MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY HOANG CU IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF BUSINESS EXPORT IMPORT OF BUSINESSES IN HA GIANG PROVINCE Assoc... As
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HANOI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY
HOANG CU
IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF BUSINESS EXPORT IMPORT OF BUSINESSES IN HA GIANG PROVINCE
Assoc Prof., Ph.D NGUYEN HUY THINH
HA NOI – 2021
Trang 2WORK WAS COMPLETED IN:
HANOI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY
SUPERVISORS:
1 Prof., Ph.D VU VAN HOA
2 Assoc Prof., Ph.D NGUYEN HUY THINH
Reviewer 1:
Reviewer 2:
Reviewer 3:
The thesis shall be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at
Hanoi University of Business and Technology
At: …… Day …… Month …… Year 2021
The thesis can be found at:
- National Library
- Library of Hanoi University of Business and Technology
Trang 31 THE NECESSITY OF THE THESIS
Ha Giang is a mountainous province in the northern border of Vietnam, 320
km from Hanoi capital, with a 277,556 km long border border with China, with anatural area of over 7,800 km2; population is about 900 thousand people, including
19 ethnic groups, mainly Mong, Tay and Dao The terrain is mainly rocky, which is
a strategic area that is particularly important in terms of economy - society, defense
- security and foreign affairs of the whole country Ha Giang also has manypotential comparative advantages for development As the location of the northern
"gateway" of the country, there are 4 national highways passing through, borderingwith China The management area includes 11 districts, including 07 borderdistricts, and 34 border communes and towns; adjacent to the districts of Ma Quan,
Ma Ly Pho, Phu Ninh (Van Nam, China) and part of Na Po district (Guangxi,China) Ha Giang also has Thanh Thuy international border gate as the "first point"leading to the following provinces such as Hanoi, Hai Phong, Quang Ninh 01bilateral border gate, 02 auxiliary border gates, 11 border gates The developedborder gate system is a favorable condition for the import of developed goods
Practices in Ha Giang in recent years show that border gate economic activitieshave been increasing in recent times and have been prioritized for development bylocal authorities Currently, out of a total of 998 operating enterprises, Ha Giang hasonly 178 enterprises and private traders engaged in import and export activities, ofwhich 64 are regularly operating enterprises and traders (53 enterprises and traders)
11 private traders) The activities of import-export enterprises have also contributed
to Ha Giang's GDP growth over the past two decades, contributing to the promotion
of production development, especially the enrichment of agricultural products As aresult, the import-export enterprises of Ha Giang are mainly small enterprises,operating irregularly; taxable import and export goods account for a smallproportion of the total number of import and export goods; State budget revenuefrom import-export goods is not stable, the main source of revenue is importedmachinery and equipment to create fixed assets… Thus, with the limitations ofresources for development as mentioned above, business Ha Giang import-exportindustry will face difficulties in performing the role of "bridge", "transshipment" ofimport-export goods and services in order to take full advantage of its geographicalposition near the large Chinese market
From the approach and assessment of the above situation, the author chooses theresearch topic: "Improving the efficiency of import-export activities of enterprises
in Ha Giang province" as the topic of his doctoral thesis me
2 OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION OF RESEARCH IN THE HOME AND OUTSIDE
2.1 Import-Export business theories
The system of trade theory is an important theoretical basis for explaining theformation of commercial activities in the world including the theory of Adam Smithwith the theory of "Absolute advantage", David Ricardo and Mill with the theory of
"Absolute advantage" theory of “Comparative Advantage”, Heckscher-Ohlin, P.Krugman (1980) with “New Trade Theory”, Helpman and P Krugman (1985) with
“Integration Theory” and Michael Porter with “Diamond Models”
Trang 42.2 Theoretical foundations of business efficiency
2.2.1 Overseas research projects
The first group: studies on the importance and necessity of business efficiency analysis and business efficiency evaluation criteria
Research works by Robert Kaplan, Harvard University accounting professorand David Norton, on the strategic business efficiency evaluation system by theBalanced Scorecard Related studies include:
- Book: “The balanced scorecard: Translating strategy into action”
published by Harvard University Press in 1996 In this book, the author presentedthe measurement system Balanced scorecard including financial criteria and non-financial, related to each other in terms of cause and effect to translate strategy intospecific operational goals in terms of financial, customer, internal businessprocesses, awareness and growth The book focuses on industry research such asbanking, oil, insurance and retail
- Article: "The balanced scorecard - measures that drive performance" inHarvard Business Review, January and February 1992 (pp 71 - 79) The author hasdeveloped the "Balanced Scorecard", a new performance measurement system forbusinesses The author has built a system of indicators in which indicators reflectfactors affecting the success of the strategy, including: staff quality, internalbusiness processes, customer satisfaction …
