Tài liệu Spoken english elementary handbook part 17 pptx

Talk a Lot Learn the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA Discussion Words from Elementary Book 1 page 2 of 5 customer LDđ¾ịKí]Kê]L= floor LÑôlWL= daughter LDÌlWKí]L= football LDÑríKÔlWô

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Learn the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

Discussion Words from Elementary Book 1 (page 2 of 5)

customer LDđ¾ịKí]Kê]L= floor LÑôlWL=

daughter LDÌlWKí]L= football LDÑríKÔlWôL=

debit card LDÌĨÔKfí=đ^WÌL= football stadium LDÑríKÔlWô=DịíĨfKÌâK]êL=

delicatessen LÌĨôKfKđ]DíĨịKĨơL= foster parent LDÑflịKí]=DĩĨ]Kí]ởL=

dentist LDÌĨơKífịíL= free time LÑíâW=í~fêL=

department store LÌfDĩ^WíKê]ở=ịílWL= freezer LDÑíâWKò]L=

detached house LÌfDíôípí=Ü~rịL= fridge LÑífÌwL=

dining chair LDÌ~fKơfÏ=ípĨ]L= frozen food LDÑí]rKòĨơ=ÑìWÌL=

dining room LDÌ~fKơfÏ=íìWêL= fruit LÑíìWíL=

dining table LDÌ~fKơfÏ=DíĨfKÔôL=== fruit juice LÑíìWí=ÌwìWịL=

drink LÌífÏđL= girlfriend LDÖ‰WôKÑíĨơÌL=

driver LDÌí~fKî]L= glasses LDÖô^WKịfòL=

driving licence LDÌí~fKîfÏ=Dô~fKị]ởịL= glove LÖô¾îL=

DVD player LÌâWKîâWDÌâW=DĩôĨfK]L= golf LÖflôÑL=

earring LDf]KífÏL= grandchild LDÖíôơÌKíp~fôÌL=

electrician LfôKĨđDíífpKĨơL= granddaughter LDÖíôơÌKÌlWKí]L=

emergency LfDê‰WKÌw]ởKịâL= grandma LDÖíôơÌKê^WL=

emergency exit LfDê‰WKÌw]ởKịâ=DĨđKịfíL= grandson LDÖíôơÌKị¾ơL=

engine LDĨơKÌwfơL= greengrocer LDÖíâWÏKÖí]rKị]L=

escalator LDĨịKđ]KôĨfKí]L= groceries LDÖí]rKị]íKâWòL=

estate agent LfDịíĨfí=DĨfKÌw]ởL= hairdresser LDÜĨ]KÌíĨịK]L=

examination LfÖKòôêKfDơĨfKp]ơL= handbag LDÜôơÌKÔôÖL=

express lane LfđDịĩíĨị=ôĨfơL= hat LÜôíL=

factory worker LDÑôđKííâ=Dï‰WKđ]L= headache LDÜĨÌKĨfđL=

family LDÑôêK]ôKâL= head teacher LDÜĨÌ=DíâWKíp]L=

farmer LDÑ^WKê]L= high heels LÜ~f=Üf]ôòL=

father-in-law LDÑ^WKa]=fơ=ôlWL= hobby LDÜflÔKâL=

fever LDÑâWKî]L= holiday resort LDÜflôKfKÌĨf=ífDòlWíL=

fiancĩe LÑâD^WơKịĨfL= hospital LDÜflịKĩfKí]ôL=

fireplace LDÑ~f]KĩôĨfịL= house LÜ~rịL=

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Discussion Words from Elementary Book 1 (page 3 of 5) husband LDÜ¾òKÔ]ơÌL= nursery nurse LDơ‰WịKíâ=ơ‰WịL=

