Dfldi tac ddng ciia cdng n ^ g truyin thdng tien tid'n tfl ndm 1990 da mang Iai mdt sfl thay ddi trong cdc tuc Id nghi thflc cua Dao Mau hay cdn ggi la quy trinh the tuc hda nghi l l Dao
Trang 1Tfnh the tuc va yeu to khoi hai trong nghi l i va mdi quan he cua nhufng tin do Dao M i u
V U T H I T U A N H *
D ^ n h $ p
Tdn gido vd cfic II nghi tdn gido thfldng
dflgc coi lfi trang trgng vd tdn nghidm Tuy
nhidn, m^t sd' hgc gia (Huizinga 1950
[2000], Blake, 2011) eho r i n g eac nghi thflc
tdn gifio tdn nghidm vd Iinh thidng cd t h l
khdng dfltfc cijf hdnh qufi trang trgng nhU
chdng ta van nghi NhQhg hgc gia ndy cung
cho r i n g khi ldn kd hoach cdc hoat ddng
nghi l l va l l hgi ton giao, ngudi ta ludn
thidt ke' sao cho cd t h l chfla diftig mgt khia
canh vui chtfi ndo dd mang tinh giai tri
6 Vidt Nam, tfl nhflng ndm 1980 vd
1990, trong ddi sd'ng tfn ngflflng tdn gido
da dien r a sfl hdi sinh cua cdc tuc lg nghi
l l ciia Dao Mau Dfldi tac ddng ciia cdng
n ^ g truyin thdng tien tid'n tfl ndm 1990
da mang Iai mdt sfl thay ddi trong cdc tuc
Id nghi thflc cua Dao Mau hay cdn ggi la
quy trinh the tuc hda nghi l l Dao Miu
Dfla trdn t u Heu nghidn cflu nhfin hgc
v l Dao Mau tfl ndm 2006 dd'n nfim 2009
tai mgt den thd tU n h a n d Thai Nguyen vd
d i n thd Dflc Vua Bat Hai Vgng Tfl d Ha
Ndi, nghien eflu ndy se tap trung md td mgt so' bieu hien ciia quy trinh the' tuc hda
vd thucfng mai hda cdc tuc Id nghi 1§ Dao Mdu thong qua nhieu hinh thflc khfie nhau nhfl phfltfng phdp khdi hdi hay cdc
he thd'ng gid tri phu phiem hofie thUe dung Qua dd, chung tdi dUa ra mdt sd nhdn xet ve cdch thflc ngUdi phu nfl Vidt tfl mang quyln ndng de'n cho minh trong qua trinh thflc hien nhuhg nghi le ton giao dudi anh hudng cua quy trinh the tuc hda do Chung tdi cung ddt nghi v l n v l vide Udu trao quyen nang theo cfich thfle ndy Id mdt hidn tflgng truyin thd'ng hay
Id mdt hidn tflgng mang tinh hien dai Dong thcfi, chung tdi eung dfit vd'n de vd xem xet tinh thd' tuc cd nhflng ddng gdp nhfl the ndo cho cdch thflc xfiy dflhg vd thflc hdnh quyen Iflc mem ddi vdi ngfldi phu nfl theo Dao Mdu
T i n h khoi h a i t r o n g c a c n g h i le D a o Mau: H i g n tifdng d o n g d u a
Blake da phdn tich "tinh khdi hfii" trong nhOhg tuc Id nghi thfle pho bid'n cua
Trang 2ngfldi ddn Trung Qud'c, ddc bidt trong
phong tuc dd't t i l n vdng, n h l m chi ra
nhiJhg thay doi phdt sinh trong xa hgi
hidn dai (Theo Blake, 2011) Trong qufi
trinh tim hilu nhflng anh hUdng xa hdi
hign dai da bien tuc 1§ t i l n vfing thdnh
mdt tuc 1^ nhdi truyin thdng nhfl t h l ndo,
Blake eho r i n g chinh gid tri gidi tri vfi
khfii nidm sU phu phiem cung sU vui thu
cua cfic tuc 1$ hi^n dai Id mdt trong nhflng
U do khie'n cho sfl thay ddi trdn trd thdnh
dai d i n g vd ngdy edng phd bie'n rgng rai
Ong nhfin dinh: "Nin kinh td tidu dung