The topic "Integrated performance measurement systems: A developmentguide" by Bititci, Carrie, McDevitt (1997) The research has clearly shown theimportance of business activities and the system of criteria for evaluating businessefficiency of enterprises On the basis of the experience of previous studies in othercountries, the author makes a proposal to build a system of criteria to evaluatebusiness efficiency according to the model of linking business efficiency evaluationcriteria in different aspects in the business process business of that enterprise
The second group, the research works on business efficiency for enterprises operating in each industry, each specific field:
Research by Singh and Raymond (2002) in the article "Analysis of financial
ratios commonly used by US lodging financial executives" has shown the
importance of business efficiency analysis criteria of enterprises, especially thosethat reflect efficiency of asset use, efficiency of operation management andindicators of profitability Performance and profitability ratios are the mostimportant ratios for managers
Research by Fang-Mei Tseng, Yu-Jing Chiu, Ja-Shen Chen (2007):
"Measuring business efficiency in the high-tech manufacturing industry: A case
study of Taiwan's large-sized TFT-LCD panel companies" The study identified a
new set of financial and non-financial efficiency indicators that can be used byhigh-tech manufacturing companies and developed a business efficiency evaluationmodel The study also pointed out 5 important factors when assessing businessefficiency of enterprises, which are: financial efficiency, competitive efficiency,production capacity, innovation capacity and supply chain relationship
From the point of view of evaluating business efficiency in Logistics
enterprises, Yuen, Sheung Man (2006) "Performance measurement and
management of third party logistics : an organizational theory approach", Thesis
Trang 5(Ph.D.) - Hong Kong Baptist University Business efficiency of logistics serviceproviders is reflected in 5 criteria: (i) Financial efficiency and market share; (ii)Productivity; (iii) Turnaround time; (iv) Customer service (v) Reputation andreputation The results of practical research with 742 questionnaires show that theimportant factors affecting the business efficiency of logistics enterprises areservice quality, organizational efficiency and customer relations.
Zou et al (1998) to evaluate export efficiency, the author proposes a scale(EXPERF scale) including three aspects: financial (export profit, export sales andexport sales growth) ), strategy (export's contribution to firm's competitiveness,strategic position and market share), and stakeholder satisfaction
Research by Jorge Carneiro, Angela da Rocha, Jorge Ferreira da Silva(2007): “A Critical Analysis of Measurement Models of Export Performance” is areview of empirical studies on export efficiency for the period 1999-2004, haveshown that there are flaws in the conceptualization and structure of performance
Coelli, T., Rao, D., O'Donnell, C and Battese, G (2005) “An Introduction toEfficiency and Productivity Analysis”, 2nd edition, Publishing House Springer &Science According to the author, the efficiency of enterprises consists of two parts:technical efficiency and allocative efficiency Technological efficiency representsthe ability of a firm to achieve maximum output with a given input level Allocativeefficiency represents the ability of a firm to use inputs at the most reasonable ratiofor output and corresponding costs Combining the two factors of technologicalefficiency and distribution efficiency creates overall economic efficiency
2.2.2 Domestic research projects
The first group, the studies on the theoretical basis of business efficiency
and the system of criteria for analyzing business efficiency of enterprises in general
Nguyen Trong Co, Nghiem Thi Tha (2017), Textbook of corporate financialanalysis, Financial Publishing House The financial analysis textbook is approachedaccording to the requirements of financial management in two areas: macro-financial analysis and micro-financial analysis Financial analysis providesinformation to help managers have the necessary basis to make decisions onfinancial management and operations in a timely and effective manner
Pham Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thi Lan Anh (2018), Financial report analysis,forecast and valuation, National Economics University Publishing House Chapter8: Analyzing business efficiency
Nguyen Nang Phuc, Nghiem Van Loi, Nguyen Ngoc Quang (2006) with thework "Financial analysis of joint stock companies" presented their views on thesystem of financial analysis indicators in general in joint-stock companies
The indicator system also stops at the most basic financial indicators to helpevaluate and analyze the efficiency of using assets, capital resources, etc
The second group, the studies use the theoretical basis and the system of indicators
to evaluate business efficiency for enterprises in a particular industry or field
Doctoral thesis of author Do Huyen Trang (2012): "Complete analysis of businessefficiency in export wood processing enterprises in the South Central region" Theauthor concludes that improving business efficiency is always associated with theimplementation of social goals The author gives 3 groups of criteria to evaluate thebusiness efficiency of enterprises: efficiency in using costs or inputs, turnover rate
Trang 6of costs or inputs, profitability of enterprises costs or inputs Especially in the topic,the author has proposed a number of indicators to evaluate social efficiency such asthe ability to provide jobs, contribute to the state budget However, when giving theperfect solution, the author has not analyzed the indicators to measure and evaluatesocial effectiveness.
