- Khi các lọai câu mệnh lệnh,yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời khuyên đợc đổi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thờng đợc mở đầu băng các động từ: “ order/ command/ tell/ ask/ request/ advise/ invite.....[r]
Trang 2 Directed speech and reported speech
(Lời nói trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp)
I/ Definition:
1 Direct speech: ( lời nói trực tiếp)- là lời nói t ờng thuật lai đúng nguyên văn lời của ng ời nói Lời nói trực tiếp th ờng đ ợc viết giữa hai dấu ngoặc kép và đ ợc ngăn cách với mệnh đề t ờng thuật bởi dấu phẩy.
Ex: - John said, “ I like reading scince books.”
2 Reported or indirect speech: ( lời nói t ờng thuật hay lời nói gián tiếp ”
– là lời nói đ ợc thuật lại với ý và từ của ng ời t ờng thuật Lời nói gián tiếp không
bi ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy hay dấu ngoặc kép, và luôn tận cùng bằng dấu
chấm câu.
Ex: - John said (that) he liked reading science books.
L u ý:
Lời nói trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp gồm có hai phần/ mệnh đề:
- Mệnh đề chính hay mệnh đề t ờng thuật
- Lời nói trực tiếp hoặc lời nói gián tiếp
Trang 3 II/ Changing direct speech into reported speech
(Chuyển lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp)
tại hoàn thành (HAVE/ HAS SAID) hoặc t ơng lai đơn (WILL/
SHALL SAY) thì trong lời trích dẩn ta chỉ đổi đại từ và hình thức của động từ cho phù hợp.
lời trích dẩn ta phải đổi thì (Tense), các từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ thời gian (time), địa điểm (place) và đại từ (Person)theo các quy tắc sau:
Trang 4Trùc tiÕp Gi¸n tiÕp VÝ dô
* Simple present
* Present continuous
* - Simple past
- Present perfect
* - past continuous
- Present perfect
continuous
* Simple future
* May
* can
- Simple past
- Past continuous
- Past perfect
- Past perfect
- Past perfect Continuous
-Past perfect –
-Future in past
- might
- could
- “ I feel sick”
He said he felt sick.
- “ I’m writing a letter”
He said that he was writing a letter.
- “ I have seen that film.”
He said that he had seen that film.
- “I was living in Viene then”
He said that he had been living in Viene
- “ I shall go to Japan in July”
He said that he would go to Japan in July.
Trang 5 L u ý: Tr ờng hợp không đổi dạng động từ khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gian tiếp.
lời nói gián tiếp khi diển tả:
ở các thì) ta phải m ợn các từ có cùng nghĩa nh :
Trang 6 * Các cấu trúc câu:
1 Cấu trúc câu Wish ( câu mong ớc ) không đổi.
Ex: She said, “I wish I had known the truth.”
She wished She had known the truth.
She said that she wished She had known the truth.
2 Cấu trúc:
Would rather + S + V(quá khứ) - Không đổi
3 Cấu trúc: It’s (high) time + S + V (quá khứ) – Không
đổi
to school alone, my son”
The man said to his son that it was high time
he went to school alone.
4 Câu điều kiẹn loại 2 và 3 không đổi.
Trang 7Trùc tiÕp Gi¸n tiÕp VÝ dô
* This
*These
* Here
* Now
* today
* Yesterday
* Tomorrow
* ago
* Next week
* last week
- that
- Those
- There
- Then
- That day
- The day before The previous day
- The next day The following day
- Before
- The week after The following week
- The week before The previous week
- “I need this book”
He said that he needed that book.
- “ I’ll take these with me.”
He said that he would take those with her
- “I’ll return here at 3 o’clock.”
He said He would return there at 3 o’clock
- “I’m going now.”
She said that she was going then.
- “I will do it today.”
He said he would do it that day.
- “I was at Hue yesterday.”
She said she had been at Hue the day before
- “We’ll wait until tomorrow.”
They said they would wait until the following day.
- “I was at Dalat three weeks ago.”
He said he had been at Dalat Three weeks before
- “I’ll come to see her next week.”
He said he would come to see her the week after.
- “I went to Hanoi last week.”
He said he had gone to Hanoi the week before
Trang 8 C/ Đổi đại từ:
của
của túc từ ( Object) trong mệnh đề t ờng thuật.
nguyên.
Trang 9 D/ T ờng thuật gián tiếp các loại câu:
từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp th ờng đ ợc mở đầu băng các động từ: “ order/ command/ tell/ ask/ request/ advise/ invite ” Th ờng đ ợc t ờng thuật theo cấu trúc sau:
S + asked / told / requested + O + to + V-infinitive
Ex: 1.“Hurry up, Lan”
She told Lan to hurry up.