internet LDfơKí]KơĨíL= opening times LD]rKĩ]ơKfÏ=í~fêòL=

jogging LDÌwflÖKfÏL= painter and decorator LDĩĨfơKí]=]ơ=DÌĨđK]íKĨfKí]L=

leisure centre LDôĨwK]=DịĨơKí]L= pavement LDĩĨfîKê]ởL=

library LDô~fKÔíâL= petrol pump LDĩĨíKí]ô=ĩ¾êĩL=

living room LDôfîKfÏ=íìWêL= picnic LDĩfđKơfđL=

market place LDê^WKđfí=ĩôĨfịL= plumber LDĩô¾êK]L=

meal Lêf]ôL= police officer Lĩ]DôâWị=DflÑKfKị]L=

meat LêâWíL= police station Lĩ]DôâWị=DịíĨfKp]ơL=

mechanic Lê]DđôơKfđL= post office Lĩ]rịí=DflÑKfịL=

mineral water LDêfơKí]ô=DïlWKí]L= pounds Lĩ~rơÌịL=

model LDêflÌK]ôL= prescription LĩífDịđífĩKp]ơL=

mother-in-law LDê¾aK]=fơ=ôlWL= public toilets LDĩ¾ÔKôfđ=DílfKô]íịL=

motorbike LDê]rKí]KÔ~fđL= pyjamas LĩfDÌw^WKê]òL=

nephew LDơĨÑKăìWL= receptionist LífDịĨĩKp]ơKfịíL=

newspaper reporter LDơăìWòKĩĨfKĩ]=ífKĩlWKí]L== refund LDíâWKÑ¾ơÌL=

nightdress LDơ~fíKÌíĨịL= reservation LíĨòK]DîĨfKp]ơL=

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river LDífîK]L= sunbathing LDị¾ơKÔĨfKafÏL=

road Lí]rÌL= supermarket LDịìWKĩ]Kê^WKđfíL=

road sign Lí]rÌ=ị~fơL= surgery LDị‰WKÌw]íKâL=

roundabout LDí~rơÌK]KÔ~ríL= swimming LDịïfêKfÏL=

rugby LDí¾ÖKÔâL= swimming pool LDịïfêKfÏ=ĩìWôL=

safari park Lị]DÑ^WKíâ=ĩ^WđL= take-off LDíĨfđKflÑL=

sales assistant LịĨfôò=]DịfịKí]ởL= tax office Líôđị=DflÑKfịL=

sausage LDịflịKfÌwL= teacher LDíâWKíp]L=

scales LịđĨfôòL= television LDíĨôKfKîfwK]ơL=

school LịđìWôL= tennis court LDíĨơKfị=đlWíL=

security guard LịfDđăr]KífKíâ=Ö^WÌL= tent LíĨởL=

semi-detached house LịĨêKâKÌfDíôípí=Ü~rịL= theatre LDqâWK]Kí]L=

service station LDị‰WKîfị=DịíĨfKp]ơL= ticket LDífđKfíL=

shopping LDpflĩKfÏL= toothbrush LDíìWqKÔí¾pL=

shopping centre LDpflĩKfÏ=DịĨơKí]L= toothpaste LDíìWqKĩĨfịíL=

sideboard LDị~fÌKÔlWÌL= town hall Lí~rơ=ÜlWôL=

singer LDịfÏK]L= tracksuit LDííôđKịăìWíL=

sister LDịfịKí]L= traffic lights LDííôÑKfđ=ô~fíịL=

sister-in-law LDịfịKí]=fơ=ôlWL= train LííĨfơL=

skiing LDịđâWKăfÏL= train driver LííĨfơ=DÌí~fKî]L=

sleeping bag LDịôâWKĩfÏ=ÔôÖL= transport LDííôơKịĩlWíL=

slipper LDịôfĩK]L= travel agent LDííôîK]ô=DĨfKÌw]ởL=

soldier LDị]rôKÌw]L= t-shirt LDíâWKp‰WíL=

station LDịíĨfKp]ơL= university LăìWKơfDî‰WKịfKíâL=

stethoscope LDịíĨqK]Kịđ]rĩL= van LîôơL=

stitches LDịífípK]òL= vegetable LDîĨÌwKí]KÔôL=

stomach ache LDịí¾êK]đKĨfđL= vest LîĨịíL=

strawberry LDịíílWKÔĨíKâL= village LDîfôKfÌwL=

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My Vocabulary Words Ố

Sound Groups within the English Alphabet Ố

(See p.18.38 for how to pronounce each letter.)