Doctoral thesis of author Le Cong Hoi (2017): "Business efficiency of logisticsenterprises in the North Central provinces" Logistics enterprises are a specific type
of business Because logistics activities are a series of activities from input to output
of products, the business efficiency of logistics enterprises is not only consideredwithin the enterprise but also takes into account the business efficiency of partners,including including partners in the supply chain and enterprises using logisticsservices From the above point of view, the author chooses an efficiency evaluationmodel based on two groups of criteria: i Business efficiency within logisticsenterprises (ROA, ROE, ROS, ROC, Average labor productivity, Average income
of employees); ii Effective spillover to enterprises using Logistics services and tosocio-economic development (Impact of Logistics on business efficiency, on therational use of resources, on business efficiency criteria of enterprises, the impact oflogistics services on local socio-economic development)
The common point of the above-mentioned dissertations is that they have appliedtheir knowledge of business efficiency evaluation models in the world and appliedthem to specific business objects to choose a suitable business efficiency evaluationmodel fit However, most of the studies focus on perfecting the efficiencyevaluation criteria model, rather than going into the analysis to find out the factorsthat directly affect the business efficiency of enterprises in the industry and field.specific area
The third group: research works related to import and export topics.
Doctoral thesis of author Nguyen Van Hoi (2014): "Vietnam's competitiveadvantage in exporting goods through Vietnam-China border gates" The authoranalyzes the factors affecting Vietnam's competitive advantage in exporting goodsthrough Vietnam - China border gates, including: border gate conditions, Chinesemarket demand conditions, trade support services at the border gate, the competitiveenvironment of traders, the Vietnamese government and China's policymechanisms, etc
The ministerial-level scientific project "Research and propose some solutions topromote the export of goods from Vietnam to China" was chaired by theDepartment of Mountain Trade - Ministry of Industry and Trade in 2009 In which ,only focus on research on the small-scale export of Vietnamese goods across theland border to China, not to mention the import and export of goods across theborder in general between Vietnam and China
Doctoral thesis: "Impact of import and export of goods on Vietnam's economicgrowth", by Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy at the National Economics University: Based on
an overview of empirical studies in the world to point out emerging problems and
to choose an empirical research model on the impact of commodity exports oneconomic growth, applied to the specific case of Vietnam The thesis shows that thequality of export goods, including the structure of exported goods, is an importantfactor affecting economic growth From the research results, the thesis proposes a
Trang 7number of solutions to promote the export of goods, increase in quantity andimprove in quality, towards sustainable export.
