IR 4.0 OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN VIET NAM.IR 4.0 OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN VIET NAM.IR 4.0 OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN VIET NAM.IR 4.0 OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN VIET NAM.IR 4.0 OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN VIET NAM.
APPLICATIONS OF INDUSTRY 4.0 IN HEALTHCARE
The fourth industrial revolution
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, similar to its predecessors, originated in the manufacturing sector by integrating everything with the internet This connectivity generates extensive data throughout the entire process and employs advanced analytics to develop innovative products and service models.
The Smart Factory concept aims to enhance production line connectivity and provide decision support to workers, ensuring maximum efficiency by reducing waste and costs As the initiative evolved, product quality and configuration became more adaptable Connectivity extended beyond individual factories to optimize inventory and ordering processes across multiple locations Industry 4.0 now encompasses comprehensive value chain monitoring, including product usage, delivery, and maintenance, which fosters a feedback loop for improved product design and targeting This transformation is essential for meeting large-scale industrial demands and is projected to be valued at $214 billion by 2023, keeping businesses competitive in a rapidly changing market.
A Cyber Physical System (CPS) is an intelligent, automated device that connects and interacts with the physical environment It possesses the ability to learn, self-diagnose problems, and act independently or collaboratively with humans and other CPSs This interconnected system enhances efficiency and effectively addresses various issues.
• Internet of Things (IOT)—the network over which CPSs can connect to the internet and to each other in a secure, auditable manner.
• Internet of Services (IOS)—when devices are networked over the IOT, new services focusing on logistics, intelligence, automation and prediction are possible.
A Smart Factory integrates cyber-physical systems and human operators, utilizing the Internet of Things and Internet of Services to monitor production processes and facilitate decentralized decision-making within an interconnected network Management is enhanced through Smart Enterprise Resource Planning (SERP) systems, which, alongside human and virtual agents, enable real-time responsiveness to demand, market conditions, and feedback from the value chain, including logistics.
The manufacturing toolset establishes a foundational capability map for a versatile '4.0' framework applicable across various sectors and delivery models Future sections will explore its use in innovative health and social care models The term 'smart factory' is redefined as a 'virtual agent' to facilitate cross-sector understanding While a smart factory in manufacturing represents an automated, interconnected system, in healthcare, it manifests as a virtual assistant that bridges communication between the system and individuals, regardless of their location.
Since the World Economic Forum's initiative on Industry 4.0, many have sought to address its challenges and opportunities The concept is evolving, with ongoing debates about defining its complex technologies and principles Industry 4.0 is characterized by transformative changes in organizational structures, business models, and market dynamics to maximize technological benefits Additionally, the relationships among stakeholders differ significantly from previous industrial revolutions; while the first two revolutions operated on centralized networks and the third on decentralized networks with powerful hubs, the fourth revolution will feature a distributed network of interconnected nodes with equal power Consequently, as the connected value chain extends beyond traditional factory boundaries, these technologies are poised to reshape societal organization, redistributing power and assets, though not always for the greater good.
Countries globally are on the verge of a technological revolution known as Industrial Revolution 4.0, with the Asia and Pacific region, particularly Vietnam, exemplifying rapid technological innovation and workplace adoption This evolution is occurring at an unprecedented pace, though it varies across different sectors This policy brief outlines the opportunities and challenges that arise in the evolving world of work.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) builds on previous industrial advancements by integrating digital technologies that blur the lines between physical, digital, and biological realms Characterized by rapid technological progress, IR 4.0 encompasses mobile communication, the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, robotics, and more In Vietnam, this transformation presents both opportunities and challenges across various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and services, significantly impacting all categories of workers, particularly vulnerable groups such as youth and women.
Technology as creator and transformer of jobs
Technological advancements play a crucial role in driving the structural transformation of the economy, enabling a shift from agriculture to manufacturing and services These innovations facilitate labor mobility among workers across different sectors and occupations, while also alleviating the burden of cumbersome tasks, ultimately enhancing productivity and efficiency in the workforce.
The adoption of mechanisation in the agriculture sector is essential for boosting labour productivity and diversifying the rural economy, as it employs about two-thirds of the rural workforce and accounts for roughly 40% of total employment as of 2017 Despite a slowdown in sector growth over recent decades, significant untapped potential remains in off-farm activities and non-agricultural diversification within rural areas, with mechanisation driving productivity gains Additionally, the rise of e-agriculture presents opportunities to enhance outputs in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, while also promoting rural development.
The manufacturing sector is experiencing a significant transformation due to advancements in technology, particularly in the textiles, clothing, footwear, and electronics industries, as highlighted in the ILO report “ASEAN in transformation.” While high-tech integration is still evolving, it is already fostering productivity growth through trade and foreign direct investment Disruptive technologies such as 3D printing, industrial robots, and the Internet of Things are expected to create substantial changes in the medium to long term, increasing demand for jobs in engineering, transport, and infrastructure The digital revolution is also shifting workers toward customer-oriented roles in the service sector and contributing to the growth of the gig economy through online platforms like Uber and e-commerce The adoption of innovative technologies promises to enhance workplace safety, boost productivity and wages, and stimulate aggregate demand, particularly with anticipated increases in foreign direct investment and access to export markets from free trade agreements like CPTPP and the EU-Vietnam FTA As productivity rises and working conditions improve, this may lead to reduced working hours and an expansion of leisure services However, ensuring worker protection and decent employment amidst the changes of Industry 4.0 is crucial, as technology cannot replace all tasks requiring human perception, creativity, and social intelligence The informal economy's growth and the rise of non-standard employment further complicate the employment relationship, raising concerns about worker protection and job quality.
How to maximize the use of IR 4.0? Some examples
Technological advancements in agriculture have significantly enhanced productivity in developed economies through increased mechanization and the use of information and communication technology (ICT) Notable applications of ICT include smartphone apps for farmers, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for farming and fishing, and satellite technologies that boost agricultural and fishing outputs Additionally, both consumers and producers are becoming more aware of ecological issues, fair trade, and the benefits of agricultural biological products over chemical alternatives ICT plays a crucial role in promoting these organic products, utilizing various strategies such as packaging, sizing, and pricing to enhance market appeal and quality.
