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Tӯ VDX Ĉҥi hӝi cӫD Ĉҧng lҫn thӭ VI 1986, chӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿәi mӟi cӫa Ĉҧng, ÿmWiFÿӝng mҥnh mӁ YjÿHPOҥi nhӳng chuyӇn biӃn diӋXNuWURQJÿӡi sӕng thӵc tҥi lүQÿӡi sӕQJYăQKӑF7URQJOƭQKYӵFYăQKӑFKzDQKӏ

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ĈӔ,9Ӟ,9Ă1+Ӑ&3+Ò<Ç1ĈѬѪ1*ĈҤ,

/8Ұ19Ă17+Ҥ&6Ƭ1*¬1+9Ă1+Ӑ&9,ӊ71$0

7KjQKSKӕ+ӗ&Kt0LQK - QăP

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LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1

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MӨC LӨC

MӢ ĈҪU 1

/êGRFKӑQÿӅ WjL 1

2 Lӏch sӱ vҩn ÿӅ 2

3 MөFÿtFKQJKLrQFӭu 12

ĈӕLWѭӧQJYjSKҥPYLQJKLrQFӭu 13

3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭu 13

ĈyQJJySFӫDÿӅ WjL 15

7 CҩXWU~FFӫa luұQYăQ 15

NӜI DUNG 17

&KѭѫQJ1*Ð3+$1/Ѭ87521*0ҤCH CHҦ<9Ă1+Ӑ&3+Ò<Ç1 ĈѬѪ1*ĈҤI 17

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1.1.1 Sӵ ÿDGҥng vӅ ÿӕLWѭӧng phҧQiQK 18

1.1.2 Sӵ SKRQJSK~YӅ nhӳQJ[XKѭӟQJWuPWzL 21

1.1.3 Sӵ ÿ{QJÿҧo cӫa nhӳQJFk\E~WYLӃWYăQ[X{L 25

1KjYăQ1J{3KDQ/ѭXWURQJEӕi cҧQKYăQKӑF3K~<rQÿѭѫQJÿҥi 33

Ĉ{LQpWYӅ cuӝFÿӡi 33

1.2.2 +jQKWUuQKÿLWuPYăQFKѭѫQJ 34

1.2.3 Quan niӋPViQJWiF 40

TiӇu kӃWFKѭѫQJ 46

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2.1 Cҧm hӭQJViQJWiFFӫD1J{3KDQ/ѭX 47

2.1.1 Cҧm hӭng thӃ sӵ 47

2.1.2 Cҧm hӭQJÿҥROê 52

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Ĉәi mӟi quan niӋm vӅ FRQQJѭӡi 56

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2.3 NhӳQJÿәi mӟLWURQJFiFKWLӃp cұQÿӅ WjLFӫD1J{3KDQ/ѭX 75

ĈӅ WjLQ{QJWK{Q 76

ĈӅ WjLÿ{WKӏ KyD 86

TiӇu kӃWFKѭѫQJ 96

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3.2 NghӋ thuұW[k\GӵQJWuQKKXӕng cӫD1J{3KDQ/ѭX 105