Doctoral thesis: "Policies to promote the export of goods to the EU market in terms
of joining the WTO" by Nguyen Thi Thuy Hong at the National EconomicsUniversity in 2014: researched on policies to promote exports of Vietnamese goods
to the EU in the context of increased trade liberalization The study has alsoreinforced the assessment of the importance of proactive domestic raw materials toimprove export efficiency and will be considered and included in the set ofefficiency evaluation criteria
Doctoral thesis in Economics: "Renovating the structure of import and exportgoods in trade relations with China to limit the trade deficit" by author Nguyen ThiNhat Thu at Foreign Trade University in 2018: pointed out that the trade deficitbetween Vietnam and China is mainly caused by the structure of imports andexports between the two countries The thesis proposes some solutions to renovatethe import-export structure, thereby limiting Vietnam's trade deficit with China inthe long run (until 2030)
The research orientation of the topic will mainly focus on the economicefficiency of the import-export businesses themselves, which is the decisive factor
to the growth of local imports and exports
2.3 The research gap and the content of the thesis focus on solving
In order to facilitate and have a clear direction for the research, the authordescribes the above-mentioned research issues through the following summarytable:
Diagram 1 1: Overview of the analysis problem model
(Source: Dao Thanh Huong (2018) 1 )
Impact factors (Integration process, policy mechanisms, infrastructure capacity, natural conditions, world market, human resources, …
- Turnover, growth rate
- Diverse import and export products
- Contribution and GDP
- Increase added value for domestic goods
- Positive local economic restructuring
Socially - Increase employment- No influence, crowding, negative impact on
other industries
In terms of the environment
- Maintain environmental stability
- Improve access to international environmental standards
- Enhance access to international standards for goods quality
Trang 83 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND TASKS
The research objective of the thesis is to focus on proposing solutions toimprove the efficiency of import and export business of enterprises in Ha Giangprovince
4 SUBJECTS AND SCOPE OF RESEARCH
of Ha Giang province) both production and import-export business, import-exportservice enterprises)
- Research period: Secondary data used to carry out the thesis was collectedduring the period from 2015-2019
Research question: What are the major issues that need to be focused on inthe coming period and orientation for import and export of goods? What are themain solutions to improve the import and export efficiency of enterprises in HaGiang province?
5 RESEARCH METHODS
5.1 Research approach
The thesis uses the approach to state governance, that is to consider theefficiency of import and export activities of enterprises in the overall economicdevelopment of Ha Giang, in comparison with the development of other industries.other economic activities of the province and compare with import and exportactivities of localities in the region
5.2 Research Methods
5.2.1 Methodology
- Methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Leninism
Marxism Approach from theory to practice
- Approach to systematic research
5.2.1 Research Methods
- Qualitative research methods
- Method of comparison over time, method of ratio
- Descriptive statistics method
6 SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL MEANINGS OF THESIS THEME
6.1 Academically
Systematize basic issues such as: (i) general theory, (ii) evaluation criteria,(iii) influencing factors, (iv) pointing out lessons learned on improving efficiency.import and export business of enterprises in the area Therefore, the research resultswill have certain contributions and complete the theoretical framework onimproving the efficiency of import and export business of enterprises in a province
6.2 In terms of practicality
- The thesis has drawn lessons from local experiences
Trang 9- Actual situation of import-export business efficiency of enterprises in HaGiang province.
- Proposing a system of solutions to improve the efficiency of import andexport business
- This is also the first study conducted on the efficiency of import and exportbusiness in Ha Giang
7 CONCLUSION OF THESIS
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, table of contents, list andabbreviations, list of tables, figures, references, the thesis is organized in chapters asfollows:
Chapter 1: Basic theory of export business efficiency and export business enterprises
import-Chapter 2: Actual situation of import-export business efficiency ofenterprises in Ha Giang province
Chapter 3: Solutions to improve import-export business efficiency ofenterprises in Ha Giang province
CHAPTER 1:
BASIC THEORY ON EFFICIENCY OF IMPORT-EXPORT BUSINESS
AND IMPORT-EXPORT BUSINESS ENTERPRISES
1.1 IMPORT-EXPORT BUSINESS AND IMPORT-EXPORT BUSINESS ENTERPRISE
1.1.1 Nature of import and export business
Import-export business is the exchange of goods on the basis of international division of labor, production specialization and the balance of supply and demand
of the economy, countries will improve their economic efficiency.
1.1.2 Characteristics of import-export business and import-export business enterprises
1.1.2.1 Features of import and export business
* Import
* Export
1.1.2.2 Characteristics of an import-export business enterprise
1.1.4 The role of import and export business enterprises
1.1.3.1 Importance of exports to the economy
a Exports create capital for imports to serve the country's industrialization.
b Export contributes to economic restructuring and promotes production development.
First, export creates favorable conditions for other industries to have
favorable development opportunities
Second, export creates the possibility to expand the consumption market Third, exports facilitate the expansion of input supply for production.
