To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation and lecture.. When you hear the first question for each set, uncover the questions
Trang 1Quiz 3
a PROGRESS — 2.1 through 2.3
Listen to the recording Choose the best answer to each question To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation and lecture When you hear the first question for each set, uncover the questions and answers
> 02-LISTENING, Track 7
1 Why does the student speak to his professor? 4 What point does the professor make about
the student’s work?
@® He needs help in preparing for the
He wants advice about how to organize CG) His work was better in the past
© He is concerned about his grade for the @) His work should be his top concern course
@ He wants permission for his brother to 5 Why does the student say this: ()
visit class,
@ To help his professor better understand
2, What reason does the student give for not his problem
completing his assignments? @® To convince his professor that he will
complete the work
@® He had difficulty understanding the © To show his professor that he is not worried
He has spent a lot of time helping a © To state that he will turn in all assignments
© He forgot the schedule for turning in
assignments
©@® He had to work extra hours at his
bio-tesearch job,
3 When were the assignments due?
@® October | and 13
CB) October 2 and 3
CB) October 21 and 30
Trang 2Quiz 3
Then answer the question,
CE) Television promotes a culture of
consumerism,
©® The television industry should be regulated,
@® To argue that television images of life lack depth and meaning
To warn students not to spend more money than they can afford
© To show that television programs can contribute to personal growth
@® To recommend that students watch only high-quality programs
2 According to the professor, why do researchers
study television?
@® To learn about the types of programs
CB) To understand the culture of the society
Ce) To decide which programs to export
C&) To measure how well it sells products 10 What is the professor's opinion of television? TH
® Television is the best way to advertise products and services
@® Television has had a mostly negative effect
‘The television industry depends on mone} aus eo ©® Television deserves credit for creating by i ` B
© The government permits advertisers to vote envaffinent society,
for programs
@® Most television stations are owned by large
corporations
= According to the professor, why do advertisers
have control over television programming?
Qe
Answers to Listening Quiz 3 are on page 580
Record your score on the Progress Chart on page 694
DeLrA'o Key 10 THe Next GENERATION TOEFL® Test 247
Trang 324 INFERENCES AND PREDICTIONS
2.4 Making Inferences and Predictions
Q Focu 6
€@) 03-LISTENING, Track 1
1, What does the professor imply about the student's paper?
© Itcontains grammatical errors
© Itdoes not meet the assignment
© Itdeals with a strange topic
© Itneeds a stronger ending
© Write about a different topic
© Rewrite the conclusion
© Correct the sentence errors
© Make the introduction longer
Os
Question 1 asks you to determine the professor's message to the student about her paper The professor says: . L can’t tell where you're going with it
You start out strong The middle part, too that’s very engaging But after that well, I’m lost What does it all mean? It just gets a little vague
Well, it’s alittle too open You need to tie it all together leave your reader with one clear thought
The professor does not directly state what he means Rather, he implies his meaning The professor implies
that the student's paper lacks a strong ending Therefore, the correct answer is /t needs a stronger ending
Question 2 asks you to predict what the student will do The student says:
Do you mean my conclusion’s not clear?
Oh well, I see Um maybe I'd better work on that part some more
The professor implies that the student's paper needs a stronger ending, so the student will probably rewrite that part The correct answer is Rewrite the conclusion
In each question, you can infer the correct answer from what the speakers say The other answers are incorrect because you cannot reasonably infer them from the conversation
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2A INFERENCES AND PREDICTIONS
DO YOU KNOW ?
‘An inference is a conclusion that you make when something is not directly stated An inference is a
“hidden” idea To make an inference, you must interpret a message that is not stated directly When
a speaker implies or suggests something, you must infer the meaning You infer the meaning from the information that the speaker gives You infer the message behind the speaker's words
9 What can be concluded about
What can be inferred from the talk?
How does the student probably feel?