High-tech technologies play a crucial role in enhancing efficiency and productivity within industrial sectors, particularly in developed economies Successful Asian nations such as Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Malaysia have implemented robust industrial development policies focused on export-oriented sectors, leading to significant economic growth These countries have prioritized education and training to equip their workforce with the necessary skills to integrate advanced technologies and diversify into more complex products For instance, nearly 50% of Singapore's workforce is engaged in high-skill, technology-intensive manufacturing exports.
The advent of mobile devices and widespread internet access has transformed the work landscape, giving rise to the gig economy, digital platforms, freelancing, and e-commerce, which enable remote work and expand global markets Online learning, exemplified by MOOCs, offers affordable opportunities for skill development, particularly for youth As Vietnam navigates the 4th Industrial Revolution, it is crucial to remove barriers to occupational and geographical mobility while enhancing skills, combining technical competencies with core skills like creativity and critical thinking Education and training systems must evolve to prepare the workforce for future demands, necessitating collaboration among policymakers, businesses, and training providers A sectoral approach to employment creation is essential, focusing on industries that generate value-added jobs and foster structural transformation Effective labor market governance is vital for enhancing productivity and living standards, requiring strong legal protections for workers and active industrial relations Additionally, active labor market policies and social protection measures, including unemployment insurance, are necessary to support workers transitioning between jobs in a rapidly changing economy.
Healthcare 4.0
In today's fast-paced and complex world, the integration of virtual reality, simulations, big data analytics, and Artificial Intelligence offers significant advantages, particularly in healthcare To stay relevant in the evolving medical profession, physicians, health economists, and healthcare administrators must adapt to this technological landscape, ensuring effective care for the population in the digital age.
Robots are used to perform surgery and provide improved performance, movement and control Now, surgery can be per-formed through computer control.
It reduces/eliminates tissue trauma in open heart surgery case It can also work in an environment that is felt dangerous for surgeons.
Holography is a revolutionary non-contact 3D imaging technology that allows for high-resolution visualization of human anatomy, including tissues, bones, and organ activity, without the need for the patient's physical presence This innovative tool enables doctors to analyze holographic images, facilitating contactless studies and the assessment of both internal and external fractures Additionally, holography offers significant potential for overcoming the challenges of storing complex 3D patient images, as it allows for the digital storage of patient diseases and other pertinent information, ultimately aiding in the training of medical students.
Sensors provide information about temperature, blood pressure and other conditions of the patient Different types of sensors are used as per the requirement of the medical field.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the medical field by linking medical devices to the Internet, enabling the collection of critical data that enhances patient care This technology plays a vital role in monitoring, treating, and testing patients, ultimately leading to improved satisfaction and better health outcomes.
In healthcare, big data plays a crucial role in delivering life-saving outcomes by digitizing vast amounts of information for analysis This technology enables doctors to gain valuable insights into patients' medical histories, which is essential for effective treatment By identifying early signs of illness, big data facilitates better patient care and accelerates treatment processes.
In the medical field, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in analyzing complex medical data, enhancing the capabilities of healthcare professionals This technology, driven by advanced computer systems, delivers valuable insights and well-defined outputs to both doctors and patients, ultimately improving patient outcomes through personalized medicine, accurate diagnoses, disease management, drug development, and continuous patient monitoring Additionally, Industry 4.0 introduces innovative opportunities for patient care by enabling the precise manufacturing of customized medical devices, leading to high-quality results and positively impacting hospital operations.
Figure 1.1: Capabilities of Industry 4.0 in the medical field IoT,
Internet of things Source: Industry 4.0 applications in medical field: A brief review
- The customisation is the primary requirement of the medical field because data of every patient- specific implants and devices are different
- Industry 4.0 is famous because of the manufacturing of the customised product, so it can quickly create highquality implants and devices in lesser time and cost
2 Digital hospital - Industry 4.0 provides better information management in medical by the application of IoT
- Helpful in keeping medical record, physician,sample and laboratory identification
- By the applications of digital technologies used in Industry 4.0, symptoms and cause of diseases are easily identified
3 Smart implants - Efficient manufacturing of smart medical components and the same can communicate with monitoring systems and remote physicians
- It evolves in the part of the internet of service and opens a new era of opportunities in the medical field
- By the applications of smart material, implants can change the shape with increase in temperature concerning time as per requirement
4 Designing and manufacturing of surgical tools and devices
- Industry 4.0 can play a useful role in the design and production of implants, surgical tools, biomodels and all other medical devices and models in lesser time
- Also used for upgradation of tools and devices by the application of additive manufacturing
- Implants manufactured by smart manufacturing technology fit the patients comfortably
In critical situations like severe illness or when family members are unavailable, technology plays a vital role in swiftly retrieving a patient's medical history, including essential details such as their name, age, and blood group.
- Provide more time for treatment by speedy admission procedure
- Provides 3G video equipment in an ambulance by which doctors can also image the condition of the patient before admitting
6 Provides implants in lesser time
- Build a customised model in lesser time with required mechanical strength
- Helpful to create a conceptual model for medical applications
- By the applications of different advance designing and manufacturing technologies, implants and other medical devices are created in lesser time
7 Cost-effective for the hospitals
- Produces any medical devices, instruments or implants at a lower cost
- Digitally controls all the system in the hospital and provides excellent service to the patient
- Highly reliable for manufacturing of a customised product which correctly fits the patient
- A customised implant as per patient data reduces risk and surgery time
8 Improved accuracy as per patient match
- Models/parts manufactured by smart manufacturing technology have good accuracy and surface finish
- Using good-quality material accuracy is improved
- Provides satisfaction to the patient
9 Multimaterial implants, tools and devices with excellent strength
- Smart manufacturing technology uses multimaterials as input material
- Multimaterial-printed implants provide exact information such as defects in the bone of the patient
- These multimaterial medical models help the surgeon for a better understanding of the patient- specific problem before surgery
10 Provide flexibility - Industry 4.0 provides excellent flexibility during a complicated surgery
- Traces the cause of diseases by predicting data of different patients
- Flexibility to create industrial parts, medical models, cultural artefacts and also other dental models
- Industry 4.0 provides essential direction for the research and development of personalised prostheses and other implants/ devices.
- Industry 4.0 helps to efficiently manufacture a prototype, and this prototype is to be tested and used for research & development purposes
12 Precise for surgeons - Medical parts and components manufactured by this process performed precise surgery because smart manufacturing system produces an exact fit model.