Fourth, export creates economic and technical premise to improve and
enhance domestic production capacity
Trang 10Fifth, through the export of domestic goods, they will participate in the
competition on the world market in terms of price and quality
Sixth, exporting also requires businesses to always innovate and perfect their
business management
c Exports have a positive impact on creating jobs and improving people's lives.
d Export is to expand and promote foreign economic relations
* The role of exports for businesses
1.1.3.2 The role of import activity
First, imports will speed up the process of building material and technical
foundations, transforming the economic structure in the direction of promoting thecountry's industrialization and modernization
Second, imports will promptly supplement the imbalanced aspects of the
economy, ensure a balanced and stable development, exploit to the fullest extent thepotential and capacity of the economy in the cycle economy
Third, imports ensure inputs for production, create stable jobs for workers,
and contribute to improving and raising people's living standards
Fourth, import plays an active role in promoting exports, contributing to
improving the quality of export production, creating a favorable environment for theexport of Vietnamese goods to foreign countries, especially to importing countries
From the above, we can see that import and export activities have had thefollowing positive roles:
First, import and export is an active form of exchange.
Second, import-export business occupies an important position in social
1.2 NEED AND ROLE OF ENHANCEDING THE EFFICIENCY OF EXPORT BUSINESS
IMPORT-1.2.1 IMPORT-1.2.1 Concept of import-export business efficiency
The efficiency of goods import and export business of enterprises is a set of economic, social and environmental criteria, thereby reflecting the aggregate
Trang 11results of goods import and export in terms of qualitative and quantitative terms, on
a local scale, for a certain period of time, usually a year.
Theoretically, the basic content of import-export business efficiency is toeffectively contribute to accelerating social labor productivity and increasing usablenational income, thereby creating more sources of accumulation production andimprove people's living standards
1.2.2 The necessity of improving the efficiency of import and export business
Improving the efficiency of import-export business is a decisive factor to participate in the process of international division of labor and penetrate foreign markets.
On the other hand, import-export enterprises have common characteristics of enterprises in general and in addition are strongly influenced by strict requirements and requirements from foreign customers.
1.2.3 The role of improving the efficiency of import and export business
- For the national economy
- For now
- For the environment
1.3 INDICATORS FOR EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS IMPORT AND EXPORT
1.3.1 Economic efficiency
1.3.1.1 Import-export turnover and growth rate of import-export turnover
An important criterion to evaluate the efficiency of goods import and export isturnover Total import and export turnover of goods is determined as total exportturnover plus total import turnover
1.3.1.2 Balance of trade
From a local perspective, the trade balance is the difference between the exportturnover and the import turnover of a locality in a certain period of time
1.3.1.3 Import and export structure
The structure of import and export is the sum total of the value of exportedgoods and parts of the value of imported goods that make up the local import andexport turnover
(a) Structure of import and export by market
(b) Structure of imports and exports by commodity
(c) Structure of import and export by economic sectors
1.3.1.4 Contribution of import and export to local economic growth
1.3.2 Social efficiency
1.3.2.1 Increase employment in the business
1.3.2.2 Average labor productivity and average income of
1.3.2 Environmental efficiency
(i) Access to international standards on environmental protection
(ii) Access to international standards for goods quality
Trang 121.4 FACTORS AFFECTING EXPORT BUSINESS EFFICIENCY
1.4.1 Group of factors inside the enterprise
1.4.1.1 Labor force
1.4.1.2 Level of development of technical facilities
1.4.1.3 Information exchange and processing system
1.4.1.4 Corporate governance factors
1.4.2 The group of external factors within the country
1.4.2.1 Regulatory environment
1.4.2.2 Natural conditions, geographical location
1.4.2.2 Social and cultural environment
1.4.2.3 Political environment
1.4.2.4 Ecological environment and infrastructure.
1.4.2.6 Science and technology environment
1.4.2.7 Economic environment
1.4.2.8 Other factors
1.4.3.Group of external factors of international scope
1.4.3.1 Import policy of partners
1.4.2.5 The international environment and the process of international economic integration
1.5 EXPERIENCE IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF IMPORT-EXPORT BUSINESS
1.5.1 Experience of Lang Son Province.
1.5.2 Experience of Lao Cai Province
1.5.3 Experience of Cao Bang Province
CHAPTER 2 THE SITUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF IMPORT-EXPORT BUSINESS OF
ENTERPRISES IN HA GIANG PROVINCE 2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE NATURAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS
OF HA GIANG
2.1.1 Natural features and administrative boundaries of Ha Giang
2.1.2 Social characteristics of Ha Giang
2.1.3 Economic characteristics of Ha Giang
2.2 OVERVIEW OF THE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM AND IMPORT-EXPORT ENTERPRISE OF HA GIANG
2.2.1 Overview of the business system of Ha Giang
2.2.1.1 Number of enterprises.
Chart 2.1: Number of businesses operating in Ha Giang
Period 2015-2019 (Unit: business)
Trang 132015 2016 2017 2018 2019 0
The data in Chart 2.1 shows that in the period 2015 - 2018, the number ofenterprises in Ha Giang tended to be saturated and tended to decrease
2.2.1.2 Classification of enterprises in Ha Giang province
♦ Distribution of enterprises by district/city in Ha Giang province
Table 2.1: Distribution of enterprises in Ha Giang by locality
(Source: Ha Giang Statistical Yearbook from 2017-2018)
The area of operation of enterprises in Ha Giang is mainly concentrated in
Ho Chi Minh City Ha Giang accounts for approximately 49% of the total number
of enterprises in the province Thanh Thuy border gate of Ha Giang is located in ViXuyen district, which is also the district with the second largest number ofenterprises in the province
♦ Ownership structure of Ha Giang enterprises:
Table 2.2: Classification of enterprises by type of enterprise
(Đơn vị tính: doanh nghiệp, %)
TT Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 BQ
Trang 141a Proportion of SOEs/Total enterprises (%) 1,4 1,3 1,1 1,0 0,8 1,1
2a Proportion of non-state enterprises/totalenterprises (%) 98,4 98,4 98,5 98,6 98,9 98,6
2b Growth rate of non-state enterprises (%) -7,0 5,3 -2,4 -4,8 29,8 4,2
3a Proportion of enterprises with foreigninvestment/Total enterprises (%) 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3
3b Growth rate of enterprises with foreigninvestment (%) 0,0 50,0 33,3 0,0 0,0 16,7
(Source: Ha Giang designer from 2017-2019)
The business force in Ha Giang is mainly in the private sector (accountingfor 98.6%), the state sector only has 10 enterprises by 2019 and the FDI sector iseven lower with only 4 enterprises and 4 enterprises trend has been stable from
2015 to present
♦ Structure of the province's economic sector by VA
Chart 2.2: Industry structure by VA (Value Added)
(Unit: %)
Nông, lâm nghiệp - thủy sản; 36.39%
Công nghiệp - Xây dựng;
21.49%
Thương mại - Dịch vụ;
42.12%
2015
(The source: https://cucthongke.hagiang.gov.vn/)
The economic structure (according to VA) continues to shift in the direction
of reducing the proportion of agriculture, forestry and fishery, increasing theproportion of industry - construction and services
Comparing the enterprise structure with the economic structure according to
VA shows that although only 5.9% of enterprises operate in the forestry-fishery industry, the proportion of this industry accounts for 31.07% of thestructure economy of the whole province
agriculture-2.2.1.4 Evaluation of the development and existence of the enterprise system in
Ha Giang province.
- Regarding the development of the number of enterprises in Ha Giang is at asaturation level
Nông, lâm nghiệp - thủy sản; 31.07%
Công nghiệp - Xây dựng;
Trang 15- In terms of structure: agriculture - forestry - fishery accounts for a lowproportion, trade - services tend to increase, industry - construction decrease.
- Most of them are micro and small scale enterprises
- The industries considered as advantages of Ha Giang have low contribution
to the budget
- In terms of employment contribution of the business sector is very low
2.2.2 Import and export enterprises in Ha Giang province
2.2.2.1 Number of import and export enterprises.
Chart 2.3: Number of enterprises participating in import and export in Ha Giang
(Source: Annual Customs Summary Report 2015-2019)
In 2019: The increase in the number of enterprises participating in importand export activities is due to an increase in electronic components (temporaryimport and re-export business) with a total value of 3,164 million USD Then itdecreased again in the following years
Enterprises specializing in import and export of Ha Giang in recent yearshave tended to increase Specifically, in 2015, there were 83 specialized import-export enterprises in Ha Giang, in 2017 this number increased to 177 enterprisesand in 2019 it was 151 enterprises, the growth rate of this group of enterprises inthe period of 2015 -2019 average is 19.6%
Bảng 2.3: Percentage of enterprises specializing in import and export