tofin clu hidn nay dang xdm nhdp vdo tuc
1$ ddt tiln vdng thdng qua nhflhg do l l
ngoai nhgp dUa trdn nhflhg mong mud'n
khdng cd gidi h a n cd the ed" (Blake 2011:
212) Trong qud khfl, ngfldi ta h a n h le ddt
tiln vang tuy ludn vung tay hdo phdng
nhflng trong mgt khudn khd h a n ehe nhat
dinh Nhuhg de'n ngfiy nay, tuc le ndy
khdng ehi bao gom dd't nhflng mdn do md
phdng nhiJng vgt quy gia theo truyen
thdng, hay nhiJhg "vfit pham thid't yd'u"
trong cudc sdng dflong dai nhu d td, ti vi,
tu lanh ciing nhU cae loai t i l n td cua nhilu
qudc gia khdc nhau, ma cdn bao gdm ca
nhijfng loai mdt hdng cd thuong hidu, dd
chtfi tinh due vd cdc loai vu khi Dfldng nhfl
day la mgt sfl giai phdng tinh than phu
phidm, sfl nudng chilu vfi bdc ddng cua ban
than hem Id thgt sfl mong mud'n gufi nhflng
mdn dd dd de'n vdi nhufng ngudi than ydu
cua minh d thd' gidi bdn kia Blake (2011)
giai thich r i n g tinh khdi hfii dang ngdy
mdt hidn rd trong nhflng mong mud'n sfl
phu hoa vd tfldng tflgng, nhflng mdt nhlft
thdi vd xu hfldng thdi trang ciia thdi hien
dai Dilu ndy du de eho tha'y ldi giai thich
ndy cua dng dfla r a nhflhg quy tzinh nghidn cflu tucmg t u trong cdc euge hdnh ll hi^n dai ciia Dao Mau
Mdt trong nhOhg hg q u i qufi trinh hi^n dai hda ciia Dao M i u Id sU xuat hidn cfia
t h d hd d i n g mdi - Ddng dua Nhflhg con
nhang d$ tuf truyin thdng ciia Dao Miu
thay thd hd nfiy khfi budn cudi, do cac dSng dua diu khdng cd ngudn gdc Hen h$ chat
che vdi thd gidi tdm linh va khdng xuSt
hi^n bdi su thuc ep eua cdn ddng Ddi vdi
nhflng vi dong ndy, hg "chgn ldm dong" dcfn gidn vi mudn ed mgt n g h i Hg nghi
r i n g Idm ddng d thdi hign dai ndy vifa dugc mdc dep, vfla duge sdng thoai m^ Chinh tfl nhiihg nhu clu muu sinh vd ^ai tri dd khuye'n khich ho lua chgn con ducfng ndy Ndi cfich khfic, ldm ddng Dao Miu da
trd thdnh mdt cdng viec hap dan ddi v& nhieu ngUdi trong sd' cac ddng dua
H l u hd't cfic ddng mfi toi dfi phdng vSh
d i u nhanh chdng n h a n thflc r5 vd k h ^ g
dinh ban than minh Id ddng that so vdi cac ddng dua
Ddng Han ndi v l mdt dong dua:
Khi tdi du le len dong ciia H, tdi khdng biet cd ta dang ldm gi H lfi chfiu gdi cua dong Ba Toi dU l l cung vi tdi vdi dong Ba
Id ban H nhay nhU tren phim phuong Tfiy
trong khi rd lfi dang mfic do quan chua Tha
Cd mugn tiln de hfinh l l , nhflng lai vung tiln thdt ra't nhilu trong gifi dong ciia Co,
vd chia rat n h i l u tiln cho cung vfin vd hai
hau ddng Cd Hy khdng dUtfc cac thanh ui^
hd Cd ay cha lfi ddng dua Tdi ciing cdc ban ndnh se khdng bao gid dU l l cua cd ay n ^ Ban cua d i n g Hfi, co Minh Id chu m5t
Trang 3dflgc rfit nhieu tien nhflhg cudc sd'ng lgi
khd budn te: eon cai di du hgc, chong bdn
biu ldm dn hiem khi cd thdi gian cho cd
Cd tim de'n Dao Mdu vd hodn todn hi
nhi&ig bd do dong Hd mdc cung dofin tuy