- Easy handling of different complex cases
- Medical model manufactured by smart manufacturing systems can improve the communication between doctor/surgeon and patient.
- Doctors and surgeons can better understand the treatment outcomes and provide appropriate information to the patient
- Industry 4.0 uses sensors and innovative manufacturing technology which has the potential to reduce the surgery risk
- Quickly identifies the problems for complicated cases
- Performs surgery efficiently which increases the success rate of operatio
- Industry 4.0 is famous because of the customisation, which can manufacture any shape implant
- Reduces inventory cost because implants are produced as per the individual demand
- By the use of digitisation, it also reduces the paperwork because patient data are stored digitally
16 Identifies the level of diseases
- By the use of different scanning process and technique, patient data are used efficiently
- Helpful to identify different diseases and their causes by taking data from various patients
- Also helpful to identify the level of diseases
17 Holography - Industry 4.0 uses holography to display medical data of the whole patient in a three-dimensional tomographic image
- Doctors can see patient data in multiangular view without the presence of the patient
- Holography is an emerging and powerful tool for medical applications used in orthopaedics, pathology,tissue, dentistry, ophthalmology, otology, urology and cardiology
18 Virtual reality - In medical, virtual reality can provide needful information to doctors and patients
- Provides a 3D view of the patient's data
- Improves the quality of surgical planning
- Reduces planning time of complicated surgery
- Provides surgical skills to surgeons using simulation and investigates each organ of the human body in a better way
- Easily monitors the whole treatment process of the patient by recording all data
- Helps to monitor and avoid public health problem with the help of different medical devices and technologies
- Increases the quality of medical treatment with optimised management cost
The integration of innovative technologies in management systems is transforming the medical field, fostering a competitive edge through the implementation of Industry 4.0 This revolution enhances patient care by utilizing data analysis from sensors and IoT, enabling precise medical imaging and surgical procedures Additionally, it simplifies the management of complex cases through digitally controlled services Industry 4.0 also promotes new research and development in healthcare, including efficient recycling of medical waste, contributing to environmental sustainability Overall, these advancements significantly improve services for both patients and healthcare professionals.
Recent publications in journals and academic sources highlight the impact of Industry 4.0 in the medical field, with notable contributions from the Communications in Computer and Information Science and Lecture Notes in Computer Science Key journals such as Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, and the Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering have each published significant articles on this topic Research indicates that the computer science domain leads with 31% of total publications, followed by engineering at 25%, and decision sciences and mathematics at 11% each Other contributing fields include business management (6%), materials science (4%), and various disciplines such as biochemistry and psychology (2% and 10% respectively) Analysis of Scopus data reveals a growing trend in Industry 4.0 research within the medical sector, indicating advancements towards commercially viable solutions.
Industry 4.0 is revolutionizing the medical field by enabling the design and manufacturing of customized medical implants and devices tailored to individual patient needs This innovative approach enhances the efficiency of complex medical implant production, allowing surgeons to minimize risks while transforming ideas into reality By facilitating cost-effective and time-saving solutions, Industry 4.0 fosters the development of new medical products that support research and development It improves communication between doctors and patients through smart industrial models, utilizing advanced technologies such as holography and virtual reality to analyze patient data and enhance overall performance In the future, Industry 4.0 will drive mass production systems and world-class manufacturing, leading to the creation of smarter medical products at reduced costs and timeframes This transformation will not only change patient management and treatment systems but also enable medical students to be trained in problem detection and correlation Additionally, the integration of smart technologies will allow for the collection and analysis of patient data, addressing challenges related to price, speed, and complexity in healthcare Hospitals will adapt their procurement strategies, leveraging innovative devices to monitor caloric intake and pave the way for treating conditions like diabetes, asthma, and arthritis.
Industry 4.0 strongly encourages smart manufacturing and in-formation system by which medical field can take significant advantage of this new revolution.
The advancement of medical devices and components through cutting-edge manufacturing techniques is crucial for meeting patient demands By implementing a digitally controlled management system, the medical field can enhance overall performance and effectively adopt mass customization to satisfy primary requirements This revolution significantly reduces material waste and human effort, positively impacting the environment through advanced manufacturing facilities Technologies such as additive manufacturing, sensors, holography, robotics, AI, big data, and IoT devices enable precise surgical procedures Industry 4.0 fosters innovation through holography and virtual reality, allowing doctors and surgeons to leverage these advancements for improved research, development, and patient care In the coming years, we can expect disruptive innovations that will transform the medical field.
Overview of healthcare system in Vietnam
The Vietnamese health care system is structured across four administrative levels: central, provincial, district, and commune At the central level, there are 21 health facilities, including the Ministry of Health, which oversees 64 provincial health departments, 622 district health departments, and 10,917 commune health centers (CHCs) The Ministry of Health serves as the primary governmental agency responsible for health care and protection, tasked with issuing laws and legal documents, as well as developing long-term strategies for the health sector Provincial, district, and commune health facilities operate under the Ministry's management, focusing on the implementation and enhancement of health care services at their respective levels.
The people's committee is tasked with allocating financial and human resources, while provincial and district health departments oversee the professional monitoring and support for health care services Commune health centers offer essential services, including maternal and child health care, family planning, and immunizations Despite the establishment of a comprehensive network of health centers over the past thirty years, many remote areas still lack adequate health services due to geographic challenges and a shortage of health workers While the public health system is well-established, many patients prefer private health facilities for their perceived accessibility, despite evidence suggesting that public services offer better quality care This situation highlights the need for a robust management system to monitor health care quality, particularly in the private sector, ensuring equitable access to services Furthermore, the current reliance on paper-based health management information systems hampers effective data analysis and reporting, making it challenging for health managers to make informed decisions.
A comprehensive and computerized health management information system is essential for all healthcare facilities at every level This system will enhance the administration and planning of the healthcare system, ensuring better service delivery and efficiency.
OPPORTUNITIES OF INDUSTRY 4.O FOR HEALTHCARE
Vietnam under Industry 4.0
Vietnam's significant potential in IT and high smartphone penetration are crucial for developing its digital economy However, there is an urgent need for a national strategy for Industry 4.0 and robust policies to support the business community in adopting IT solutions To harness the opportunities presented by Industry 4.0, Vietnam requires a comprehensive legal framework Despite discussions around the digital economy, there have been minimal specific policies or actions to foster its growth, particularly in areas like e-government, e-tourism, and e-healthcare, which have seen ineffective implementation The gap between policy and action remains a challenge, as the country has yet to fully capitalize on its immense potential in the digital economy, which is fundamentally based on digital computing technologies.