A prediction is a type of inference in which you determine what will probably happen in the future You make a prediction when you know what a speaker will probably do in the future, based on what
he or she says
For example, when someone says
“Ta better see a dentist about my toothache”
you can reasonably predict that he or she will make an appointment with a dentist
‘When a student says
“T have a lot of material to review for my chemistry test tomorrow”
you can predict that the student will probably study for the test
TOEFL questions about predictions sound like this:
‘What will the woman probably do?
What will the student probably do next?
‘What will probably happen next?
What will the professor probably discuss next?
‘What will the next lecture probably be about?
To make inferences and predictions, use key ideas and your overall understanding of the topic and
Listen again to the recording for the Focus exercise Look at the script on page 250 Listen for key words and phrases that help you infer the professor's meaning and predict what the student will do
Trang 52A INFERENCES AND PREDICTIONS
© 03-LISTENING, Track I
W: Professor Elliott, did you read the draft of my paper yet?
M: Why hello, Amy Uh, yes, I did read it As a matter of fact, I wanted to talk to
you about it I’m glad you stopped by I think I have your paper here we go,
T have it right here
W: Is there something wrong with it?
M: No, not terribly, but Lcan’t tell where you're going with it
W: Oh I’m not sure I understand
M: Let me put it like this You start out strong In fact, your introduction is done
quite well You really get your teacher interested in technology and society and how they're related and all The middle part, too—where you interview the engineer—that, that’s very engaging Lots of good and original ideas But after that well, I’m lost What does it all mean? It just gets a little vague
W: Oh, | think I see what you mean Do you mean my conclusion’s not clear?
M: Well, it’s a little too open You need to tie it all together leave your reader
with one clear thought, one new way of thinking about technology
W: Oh well, I see Um maybe I'd better work on that part some more I really
appreciate your comments This helps me a lot Thanks, Professor Elliott
: My pleasure Any time
M
© Stop
6 Some questions ask you to identify a paraphrase of something that a speaker says A paraphrase is the restatement of a message in different words To paraphrase is to say the same thing in another way A paraphrase has the same general meaning as the original message
TOEFL questions about paraphrases sound like this:
What does the professor mean by this statement: ( 9)
What does the student mean when she says this: { }
‘What does the professor imply when he says this: { )
Select the sentence that best expresses how the student probably feels
» For example, when a student says to another student
“What? I don’t know are you sure that’s right? I thought the TA said first we need to calculate the present value of an asset”
-you can infer that the student probably means:
“I disagree with your solution to the problem.”
7 Some questions ask you to make a generalization based on what a speaker says A generalization
is a type of inference in which you make a general statement about the information that you hear
To generalize is to state a general principle or to draw a general conclusion about information
Trang 62A INFERENCES AND PREDICTIONS
TOEFL questions involving generalization sound like this:
Would the professor most likely agree or disagree with each statement below?
Based on the information in the talk, indicate whether each statement below
describes
Based on the information in the lecture, indicate whether each statement below
reflects the ideas of
For example, here is part of a lecture:
The philosophy of pragmatism, which has had a tremendous influence on
American education, holds that the meaning and truth of any idea is a function of
its practical outcome Knowledge that is usefull has value Pragmatists believe there's
a vital relationship between experience and knowledge, and so we need to interact
with both our natural environment and our society The pragmatist thinks that
education should focus on solving problems It should involve experimentation
a continuous process where
Education is a process—it's continuous experiment
experience and knowledge build on each other
Here is a sample questior
Based on the information in the lecture, indicate whether each statement below
reflects the philosophy of pragmatism
For each sentence, click in the correct box
Yes | No Ideas with a practical use are important to society | /
‘Students should believe the ideas of their teachers v
Experience is central to learning v
You should click in the “Yes” column next to /deas with a practical use are important to society and Experience is central to learning because these statements reflect what the professor says and can
be supported by the information in the lecture You should click in the “No” column next to
Students should believe the ideas of their teachers because you cannot conclude this from what the professor says
In questions about inferences and predictions, an answer choice may be incorrect because it:
is not supported by what the speakers state or imply;
»° cannot reasonably be concluded from what the speakers say;
+2 repeats some of the speakers’ words but has a different message;
+> is incorrect or inaccurate, according to the speakers; or
» is about something that the speakers do not mention,
Remember, you can answer all of the questions based on the information you hear in the
conversations and lectures You can infer the correct answer from what the speakers say
Trang 724 INFEKENCES AND fKEDICTIONS
Exercise 2.4.A
Listen to the recording Choose the best answer to each question To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation and lecture When you hear each question, uncover that question and answers
(> 03-LISTENING, Track 2
he
252
Why does the student go to see his adviser?