tiing cua d i n g den md hodc Cd quye't dinh
trd thanh dong vi mud'n dugc dn mfic nhu
d i n g va nhflng ngfldi Ichdc d den Sau ndy,
cd gfip dflgc ngfldi tinh - cung Id ngUdi
trang diem vd ldm tdc cho dong; vd dieu
ndy cdng khie'n eo gan bd hdn vdi Dao
Mdu Ca hai ngUdi diu bi loi sd'ng eua ddng
thu hut, va nhd mgt ddng thdy giup lfim Id
nhdp ddng
Khi hg dugc xfle dau, hp chu y thfldng
xuyen trau chudt t i ^ g bfldc trong nghi le
ldn ddng vdi sU phan khdi Trong mat
ddng that, dong dua nhfl nhflhg chan dung
bid'm hga, vd nhflng buoi Id ndy trd nen
kem y nghia hctn hoae t h a m chi la vd
nghia Den trd t h a n h san khau de ho the
hien sU giau cd vd mong mudn thoa man
khat vpng giau cd
Vdi cd Minh, nghi Id len ddng dii tidu
td'n nhilu nhung lai mang de'n cho ed sfl
vui ve ma trfldc dd cd khdng dfldc hudng
Cd ndi r i n g ed mud'n m a n didn l l cua minh
phai that hodnh trdng vd xa hoa de thu
hut dUdc nhilu eon n h a n g de tuf tham dfl
Sd ngudi cang nhilu cang t h l hien sU
thanh cdng cua cd Khi phdt lgc thanh,
xud't ldc cho ngfldi t h a m dU cua nhflng dong
khde thfldng nhd, thi qua ldc eua dong
Minh rat xa xi, tdn k^m Cd cung mong le
dang cua cdc con nhang, de tuf, vd nhflng
ngfldi tham dfl gia dong eua nunh phai dat
t i l n nhfl vdy Vi du, dd l l phai la hdng
ngoai nhap NhCtog mdn dd nay nhfl keo,
htfn ga'p ddi, gfi'p ba nhflhg san p h l m ciing loai san xult d Vidt Nam Cd giai thich "
dd ngoai bao gid c h l n g tdt hctn do ndi" Tinh cd cd lan toi dfla mdt ngfldi ban My tdi du l l ldn dong Ban dau ehung tdi khd
de ddt vi nghi r i n g cdc dong se khdng edi
md chdo don mdt ngUdi nfldc ngoai NhUng ngugc lai, hoa ra cd ngUdi ban l y di cung tdi lai tie'p cgn dugc vdi nhflhg dong cd tid'ng Id Idid gan Cdc dong deu td ra tU hdo vi ed ngudi nUde ngodi dU 1§ len ddng Chdng toi
t h l y minh dfltfc ehdo ddn vd da tham gia hd't cdc hoat dgng trong Id Dieu nfiy dflcfng nhfl ciing lfim sang td tam H "sinh ngoai" trong ngfldi Vidt cua ddng Minh Ddng Minh cQng ndi them;
Cac thdnh bay gid cung di My, Ue hay Phap vi d dd cung cd eae dong Cfic ngai bie't nhflng san p h l m nay vd cung thich ehung Trfl khi khdng mua dflgc, chfl cbn nen chuin bi tdt nhat co the Vi du tdi hay chon s6-c6-ia Godiva hay La Maison Thudc la thi chpn Ba so cua London mua d hang midn thue hoac hang xdch tay ma khdch du lieh mang ve Nd'u md ngfldi mua khdng tinh y tiu cd khi ngfldi ta lai bdn cho imnh loai Ba sd cua Singapore re hctn
nhieu (cd dgn do)
Xud't phat tfl nhu cau tieu thu qud tai
hidn nay, hang ma diing trong nghi l l iSn ddng cung dflgc hien dai hda de'n chdng
mat Vi du nhfl cdc loai tiln giay, vdng ma dugc ddt d l gud tdi cdc thdnh cung dfltfc da dang hda vdi nhilu loai tiln dm phii, t i l n
md phong dong dd-la My, yen Nhat, dong Eu-ro Chdu Au hay t i l n Viet Le ddng cung