Vietnam's digital economy is experiencing rapid growth, leading to significant transformations in business practices With its vast potential, Vietnam is well-positioned to capitalize on this digital shift Google and Singapore's Temasek valued the country's digital market at $3 billion in 2015, increasing to $9 billion in 2018, and projected it to reach $30 billion by 2025 Additionally, a study by Data 61 indicates that Vietnam's GDP could increase by an impressive $162 billion as a result of this digital expansion.
Vietnam has made significant strides in digital transformation over the past 20 years, positioning itself as a leader in Southeast Asia With a population nearing 100 million, the country boasts over 136 million mobile phone subscribers and 54.2% of its citizens connected to broadband Internet As one of the top 17 nations globally in terms of Internet users, Vietnam's government is focused on establishing the nation as one of the world's top 10 producers of software and digital content.
We think this target will be easily reached thanks to Vietnam’s strong telecommunications industry.
Vietnam's online advertising and e-commerce sectors are experiencing robust growth The Vietnam E-Commerce Association estimates that the country's e-commerce market currently exceeds $5 billion, with the potential to double within the next four years Furthermore, the Internet's influence on the economy is projected to be equivalent to 2%.
3 per cent of the GDP, which may increase to 40-50 per cent in the future.
At a recent workshop in Hanoi, Quint Simon, head of Public Policy in Southeast Asia at Amazon Web Services (AWS), revealed that Vietnam is experiencing a remarkable 64% annual growth in cloud computing spending, positioning it among the fastest-growing nations in this sector Simon emphasized the importance of cloud computing for businesses in Vietnam, highlighting its ability to safeguard information from theft He cited Amanotes, a rapidly growing app publisher with hundreds of millions of users, as an example of a Vietnamese company leveraging cloud technology Additionally, he mentioned Masan's use of cloud solutions to manage its stores, indicating a significant trend among Vietnamese enterprises seeking support for cloud applications.
Deputy Minister Thang said that in order for Vietnam to seize opportunities and facilitate enterprises to benefit from Industry 4.0, the Ministry of Planning and
The Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) is developing a national strategy for Industry 4.0 to define the digital economy and outline specific responsibilities for various ministries and agencies This strategy aims to capitalize on the opportunities presented by Industry 4.0, boost Vietnam's GDP and employment rates, and attract high-quality foreign direct investment Nguyen Thi Tue Anh, vice head of the MPI’s Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), emphasized that while Vietnam is prepared to embrace new technologies, it will need to adapt numerous policies to align with Industry 4.0.
The CIEM's study predicts that Industry 4.0 could boost Vietnam's GDP by $28.5-62.1 billion, translating to a growth of 7-16% by 2030 Deputy Chief Dang Quang Vinh emphasized that the advantages for Vietnam would significantly surpass those from the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, which is expected to increase GDP by only 1.32% by 2035 Additionally, Industry 4.0 could create 1.3-3.1 million new jobs by 2030, but these benefits hinge on the implementation of robust policies supporting the business community The CIEM notes that adopting medium-level technologies could lead to substantial growth in key sectors, including a 16% increase in manufacturing by 2030.
(20 per cent or $9.5 billion), agro- forestry-fishery (12 per cent or $6 billion), supply of electricity, gas, and air conditioning (23 per cent), and finance-banking-insurance
Vietnam's adoption of Industry 4.0 is projected to significantly boost its economy, with the manufacturing sector potentially increasing by $7-14 billion due to new technology applications The communications and industry sector is expected to see a remarkable 77% growth, adding $2.5 billion compared to scenarios without these advancements According to the CIEM, emerging industries such as the Internet of Things and media will drive Vietnam's growth, enhancing competitiveness and revenue across various sectors, while e-commerce alone is anticipated to generate $40 billion in revenue.
By 2030, significant investments are projected in various sectors, including Artificial Intelligence ($420 million), data analysis ($730 million), cloud computing ($2.2 billion), ride-hailing ($2.2 billion), and fintech ($1.5 billion) In response to these advancements, numerous countries are formulating their Fourth Industrial Revolution strategies, such as China's "Made in China 2025," Japan's "Resuscitation Strategy," Malaysia's "My-i4.0," Singapore's comprehensive digital transformation plans, India's "Smart City Mission" and "Industry 4.0 Centre," Indonesia's "Making Indonesia 4.0," and Thailand's "Thailand 4.0."
According to a CIEM study, Industry 4.0 presents significant opportunities for Vietnam, which must be seized to avoid falling behind other countries Embracing Industry 4.0 is the fastest route for Vietnam to evolve into a modern, prosperous nation and achieve rapid industrial development Therefore, it is essential for the country to mobilize all necessary resources to effectively implement its Industry 4.0 strategy.
At the Vietnam Private Sector Economic Forum 2019, CIEM deputy director Nguyen Duc Hieu highlighted the challenges of establishing a robust legal framework for the digital economy, particularly regarding liability in incidents involving autonomous vehicles Minister of Information and Communications Nguyen Manh Hung emphasized the need for Vietnam to embrace new technologies and global talent to foster a vibrant digital economy, which could lead to the creation of exportable digital products He stressed that without innovation and merely following other nations, Vietnam would struggle to generate high-value products To support this growth, Hung outlined the necessity for a strong ICT infrastructure, including widespread 5G technology and smartphone ownership, alongside competitive internet services Additionally, he called for effective policies to stimulate the digital economy and urged the government to invest in IT products and e-government initiatives to cultivate a favorable market for IT enterprises.
“Finally, human resources training needs a boost in foreign languages and IT education in schools and universities.”
Healthcare digital technology in Vietnam
2.2.1 Vietnam proposes the route of making hospitals intelligent
The Ministry of Health has announced a strategic plan to digitize patient records in hospitals and establish smart hospitals, as discussed at a conference in Ho Chi Minh City on Wednesday, according to Assoc Prof Dr Pham Le Tuan, a former Deputy Minister of Health.