volleyball LDîflảKáKẩlWảL=

waiting room LDĩÉfKắfỹ=êìWãL=

wardrobe LDĩlWKđê]rẩL=

washing machine LDĩflpKfỹ=ã]DpáWạL=

watching TV LDĩflắpKfỹ=ắáWDîáWL=

water LDĩlWKắ]L=

way in LĩÉfDàfạL=

way out LĩÉfDà~rắL=

weekend LĩáWâDÉạđL=

wheelchair LDĩáWảKắpÉ]L=

woman LDĩrãK]ạL=

x-ray LDÉâẽKêÉfL=

b f a q i o r

c l h u y

d m j w

e n k

g s

p x

t z

v

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Discussion Words from Elementary Book 2 (page 1 of 5) accelerator L]đDịĨôK]KíĨfKí]L= brass LÔí^WịL=

accident

= LDôđKịfKÌởL= breakdown recovery service

LDÔíĨfđKÌ~rơ=ífDđ¾îK]íKâ= Dị‰WKîfịL=

adolescence LôÌK]DôĨịKởịL= bride LÔí~fÌL=

American football L]DêĨíKfKđơ=DÑríKÔlWôL= burglar alarm LDÔ‰WKÖô]í=]Dô^WêL=

anniversary LôơKfKDî‰WKị]íKâL= car Lđ^WL=

antisocial behaviour LôơKíâDị]rKpô=ÔfKDÜĨfKîă]L= caterpillar LDđôíK]KĩfôK]L=

appeal L]DĩâWôL= championship LDípôêKĩâK]ơKpfĩL=

automatic LlWKí]DêôíKfđL= chorus LDđlWKí]ịL=

battery LDÔôíK]íKâL= commentator LDđflêK]ơKíĨfKí]L=

beach LÔâWípL= community service Lđ]DêăìWKơ]Kíâ=Dị‰WKîfịL=

biography LÔ~fDflÖKí]KÑâL= cricket LDđífđKfíL=

birthday LDÔ‰WqKÌĨfL= crocodile LDđíflđK]KÌ~fôL=

blue LÔôìWL= custody battle LDđ¾ịKí]KÌâ=DÔôíKôL=

brake light LÔíĨfđ=ô~fíL= divorce LÌfDîlWịL=

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drizzle LDÌífòKôL= further education LDÑ‰WKa]=ĨÌKărDđĨfKpơL=

drug trafficking LÌí¾Ö=DííôÑKfKđfÏL= GBH LÌwâWKÔâWDĨfípL=

dry spell LÌí~f=ịĩĨôL= geography LÌwfDflÖKí]KÑâL=

electric guitar LfDôĨđKíífđ=ÖfDí^WL= green LÖíâWơL=

electronic tag LfKôĨđDííflơKfđ=íôÖL= grey LÖíĨfL=

employment LfêDĩôlfKê]ởL= growing pains LDÖí]rKfÏ=ĩĨfơòL=

engagement LfơDÖĨfÌwKê]ởL= guilt LÖfôíL=

environment LfơDî~f]Kí]ơKê]ởL= gun LÖ¾ơL=

fingerprints LDÑfÏKÖ]KĩífởịL= heart LÜ^WíL=

first kiss LÑ‰Wịí=đfịL= heat wave LÜâWí=ïĨfîL=

flower LDÑô~rK]L= hippopotamus LÜfĩK]DĩflíK]Kê]ịL=

football LDÑríKÔlWôL= hurricane LDÜ¾íKfKđ]ơL=

forest fire LDÑflíKfịí=Ñ~f]L= ice hockey L~fị=DÜflđKâL=

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instrument LDfơKịíí]Kê]ởL= nineteen Lơ~fơDíâWơL=