@® To enroll in her geometry class next quarter
CB) To discuss an assignment for his history class
Ce) To get extra help with a difficult problem
Cb) To obtain advice about dropping a class
What will the student probably do?
C) Make up a geometry test
Ce) Transfer to another school
Ce) Not continue in his history class
Co) Not enroll in classes next quarter
What is the man’s problem?
G@® He can’t afford to be a full-time student
Ce) There is an unpaid charge on his account
Co) His charge account is no longer valid
Cod All of the courses he needs are closed
What will the man probably do?
G Pay his roommate to fix the shower door
Ce) Have an argument with his roommate
Ce) Speak to someone in the accounting office
©) Try to register for next quarter in person
Why does the student go to see her professor?
G@® There was a problem with her registration
Ce) She will miss the beginning of the summer
term
@ She wants advice about joining a study group
CD) She would like to discuss her research project
What does the professor imply?
@® Its not acceptable to miss class time Ce) The first day of class has been changed Co) Students are required to take the course Cb) The summer course has been canceled What will the student probably do?
@® Take the course during the fall CB) Make up the work she misses C6) Join an available study group CB) Cancel her trip to Vancouver What are the students mainly discussing?
@) Problems with parking on campus
Ca Off-campus apartments for students Ce) Free bus transportation to campus
CỔ Ways for students to manage money What can be inferred about the woman? G® She does not own a car
CaS She has a roommate
Ce) She is not married
CD) She has a job off campus
What will the man probably do?
G® Transfer to a different university CB) Look for a less expensive car CE) Move to a building for married students CD) Find out more about the apartments
Oo
Detta’s Key T0 THE Next GENERATION TOEFL® Test
Trang 8Exercise 2.4.B
24 INFERENCES AND PREDICTIONS
Listen to the recording Choose the best answer to each question To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation and lecture When you hear each question, uncover that question and answers
O 03-LISTENING, Track 3
a
What does the instructor imply about
composition?
@® Composition in painting is similar to
composition in writing
® Composition is less important than shape,
tone, and color
© Composition must be complex in order to
be interesting
® Composition is the only concept that artists
must understand,
Would the instructor most likely agree or
disagree with each statement below?
For each sentence, click in the correct box
Agree [Disagree|
[A composition must
contain numerous subjects
to be interesting,
Ifa picture is too crowded,
it does not possess the
element of unity
LA successful composition
conveys a single, clear
‘What is the main purpose of the talk?
G® To explain why people become scientists
CB) To describe different scientific disciplines
Ce) To persuade students to become biologists
CB) To introduce students to the course
According to the professor, why is biology the
most demanding of all sciences?
Click on two answers
Biology studies complex living systems
Biology deals with controversial issues
Biology requires knowledge of other sciences
Biology cannot answer every question about
life
Detta’s Key 10 THE Next GENERATION TOEFL® Test
5 What does the professor imply about scientists?
@® Scientists are motivated to save the environment
@ Scientists are more intelligent than artists CE) Scientists are fascinated by scientific technology
© Scientists are enthusiastic in their study
of nature,
6 What is probably true about the students
in this course?