The smart hospital approach is essential in Vietnam for enhancing healthcare quality, customer satisfaction, and efficient hospital management The fourth industrial revolution is transforming various sectors, including healthcare, through advanced technologies like AI, IoT, and big data, which facilitate effective medical management and professional work Many Vietnamese hospitals have implemented health information technologies such as electronic medical records and telemedicine, and a nationwide data-sharing system for health insurance treatments has been established Health data, a crucial asset for medical science, requires strategic management due to its complexity and growing volume Nguyen The Dung from the Vietnam Health Economics Association emphasizes that global digitization is revolutionizing healthcare, making hospitals increasingly intelligent through digital technologies Professor Vo Van Toi from the International University highlights telemedicine as a viable solution for smart healthcare, particularly in low- and middle-income nations His institution has developed IoT solutions for healthcare, including home-use devices for monitoring vital signs, apps for family and physician notifications, and data analysis software A clinical trial of this system was supported by the Binh Duong Province Department of Health The 1st International Health Informatics Conference, organized by VHEA and the University of Technology, offered hospital managers a platform to explore strategies for creating smarter hospitals.
2.2.2 Health ID issued to citizens
Each Vietnamese citizen will receive a unique health ID card for lifelong use, as announced by the Ministry of Health This ID, generated through the ministry's identification system, will consist of a series of characters, with the first ten being unique to each individual, based on personal information such as name, year of birth, and place of birth Healthcare facilities will have access to the national health identification system, and if not connected, staff can retrieve patient details online The health IDs will facilitate the creation and connection of nationwide health reports, while facilities are tasked with managing these IDs and ensuring the security of personal information The national health identification system is housed at the healthcare data center under the Information Technology Department of the health ministry and is linked with the social security scheme database.
2.2.3 Digitalisation of healthcare feild, double-edged sword
The digitisation of the healthcare sector is crucial for enhancing patient care, yet it poses significant risks from cybercriminals, necessitating robust security measures for patient information In Vietnam, advancements in technologies like 4G, 5G, IoT, and AI are transforming healthcare, with organizations increasingly adopting digital solutions to share patients' medical records for more comprehensive care Smart devices now streamline traditional tasks, automatically integrating vital sign measurements into medical records The ability to perform remote surgeries, as demonstrated by a recent operation in China, highlights the potential of digital health This shift not only improves care quality and accelerates medical advancements but also addresses rising healthcare costs The Vietnamese Government is actively promoting digital health initiatives, aiming for complete digitisation of medical records by 2030 With its growing economy and health-conscious population, Vietnam presents an ideal landscape for digital health solutions However, experts warn that as hospitals begin their digital transformation, they face an increase in cyberattacks targeting the sector.
The healthcare sector meticulously tracks individuals' medical histories and personal information, including genetic conditions inherited from parents, making this data incredibly valuable—sometimes even more than a bank card Unfortunately, the industry is less secure than banking and finance, which raises significant concerns about cybersecurity Experts emphasize that breaches in healthcare can have life-or-death implications, particularly in emergency situations where critical patient information may become inaccessible The potential fallout from stolen healthcare records is severe, as such sensitive data can be sold on the dark web, leading to exploitation by cybercriminals and causing immense trauma for patients To combat these threats, it is crucial to enhance security awareness not only among IT professionals but also among all healthcare personnel, including doctors and nurses.
Many hospitals lack chief security information officers, highlighting the need for the healthcare sector to enhance human resources dedicated to cybersecurity Given the critical nature of healthcare, both public and private hospitals must prioritize the development of regulations to combat increasing cyber threats.
2.2.4 Affairs on high-teach healthcare complex beginning in Hanoi
The first phase of a hi-tech healthcare complex, expected to cost more than 1 billion USD, kicked off in Hanoi’s outskirt Dong Anh district on October 14.
On October 14, the first phase of a hi-tech healthcare complex, costing over $1 billion, was launched in Dong Anh district, Hanoi Spanning 40 hectares, the complex, developed by TH Group, will be completed in two stages, with the first phase providing 300 beds by the second quarter of 2022 and the second phase expected to increase capacity to 1,000 beds by 2025 The TH Medical complex will feature an e-prevention center, an international hospital, a wellness and rehabilitation center, an international R&D center, and a geriatric center and nursing home Hanoi People’s Committee Chairman Nguyen Duc Chung emphasized the project's importance in enhancing local healthcare services and assured city support for its implementation Additionally, TH Group signed a cooperation agreement with Keio University and Keio Hospital of Japan for project management and personnel exchange According to the Ministry of Health, healthcare spending in Vietnam constitutes about 7% of the annual GDP, with nearly $2 billion spent on overseas medical treatments.
Doctor Anywhere partners with ViettelPay, part of Vietnam's largest mobile network operator Viettel, to become the 1st telco and payment gateway to provide online healthcare services
HANOI, Vietnam, Oct 21, 2019 /PRNewswire/ Doctor Anywhere (DA) and ViettelPay have formed a strategic partnership to provide comprehensive online healthcare services to over 6 million ViettelPay users in Vietnam This collaboration allows ViettelPay customers to connect with locally-registered doctors through Doctor Anywhere's virtual clinic and access various wellness services via the ViettelPay App Users can conveniently make payments for consultations, medications, and services directly through the app This innovative agreement positions ViettelPay as the first telecom and payment gateway in Vietnam to integrate online healthcare services, significantly enhancing the country's healthcare ecosystem With Viettel's extensive network, individuals in remote areas will gain access to quality healthcare and seamless payment options through ViettelPay's digital platform.
Mr Pham Trung Kien, General Director of ViettelPay, expressed optimism about the partnership with Doctor Anywhere, emphasizing that it will enhance access to reliable healthcare services in Vietnam With a smartphone penetration rate of 84% in a population of 96 million, ViettelPay users can easily download the app to access a variety of healthcare services anytime, anywhere This initiative aims to alleviate the pressure on public healthcare and improve the quality of care for the Vietnamese population, with services expected to launch on the ViettelPay App in early 2020 Mr Lim Wai Mun, Founder and CEO of Doctor Anywhere, highlighted the excitement for this collaboration, believing it will contribute to a more robust and sustainable healthcare ecosystem in Vietnam and the region Doctor Anywhere, headquartered in Singapore, is a tech-led healthcare company that connects users with a network of healthcare providers and experienced doctors through its digital platform.