3.2.1 Quan niӋm cӫDFiFQKjYăQYӅ WuQKKXӕng 105

3.2.2 NghӋ thuұW[k\GӵQJWuQKKXӕQJÿӝFÿiRFӫD1J{3KDQ/ѭX 107

3.3 NghӋ thuұW[k\GӵQJQKkQYұt cӫD1J{3KDQ/ѭX 111

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&iFKWә chӭFQJ{QQJӳ 121

3.4.2 Sӵ ÿDGҥng vӅ sҳFWKiLJLӑQJÿLӋu 128

TiӇu kӃWFKѭѫQJ 135

KӂT LUҰN 136

$7¬,/,ӊU THAM KHҦO 139

%&È&7È&3+ҬM KHҦ26È7 144

MӢ ĈҪU

1 /êGRFKӑQÿӅ WjL

1.1 ĈҩWQѭӟFWDÿmWUҧi qua biӃt bao WKăQJWUҫm cӫa lӏch sӱ ChiӃn thҳQJQăP

ÿmPӣ UDFKRÿҩWQѭӟc ta mӝt trang lӏch sӱ mӟi, QRQV{QJJҩPYyF thu vӅ mӝt mӕi, Bҳc Nam sum hӑp mӝWQKj Tӯ ÿk\GkQWӝFWDEѭӟc sang mӝt thӡi kǤ mӟLYjFyTX\Ӆn hy vӑng vӅ mӝWWѭѫQJODLWѭѫi ViQJÿҫy rҥng rӥ&QJYӟi sӵ WKD\ÿәi cӫa lӏch sӱ YăQ KӑF FNJQJ Fy QKӳQJ Eѭӟc chuyӇQ PuQK tҥR QrQ QKӳng diӋn mҥo mӟi Bao giӡ FNJQJWKӃYăQKӑFOX{QFyVӵ tӵ WKkQYұQÿӝng biӃQÿәi cӫDULrQJQy7X\QKLrQGFyFyWӵ WKkQYұQÿӝQJÿӃQÿkXFKăQJQӳDQKѭQJQӃu thiӃXÿLQKӳQJQKjYăQFKkQFKtQKYjWUiFKQKLӋPWKuVӵ vұQÿӝng biӃQÿәi ҩy sӁ NK{QJWKӇ QjRWRjQdiӋQÿѭӧc

1.2 Tӯ VDX Ĉҥi hӝi cӫD Ĉҧng lҫn thӭ VI (1986), chӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿәi mӟi cӫa

Ĉҧng, ÿmWiFÿӝng mҥnh mӁ YjÿHPOҥi nhӳng chuyӇn biӃn diӋXNuWURQJÿӡi sӕng thӵc tҥi lүQÿӡi sӕQJYăQKӑF7URQJOƭQKYӵFYăQKӑFKzDQKӏSFQJÿjSKiWWULӇn ÿәi mӟLYăQKӑc, truyӋn ngҳQÿmSKiWWULӇn rҩWV{Lÿӝng vӟi nhiӅX[XKѭӟng, nhiӅu hiӋQWѭӧQJNKiFQKDXYjWKӵc sӵ ÿmFyQKLӅXWKjQKWӵu ÿiQJÿӇ ghi nhұn Sӵ phong SK~ÿDGҥng, phӭc tҥp cӫDYăQKӑFQѭӟFQKjWKӡi kǤ Qj\WKӇ hiӋQWUrQQKLӅXEuQKdiӋn: cҧm hӭQJÿӅ WjLFKӫ ÿӅNKX\QKKѭӟng thҭm mӻSKRQJFiFKWKӫ SKiSQJKӋ thuұt Sӵ xuҩt hiӋn cӫD FiF WKӃ hӋ QKj YăQ PDQJ QKLӅX SKRQJ FiFK, ÿm ÿHP ÿӃn nhiӅu trҧi nghiӋm Yj NKiPSKiPӟi mҿ WURQJYăQKӑc vӟi nhӳQJWKjQKWӵX³KLӋQÿҥi KyD´

1.3 Trong tiӃQWUuQKYăQKӑc ViӋt NamYăQKӑF3K~<rQÿѭӧFKuQKWKjQKYj

SKiWWULӇn chұPKѫQVRYӟi mӝt sӕ tӍQKWKjQKWURQJFҧ Qѭӟc, lҥL[DFiFWUXQJWkPkinh tӃ YăQ KyD OӟQ QrQ WKLӃu mӝW P{L WUѭӡng thuұn lӧL ÿӇ cҥQK WUDQK QkQJ FDRchҩW Oѭӧng nghӋ thuұW 7X\ QKLrQ FjQJ YӅ VDX YăQ KӑF 3K~ <rQ FjQJ YұQ ÿӝng mҥnh mӁ, nhӏSÿӝ SKiWWULӇQQKDQKÿiSӭQJÿѭӧc nhu cҫu cӫDÿӝc giҧĈӝc giҧ cҧ QѭӟFNK{QJFKӍ biӃWÿӃQ3K~<rQQKѭPӝWÿӏa chӍ ÿӓ cӫDYăQKӑFFiFKPҥng trong thӡLNKiQJFKLӃQPjFzQQKӳQJWKjQKWӵXÿiQJJKLQKұn cӫDYăQKӑF3K~<rQJLDL ÿRҥn cuӕi thӃ kӍ ;;ÿҫu thӃ kӍ XXI Trong gҫn 20 QăPÿҫu thӃ kӍ XXI, nhiӅXWiF