cd nhilu loai vat dung hidn dai de giii cdc thdnh hay ngfldi mdi khua't nhU xe hdi
Trang 460
didn thoai di ddng, d i n g h i deo tay, nhd
cufa hay ed nfl trang T i t nhidn U tudng
n h i t lfi ede mdn d l l l nfiy dUgc ddng mdc
hdng higu
Ddng Minh lai k l tidp v l k h l u chuin hi
11 ldn ddng:
Cdn dong cua ban trai cd Id phdi phuc
dich Ong Hofing Bdy C h i c chfiu bidt vi
thfinh ndy hfldng thu cudc sdng vui v&
nhudng nfio Thd ndn Ithdng nhflng phdi
chuin bi thuyin to ngUa ldn, md lfi xe
Mercedes, ca mdy bay Boeing d l ngdi di
lai nhanh vd thodi mdi hcfn Bgn ed mua
ddng hd Coach vd vet Bulgaria vi ngdi r l t
sdnh mfic NhCJfng hdng ma eao c3fp nfiy d i t
hdn hdng mfi thudng NhUhg cdc ngdi se
tinh y, chap nhdn sfl t h a n h tdm vd nhidt
tinh md uu tien giup chdu hdn
T i n h t h e tiic v a sii t r a i n ^ u g m x a h ^ i
t r o n g D 9 0 M S U : V a i t r o c u a c a c d d n g
t h S y v a h g t h o n g ctf c a n h
T r o i ^ mdi trUdng chinh tai hidn dai, cfic
ddng trong Dao Mfiu nhgn dUtfc khd nhilu
sU thidn vi, etf efinh eung xult hidn ngdy
cfing nhilu quanh cfic ddng thdy Moi ddng
thdy diu cd mgt phe phfii rieng Xu hUdng
ndy ngdy cdng phdt trien vd khong chi gifla
cdc d i n ehua vdi nhau, mfi trong chinh m l i
d i n cung cd nhiihg ctf cfinh khfic nhau
Tfltfng tu nhu cdc doi thu chinh tri, ddng
cua mgt phe cfinh ndy thudng hay chi trich
ddng ciia ctf cdnh kia vfi ldi chi trich ndng
n l nhat dugc ddng de gpi d i n g ciia ctf cfinh
ddi thu Id "budn thdn bdn thdnh" Mdt sd
ngudi thgm chi cdn phdn bidt b l i ^ cdc so
sfinh ggi minh Id "ddng sang bdng trgng"
ggi nfiy ddi khi cung cd tfic dung nhift dinh,
khidn cfic con n h a n g d$ tuf vfla f nhflhg lai khidn nhflhg ngUdi ngodi cudc silng sdt vi
hg thify cdch cU xU ndy ciia nhflhg ngfldi lak
hg cho lfi thi^n tfim vd lfi dai di^n ciia thl gidi tfim Hnh r l t pham thdnh Dilu thu vi Id, trong nhflhg cudc khlu chidn nfiy, m6i ngfldi d i u cd dinh n^iia
ridng cua minh t h d ndo Id "ddng sang bong trgng" hay "ding r l bdng dai" Mdt so
ngudi Hdn tudng ddn khdi ni$m trUdc 1^
ddng cd vd khdi nidm sau lfi dSng tdn; hay
mgt sd khdc cho riing khfii nidm trfldc
mang nghia "hiiu biit vd tinh tdo' trong khi ngUdi sau lai Id ddng mi tin
Nhilu ngudi cung cap thdng tin cho toi nghi r i n g cugc t r a n h cai xem ai Id ding thuc, cdn ai Id ddng dua khien n g i ^ ta Hdn tudng tdi mgt cudc thi xem ai Id sd mot -tinh ve sfl ndi tie'ng mfi khong cin xem nhflhg fldc mudn cua con n h a n g d§ bl c6 linh hay khdng Tinh thieng cua mdt ngoi
d i n trfldc ddy nhfl Ifi ncri de con ngfldi giao tie'p vdi Mau, cfic vi t h d n h t h i n vfi td taen
d t h d gidi bdn kia, dUdng nhfl dang bi giam dan gifla nhiJhg do thi ldn
CQng cd khi dSng khong du sflc sIm sufa
nhiing le ldn vfi ton kdm, hg tfl coi lfi ddng