Hospital digitalization
Digital Transformation in Healthcare Trends
Digital transformation in healthcare is revolutionizing the industry by leveraging technology to enhance patient care and streamline medical practices Key innovations such as telemedicine, AI-driven medical devices, and blockchain electronic health records are driving this change, aiming to optimize workflows, improve patient outcomes, and reduce costs Despite the healthcare sector lagging behind other industries—only 7% of healthcare companies have fully embraced digital strategies compared to 15% in other fields—the U.S healthcare market remains vast, with national health spending expected to reach $5.7 trillion by 2026 To thrive in this evolving landscape, healthcare professionals must adapt to digital technologies that enable better treatments through virtual reality, wearable devices, telehealth, and advanced mobile connectivity Understanding the current state of digital transformation is essential for practices looking to succeed in 2020 and beyond.
2.3.1.1 Increase of healthcare on demand
The concept of 'on-demand' reflects consumers' desire for convenience, seeking services at their own pace and location As the healthcare industry embraces digital innovation, patients increasingly demand on-demand healthcare to accommodate their busy lifestyles Mobile accessibility is crucial for effective content marketing, especially given the significant shift towards mobile usage; recent statistics indicate that over 50% of global web browsing now occurs on mobile devices.
In 2018, 52% of content marketing success hinged on identifying where targeted consumers congregate, particularly on mobile platforms, as 77% of U.S residents own smartphones By 2019, global mobile phone users were projected to exceed five billion, highlighting the vast potential of digital transformation in healthcare, especially with over four billion people online worldwide.
According to DMN3, consumers are going online to obtain medical information for the following reasons:
• 38% research hospital and medical facilities
But on-demand healthcare is also driven by the growth of the ‘gig’ economy, in which freelance professionals in various industries hire themselves out per job or
The rise of gig work in healthcare allows physicians to connect directly with medical facilities for short-term assignments, exemplified by platforms like Nomad Health This online marketplace empowers doctors to offer on-demand healthcare services tailored to their skills and availability, effectively transforming them into flexible healthcare providers This shift not only addresses the evolving needs of patients but also highlights the positive impact of digital transformation within the healthcare sector.
2.3.1.2Mobile application technology is personalized
A decade ago, visiting a hospital often meant encountering a dull and monotonous waiting hall filled with long queues, desperate patients eager to see the doctor, and gloomy faces reflecting their ailments.
Mobile apps are revolutionizing the healthcare industry by enabling doctors and healthcare professionals to respond swiftly to medical emergencies and enhance patient services These applications have become essential in medical practices, facilitating tasks such as e-prescriptions, accessing blood reports, and monitoring patient recovery on the go The adoption of mobile and tablet health apps has surged, rising from 13% in 2014 to 48% today, reflecting consumer demand for digital health solutions British start-up Babylon Health is at the forefront of this trend, partnering with the NHS and private provider Bupa, and expanding its reach in China with over 1.4 million members across Europe, Asia, and Africa Through collaboration with Tencent, Babylon's AI system allows for direct interaction with users, illness identification, health assessments, and necessary triage actions, making the app accessible to over a billion users and connected to more than 38,000 medical facilities in China.
Voice search has emerged as a powerful healthcare marketing strategy since the launch of smart devices like Amazon's Echo in 2014 Its growing popularity worldwide highlights its effectiveness in reaching audiences, making it an essential tool for the healthcare industry.
As of 2018, 20% of Google searches were conducted via voice, highlighting a significant trend in consumer behavior, with 6 out of 10 Americans owning a smart speaker and 40% of adults engaging in daily voice searches This shift is particularly relevant for the healthcare industry, where access to services is often localized, as most individuals seek healthcare options near their homes or workplaces With 1 in 5 people using voice search to explore healthcare alternatives, it is crucial for marketers to optimize their campaigns and landing pages for voice queries The increasing adoption of smart speakers and voice assistants like Siri, Google Now, and Cortana presents a unique opportunity for healthcare executives to enhance their outreach strategies in 2019 and beyond.
2.3.1.2.2 Development of wearable medical devices
The digital transformation in healthcare is marked by companies increasingly collecting health data through wearable technology Unlike the past, when patients were content with annual check-ups and only sought medical attention when issues arose, today's patients prioritize prevention and regular health monitoring This shift has prompted healthcare companies to invest in wearable devices that enable continuous monitoring of high-risk patients, helping to assess the likelihood of significant health events.
Some of the most common of these devices include:
• Sweat meters – used for diabetics
In 2018, a groundbreaking study published in Annals of Oncology revealed that AI could outperform doctors in detecting skin cancer, although it was based on dermoscopic images rather than actual patients This research marks a significant milestone in leveraging AI for the detection and prevention of life-threatening diseases AI technology can effectively reduce and mitigate the risk of preventable medical scenarios through three essential approaches.
• Automate reminders – Great for helping patients take medication within a specific timeframe.
Identifying individuals at high risk is crucial for timely medical intervention, allowing healthcare professionals to receive alerts and develop personalized care plans IBM Watson is currently testing this approach in addressing opioid addiction, showcasing the potential for technology to enhance patient care and improve outcomes.
• Deliver personalized dosage recommendations – Based on each patient’s unique body chemistry and associated environmental factors.
The European Union is set to invest $24 into artificial intelligence (AI) by
In 2020, in an effort to compete with Asia and the US, which have made significant investments in AI and cloud services, Google announced its strategy to leverage AI and machine learning across various consumer technologies, with a strong focus on the healthcare sector.
AI is poised to transform healthcare significantly, but it must navigate existing regulations According to Google CEO Sundar Pichai, this is a crucial area where AI's benefits will be realized over the next 10 to 20 years Therefore, it is essential to prioritize AI as a key health technology in 2019, as its growth shows no signs of slowing down.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare, attracting significant investment as it transcends mere digital transformation While many associate AI in medicine with robotic nurses like Japan's, American innovations such as Moxi are enhancing nurse efficiency by handling routine tasks Patients are increasingly interacting with AI through chatbots and virtual health assistants, which serve diverse functions from customer service to diagnostics The true potential of AI shines in precision medicine, medical imaging, drug discovery, and genomics For instance, AI enables personalized cancer treatments by analyzing patients' genetic profiles and lifestyle, moving away from one-size-fits-all approaches Additionally, AI enhances medical imaging by assisting radiologists in detecting subtle details and is streamlining drug development for pharmaceutical companies through machine learning algorithms.