She asked me to carry her bag.
3 “Would you like to have a drink.”
She invited me to have a drink.
+ Nếu các loại câu trên ở dạng phủ định:
S + asked / told / requested + O + not + to +V-infinitive
Trang 10 II Câu hỏi gián tiếp:
sau:
nói.
thuật.
will/ must ) thì đổi theo quy tắc.
động từ và đua về câu khăng định l u ý đổi thì của động từ chính theo quy tắc đổi thì.
trong câu gián tiếp
Trang 11 2 Wh- questions:
c¸c b íc sau
nãi.
thuËt.
c©u hái.
trong c©u gi¸n tiÕp
Trang 12 Bµi tËp
I Put the following commands and requests into reported speech.
1 The teacher said to Tim, “Come into my office, please.”
2 Their mother said to them, “Don’t make so much noise.”
3 The traffic policeman said, “Show me your driving license, please.”
4 Mr Jackson said to Tim, “Could you give me a hand, please?”
5 Nam said to the taxi driver, “please turn left at the first traffic light.”
6 She said to her son, “Go straight upstairs and get into bed.”
7 The policeman said, “Don’t touch anything in the room.”
8 Mary said to John, “Can you carry my suitcase, please.”
9 I said to him, “Would you mind if I took some photos?”
10 The doctor said to the boy, “Take off your shirt, please.”
Trang 13 Bµi tËp
1 The teacher said to Tim, “Come into my office, please.”
2 Their mother said to them, “Don’t make so much noise.”
3 The traffic policeman said, “Show me your driving license, please.”
4 Mr Jackson said to Tim, “Could you give me a hand, please?”
5 Nam said to the taxi driver, “please turn left at the first traffic light.”
6 She said to her son, “Go straight upstairs and get into bed.”
7 The policeman said, “Don’t touch anything in the room.”
8 Mary said to John, “Can you carry my suitcase, please.”
9 I said to him, “Would you mind if I took some photos?”
10 The doctor said to the boy, “Take off your shirt, please.”
Trang 14 II Yesterday morning, Mr Robinson was ill he went to the doctor and the doctor gave him some advice Report the doctor s advice in two ways as shown.’s advice in two ways as shown.
doctor s advice in two ways as shown.’s advice in two ways as shown.
1 “You should take a few days off”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
2 “You should stay in bed for a few days.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
3 “You should take these medicines every four hours.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
4 “You ought to keep your body warm.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
5 “You shouldn’t drink alcohol or smoke.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
6 “You ought not to eat fatty food.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
7 “You should take a little milk before sleeping.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
Trang 15 II Yesterday morning, Mr Robinson was ill he went to the doctor and the doctor gave him some advice Report the doctor s advice in two ways as shown.’s advice in two ways as shown.
doctor s advice in two ways as shown.’s advice in two ways as shown.
1 “You should take a few days off”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
2 “You should stay in bed for a few days.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
3 “You should take these medicines every four hours.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
4 “You ought to keep your body warm.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
5 “You shouldn’t drink alcohol or smoke.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
6 “You ought not to eat fatty food.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
7 “You should take a little milk before sleeping.”
- The doctor said to Mr Robinson that
- The doctor advised Mr Robinson
Trang 16 III Turn the following questions into indirect speech
Trang 17 III Turn the following questions into indirect speech
Trang 18 IV Change the following sentences into reported speech.
1 He said to her, “you are my friend.”
2 Johnny said to his father, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
3 “Don’t come back before one o’clock.” my brother Advised
4 “Cook it in butter.” Mrs Brown said to her daughter.
5 The pupils said, “Teacher, give us better mark, please.”
6 “What a dirty face you have!” Ann said to her son.
7 “Don’t you know how to behave There must be no talking in lessons” The teacher told his students.
8 “I wonder who is coming in the excursion tomorrow I do hope it won’t
rain” She said
9 “Do as you are told You are a naughty boy” Mrs Brown said.
10 “It is a very nice evening Why don’t we go out for a walk” Jim suggested.
Trang 19 IV Change the following sentences into reported speech.
11 “It isn’t very foggy today as it was yesterday”, Said the teacher
12 “Be modest if you are a good student”, Said the teacher.
13 He said to her: “ I have not told you anything yet.”
15 Mr Ha asked his friend: “How did you manage to know my phone
number?”
16 Minh said: “My father died a year ago”
17.I said to the librarian: “could I take out another book please?”
18 She said to the boys: “Be careful Don’t go too near the edge of the cliff”