giҧ WLrXELӇu cӫD3K~<rQOLrQWөc cho ra mҳt nhӳQJ³ÿӭa con tinh thҫQ´FyJLiWUӏ, nhiӅX WiF SKҭP ÿRҥt giҧL WKѭӣng cҩp Quӕc gia %rQ Fҥnh viӋc thӇ hiӋn nhӳQJ ÿһc ÿLӇm chung cӫDYăQKӑc cҧ Qѭӟc qua tӯQJJLDLÿRҥQSKiWWULӇQYăQKӑFÿӏDSKѭѫQJvүQWKѭӡQJPDQJKѫLWKӣ ULrQJFӫDP{LWUѭӡQJQX{LGѭӥQJQy

1.4 1J{3KDQ/ѭX[Xҩt hiӋQNKiPXӝQWUrQYăQÿjQ, QKѭFKtQKQӅQYăQKӑc

3K~<rQFӫD{QJVRYӟi tiӃQWUuQKYăQKӑFÿҩWQѭӟFQKѭQJlҥi tҥo ÿѭӧc nhӳng tiӃng vang lӟQÐQJFKӑQFKRPuQKOӕLÿLJLӳa truyӅn thӕQJYjKLӋQÿҥi, vӟi mӝWFiFKYLӃt

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EiR 9ăQ QJKӋ 3KRQJ SK~ JLӑQJ ÿLӋu´, 2010) ĈLӅX ÿy ÿm WҥR QrQ VӭF K~W WURQJViQJWiFFӫa 1J{3KDQ/ѭX TruyӋn ngҳn cӫD1J{3KDQ/ѭX, tӯQJFyWKӡi gian nәi OrQQKѭPӝt hiӋQWѭӧQJYăQKӑc mӟLWUrQYăQÿjQYӟi nhӳQJÿiQKJLiFyQKLӅu triӇn vӑng Song nhӳQJ JLi WUӏ chӭD WURQJ Qy YүQ FzQ QKLӅX Et ҭn Vұ\ QrQ ÿm ÿӃQ O~Fcҫn FyPӝWFiLQKuQWRjQGLӋQÿӕi vӟi nhӳQJViQJWiFFӫD1J{3KDQ/ѭX, trong tiӃn WUuQKSKiWWULӇn cӫa nӅQYăQKӑF3K~<rQÿѭѫQJÿҥi QyLULrQJYjYăQKӑc QѭӟFQKj QyLFKXQJ

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2 Lӏch sӱ vҩQÿӅ

Tӯ sau QăP  FQJ Yӟi cӝt mӕF Ĉәi mӟi cӫD KRjQ FҧQK ÿҩW QѭӟF Yjnhӳng chuyӇn biӃn lӏch sӱ [XQJTXDQKQyYăQKӑFFyQKӳQJÿәi mӟLÿiQJNӇ YjÿmÿҥWÿѭӧc nhӳQJEѭӟc tiӃn quan trӑng vӅ nhұn thӭFViQJWҥR&{QJFXӝFÿәi mӟLYăQhӑFÿmPӣ UDFKRYăQQJKӋ VƭPӝWFKkQtrӡi mӟLÿӇ NKiPSKiYjViQJWҥo HiӋn thӵc ÿӡi sӕng vӟi nhiӅu biӃQÿӝng phӭc tҥp cӫa thӡLNuÿәi mӟLYjKӝi nhұp thӵc sӵ OjYQJÿҩt thӓa sӭFFKRViQJWҥRYăQKӑc nghӋ thuұt Mӣ rӝQJELrQÿӝ hiӋn thӵFWăQJFѭӡng sӵ thұWÿm ÿHPOҥLFKR YăQ [X{LVDXPj ÿһc biӋt vӟi truyӋn ngҳQFynhiӅXѭXWKӃ WURQJViQJWҥR9ăQ[X{LEҳWÿҫXFyQKӳng chuyӇn biӃQWtFKFӵFYѭӧt

ra khӓi nhӳQJ ÿӅ WjL TXHQ WKXӝF ÿӅ WjL Q{QJ WK{Q ÿӅ WjL FKLӃQ WUDQK  KѭӟQJ ÿӃn

NKiPSKiVkXKѫQYjRQKӳQJYQJKLӋn thӵFPjWUѭӟFÿk\YăQKӑc ÿmbӓ TXrQ hoһc FKѭDÿѭӧFFK~êÿӃn vӟi mӝWFiLQKuQÿҫ\ÿӫ YjWRjQGLӋQÿӅ WjLFXӝc sӕQJÿ{WKӏ,

