)………a small party
next Sunday? Would you like
(come)………?
19 Look at that car It ( drive)
………too fast It (hit)
………that cyclist
20.I bought a fishing rod I (go)
………
fishing this afternoon
21 My mother (always forget)
………
her umbrella at the supermarket
22 What ……you (do)………tonight?-I
don’t know I (probably stay)…
………home and watch TV
23.I hope I (become)
………
… a singer one day
24 They (visit)
……….me when they (come back)
29 It’s very cold here You (close)
……… the window for me, please?
30 A: We’ve run out of sugar
B: Alright I(go)
………and buy some
31 The flight to HCM city (leave)
……….Hanoi at 10 and (arrive)………there at 11
32 She sometimes (watch)
……… movies on Sunday
33 Look! Our teacher (come)
……… She (have)
………long hair
34 The children (like)
……… to play in the park
35 Something (smell)
………good
in the kitchen now
36 Thanh prefers (listen)
………to music to (watch)………TV
37 Tomorrow (be)
Trang 35Sunday, so I (not go)
41 Would you mind (show)
………me how (send)
homework, we have to stay
home and do it
44 If her mother (return)………
home early, she can cook the
meal for the family
45 I (go)………to
Lan’s party if she invites me
46 They will pass the exam if they
(study)………
hard
47 They said that they (will try)
………their
best to do the test
48 The book (just publish)
………by
Kim Dong publisher
49 The Brown (travel)
………to
Asia many times
50 The boys wish their team (not
lose)………
the game
51 The farmers wish it (not rain)
………so
heavily this season
52 Ba’s uncle wishes he (get)
………
good crops this year
53 You ever (be)………to
India?-Yes I (be)
………there twice
54 She asked me if I (can)
………speak Chinese
55 If he (want)………to become a doctor, he must (study)………hard
56 You should practice (listen)
………
…to the radio every day
57 Please call me if the bell (ring)
………
58 My father wishes he (take part)
………in the Chess Club
59 English (speak)
………in Viet Nam many years ago
60 You should (do)……….a lot of grammar exercises if you want (learn)………English well
Conditional sentences ( Một số trờng hợp khác)
1 Should đợc dùng trong câu loại 1
- If you should see him, please tell him tocome to me
- Nếu cậu nhìn thấy anh ấy, bảo anh ấy
a Ước điều trái với thực tế ở hiện tại
S1 + wish + S1 / S2 + did sth / were
Eg : - I am old now I wish I were
- He didn't learn hard at school He regrets now
Anh ta đã không học chăm chỉ khi còn ở trờng Bây giờ anh ta hối tiếc
= - He wishes he had learned hard = He regrets not having learned / learning hard.Anh ta ớc trớc kia đã học hành chăm chỉ
Trang 362/ I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to
stay in bed) I wish
3/ What a pity Mai can't come. I
wish
4/ My brother regretted not learning
Russian before My brother
wished
5/ I'm sorry that I asked her to stay
Now I wish
3 Unless
Thờng dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 1
Eg : - If you don't start at once, you'll be
late = You'll be late unless you start at
once
Nếu cậu không bắt đầu ngay, cậu sẽ bị
muộn (Cậu sẽ bị muộn trừ khi cậu bắt
2/ The fire will go out if someone doesn't
put some more coal on -
Unless
3/ If you don't take care of those shoes,
they won't last for long.-
Unless
4/ If we don't hurry, the sun will rise
before we reach the top
Unless
5/ If it doesn't stop raining, they will
cancel the tournament -
Unless
6/ The child will die if nobody sends for a
doctor Unless
4 Otherwise ( Nếu không thì)
Có thể dùng với câu loại 1,2 và 3
Eg 1 : - You should start at once;
otherwise you'll be late
- Anh nên bắt đầu ngay, nếu không anh
Eg 3 :- Yesterday, I was ill; otherwise I
would have gone to Da lat
- Hôm qua tôi ốm, nếu không thì tôi đã đi
Đà lạt rồi
5 Or (else) Nếu không
Dùng tơng tự nh Otherwise
Eg : - Put the jacket on or (else) /
otherwise you'll catch a cold
- Mặc áo vào nếu không con sẽ bị lạnh
đấy = If you don't put the jacket on,
you'll catch a cold
Eg : - I didn't know Lan was here
yesterday If only I had known that Tôi không biết hôm qua cô ta ở đây.Giá mà tôi biết điều đó
- Có thể đợc dùng nh 1 vế của câu điều kiện
Eg : - If only I were a bit younger, I
would apply for that job
- Giá mà tôi trẻ hơn một chút, tôi sẽ nộp đơn xin việc
7 But for = If it weren't for sth / sb
If it hadn't been Nếu không vì điều gì
- Thờng dùng với câu loại 2 và loại 3 Eg1 :- It is very cold But for the weather,
Eg 2 : - It was very cold yesterday But
for the weather, we would have visited our teacher
= If it hadn't been for the weather, we would have visited
- Hôm qua trời rất lạnh Nếu không vì thời tiết chúng tôi đã đi thăm cô giáo rồi
8 Bỏ if
* Trong câu điều kiện loại 3 :
- If I had known he was ill, I'd have visited him = Had I known he was
- If he hadn't gone to the cinema last night, he wouldn't have got a bad cold
= Had he not gone to
* Trong câu điều kiện loại 2 với were
- If she were younger = Were she younger
Exercise : Rewrite the following
Had
it
3/ It would have been a superb weekend
if it hadn't been for the weather Had
4/ She can't go camping because of her age Were she
5/ He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice Had he
9 In case
a In case of sth = If there is sth : Nếu có cái gì
Eg : - In case of fire, ring this number =
If there is a fire, ring this number
- Trong trờng hợp có cháy, hãy gọi số này
b In case : Phòng khi (Động từ sau in case dùng thời hiện tại đơn)