@® They are students at a community college CB) They plan to apply to medical school } They are pursuing various fields of study CB) They have never taken a science course before
7 What do plant hormones do?
@® Regulate the plant's temperature CS) Transport water through the plant Ce) Stimulate responses in cells and tissues CB) Make the plant unattractive to animals
8 Which picture illustrates phototropism?
she
tt
s
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2⁄4 INFERENCES AND PREDICTIONS
9, Which grass seedlings would probably
NOT bend toward light?
‘Click on two answers
Seedling in a moist ecosystem
Seedling with the tip cut off
Seedling wearing a black cap
Seedling with multiple shoots
Exercise 2.4.C
10 What can be inferred about the tip of a plant's stem?
@ It stops growing once the plant produces real leaves
It plays an important role in temperature control
© It can be removed with no influence on the plant
© It produces a hormone that affects the stem’s growth,
Qo
Listen to the recording Choose the best answer to each question To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation and lecture When you hear each question, uncover that question and answers
«> 03-LISTENING, Track 4
254
What is the man’s problem?
@® He will not have time to finish his paper
CB) He is confused by cultural differences
Ce) He cannot think of a topic for his paper
CB) He thinks the assignment is too artificial
What will the man probably do?
G Describe his hometown culture
CB) Move to a different community
Ce) Ask his professor for more time
C) Write about culture shock
Why does the professor say this: (9
G She will not be in class the next day
CB) The student has to drop out of school
C6) There was a death in the student's family
CB) The coursework is very difficult
What will the student probably do next?
@ Arrange to take the test next week
CB) Apply for a job in the office
CE) Look for a tutor to help him study
CB) Change the time of his appointment
5 What is the man’s problem?
@® The university bookstore does not have
a book he needs
@® He just bought more books than he is able to read
© The books that he needs are a strain on his finances
© The third edition of the chemistry book
is not available
6 What can be inferred about the man?
@® He finds science courses very difficult CB) He lives in the Pioneer District
CS) He enjoys studying with the woman Co) He is taking a chemistry course
7 What will the man probably do?
@® Look for a cheaper copy of the chemistry
book Return all of the books to the university
bookstore Buy a different edition of the chemistry book
‘Complain to the university about the cost
of books
Detta’s Key 10 THE Next GENERATION TOEFL® Test
Trang 108, What does the man imply about the medication?
@) It may be dangerous if taken incorrectly
CB) Its the least expensive allergy medication
CE) It should be available only by prescription
CB) It is an effective remedy for many illnesses
9 Listen again to part of the conversation
Then answer the question,
Select the sentence that best expresses how
the woman probably feels
@® “I don't like other people telling me
what to do.”
“Pm concerned about taking this medicine
before the test.”
© “appreciate your thoughtful advice about
the dangers.”
@® “I don’t understand your instructions about
the drug”
Exercise 2.4.D
24 INFERENCES AND PREDICTIONS
10 What will the woman probably do?
@® Complain to the manager of the pharmacy CB) Go back to the nurse for additional advice CS) Buy a different medicine and hope it works CB) Take the medicine a few hours before the test
Qo
Listen to the recording Choose the best answer to each question To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation and lecture When you hear each question, uncover that question and answers
© 03-LISTENING, Track 5
1 What problem does the man have?
@® He is failing in his biology class
CB) He owes a fee for his lab section
CE) His attendance in class has been poor
CB) He cannot afford to pay all his fees
What will the man probably do next?
@® Change his biology lab section
CB) Show the woman his tuition bill
CE) Go to the cashier's office
CB) Pay for his biology textbooks
3 What are the students discussing?
G@) Houses
Ce) Fruit Co) Birds
©) Stars
4, What can be inferred about starlings?
Click on two answers
ÍÄ] They live in rural and urban areas
They are a problem for fruit growers
{C] They have a beautiful song
(D) They are killed for their feathers
Detta’s Key 10 THE Next GENERATION TOEFL® Test 255