AI can slash early drug discovery timelines by four years against the industry average, and generate cost savings of 60 percent.
Blockchain technology in healthcare extends beyond its association with cryptocurrencies like bitcoin; it offers a revolutionary approach to digital record-keeping through a secure and transparent transaction ledger that is resistant to tampering As healthcare organizations increasingly adopt blockchain, significant opportunities arise in areas such as claims processing from payers and enhancing the exchange of patient information among providers This technology is poised to transform productivity and operational efficiency within healthcare systems Experts, despite their skepticism about bitcoin, believe that blockchain has the potential to fundamentally reshape various sectors, including digital healthcare marketing, and promises to improve electronic health records significantly.
Opportunity of utilizing big data in healthcare
Big data aggregates information about a business through formats such as social media, ecommerce, online transactions, and financial transactions, and identifies patterns and trends for future use.
For the healthcare industry, big data can provide several important benefits, including:
Implementing software for patient record analysis significantly reduces medication errors by identifying inconsistencies between a patient's health status and their prescriptions This proactive approach alerts both healthcare professionals and patients to potential risks, ensuring safer medication management.
Frequent flyers, or recurring patients, make up nearly 28% of emergency room visits, highlighting the need for improved preventive care By utilizing big data analysis, healthcare providers can identify these individuals and develop tailored preventive plans, ultimately reducing their return visits and enhancing overall patient care.
Big data's predictive analysis enables hospitals and clinics to more accurately forecast future admission rates, allowing them to allocate the right amount of staff to manage patient care effectively This strategic staffing not only saves costs but also minimizes emergency room wait times, addressing the challenges posed by understaffed facilities.
Healthcare and pharmaceutical companies should prioritize data organization and invest in analytics experts to identify weaknesses and enhance market understanding In the ever-evolving pharmaceutical landscape, leveraging big data provides a significant advantage by informing product iteration and budget allocation based on current and anticipated demand A comprehensive market grasp enables marketing and sales teams to effectively identify ideal consumers Creating a customer persona, which aggregates demographic information and insights into prospects' needs and preferences, is essential for targeting the right platforms and reaching the intended audience.
2.4.1 Benefits of Cloud computing for healthcare
Organizations are increasingly migrating their data to cloud or hybrid servers, driven by significant benefits such as reduced operational costs and maintenance of data centers This shift allows them to harness the advantages of big data without the associated expenses Although cloud computing has existed for some time, its adoption has surged recently, particularly in the evolving healthcare sector The hands-off nature of cloud services is particularly advantageous, as service providers manage not only the hardware but also the security of sensitive healthcare information, which is crucial Beyond these benefits, cloud computing offers numerous advantages to the healthcare and medical industry, including enhanced data accessibility, improved collaboration, scalability, and cost efficiency Here are the top six advantages of cloud computing in healthcare.
The healthcare industry generates vast amounts of data, necessitating significant storage capacity that continues to expand as data volumes increase Cloud computing solutions offer a crucial advantage by allowing service providers to manage these growing storage requirements, relieving healthcare organizations from the burden As a result, healthcare providers can access near-unlimited storage capacity for essential content and information, ensuring efficient data management and compliance with evolving needs.
Cloud computing offers virtually unlimited storage and exceptional scalability, which is crucial for the healthcare industry that experiences fluctuating demand during busy and slow seasons This subscription-based model allows healthcare providers to effortlessly adjust their computing resources as needed, enabling instant scaling without operational stress Consequently, cloud computing empowers organizations to align their operations with market conditions and seasonal demands efficiently.
Cloud-based data and digital content offer seamless access from any location and allow multiple users to connect simultaneously, enhancing collaboration and sharing experiences This capability is particularly vital in the healthcare industry, where doctors and healthcare professionals need to securely share patient information and records with one another.
Analog methods depend on paper records that lack security and hinder collaboration In contrast, cloud computing offers a secure and efficient way to share data, allowing easy access for patients and insurance providers.
Many people mistakenly believe that cloud computing is less secure than traditional methods While there are inherent risks, cloud providers typically offer stronger security measures due to their expertise in data management These providers possess the knowledge, experience, and resources necessary to effectively safeguard data Additionally, they can invest more in local information security teams and advanced tools, resulting in enhanced protection for users' information.
2.4.1.5.Accessing AI and Machine Learning
Human analysts face challenges in analyzing vast amounts of digital content, but machine learning and artificial intelligence provide effective solutions The healthcare sector can significantly benefit from these technologies, which can extract valuable insights from extensive data For instance, Kensci, a company based in Seattle, utilizes machine learning to forecast illness and treatment trends, while Path AI employs technology to assist pathologists in delivering faster and more precise diagnoses.
The availability of remote data and computing power allows healthcare systems to be accessed from any internet-enabled platform, including mobile devices This broadens the scope of remote care opportunities, enabling doctors, nurses, and health practitioners to monitor patient events and deliver care globally As a result, healthcare providers can offer more accurate and extensive care, exemplified by an on-site doctor remotely monitoring all of their patients' vital signs while attending to others.
Telehealth is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling specialists to perform procedures remotely using advanced conferencing technologies This innovative approach allows healthcare providers to leverage cloud computing solutions, which offer significant cost savings by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance With cloud computing, providers benefit from unlimited storage, enhanced scalability, improved security, and opportunities for collaboration, as well as access to machine learning and AI capabilities Additionally, it ensures increased uptime, streamlined IT services, and optimized accessibility during emergencies, making cloud computing an essential advancement in the healthcare industry.
2.4.1.7 Advantages of data orientation for medical insurance
One of the most transformative shifts emerging in healthcare is the rise of the
The concept of the 'quantified self' highlights the ongoing digitization of healthcare, which is transforming traditional systems into a more consumer-driven model This shift is facilitated by an interconnected ecosystem of health technologies, including wearables, telehealth, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality, all aimed at delivering personalized health services However, the health insurance sector has been slow to adopt these digital solutions, with many existing policies failing to address the unique needs of individuals Consequently, the global health insurance market has experienced declining growth rates, dropping from 9% in 2014.