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mә xҿ, vӟi mӝWNƭWKXұWWUuQKGLӉQULrQJÿmÿӇ lҥi nhiӅu dҩu ҩQWURQJTXiWUuQKYұn ÿӝQJYjSKiWWULӇn cӫDYăQ[X{LÿѭѫQJÿҥLĈLӅXÿyOtJLҧLYuVDRYăQ[X{LWUӣ QrQhҩp dүQKѫQÿӕi vӟi bҥQÿӑFÿһc biӋWOjYăQ[X{LQKӳQJQăPÿҫu thӃ kӍ XXI

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cҧ KDL SKѭѫQJ GLӋn: nӝi dung lүQ KuQK WKӭc nghӋ thuұt vӟi nhӳng bӭt SKi WURQJnghӋ thuұt kӇ chuyӋQ Yj Vӵ rӝng mӣ cӫD ELrQ ÿӝ ÿӅ WjL ĈLӅX ÿy ÿm tW QKLӅX JySphҫn xio xӟi ÿӡi sӕQJYăQKӑFFySKҫQ\rQҳng trong nhӳQJQăPJҫQÿk\, ÿһc biӋt NKLÿһW1J{3KDQ/ѭXWURQJGzQJFKҧy cӫa nӅQYăQKӑF3K~<rQÿѭѫQJÿҥi Cho ÿӃQQD\ViQJWiFFӫD1J{3KDQ/ѭXFKѭDQKLӅu lҳPQKѭQJÿӫ ÿӇ lҥLWURQJOzQJQJѭӡL ÿӑc nhӳng cҧP [~F Yj QKӳng cҧm nhұn NKiF QKDX ĈiӅX ÿy ÿm JyS SKҫn NK{QJQKӓ YjRYLӋFOjPQrQGLӋn mҥRYjWKjQKWӵu cӫDYăQKӑc ViӋt Nam ÿҫu thӃ

kӍ ;;, QyL FKXQJ Yj QӅQ YăQ KӑF 3K~ <rQ QyL ULrQJ Nhӳng vҩQ ÿӅ ÿѭӧF ÿӅ cұp [X\rQ VXӕt trong truyӋn ngҳn cӫD {QJOjFXӝc sӕQJFRQ QJѭӡi, vӟi nhӳng vҩQÿӅ phӭc tҥSÿDFKLӅu vӕQFyFӫDQy

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1J{3KDQ/ѭXÿmOjPQrQPӝW³KLӋQWѭӧng lҥ´WURQJÿӡi sӕQJYăQKӑc ViӋt Nam tӯ ÿҫu thӃ kӹ XXI: MӝW OmR QKj YăQ WLQK DQK WURQJ Yk\ SKӫ cӫa rҩt nhiӅu hӗ hӣLFiFQKjYăQWUҿ TruyӋn ngҳQYjSKҫQQjRFҧ tҥSE~W FӫD1J{3KDQ /ѭX WKҧng hoһF Fy tW QKLӅu trӗi sөt, song vӅ Fѫ EҧQ ÿӅX Jk\ ÿѭӧc nhӳng ҩQWѭӧng nghӋ thuұt Giӳ ÿѭӧc mӝt mҥFKYăQPӝt lӕi viӃt vӯDVkXVҳc WKkPWUҫm vӯa nhҽ QKjQJKyPKӍnh, phҭm chҩt ҩ\OjPQrQYҿ ÿҽp cӫDYăQFKѭѫQJ1J{3KDQ/ѭX

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Phҥm vi nghLrQFӭu chӫ yӃu cӫDÿӅ WjLOjEӕn tұp truyӋn ngҳn:

- 1J{ 3KDQ /ѭX