learner driver LDô‰WKơ]=DÌí~fKî]L= orchestra LDlWKđfKịíí]L=

licence plate LDô~fKịởị=ĩôĨfíL= panda LDĩôơKÌ]L=

life event Lô~fÑ=fDîĨởL= parking ticket LDĩ^WKđfÏ=DífđKfíL=

life sentence Lô~fÑ=DịĨơKí]ởịL= passenger LDĩôịKơKÌw]L=

marriage LDêôíKfÌwL= police officer Lĩ]DôâWị=DflÑKfKị]L=

match LêôípL= police station Lĩ]DôâWị=DịíĨfKpơL=

mistress LDêfịKíí]ịL= pregnancy LDĩíĨÖKơ]ởKịâL=

motor racing LDê]rKí]=DíĨfKịfÏL= prison sentence LDĩífòKơ=DịĨơKí]ởịL=

murder LDê‰WKÌ]L= qualification LđïflôKfKÑfDđĨâKpơL=

national park LDơôpKơKô=ĩ^WđL= rainbow LDíĨfơKÔ]rL=

natural disaster LDơôípKíKô=ÌfDò^WKịí]L= raincoat LDíĨfÏKđ]ríL=

nature LDơĨfKíp]L= rear view mirror Líf]=îăìW=DêfíK]L=

neighbourhood

watch scheme

= LDơĨfKÔ]KÜrÌ=ïflíp=ịđâWêL= redundancy

= LífDÌ¾ơKÌởKịâL=

nightclub LDơ~fíKđô¾ÔL= referee LíĨÑK]DíâWL=

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saxophone LDịôđKị]KÑ]rơL= sunglasses LDị¾ÏKÖô^WKịfòL=

seatbelt LDịâWíÔĨôíL= suspended sentence Lị]DịĩĨơÌK]Ì=DịĨơKí]ởịL=

separation LịĨĩKíDĨfKpơL= swimming LDịïfêKfÏL=

seven LDịĨîKơL= table tennis LDíĨfKÔô=DíĨơKfịL=

shoplifting LDpflĩKôfÑKífÏL= tennis LDíĨơKfịL=

shoulder LDp]rôKÌ]L= terminal illness LDí‰WKêfKơ]ô=DfôKơ]ịL=

side mirror Lị~fÌ=DêfíK]L= terrorism LDíĨíK]KífKòêL=

skin LịđfơL= thunder and lightning Lq¾ơKÌ]KơÌDô~fíKơfÏL=

solicitor Lị]DôfịKfKí]L= trumpet LDíí¾êKĩfíL=

steering wheel LDịíf]KífÏ=ïâWôL= verse Lî‰WịL=

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victim LDîfđKífêL=

violence LDî~f]KôởịL=

violin LDî~f]KôfơL=

volleyball LDîflôKâKÔlWôL=

weather LDïĨaK]L=

weather forecast LDïĨaK]=DÑlWKđ^WịíL=

wedding LDïĨÌKfÏL=

Wellington boots LïĨôKfÏKíơDÔìWíịL=

wind farm LïfơÌ=Ñ^WêL=

windscreen LDïfơÌKịđíâWơL=

windscreen wipers LDïfơÌKịđíâWơ=Dï~fĩK]òL=

winner LDïfơK]L=

winter LDïfơKí]L=

winter tyres LDïfơKí]=í~f]òL=

witness LDïfíKơ]ịL=

yellow LDăĨôK]rL=

zebra LDòĨÔKí]L=

zebra crossing LDòĨÔKí]=DđíflịKfÏL=

The 26 Letters of the English Alphabet

and How to Pronounce Them –

upper case lower case IPA upper case lower case IPA

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Spelling and Sounds – Consonant Clusters

A consonant cluster is a group of two or more consonant letters together in a word For

example, in the word “brilliant”, “br” is a consonant cluster, as is “ll”, and also “nt” Consonant

clusters are also sometimes known as “consonant blends” Focusing on consonant clusters and vowel clusters (see p.18.48) is useful if you want to look at some of the differences

between spelling and sounds in English words

Consonant clusters can occur at the beginning (an initial consonant cluster), in the middle (a

medial consonant cluster) or at the end of a syllable (a final consonant cluster) For example,

in the world brilliant – LDÔífôKă]ởL – which has two syllables, there is a consonant cluster at the beginning of the first syllable (“br”), at the end of the first syllable (“ll”), and at the end of the second syllable (“nt”) They can also occur in the middle of a syllable, for example the

consonant cluster “ch” in the middle of the word “ache”

We can include consonant digraphs within the term “consonant clusters” A consonant

digraph is where two consecutive consonant letters in the spelling of a word are used together

to make a single sound For example, in the word “know”, “kn” is a digraph which represents

a single sound: LơL= There are also digraphs which make vowel sounds, for example, in the word “beach”, “ea” is a digraph which represents a single vowel sound: LâWL==(see p.18.48)

There are 21 consonant letters in the English alphabet, and 25 consonant sounds in spoken

English Therefore we need some consonant digraphs to represent consonant sounds

because there are more consonant sounds than consonant letters For example, there is no single letter in English that represents the sound LpL We need to use a digraph – two

consonant letters together – and we end up with “sh” to represent LpL Similarly, there is no single letter that represents the sound LaL Therefore we need to use a digraph – two

consonant letters together – and we end up with “th” to represent LaL Confusion can occur because the digraph “th” also represents another, different consonant sound: LqL

Part of the reason for the existence of digraphs – where two letters make one sound – is that English is an old language, and over hundreds of years the pronunciation of different words has changed Some sounds that used to be pronounced in words are no longer pronounced, although the spelling has remained the same Some used to be pronounced, but aren’t any more For example, up until the mid-17th century “knife” was pronounced in Old English as a three-syllable word, with the LđL , the LơL , and the final vowel sound all heard, like this: LđDơfÑK]L

As we have seen in our study of connected speech (see p.11.1), consonants don’t like to rub

up against each other, and elision (where we lose a consonant sound) or assimilation (where

a consonant sound changes) often occur when two consonant sounds meet, to make the syllable or word easier to pronounce So it is no surprise then that the longer the consonant cluster, the more difficult it will be to pronounce, and the more likely it will be that either elision

or assimilation take place For example, try saying: “twelfths” out loud This word crowbars

seven different consonant letters into one syllable, which in turn produces six distinct

consonant sounds: Lí=ï=Ĩ=ô=Ñ=q=ịL ! Another example of a problematic word is “crisps”, which is

pronounced: LđífịĩịL Try to pronounce all of the five distinct consonant sounds (in two consonant clusters) in just one syllable Tricky!

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Spelling and Sounds – Consonant Clusters

Generally speaking most consonant clusters are only two or three letters long The longest

initial consonant cluster can be three letters long, e.g “spr-” in the word “sprint”, whilst the

longest final consonant cluster will be generally four letters long, e.g “-rsts” in the word

“firsts” Perhaps the prize for the longest consonant cluster would have to go to the word

“rhythm”, which is soley made up of consonant letters – six to be precise! However, “rhythm”

cheats as a consonant cluster, because it actually has two vowel sounds – the “y” acts as the vowel sound LfL in the first syllable, which is stressed, and the second syllable can have

either the schwa sound (weak stress) or no vowel sound: LDêfaK]ãL or LDêfaKãL=

Adverbs are a group of words that can have long consonant clusters at the end, e.g exactly

Elision is likely to occur in such a cluster, for example “exactly” will often be pronounced

without the LíL sound, like this: LfÖDòôâKäáL rather than LfÖDòôâíKäáL It would be too much

unnecessary effort to try to pronounce the LíL , sandwiched as it is between two other

consonant sounds I say unnecessary because the most important sound in this word is the

vowel sound on the stressed syllable, the LôL sound This sound must be pronounced

clearly, whilst the consonant sounds are less vital to communication

Consonant clusters can be divided into five categories:

1 Consonant Digraphs

2 Consonant Digraphs with Double Letters

3 True Consonant Clusters

4 Consonant Clusters Ending with LëL or LòL

5 Consonant Clusters in Compound Words

1 Consonant Digraphs

Some consonant clusters are digraphs, which are two letters together in the spelling of a word

that combine to make a single sound Note that most consonant digraphs end with the letter

“h” (When three letters come together to form a single sound, e.g “-tch” in the word “fetch” –

which represents the sound LípL – it is known as a trigraph.)

Here are some examples of initial consonant digraphs (Note: you may wish to add your own

examples in the space provided.)

digraph: sounds like: for example: my example(s):

ch LípL= = cheer, champion, change

ch LpL chandelier, champignon1 =

ch LâL= = cholera, chrome, chronic =

gn LåL= = gnat, gnaw, gnome =

kn LåL= = know, knife, knitting =

Tiêu đề	Talk A Lot Learn The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Discussion Words From Elementary Book 1
Trường học	English Banana
Chuyên ngành	Spoken English
Thể loại	hướng dẫn

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