2015 to 6–7% in subsequent years The industry needs consumer-centric insurance programs that incentivize individuals for adhering to healthy habits and lifestyles.
A Changing Paradigm: The Health Insurance Pioneers for Tech Adoption
Progressive private insurance companies worldwide are harnessing digital health solutions, such as wearables and health apps, to transform the health insurance market This technology adoption is steering them towards data-driven, incentive-based policies that enhance the personalized experience for policyholders while minimizing potential claims costs In 2018, leading global insurers launched or expanded programs to stay ahead in the digital transformation, including Prudential's partnership with Babylon Health in Asia, Discovery Group's Vitality program in Africa, Manulife and Sun Life's initiatives in Canada, and United Health Group's Motion Program with Qualcomm Life and Apple Smartwatch, along with Cigna's Healthy Babies program in the United States.
Where We Are Headed and Impact
Strengthening healthcare sociallization
Economic advancement is insufficient on its own; a thriving society requires active participation and a sense of belonging for all individuals Central to this vision is the importance of health and wellbeing, which play a crucial role in fostering community engagement Significant improvements in our health outcomes can largely be attributed to advancements within the formal health sector.
The improvement of health and wellbeing is influenced by various factors, including clean air and water, better housing, safer roads, and food, as well as efforts to combat poverty and inequality It is crucial for all sectors to recognize their role in promoting health, as modern lifestyles contribute to the emergence of new health issues Without significant changes, we risk an unhealthy and expensive future, highlighting the need for a collaborative approach beyond the health sector to effectively address these challenges.
Healthy Vietnam aims to create a healthier and more prosperous nation by uniting individuals and organizations across the country in a national movement focused on enhancing health and wellbeing This framework involves collaboration among government departments, local authorities, public bodies, businesses, employers, sports organizations, voluntary groups, communities, and families, all working together towards a common goal of improved health for all.
Healthy Vietnam aims to establish cohesive policies and sustainable cooperative actions for health and well-being By the end of this year, we will develop metrics to ensure we are achieving our desired progress.
The Government of Vietnam is dedicated to promoting health through the Healthy Vietnam initiative, and we invite leaders from all sectors to collaborate with us By uniting our efforts, we can significantly advance the goal of creating a healthier nation for all Vietnamese citizens.
Vietnam's current health status is marked by lifestyle trends and health inequalities that threaten to create an unsustainable future To establish an accessible and equitable health service, it is essential to foster an environment that encourages healthier lifestyles for individuals and families Global evidence demonstrates that achieving significant improvements in health and well-being requires the collective effort of the entire community, government, and society working together harmoniously.
Healthy Vietnam builds on existing policies while introducing new strategies to foster effective collaboration among government, the health system, and relevant sectors This initiative emphasizes the importance of each sector contributing to the improvement of health and wellbeing, enhancing both efforts and outcomes Numerous individuals, organizations, and government departments played vital roles in shaping Healthy Vietnam through consultations, working groups, and meetings during the development phase Their extensive background research, analyses, and feedback on draft frameworks demonstrate a collective commitment to addressing health risks and striving for a healthier, fairer Vietnam.
Health is a vital personal, social, and economic asset, making the wellbeing of individuals and the population Vietnam's most valuable resource A healthy population enables individuals to reach their full potential, fosters job creation, supports economic recovery, and protects vulnerable members of society The government prioritizes improving national health and wellbeing, requiring active participation from all sectors Health issues not only affect individuals but also have widespread implications for society Fortunately, Vietnam has seen a decrease in mortality rates and an increase in life expectancy, highlighting progress in public health.
Rising obesity, diabetes, and physical inactivity pose significant risks to health improvements in Ireland, mirroring concerns in other developed nations These adverse trends are projected to lead to increased chronic diseases, heightened health risks, widening health inequalities, and challenges in accessing necessary care Without intervention, Vietnam faces a future marked by escalating health issues and soaring costs To combat these negative health trends and safeguard the nation's health and economic recovery, immediate action is essential, as exemplified by the Healthy Vietnam initiative, which aims to address these pressing challenges.
The Healthy Vietnam Framework aims to enhance the health and wellbeing of the Vietnamese population over the next generation by establishing four key goals and outlining actionable strategies for broad societal involvement It builds on existing policies while introducing new collaborative arrangements to facilitate effective cooperation and implement evidence-based initiatives across government, sectors, communities, and local levels The framework emphasizes the importance of each sector's contribution to improving health and wellbeing, thereby amplifying efforts and achieving superior outcomes.
A Healthy Vietnam aims to ensure that everyone can achieve optimal physical and mental health, recognizing that wellbeing is a collective responsibility supported at all societal levels This initiative seeks to create measurable improvements in health by addressing the various determinants that impact wellbeing, including economic status, education, housing, and the surrounding environment Additionally, it acknowledges the influence of government policies and individual lifestyle choices on health outcomes To foster a healthier Vietnam, a collaborative approach is essential, engaging all sectors of society and leveraging the creativity and expertise of those dedicated to promoting health and wellbeing Together, we can transform Vietnam into a vibrant place to live, work, and play.
Goal 1: Increase the proportion of people who are healthy at all stages of life This means addressing risk factors and promoting protective factors at every stage of life – from pre-natal, through early childhood, adolescence, adulthood and into old age, to support lifelong health and wellbeing.
Health and wellbeing in Vietnam are unevenly distributed, necessitating targeted interventions for specific health risks while also addressing the broader social determinants of health This involves improving the conditions in which individuals are born, grow, live, work, and age, ultimately aiming to create supportive economic, social, cultural, and physical environments that promote healthy living.
Goal 3: Protect the public from threats to health and wellbeing
Healthy Vietnam aims to implement effective strategies and interventions to safeguard public health against emerging threats Collaborative efforts are essential for preventing, responding to, and swiftly recovering from public health challenges, ensuring the protection and security of the nation's health.
Goal 4: Create an environment where every individual and sector of society can play their part in achieving a healthy Vietnam
Promoting health and wellbeing across society requires collective effort rather than reliance on a single government department or organization Effective health promotion involves active participation from individuals making healthy lifestyle choices, community projects, and significant policy changes at the highest government levels.
Healthy Vietnam, whilst guided by a clear vision, is very much outcomes driven, with targeted actions grouped under six broad themes:
• Partnerships and Cross-Sectoral Work