thflcmg hay cbn ggi Id "tui ddng tdi
bon^-Su ngfldng mg cM dflhg d khd ndng v l t&i chinh vd sU linh nghidm de cd dfltfc n6, chd khdng dimg tai sU khiem t^n vfi ngh^o khd Nhieu ngUdi trong sd nhflng d^ng ddng thuong ndy ddi khi lay nghfeo lfim W the, chi trich sfl lang phi va khdng tuan thu dung nhflhg c h u ^ kinh d i l n t r o i ^ 1^ cua ddi thu Hg ggi nhflng dong gidu hcfn
Trang 5"budn thdn bdn thdnh"
Hi^n nay, md'i quan hd gifla ddng vfi
ddng t h l y da thay ddi Vdi r a t nhilu ddng,
ddy Id quan he ddi tde kinh doanh chfl
khdng phai la quan h^ thdy trd mdn dd
Nhflhg ngdi den Ifin cdn cung b i t d i u
tham gia vfio sfl xudt hi^n oua hoat ddng
nhugng quyen thUcfng m a i , g i n nhfl
McDonalds hay Hfing Gd rdn KFC
Vi du trong cdu chuydn chgn ddng t h l y
phan anh ro ndt tinh the tue hda vai trd
cua d i n g thay trong Dao Miu Ngfiy nay
cfic ddng tflcfng lai Ifla chgn thfiy d l theo
hfinh n g h i rat can thdn Trflde day thfldng
hg dflgc hg hang hay ban bd gidi thidu; nd'u
flhg y hg se bat dau xin ldm Id md phii vd
nhgn dflgc ldi khuydn trd thfinh dg td ciia
ddng thay Ngfiy nay, hg ehgn lUa ddng
thfiy theo nhieu tieu chf n h a t dinh vd dufi
tren dfic diem tinh cfich nhU: Id ngfldi tdt
va cd gia dinh hda thugn, chuia tflhg Iy hdn,
cU xd dung mUc va thfinh dat Cdc ddng
tUtfng lai thudng t h a m khao cdc tfii Hdu
chidm tinh vd cung hodng dao - nhfl ndm
sinh hay menh (kim, mdc, thiiy, hda, t h l )
ciia d i n g thay d l chgn thdy tdt theo hdnh
nghi Cung cd luc hp mang ca nhflhg dilu
tham khao nay tdi cdc thay bdi de cflng
xem Ugu tudi vfi m^nh cua ddng thdy cd
hdp vdi tudi va mdnh cua minh hay khdng
VI du mgt ddng mdi sinh vdo ndm ngg
mang mdnh hda, ed sd tim dong thdy sinh
ndm t u l t hay n a m d i n , hodc mang mdnh
mdc Dong Ha giai thich: "Nd'u khdng hgp
mgnh thi minh se ludn gdp xui trfl khi ddi
ddng thdy" Ddi khi, cfic ddng mdi chi nghe
theo ldi thdy p h a n vd chgn mdt ddng thdy
cd nhOhg dae d i l m nhfl thfiy phfin da neu
Thfldng moi d i n g chi cd mdt l l md phu, nhflng d d i ^ Huong dfi tflng cd hai l l Md phu trong 10 ndm theo nghi Chi k l chi tflhg ldm L l tfii khda (Ll md phA thfl 2) vi sau l i n md phu diu, cdng vide cua chi gdp true trdc, chdng vd con deu phdn ddi chi theo Dao Mau vd r l t nhilu chuydn khdng hay khde xdy dd'n Chi tdi hdi thl thdy bdi ndi do ddng thfiy cila chi khdng hgp tudi vd mdnh vdi chi, r l i d i n chi tdi gfip mdt ddng thdy khde hgp hon Chi phai Ifim l l chia tay vdi ddng thdy cu vd lfim mgt II Md phii mdi vdi ddng thdy sau
Cfic con nhang d$ tCf Dao Mau thfldng len chfla ldm Id Md phu hodc len vdi ehdn
td Tuy nhidn, mdt sd ngfldi cung cap thdng tin cho chung tdi ndi r i n g vide hoa thudn vd trung thfinh vdi mdt chdn td lfi rat khd vi ed luc d i n g thfiy cfl xil vdi cdc con nhang dg tuf r l t la Cd Din, mdt con nhang ndi vdi tdi:
Cfic ddng thdy khi mdi md d i n chCia bao gid cung td't bung, chin ehu vd nhigt tam Khi d i n chua trd ndn noi tidng hg se cfl xil khdc b i n Vi du, de gdp dflgc hg ciing khd htfh, tiln tra cho hg cijaig cao htfn Ddng Hd chia s i :
Cd nhiing ddng thdy ddi xil vdi cfic d§ tijf khdng cdng b l n g Nhflhg de tuf gidu htfn hay thugc t i n g ldp cao hcfn dfltfc ddi xil tdt htfh, ti nhu hg cd t h l tU chpn ngdy ldm le Vdo nhflhg dip ddc bigt nhU thdng l l hay diu nfim am lich, r l t nhilu d i n g mud'n Idm II, ndn d i n chua trd thfinh ndi cho thud Cdc ddng tra cho thay dong mdt khodn theo dinh mflc chung de thud d i n chua vfi cfic dich vu khfic Nhflhg cung cd
Trang 662
tdng qud hay dfla tiln eho ding thdy md
cdn cho nhflng ngfldi khdc trong din chua,
thd ndn hg dflgc UU tien NhU kilu ai hdi lg
thi duge UU tidn vfiy
Mgt sd con nhang Dgo Miu cung ndi
ddng thfiy mud'n hg thud ngfldi ldm d din
chua dl chuin hi le vfi tigc ldc sau ll ldn
ding Ding trUdng se trd tiln cho ngudi
cua din chua Trfldc dfiy thfldng ngfldi ta
tinh nguygn lfim nhiihg vide ndy, nhflhg
gid Id thdi hi^n dai vd cdc din chua dd trd
thdnh cdc edng ty trd Iflcfng cho nhdn vidn
Ddng Blc ke:
Nhfl kilu t l chflc tide efldi d khdch san,
minh tra tiln de hg chuin hi he't cdn minh
chi tdi Idm nhan vat chinh
Ddng Han ndi ro hctn;
O mdt sd ncfi, de dflgc quyen hdnh ll,
minh phai thud tdi cac dich vu d dd nhfl
hlu dang, dfin nhac hay ngfldi hfit Cd
nhiihg ndi ldm ll ldn ding td'n htfn nhilu
so vdi d nhflng chiia nhd Dd thudng Id
chua to phu ldn, mpi ngUdi diu mud'n dUdc
hdnh ll d dd
Bat chfi'p nhiihg trai nghigm khdng hfii
Idng d din, ddng Han vln hop U hda hdnh
vi ciia cdc dong din vl han che diing din
dl td chflc nghi le nlu ddng vd ddt mflc gifi
thud din rd't cao eho cdc eon nhang dd til
mudn thue Din chua trong Dao mau ciing
vi the mfi bit diu cd nhflhg chflc ndng nhfl
nhd vfin hda hay khdch san, dflgc dung
trong cdc le nghi thfldng ngdy dfldi hinh
thflc tdm Hnh, miin Id ngfldi thud tra du
tiln va diing ngfldi nhfi den lo Ueu cdng tac
hau cin cho cdc nghi le
hdnh 11 thfldng nidn d phu ciia ddng thdy
Ba Chi tdn gfi'p ba lin so vdi khi hfinh II
d phu ciia thdy minh, vfi cdn phdi mugn tiln dl lfim dfltfc II Nhung chi cho ring
tSt nhflng chi phi phdt sinh cung chinh Id
nhflhg Itfi ich cua vi$c dUffc ldm ll d m^t din phu ldn htfn Tdi ndi ehuydn vdi chi nhu vdi mdt bfi chii nhfi hfing, vl dia diem rdi lai vi tri, vfi gifi cd phai tra cho mot vi tri dep
Chi cung cho bidt them cfich nhin cua chi vl vi^c ndy khi ndi ring chi cin mci rdng pham vi hoat ddng dl dflgc cae thdnh ldn, nhflhg ngudi thudng ngu d nhiihg ehtia
to phii ldn, biet dd'n Ciu giai thich:
Yi^c tdi thfim chua ldn cung quan trpng
vi nhu the se liy dUtfc ldng cdc vi d dd Ndu khong tdi thfim sao cdc vi bilt minh m& giup dUtfc?
Ket l u ^ Ngfiy nay, nhiihg nghi le Dao Mau van dfltfc duy tri Cdc nghi ll dUtfc duy tri dfldi
nhiihg hinh thflc dflgc cdc ctf quan dhk
nfldc cdng nhdn lfi sinh hoat tin ngfldng vfin hda dan gian truyen thdng, Id mdt
phin di sin vfin hda \^$t Nam Tuy nhien
dfldi tdc dgng eua qufi trinh hien dai h6a vfi cdng ngh^ hda d thd' ki XXI, yd'u td tam linh ciia nhC&ig nghi le dfi it nhilu suy gidm vd bi thay thd bdi tinh the tuc du6i cdc hinh thflc khdi hfii, giai tri vd thfldng mai Khdng phai ai cung coi cdc nghi ll ndy Id cdch Hdn lac vdi thd gidi ben kia, dl dfldc td tien chi dudng ddn ldi hay elu xin Thfinh Miu dieu gi; din chua cui^ khong chi Id ndi de tim dfldc sU an ui hay khuyen
Trang 7ddng kinh doanh hidu qua nhd vdo uy Hnh
cua than thanh
Ndu trUde kia nghi Id len ddng thudng
duge diing de truyin tdi mdt thdng di^p
tdm linh ro rfing, thi gid ddy mSi nghi l l ed
the hdm chfla nhieu dgng thdng d i | p vd gid
tri khdc nhau cd I n h hfldng khdng nhd tdi
cdc khia cgnh t r i n tuc, ddi thfldng Nhimg
sfl thay ddi nfiy chi ro hctn y nghia eua Dao
Mdu trong tinh gidi tri cua cdc sinh hogt
fan ngiOng, tdn gido Chung tdi eho r i n g
cdc sinh hoat tdn gido, nghi II vd vide thd
phung ed y nghia tdm linh ludn hdm chfla
gid tri giai tri mang tinh the tuc Dieu ndy
minh chflng cho sfl trai nghiem phong phu
cua ngfldi phu nfl theo Dgo Mdu
P h a n tich v l tinh gidi tri cua Dgo Mdu
khdng chi eung cap dfl Hdu ve mpt khia
canh khde trong ddi sdng cua phu nfl theo
Dao Mdu ma cdn U giai each thflc nd duge
t h l hidn qua sinh hoat tdn gido Dao Miu
vfi dUtfc phu nfl trong Dgo Mdu ddnh gifi
cao trong ddi sd'ng eua hg nhfl thd nfio Ndi
cfich khfic, chung tdi cho r i n g Dao Miu lfi
mgt bieu hien ciia tinh t h i n vui ve ciia
ngfldi Yiet - qua k h a nfing sdng lac quan vd
bie't tan hfldng trong dieu kidn cho phdp;
biet chiu dflhg sfl thie'u thdn vdi mdt thdi
dd hdm hinh Nhiihg phan tich v l tinh
t h i n vui ve ay ciing cho ta cfii nhin cgn
canh cung vdi nguIn dfl Ueu dli ddo v l vain
d l "trao quyln" cung nhfl tinh t h i n ngUdi
Viet, dae bidt la tdi cdc phu nfl theo Dao
Mau Sflc manh tam linh cung vdi tinh
t h i n vui ve tfldng nhU khdi hdi, phu phiem
nhflhg lai chinh la ngudn trao quyln Iflc
m l m va sfl trai nghiem quyln Iflc m l m eua
TAX L I E U THAM K H A O
1 Huizinga, JoHdn 1950 (2000) Homo Ludens; a Study of the Play-element in Culture Boston: The Beacon Press
2 Ngd Dflc Thinh.2001 Tin ngu9ng vd vdn
hda tin ngflStag d Yi^t Nam [The BeUef and
the Cultural Belief in Vietnam] Hdn$i: Nhd xult bdn Khoa hoc Xa hOi 2004
3 Dao Mau vd cdc hlnh thflc shaman trong
cdc toe ngif&i d Yi^t Nam vd chdu A [The
Mother Goddess Religion and Some Shamanistie Foims of Ethnic Groups in
\^etnam and Asia] HdnQi: Nhd xult bfin Khoa hoc Xa hpi
4 Nortan, Barley.2000.Vietnamese Mediumship Ritual: The Musical Construction of the Spirits The World of Music 42(2):75-97
5 O'neill, Maura 1990 Women Speaking, Women Listeniog: Women in Interreligious Dialogue New York: Orbis Books
6 Rappaport, Roy 1999 Sharma, Arvind and Young, Katherine Eds 2003 Her Voice, Her Faith: Women Speak on World Religions Boulder: Westview Press
7 Tu Anh T Vu 2011 Dao Miu Religious Practices: The Soft Power and Everyday
Lives of Women in Contemporary Yet A
Dissertation Hawaii University at Manoa
8 Taylor Keith 1987 The Birth of Vietnam Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press
9 Taylor, Philip, ed 2008 Modernity and Re-enchdntment: Religion in Post-revolutionary Vietnam Lanham, MD: Lexington Books
10 Taylor, Philip 2000 Fragments of the Present: Searching for Modernity in Vietnam's South Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 2002
11 The Ethnicity of EfScacy: Vietnamese Goddess Worship and the Encoding of Popular Histories Asian Ethnirity 3(1):
85-102 2004 Goddess on the Rise Honolulu: