tổng hợp các chuyên đề trong tiếng anh

Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả năng lực của con người Ví dụ: He plays badminton very well Thì hiện tại đơn còn diễn tả một kế hoạch sắp xếp trước trong tương lai hoặc thời khoá biểu, đặc biệt

Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên

Ví dụ: The sun ries in the East

Tom comes from England

Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại

Ví dụ: Mary often goes to school by bicycle

I get up early every morning

Lưu ý: ta thêm "es" sau các động từ tận cùng là: O, S, X, CH, SH

Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả năng lực của con người

Ví dụ: He plays badminton very well

Thì hiện tại đơn còn diễn tả một kế hoạch sắp xếp trước trong tương lai hoặc thời khoá biểu, đặc biệt dùngvới các động từ di chuyển

1

2 THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN - PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Công thức

Khẳng định: S + be (am/ is/ are) + V_ing + O

Phủ định: S + BE + NOT + V_ing + O

Nghi vấn: BE + S + V_ing + O

Từ nhận biết: Now, right now, at present, at the moment

Cách dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn

Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kẫo dài dài một thời gian ở hiện tại

Ex: The children are playing football now

Thì này cũng thường tiếp theo sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh

Ex: Look! the child is crying

Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room

Thì này còn diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra lặp đi lặp lại dùng với phó từ ALWAYS:

Ex: He is always borrowing our books and then he doesn't remember

-Thì này còn được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra (ở tương lai gần)

Ex: He is coming tomrow

Lưu ý: Không dùng thì này với các động từ chỉ nhận thức chi giác như: to be, see, hear, understand, know,

like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love hate, realize, seem, remmber, forget,

Ex: I am tired now

She wants to go for a walk at the moment

Do you understand your lesson?

3 THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH - PRESENT PERFECT

Khẳng định: S + have/ has + Past participle (V3) + O

Phủ định: S + have/ has + NOT + Past participle + O

Nghi vấn: have/ has + S + Past participle + O

Từ nhận biết: already, not yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recenthy, before

Cách dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra hoặc chưa bao giờ xảy ra ở 1 thời gian không xác định trong quá khứ

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành cũng diễn tả sự lập đi lập lại của 1 hành động trong quá khứ

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành cũng được dùng với since và for

Since + thời gian bắt đầu (1995, I was young, this morning etc.) Khi người nói dùng since, người nghe

phải tính thời gian là bao lâu

For + khoảng thời gian (từ lúc đầu tới bây giờ) Khi người nói dùng for, người nói phải tính thời gian là

bao lâu

4 THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Khẳng định: S has/have + been + V_ing + O

Phủ định: S + Hasn't/ Haven't + been+ V-ing + O

Nghi vấn: Has/HAve+ S+ been + V-ing + O?

Từ nhận biết: all day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day this week, recently, lately, in

the past week, in recent years, up until now, and so far

Cách dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ vàtiếp tục tới hiện tại (có thể tới tương lai)

5 THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN - SIMPLE PAST

When + thì quá khứ đơn (simple past)

When + hành động thứ nhất

6 THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN - PAST CONTINUOUS

Khẳng định: S + was/were + V_ing + O

Phủ định: S + wasn't/weren't + V-ing + O

Nghi vấn: Was/Were + S+ V-ing + O?

Từ nhận biết: While, at that very moment, at 10:00 last night, and this morning (afternoon)

Cách dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:

Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra cùng lúc Nhưng hành động thứ nhất đã xảy ra sớm hơn và đã đangtiếp tục xảy ra thì hành động thứ hai xảy ra

CHỦ TỪ + WERE/WAS + ÐỘNG TÙ THÊM - ING

While + thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (past progressive)

7 THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH - PAST PERFECT

Khẳng định: S + had + Past Participle (V3) + O

Phủ định: S + hadn't + Past Participle + O

Nghi vấn: Had + S + Past Participle + O?

Từ nhận biết: after, before, as soon as, by the time, when, already, just, since, for

Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành:

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả 1 hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ trước 1 hành động kháccũng xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ

8 THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Khẳng định: S + had + been + V_ing + O

Phủ định: S + hadn't + been+ V-ing + O

Nghi vấn: Had + S + been + V-ing + O?

Từ nhận biết: until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after

Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động đã đang xảy ra trong quákhứ và kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác xảy ra và cũng kết thúc trong quá khứ

9 THÌ TƯƠNG LAI - SIMPLE FUTURE

Khẳng định: S + shall/will + V(infinitive) + O

Phủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ V(infinitive) + O

Nghi vấn: shall/will + S + V(infinitive) + O?

Cách dùng thì tương lai:

Khi đoán (predict, guess), dùng will hoặc be going to

Khi chỉ dự định trước, dùng be going to không được dùng will

CHỦ TỪ + AM (IS/ARE) GOING TO + ÐỘNG TỪ (ở hiện tại: simple form)

Khi diễn tả sự tình nguyện hoặc sự sẵn sàng, dùng will không được dùng be going to

CHỦ TỪ + WILL + ÐỘNG TỪ (ở hiện tại: simple form)

10 THÌ TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN - FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Khẳng định: S + shall/will + be + V_ing+ O

Phủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O

Nghi vấn: shall/will +S+ be + V_ing+ O

Từ nhận biết: in the future, next year, next week, next time, and soon

Cách dùng thì tương lai tiếp diễn:

Thì tương lai tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở 1 thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai

CHỦ TỪ + WILL + BE + ÐỘNG TỪ THÊM -ING hoặc

CHỦ TỪ + BE GOING TO + BE + ÐỘNG TỪ THÊM -ING

11 THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH - FUTURE PERFECT

Khẳng định: S + shall/will + have + Past Participle

Phủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O

Nghi vấn: shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O?

Từ nhận biết: by the time and prior to the time (có nghĩa là before)

Cách dùng thì tương lai hoàn thành:

Thì tương lai hoàn thành diễn tả 1 hành động trong tương lai sẽ kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác trongtương lai

CHỦ TỪ + WILL + HAVE + QUÁ KHỨ PHÂN TỪ (PAST PARTICIPLE)

3

12 THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Khẳng định: S + shall/will + have been + V_ing + O

Phủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ have been + V_ing + O

Nghi vấn: shall/will + S+ have been + V_ing + O?

Cách dùng thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn:

Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động sẽ đang xảy ra trong tương lai và sẽ kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác trong tương lai

Khi chỉ dự định trước, dùng be going to không được dùng will

CHỦ TỪ + AM (IS/ARE) GOING TO + ÐỘNG TỪ (ở hiện tại: simple form)

Khi diễn tả sự tình nguyện hoặc sự sẵn sàng, dùng will không được dùng be going to

CHỦ TỪ + WILL + ÐỘNG TỪ (ở hiện tại: simple form)

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VERB- FORM (1) Name: ………

01 Mr Green always (go) to work by bus

02 It ( not/rain) in the dry season

03 They (have) lunch in the cafeteria now

04 My little sister ( drink) milk everyday

04 The doctor sometimes ( come) home late

06 He ( write) a novel at the moment?

07 Look! The bus ( come)

08 The earth (move) around the sun

09 Something (smell) good in the kitchen now

10 They often ( thank) me for what I do for them

11 His uncle ( teach) English in our school five years ago

12 They (not/go) to the movies last Sunday

13 You (find) my pen yesterday?

14 Where she (be) at 5 o’clock this morning?

15 It (take) me 5 minutes to walk to school last year

16 There (be) a lot of noise at the fair yesterday

17 They (give) me the letter a few minutes ago

18 There (be) an English class in this room tomorrow evening

19 I (take) my brother to the zoo tomorrow

20 You (stay) at home tonight?

21 My sister always (wash) her hands before meals

22 Hurry up! The rain (come) in

23 I hope it (not rain) when we start early tomorrow

24 Will you wait a minute while I (look) through the text?

25 An economic crisis often (follow) the war

26 Where you (spend) your holiday last year?

27 Where are you? – I’m upstairs I (have) a bath

28 If you (do) away, please write to me

29 If he (eat) another cake, he will be sick

30 If it is convenient, let’s (meet) at nine o’clock.

31 If he (take) my advice, everything can go well

32 What you (do) if she refuses your invitation?

33 You (be) ill if you drink that water.

34 If he (try) hard, he’ll pass the examination.

35 These plants will die if you (not water) them regularly.

36 If I (finish) the work in time, I (go) to the football game.

37 If you (see) Mary today, please (ask) her to call me.

38 My dog always wakes me up if he (hear) strange noise.

39 Jane (go) to England in 2001 and ( study) there for 3 years.

40 I don’t mind ( walk) but I prefer ( take) a taxi.

41 What (be) for dinner? It (smell) very delicious

42 Please ( not/ touch) anything before the police ( come)

43 Tom Baker (not come) here tomorrow

44 He often (say) O.K when he (talk) with the quests

45 I’m preparing to support anything he (say) tomorrow

46 Sometimes I (get) up before the sun (rise)

47 Don’t speak until someone (ask) you

48 When I (be) a child, I (want) to be a doctor

49 The last train (leave) the station at 5 p.m

5

50 He (go) to the English club every Sunday But last Sunday he (not go) there

VERB- FORM 2 Name: ……… Testing date:

01 At this time next week we ( visit) HaLong Bay

02 By the time you ( come) back tonight, I ( finish) all my homework

03 Don’t phone me after 7 tonight I ( have) dinner then

04 I am sure you ( forget) me by the time I ( come) back next year

05 What you ( do) at this time tomorrow? We ( have) an English lesson

06 By this time next year, I ( complete) two English courses

07 Mr Green always (go) to work by bus

08 It ( not/rain) in the dry season

09 They (have) lunch in the cafeteria now

10 My little sister ( drink) milk everyday

11 The doctor sometimes ( come) home late

12 He ( write) a novel at the moment?

13 Look! The bus ( come)

14 The earth (move) around the sun

15 Something (smell) good in the kitchen now

16 They often ( thank) me for what I do for them

17 His uncle ( teach) English in our school five years ago

18 The old man (fall) as he (get) into the bus

19 They (not/go) to the movies last Sunday

20 When I saw him, he (sit) asleep in a chair.

21 You (find) my pen yesterday?

22 Where she (be) at 5 o’clock this morning.

23 It (take) me 5 minutes to walk to school last year.

24 The lights (go) out when we (study) our lesson.

25 There (be) a lot of noise at the fair yesterday.

26 They (give) me the letter a few minutes ago.

27 They (not/speak) to each other since they (quarel)

28 I wonder where he (live) since then.

29 I (try) to learn English for years but I (not/succeed) yet.

30 You (already/ drink) three cups of tea since I (sit) here.

31 I (wait) here for her since 7 o’clock and she ( not/ come) yet.

32 My father (work) in this factory for many years.

33 John (do) his homework already.

34 I ( not/see) her since last week.

35 These students (learn) English for 4 years now.

36 By next September I (live) here for 20 years.

37 This time tomorrow we ( fly) to London My mother ( pack) our things now.

38 When we ( come) back home at 10 o’clock tonight, the children ( sleep).

39 I ( come ) to class late this morning When I (enter) the teacher (finish) going through the old lesson and ( write) something on the board.

40 I ( work) as a teacher of English for 20 years by 2015.

41 By the end of next year, we ( learn) English for 4 years.

42 What you (do) when your parents ( come) back tonight? I am not sure but I think I (do)

my homework.

43 They (sit) for their entrance exam at this time next week.

44 During the past few years, I ( complete) two English courses.

45 I am sorry but nothing (do) for you yet.

6

46 Miss Snow (type) ten letters before lunchtime yesterday.

47 The train (start) before we arrived at the station.

48 There (be) an English class in this room tomorrow evening.

49 The film already (begin) when we got to the cinema.

50 He said that he (see) that man before.

51 I (take) my brother to the zoo tomorrow.

52 Mr Brown died after he (be) ill for a long time.

53 You (stay) at home tonight?

54 By December 1st last year, he (work) in the bank for 5 years.

55 I (be) twenty years old next June.

56 Mrs Green (take) Alice to the dentist many times.

57 My sister always (wash) her hands before meals.

58 Hurry up! The rain (come) in.

59 I hope it (not rain) when we start early tomorrow.

60 He (sleep) so he did not understand what you said to him.

61 Will you wait a minute while I (look) through the text?

62 You must tell me what you (do) since I last saw you.

63 An economic crisis often (follow) the war.

64 You (witness) many things by the time you die.

65 So far you (make) no mistakes on this exercise.

66 What you (do) at 7p.m yesterday?

67 We didn’t recognize him He (change) a lot.

68 He discovered to his horror that he (eat) a fly.

69 Where you (spend) your holiday last year?

70 He (do) nothing before he saw me.

71 All of them (sing) when I came.

72 She constantly (invite) me to lunch and dine with her once or twice a year.

73.Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) to you?

74 They had sold all the books when we (get) there.

75 Where are you? – I’m upstairs I (have) a bath.

76 If you (do) away, please write to me.

77 If you (be) in, I should have given it to you

78 If he (eat) another cake, he will be sick.

79 If men (be) only more reasonable, there would be no more wars.

80 If it is convenient, let’s (meet) at nine o’clock.

81 I ( not do) that if I (be) you.

82 It will be impossible for me to finish my work if you (not cease) this chatter.

83 If he (take) my advice, everything can go well

84 I would have come Sooner if I ( know) you were here.

85 He never does his homework If he (do) his homework, he (not worry) about his

examination.

86 It’s too bad we lost the game If you (play) for us, we (win).

87 What you (do) if she refuses your invitation?

88 If today (be) Sunday, we (go) to the beach.

89 They (make) fewer mistakes if they were more careful.

90 Unless they (pass) their examinations, they would join the army.

91 You (be) ill if you drink that water.

92 If Tom (go) to bed earlier, he would not be so tired.

93 Had we known your address, we (write) you a letter.

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94 If it’s raining heavily, we (not go) for a donkey ride.

95 If he (try) hard, he’ll pass the examination.

96 I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) more slowly.

97 If we (invite) her, she might go dancing with us.

98 These plants will die if you (not water) them regularly.

99 If she (not be) busy, she would have come to the party.

100 If I (finish) the work in time, I (go) to the football game.

101 If I (know) she was ill, I (visit) her.

102 I would not have got wet if I (wear) a raincoat.

103 If you (see) Mary today, please (ask) her to call me.

104 My dog always wakes me up if he (hear) strange noise.

105 I (accept) if they invite me to the party

VERB- FORM 3 Name: ………Testing date:

Give the correct form of the verbs.

1-2 The vase (break) while it (move) to another room in the museum

………3-4 David (repair) the TV set at the moment He (work) at it for one hour or so

………5-6-7-18 After (shout) for help, he (take) off his shoes and (jump) in (save) her

……….9-10 I am sure you (forget) me by the time I (be) back in five years

………11-12 The teacher asked those who (complete) their tests (hand ) in their papers

………13-14 I didn’t feel like ( talk) to him after what ( happen)

………15-16 They (work) in the garden now They (work) there since 2 o’clock

………17-18-19-20 When I (get) back after lunch, Hoa (tell) me that someone (phone) when I (be) out

………21-22 Once you (learn) the basic rules, you (find) it easy to play the game

………23-24 They (have) their house (whitewash) at the moment

………25-26 Please ( not/ touch) anything before the police ( come)

………27-28 He was very polite Whenever his wife (enter) the room, he (stand) up

………29-30-31 Nam, you (clean) the mess before Dad gets home? He (be) mad if he (see) all this stuff all over the living room floor

………32-33-34 A: I (phone) you at about 9 o’clock this moring but you (not/answer) What you (do)?

………35-36 B: Well, I (hear) the phone but I (have) a shower and I couldn’t get out to answer it

………37-38 He used to ( be) thin but now he (look) fatter

………39-40 What you ( do) when I (phone) you at 8 o’clock last night?

………41-42-43 I (know) Miss Huggins for some years I (read) her latest novel, but I (not/finish) it yet

………

8

44 People (always / blame) their circumstances for what they are.

………45-46 It’s time that man (teach) a lesson He (make) nothing but trouble for years

1 She (go) - to school everyday

2 There (to be) - big problems in many parts of the world

3 A lot of people (go) - to work by car

4 Davis never (take) - the bus to school

5 He plays volleyball but he (not enjoy) - it

6 Most shops usually (open) - at 8.00 a.m and (close) - at 6.00p.m

7 School children (wear) - uniform on Monday

8 I want ( buy) - some stamps

9 Ruth (live) - with his parents in an apartment

10 He is writing a postcard and (watch) - TV at the same time

Exercise 2:

1 I (see) - a car accident on this corner yesterday

2 Mr John (be) - principal of our school since last year

3 My father (not watch) - TV every night

4 I (meet) - Arthur three weeks ago

5 Yesterday the police (report) - that they (capture) - the thief

6 Someone (steal) - my handbag on the bus

7 Last month I (be) - in the hospital for ten days

8 Don’t call me in the afternoon I usually (be) - away in the afternoon

9 People (speak) - English in almost Canada

10 The dog (wag) - his tail whenever he (see) - me

Exercise 3

1 I think he (leave) - as soon as he (know) - the news

2 He (come) - and (see) - you soon

3 My mother (come) - to stay with us next weekend

4 Where you (spend) - your holidays next summer?

5 Violets (bloom) - in spring

6 They (prepare) - the Christmas dinner at the moment

7 When he lived in Manchester, he (work) - in a bank

8 Birds (build) - their nests in summer and (fly) - to the South inwinter

9 I (lose) -my key (can) -you help me look for it?

10 My brother (join) -the army when he (be) -young

Exercise 4

1 Miss Lee often (write) when he (be) young

2 He (leave) home two weeks ago

3 You (speak) to Mrs Bakers yesterday?

9

4 Columbus (discover) America more than 400 years ago.

5 I (not can) remember when I last (see) her

6 When Nguyen Du (die)? - I (not know) when he (die)

7 Hurry up! The train (come)

8 Be quiet! The teacher (be) angry

9 Some animals (not eat) during winter

10 Listen! The bird (sing)

Exercise 5

1 I (finish) the book before my next birthday

2 The house (build) two years ago

3 Someone (cut) down all the trees in the garden

4 Tom Baker (not come) here tomorrow

5 He often (say) O.K when he (talk) with the quests

6 What you (do) after you (go) home yesterday?

7 Yesterday thieves (break) into the house and (steal) a lot of fur coats

8 The audience (listen) to everything he said last night

9 I’m preparing to support anything he (say) tomorrow

10 Sometimes I (get) up before the sun (rise)

Exercise 6

1 Don’t speak until someone (ask) you

2 Please be quiet! I (work)

3 When I (be) a child, I (want) to be a doctor

4 The last train (leave) the station at 5 p.m

5 I (meet) her at the movie theater last night

6 He (go) to the English club every Sunday But last Sunday he (not go) there

7 We (travel) to Hue next morning

8 They usually (have) dinner at home, but they (have) dinner in a small restaurant yesterday evening

9 He (brush) his teeth every night, but last night he (forget) to brush them

10 My father (not like) drinking wine He prefer (drink) beer

Exercise 7

1 When I (be) a child I (drink) a lot of milk

2 My family often (go) out for a dinner at the weekend

3 She’d like (tell) funny stories

4 She prefers (play) piano

5 Nga prefers (listen) rock music to (listen) pop music

6 I prefer (take) part in sport to(watch) them

7 The students prefer (gather) in the streets

8 When Mai (be) young ,She (like) (go) to the zoo to see animals

9 At the moment we (sit) ………in a cafe We (wait) ……… for the museum to open

10 Thanks for (invite)……… me to the birthday party

Exercise 8

1 My sister (buy)……… new book yesterday morning

2 Where they (spend)……… their summer vacation next year ?

3 What you (think)………… Tom (do)……… ?- he (tell) ……… the truth to his parents

4 You(wait)……… a minute while I (look) ……….through the test ?

5 After the party tonight I (speak)……… to you about your future job

6 Don’t make too much noise I ( do)……… this math question

7 Now I (understand)……… what you are trying ( say)………

8 I’m afraid I not (be)……… quite ready – Never mind I (wait)………

9 At the moment we (sit)………… in a café, we 9 wait) for the museum to open, so I (write)

………… some postcards

10 Miss Helen (help)……… as soon as she (finish)……… that letter

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VERB FORM 5

I Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D

1 When I last saw him, he _ in London

2 We _ Dorothy since last Saturday

A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen

3 The train half an hour ago

4 Jack the door

A has just painted B paint C will have painted D painting

5 My sister for you since yesterday

A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked

6 I Texas State University now

A am attending B attend C was attending D attended

7 He has been selling motorbikes

A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years

8 Christopher Columbus _ American more than 500 years ago

A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D had been discovering

9 He fell down when he towards the church

10 We _ there when our father died

A still lived B lived still C was still lived D were still living

11 They table tennis when their father comes back home

12 By Christmas, I _ for Mr Smith for six years

A shall have been workingB shall work C have been working D shall be working

13 I _ in the room right now

14 I to New York three times this year

15 I’ll come and see you before I _ for the States

16 The little girl asked what _ to her friend

A has happened B happened C had happened D would have been happened

17 John a book when I saw him

18 He said he _ return later

19 I have been waiting for you

A since early morning B since 9a m C for two hours D All are correct

20 Almost everyone _ for home by the time we arrived

21 By the age of 25, he two famous novels

22 While her husband was in the army, Mary to him twice a week

23 I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower a few days previously

A broke down B has been broken C had broken down D breaks down

24 I have never played badminton before This is the first time I _ to play

25 Since _, I have heard nothing from him

A he had left B he left C he has left D he was left

26 After I _ lunch, I looked for my bag

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27 By the end of next year, George _ English for two years

A will have learned B will learn C has learned D would learn

28 The man got out of the car, round to the back and opened the book

30 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he dinner

31 Ask her to come and see me when she _ her work

32 Tom and Mary for Vietnam tomorrow

33 He always for a walk in the evening

34 Her brother in Canada at present

35 Last week, my professor promised that he today

II Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B,C, or D) that needs correcting

1 After Mrs Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner

20 Every morning, the sun shines in my bedroom window and waking me up

III Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one

1 As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away

A He saw her turn away and he waved his hand

B No sooner had he waved his hand than she turned away

C She turned away because he waved his hand too early

D Although she turned away, he waved his hand

2 My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month

A It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes

B It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes

C It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes

D It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago

3 Having finished their work, the workers expected to be paid

A The workers expected to be paid because they had finished their work

B Having their work finished, the workers expected to be paid

C Having expected to be paid, the workers finished their work

D Having been finished their work, the workers expected to be paid

3 Mr Brown bought this car five years ago

A Mr Brown started to buy this car five years ago

B It has been five years when Mr Brown bought this car

C Mr Brown has had this car for five years

D It is five years ago since Mr Brown bought this car

4 I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years

A It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much

B It’s years since I have enjoyed myself so much

C It was years since I had enjoyed myself so much

D It has been years since I have enjoyed myself so much

5 This is my tenth year working in this bank

A By the end of this year, I will work in this bank for ten years

B I have worked in this bank for ten years by the end of this year

C By the end of this year, I will have worked in this bank for ten years

D I had been working in this bank for ten years by the end of this year

6 The famous actor was last seen in 2000

A The famous actor has not been able to see since 2000

B No one has seen the famous actor since 2000

C The famous actor didn’t see anyone in 2000

D No one saw the famous actor until 2000

7 I came to live here three months ago

A It was three months since I lived here

B I’ve been living here for three months

C I lived here for three months

D I didn’t live here for three months

8 She goes to the shops every Friday

A She goes every day to the shop but not on Friday

B It’s not Friday, but she’s going to the shops

C She always goes to the shops on Friday

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D She never goes to the shops on Friday

9 Michael took a deep breath and dived into the water

A After Michael had taken a deep breath, he dived into the water

B Having taken a deep breath, he dived into the water

C After Michael took a deep breath, he had dived into the water

D A & B are correct

10 We started working here three years ago

A We worked here for three years B We have no longer worked here for three years

C We have worked here for three years D We will work here in three years

11 It’s a long time since we last went to the cinema

A We have been to the cinema for a long time B We haven’t been to the cinema for a long time

C We don’t go to the cinema as we used to D We wish we went to the cinema now

12 I haven’t finished this book yet

A I’m still reading this book B I have read this book before

C The book I’m reading hasn’t finished D I will read this book some day

13 He used to jog every morning

A He enjoys jogging every morning B He never fails to jog every morning

C He doesn

’t now jog every morning D He intended to jog every morning

14 I have never felt happier than I do now

A I felt happier before B I feel happy now

C I have never felt happy D I have always felt happy

15 He last had his eyes tested ten months ago

A He hasn’t had his eyes tested for ten months B He had not tested his eyes for ten months then

C He had tested his eyes ten months before D He didn’t have any test on his eyes in ten months

16 Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime

A I had lunch when someone knocked on the door

B When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door

C I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door

D I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door

17 Steve left before my arrival

A When I arrived, Steve had already left B Steve left as soon as I arrived

C While Steve was leaving I arrived D Steve hadn’t left until I arrived

18 I haven’t been here before

A Being here is a pleasant experience B This is the first time I have been here

C I have wished to be here for long D Before long I will be here

19 The last time I saw Rose was three years ago

A I hasn’t seen Rose for three years B I haven’t seen Rose three years ago

C I haven’t seen Rose since three years D I haven’t seen Rose for three years

20 When we arrived, the children were playing “Hide and Seek”

A The children played “Hide and Seek” and then we arrived

B While the children were playing “Hide and Seek”, we arrived

C We arrived at the same time the children played “Hide and Seek”

D We didn’t arrive until the children played “Hide and Seek”

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CẤU TRÚC VIẾT LẠI CÂU TIẾNG ANH

I Các trường hợp viết lại câu trong tiếng Anh

 Dùng 1 cấu trúc nào đó trong Tiếng Anh

 Dùng dạng khác của từ

 Chuyển từ chủ động sang bị động

 Chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

 Các trường hợp về đảo ngữ…

II Chú ý quan trọng khi viết lại câu tiếng Anh

 Chú ý về thì: câu được viết lại phải cùng thì với câu đã cho

 Chú ý về ngữ pháp: câu được viết lại phải đúng về ngữ pháp

 Chú ý về nghĩa của câu sau khi viết phải không đổi so với câu ban đầu

III Phương pháp học dạng bài này

Phương pháp: sưu tập và làm càng nhiều mẫu câu càng tốt, sau đó đọc đi đọc lại nhiều lần chothuộc lòng các cấu trúc

Để hoàn thành 5 câu hỏi này trong một thời gian ngắn, học sinh nên theo 4 bước sau:

Bước 1: Đọc kỹ câu cho trước và cố gắng hiểu trọn vẹn ý của câu đó Chú ý đến những từ khóa, S&V, và cấu trúc được sử dụng ở câu gốc

Bước 2: Chú ý những từ cho trước Đưa ra ý tưởng viết lại câu sử dụng cách khác, cấu trúc khác

mà vẫn giữ được ý nguyên vẹn của câu cho trước

Bước 3: Viết câu mới Chú ý đến: Chủ ngữ và động từ mới, thì của câu mới, chú ý sự thay đổi của các cụm từ tương ứng (như although- despite, adj-adv, if- unless )

Bước 4: Đọc và kiểm tra lỗi, có thêm chỉnh sửa nếu cần

IV Một số dạng cấu trúc viết lại câu cơ bản

1 It takes sb khoảng thời gian to do sth= sb spend khoảng thời gian doing sth

VD: It took her 3 hours to get to the city centre

= She spent 3 hours getting to the city centre

2 Understand = tobe aware of

VD: Do you understand the grammar structure?

= Are you aware of the grammar structure?

3 Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen on

VD: She likes politics

= She is interested in politics

4 Because/ As/ Since + clause = because of/ due to/ Owing to + N

VD: He can’t move because his leg was broken

= He can’t move because of his broken leg

5 Although/ Though/ Even though + clause = despite + N/ V.ing = in spite of + N

VD: Although she is old, she can compute very fast

= Despite/ In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast

6 Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth

VD: We succeeded in digging the Panama cannel

= We managed to dig the Panama cannel

7 Cấu trúc: … too + adj (for sb) to do sth: quá để làm gì

VD: My father is too old to drive

= It is such a/ an N that: quá đến nỗi mà

VD: She is so beautiful that everybody loves her

= It is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her

Adj/ Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth: đủ để làm gì

VD: This car is safe enough for him to drive

VD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robber

8 Cấu trúc: prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thích, muốn ai làm gì

VD: I’prefer you (not) to smoke here

= I’d rather you (not) smoked here

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9 Prefer doing sth to doing sth: thích làm gì hơn làm gì

Would rather do sth than do sth

VD: She prefers staying at home to going out

= She’d rather stay at home than go out

10 Can = tobe able to = tobe possible

11 Harly + had +S + Vpp when S + Vpast: ngay sau khi thì…

No sooner + had +S + Vpp than S + Vpast

VD: As soon as I left the house, he appeared

= Harly had I left the house when he appeared

= No sooner had I left the house than he appeared

12 Not……… any more: không còn nữa

No longer + dạng đảo ngữ S no more V

VD: I don’t live in the courtryside anymore

= No longer do I live in the coutryside

= I no more live in the coutryside

13 At no time + dạng đảo ngữ: không khi nào, chẳng khi nào

VD: I don’t think she loves me

= At no time do I think she loves me

14 Tobe not worth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng làm gì

15 Tobe not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng, vô ích làm gì

VD: It’s not worth making him get up early

= There is no point in making him getting early

16 It seems that = it appears that = it is likely that =it look as if/

as though: dường như rằng VD: It seems that he will come late

= It appears that/ it is likely he will come late

= He is likely to come late

= It look as if he will come late

17 Although + clause = Despite + Nound/ gerund

18 S + V + N = S + be + adj

19 S + be + adj = S + V + O

20 S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving/ N

21 S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving/ N

VD: Nana often cried when she meets with difficulties

= Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties

22 This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/ N

VD: This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie

= I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie

23 S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn)

24 S + like sth/ doing sth better than sth/

doing sth = S + would rather + V + than + V = S + prefer sth/ doing sth to sth/ doing sth

VD: I prefer going shoping to playing volleyball

= I would rather go shoping than play volleyball

26 S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V

27 It’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth

28 S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth

29 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh) = S + should (not) + be + PII

30 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh) = S + should (not) + do sth

31 S + like sth = S + be + fond of + sth

VD: I like do collecting stamps

= I'm fond of collecting stamps

32 I + let + O + do sth = S + allow + S O + to do Sth

VD: My boss let him be on leave for wedding

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= My boss allow him to be on leave for wedding

33 S + once + past verb = S + would to + do sth

34 S + present verb (negative) any more = S + would to + do sth

35 S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive

VD: She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination

= She studies hard to pass the final examination

36 S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V = S + V + to + infinitive

38 To infinitive or gerund + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V

39 S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both and

40 S + V + not only + but also = S + V + both and

41 S + V + both and = S + V + not only but also

VD: He translated fast and correctly

= He translated not only fast but also correctly

44 S1+simple present+and+S2+simple futher =If+S1 + simple present + S2 + simple futher

45 S1+didn’t + V1 + Because + S2 + didn’t + V2 = If Clause

46 Various facts given = Mệnh đề if thể hiện điều trái ngược thực tế

47 S1 + V1 + if + S2 + V2(phủ định)= S1 + V1 + Unless + S2 + V2 (khẳng định)

48 S + V + O = S + be + noun + when + adj clause

49 S + V + O = S + be + noun + where + adj clause

50 S + V + O = S + be + noun + whom + adj clause

51 S + V + O = S + be + noun + which + adj clause

52 S + V + O = S + be + noun + that + adj clause

56 S + V + if + S + V (phu dinh) = S + V + unless + S + V (khẳng dinh)

57 S + be + scared of sth = S + be + afraid of + sth

58 Let’s + V = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

59 In my opinion = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive (quan điểm của tôi)

60 S + advise = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

61 Why don’t you do sth? = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

62 S + get + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth

VD: She gets him to spend more time with her

= She have him spend more time with her

63 S + aks + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth

VD: Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room

= Police have him identify the other man in the next room

64 S + request + sb + to do sth= S + have + sb + do sth

VD: The teacher request students to learn by heart this poem

= The teacher have students learn by heart this poem

65 S + want + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth

VD: I want her to lend me

= I have her lend me

66 S + V + no + N = S + be + N-less

VD: She always speaks no care

= She is always careless about her words

67 S + be + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + to + V

VD: Study is necessary that you will get a good life in the future

= Study is necessary to get a good life in the future

68 S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv

VD: My students are very good at Mathematics

= My students study Mathematics well

69 S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth

VD: I remember to have a Maths test tomorrow = I don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow

70 It + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!

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VD: It was an interesting film

= What an interesting film!

71 S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be

VD: She washes clothes quickly

= How quick she is to wash clothes

72 S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj

73 S + V = S + be + ed-adj

74 S + V + Khoảng thời gian = It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V

VD: She have learned English for 5 years

= It takes her 5 year to learn English

75 S + be + too + adj + (for s o) + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V

VD: The water is too hot for Peter to drink

= The water is so hot that Peter can't drink

76 S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V

77 S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V

78 S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V

79 S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = It + V + such + (a/ an) + N(s) + that + S +V

VD: He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything

= He does not speak softly

80 Because + clause = Because of + noun/ gerund

VD: Because she is absent from school

= Because of her absence from school

81 to look at (v)= to have a look at (n): nhìn vào

82 to think about = to give thought to: nghĩ về

83 to be determined to = to have a determination to: dự định

84 to know (about) = to have knowledge of: biết

85 to be not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng, vô ích làm gì

86 to tend to = to have a tendency to: có khuynh hướng

87 to intend to +inf = to have intention of + V_ing: dự định

88 to desire to = have a desire to: khao khát, mong muốn

89 to wish = to have a wish / to express a wish: ao ước

90 to visit Sb = to pay a visit to Sb / to pay Sb a visit: thăm viếng

91 to discuss Sth = to have a discussion about: thảo luận

92 to decide to = to make a decision to: quyết định

93 to talk to = to have a talk with: nói chuyện

94 to explain Sth = to give an explanation for: giải thích

95 to call Sb = to give Sb a call : gọi điện cho…

96 to be interested in = to have interest in : thích

97 to drink = to have a drink : uống

98 to photograph = to have a photograph of : chụp hình

99 to cry = to give a cry : khóc kêu

100 to laugh at = to give a laugh at : cười nhạo

V Bài tập Viết lại câu trong tiếng Anh

Viết lại những câu dưới đây sao cho nghĩa không đổi:

1 My mother used to play volleyball when she was young

5 I last saw Jenny when I was in Ha Noi City.

10 You couldn’t go swimming because of the rain heavily

=> The rain was too………

Exercise 1: Rerwite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.

1 You should take the train instead of the bus

5 We invited a pop star onto the chat show, but he didn't turn up

> The pop star

6 Although she said that she would come, I don't think she ever will

Exercise 2: Rerwite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.

1 My father used to play football when he was young

10 The children couldn't go swimming because the sea was very rough.

The sea was too

Exercise 3: Rewrite each of the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same

1 When did you first know him?

9 Since the invention of computer, people have saved a lot of time

Since the computer was

10 It's necessary for everybody to clean up their neighborhood once a week

2 Sally finally managed to get the job

> Sally finally succeeded

3 This is the last time I go to this restaurant

3 Mrs Taylor regretted buying the second -hand washing-machine.

6 They couldn't find the manager anywhere

The manager was

7 Their teacher is making them study hard

10 My father speaks very little French

My father speaks hardly

Exercise 6: Finish the second sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the first one:

1 He is carrying out a research on how people spend their money for clothes

A research

2 Although I had all the necessary qualifications, they didn’t offer me the job

Despite

3 “Please do not litter as you are walking along the coast”, the guard said to us

The guard told

4 I haven’t bought any clothes since my trip to Hanoi

The last time

5 They think that a garden would be a perfect setting for the house

8 “Why don’t we visit the Royal Citadel first?” Quang said

Quang suggested that

9 People expect that he will join the company soon

Trong Tiếng Anh động từ phải phù hợp với chủ ngữ của nó Cụ thể:

• Chủ ngữ số ít (He, She, It,The boy, The camel,…) động từ chia số ít

Ex: The car was new

• Chủ ngữ số nhiều chia động từ số nhiều

Ex: The books were on the top shelf

Ex: These women wash their clothes everyday

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Nhưng chủ ngữ trong Tiếng Anh không phải lúc nào cũng dễ xác định theo số ít hoặc số nhiều vì vậy khi xác

định chủ ngữ ta cần Lưu ý các trường hợp sau:

1 Chủ ngữ là một danh động từ, động từ nguyên thể hay một mệnh đề: động từ chia theo ngôi thứ 3

số ít

Ex: Walking in the rain is not a good idea

Ex: To learn a foreign language is necessary

Ex: That you get high grades in the school is very important

2 Chủ ngữ là một nhóm từ thì phải tìm từ chính và chia động từ phù hợp với từ đó

Ex: A list of new books has been posted in the library

Ex: The shops along the mall are rather small

3 S1 + of/ as well as/ with/ together with/ in addition to/ along with/ accompanied by/ no less than +S2 => Động từ hòa hợp với S1

Ex: The professor together with his three students has been called to court

Ex: The mayor as well as his councilmen refuses to endorse the bill

Ex: The students along with their form teacher were at the beach yesterday

4 Chủ ngữ là đại từ bất định: one, everyone, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, anything, something, nothing, everything => Động từ chia số ít

Ex: Nobody is at home now

Ex: Is there anybody here?

Ex: Everything has been all right so far

5 Chủ ngữ kẫp:

a• S1+AND +S2 +…=> Động từ chia theo chủ ngữ ở số nhiều

Ex: England, Scotland and Wales form Great Britain

Ex: EJohn and I are cousins

Ex: The headmaster and the teacher are talking

*But: The secretary and accountant hasn't come yet (Một người làm hai nhiệm vụ)

The great doctor and 'discoverer is no more

Whisky and soda has always been his favourite drink

(trong trường hợp 2 danh từ nối với nhau bằng AND nhưng chúng cùng chỉ 1 người, 1 bộ hoặc 1 món ăn Đối vớitrường hợp cùng chỉ 1 người thì dấu hiệu nhận biết là danh từ thứ 2 không có THE, còn với bộ hoặc món ăn thì tùyvào ý của người nói)

Ex: - Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain

Ex - Fish and chips make a good meal (If we think of the items as "separate", we use plural verb)

NOTE: "Each" or "every" preceding singular subjects joined by "and" takes a singular verb,

Ex: Each boy and each girl is to work independently

b• S1+ OR +S2 =>Động từ hòa hợp với S2:

Ex: Has your mother or father given you permission to use the car?

c •Either+S1+ or + S2  V hòa hợp với S2:

Neither+ S1+Nor +S2

Ex: Neither the students nor their teacher regrets the approach of summer

• EACH/EVERY/EITHER/NEITHER + singular noun + singular verb

of + plural noun / pronoun

• ALL / BOTH / FEW /A FEW/ MANY / SEVERAL / SOME + plural noun  PLURAL VERB

of + plural noun / pronoun

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• ALL/ SOME /LITTLE/A LITTLE +Non count noun  singular verb

of+ Non count noun

6 Chủ ngữ là danh từ tập hợp dựng như 1 đơn vị =>V chia theo S số ớt (GROUP / JURY/ ARMY /

FAMILY / CLASS /COMMITTEE / TEAM /ENEMY/ COUNCIL )

Ex: The football team practises every day

Ex: The herd of elk is in the meadow

Ex: The family arrives together at 8 00

*Danh từ tập hợp chỉ từng thành viờn =>V chia theo S số nhiều

Ex: The football team buy their own uniforms

Ex: John has just arrived and now the family are all here

*Cỏc danh từ như: the police, the military, the people, cattle, poultry, clergy,… => V chia theo S

số nhiều

Ex: The police are questioning him

*** Danh từ tập hợp được hỡnh thành bởi by "the + adjective" => V chia theo S số nhiều

Ex: The sick need medical care and tenderness

Ex: The American people don't trust the news

**** Danh từ tập hợp như FURNITURE / LUGGAGE / INFORMATION / KNOWLEDGE / TRAFFIC / EQUIPMENT / SCENERY / MACHINERY (khụng bao giờ cú _S với những danh từ này) => V chia theo S

số ớt

Ex: The furniture was more expensive than I thought

Ex: Traffic is heavy

Ex: The traffic has increased rapidly in the downtown areas

7 Chủ ngữ là nhúm danh từ chỉ số lượng (khoảng thời gian đo lường, trọng lượng, thể tớch, số lượng) =>V chia theo S số ớt

Ex: Twenty-two inches is a tiny waist measurement

Ex: Fifty dollars seems a reasonable price

*Phõn số/phần trăm + N (số ớt) => V chia theo S số Ít Ex: A quarter of the cake is gone + N(số nhiều) => Vchia theo S số nhiều Ex: Half of the tables are occupied.

*The majority of + N (số Ít) => V chia theo S số Ít

+ N (số nhiều) => Vchia theo S số nhiều

Ex: The majority of the customers are happy

8 Tiờu đề sỏch bỏo, tờn cơ quan, tổ chức đoàn thể, quốc gia, dự viết ở số nhiều -> động từ chia theo

S số ớt.

Ex: Chaucer's Canterbury Tales includes many humorous characterizations

Ex: The Malay States is now part of the Federation of Malaysia

9 Cỏc danh từ chỉ bệnh tật, mụn học, mụn thể thao, tờn nước, thủ đụ: news, means, series, billiards,

mathematics, species, measles, mumps, rickets, mathematics, economics,, linguistics, physics, phonetics,

athletics, politics, statistics, Algiers, Athens, Brussels, Marseilles, Naples, the Philippines, the United Nations, the

United States, Wales ) => động từ chia theo S số Ít

Ex: The morning news is on at 6 o'clock

Ex: Measles is sometimes serious

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10 Nh÷ng danh từ sau ®©y lu«n ®i số nhiều (glasses, scissors (keo), pants, shorts, jeans, tongs (cai kep), pliers (kim), tweezers (nhip), eye-glasses, ear-rings )  Động từ chia theo S số nhiều

Ex: My trousers are torn

Ex: These scissors are dull

But:- A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days

- This pair of scissors is sharp

11 THE NUMBER OF +N(số nhiều)=> Động từ chia theo số ít

Ex: The number of road accidents is increasing

12 A NUMBER OF +N (số nhiều) => Động từ chia theo S số nhiều

Ex: A number of spectators were injured

13 No + singular noun + singular verb: Ex: No example is right in this case

plural noun + plural verb: Ex: No examples are right in this case

14 None of the + non-count noun + -singular verb

plural noun + plural verb

Ex: - None of the counterfeit money has been found Ex: - None of the students have finished the exam yet

15 It + be + noun / pronoun (in the subject form)

Ex - It is they who provide the modem medical aids

Ex- Go and tell them it is I who did it

16 There + be + noun: (động từ phụ thuộc vào danh từ)

Ex: There have not been many large-scale epidemics lately

* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

A Choose the correct answer.

1 The Vietnamese people - a heroic people

A is B are C was D were

2 Miss White - her parents is going to pay a visit to the Great Wall

A and B both C as well as D or

3 The Vietnamese -hard-working and brave

A is B are C be D being

4 A good deal of money - spent on the books

A have B has C have been D has been

5 The manager or his secretary - to give you an interview

A is B are C were D have

6 Mary is one of the girls who -often late for school

A is B are C comes D get

7 Two hours - not long enough for this rest

A have B has C is D are

8 Ninety percent of the work - been done

A is B are C has D have

9 Those who - to go with me, please raise your hand

A want B wants C wanting D are wanting

10 Salt and water - to wash the wound

A is used B are used C was used D were used

11 The news - bad last night

A were B was C has D has been

12 Three-fifths of the police -in the school near the town

A has trained B have trained

C has been trained D have been trained

13 - not only you but also he going toJapan?

A Are B Is C Were D Was

14 All the books on the shelf -to me

A belong B belongs C belonging D is belonging

15 The trousers you bought for me - me

A don’t fit B doesn’t fit C fits D fit not

16 Mumps _ usually caught by children

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A are B was C is D were

17 TheUnited States _ betweenCanadaandMexico

A lying B lies C lain D lie

18 Physics _ us understand the natural laws

A helps B help C have helped D helped

19 The police _ the robber

A were arrested B has arrested

C have arrested D was arresting

20 The cattle in the field

A is grazingB grazes C has grazed D are grazing

21 Either you or he wrong

A are B were C have been D is

22 John as well as Mary very kind

A were B are C is D have been

23 The doctor with the nurses _ exhausted after the operation

A were B was C have been D are being

24 Five miles _ not very far

A is B are C were D have been

25 ten years too long?

A Are B Is C Are being D Were

26 Neither his parents nor his teacher satisfied with his result

A are beingB were C is D are

27 Each boy and each girl _ a book

A are havingB have had C have D has

28 Writing a lot of letters _ her tired

A makes B make C have made D are making

29 _ everybody ready to start now?

A Are being B Is being C Is D Are

30 None of the butter in the fridge good

A is being B is C have been D are

31 None of the students _ the test yet

A have finished B has finished

C finished D is finishing

32 A pair of shoes under the bed

A have beenB are C are being D is

33 200 tons of water _ last month

A was used B had been used

C were used D is used

34 In the hotel, the bread and butter _ for breakfast

A is served B are served C serves D serve

35 _ were nice to me when I was inEngland

A The Brown’s B Brown’s

C The Browns D Browns

B Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order to make the sentence correct.

36 Neither his parents nor his teacher are satisfied with his result when

A B C D

he was at high school

37 Daisy was the only one of those girls that get the scholarship

A Choose the best answers to the following questions

1 The Vietnamese people - a heroic people

2 Miss White - her parents is going to pay a visit to the Great Wall

3 The Vietnamese -hard-working and brave

4 A good deal of money - spent on the books

5 The manager or his secretary - to give you an interview

6 Mary is one of the girls who -often late for school

7 Two hours - not long enough for this rest

8 Ninety percent of the work - been done

9 Those who - to go with me, please raise your hand

10 Salt and water - to wash the wound

11 The news - bad last night

12 Three-fifths of the police -in the school near the town

A has trained B have trained C has been trained D have been trained

13 - not only you but also he going to Japan?

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A Are B Is C Were D Was

14 All the books on the shelf -to me

15 The trousers you bought for me - me

16 Mumps _ usually caught by children

17 The United States _ between Canada and Mexico

18 Physics _ us understand the natural laws

19 The police _ the robber

A were arrested B has arrested C have arrested D was arresting

20 The cattle in the field

21 Either you or he wrong

22 John as well as Mary very kind

23 The doctor with the nurses _ exhausted after the operation

24 Five miles _ not very far

25 ten years too long?

26 Neither his parents nor his teacher satisfied with his result

27 Each boy and each girl _ a book

28 Writing a lot of letters _ her tired

29 _ everybody ready to start now?

30 None of the butter in the fridge good

31 None of the students _ the test yet

A have finished B has finished C finished D is finishing

32 A pair of shoes under the bed

33 200 tons of water _ last month

34 In the hotel, the bread and butter _ for breakfast

35 _ were nice to me when I was in England

B Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order to make the sentence correct

36 Neither his parents nor his teacher are satisfied with his result when he was at high school

37 Daisy was the only one of those girls that get the scholarship

38 Working provide people with personal satisfaction as well as money

39 Either the doctor or the nurses takes care of changing the patients’

42 The guest of honour, along with his wife and children, were sitting at the first table when we had a party yesterday

43 The audience was enjoying every minute of the performance

44 All the books on the top shelf belongs to me

45 Five thousand pounds were stolen from the bank

46 Happiness and success depends on yourself

47 The loss of her husband and two of her sons were too much for her

48 David and his brother was indicted yesterday on charges of grand theft

49 Current research on AIDS, in spite of the best efforts of hundreds of scientists, leave serious questions unanswered

50 Everyone have to plan a program that fits into the day’s schedule and that allows for good exercise and appropriate rest

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ (GERUND AND INFINITIVE)

* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT

I GERUND:

1 Chức năng:

 Là chủ ngữ của câu: Dancing bored him

 Bổ ngữ của động từ: Her hobby is painting

 Là bổ ngữ: Seeing is believing

 Sau giới từ: He is interested in watching films on Tv

 Sau một vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy

2 Một số cách dùng đặc biệt:

a Verb + V-ing: Danh động từ theo sau một số động từ:

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Mind: phiềnMiss: lỡ, nhớMention: đề cậpPardon: tha thứ, tha lỗiPrefer

Prevent: ngăn ngừaPostpone: hoãn lạiPractice: thực hànhPrevent

Propose (= suggest)Quit: từ bỏ

Recollect: nhớ lạiResent: căm thùRecall: gợi nhớ/ recollectResume: cho rằng

Resist: kháng cự, ngăn cảnRisk: mạo hiểm

Remember/ forgetSuggest: gợi ýStop/ begin/ startUnderstand: hiểuDiscuss: thảo luậnHate: gh

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Ex: He admitted taking the money

Avoid over-eating

He detests writing letters

He didn’t want to risk getting wet

I can’t understand his/ him leaving his wife

Chú ý: excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent không trực tiếp theo sau bởi danh động từ mà theo sau bởi:

Possessive adjective/ pronoun + danh động từ hoặc pronoun + preposition + danh động từ

Appreciate thường theo sau bởi tính từ sở hữu hoặc danh động từ ở dạng bị động

Ex: Forgive my/ me ringing you up so early

Forgive me for ringing you up so early

You can’t prevent his/ him spending his own money

You can’t prevent him from spending his own money

I appreciate your giving me o much of your time / I appreciate being given this opportunity

b common phrasal verbs + V-ing: (sau một số cụm động từ)

carry on, end up, give up, go round, keep on, put off, set about…

c Expression + V-ing: Một số thành ngữ theo sau bởi V-ing

- have fun/ a good time + V-ing: vui vẻ …

- have trouble/ difficulty + V-ing:

- have a hard time/ difficult time + V-ing

- spend + time/ money + V-ing (present participle)

He spends 3 hours studying English every day

- waste + time/money + V-ing:

- sit + Danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing: she sat at her desk writing a letter

- stand + danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing

- lie + danh từ nơi chốn + Ving

- can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand = can’t resist (không thể chịu được)

I can’t bear hearing his lies

I can’t stand seeing him here

- it is no good / it is no use (vô ích / không có ích): It’s no use phoning him at this time

This book is worth reading

- be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen với

- S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thích làm gì hơn làm gì

= S + would rather Vinf than Vinf

d go + gerund để chỉ một hoạt động đặc biệt nào đó: (Present participle)

- go fishing đi câu cá go hunting go bowling go jogging

- go shopping đi mua sắm go camping go sightseeing go sailing

- go swimming đi bơi go dancing go running …

- go hiking đi bộ dã ngoại go birdwatching go boating go canoening

- go mountain climbing

* Cụm giới từ theo sau bới V-ing:

be excited/ worried about V-ing

complain keep (someone)

dream about/ of + V-ing prevent (someone) from V-ing

talk stop (someone)

think

apologize believe

blame (someone) be interested in V-ing

forgive (someone) for V-ing succeed

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be responsible

thank (someone)

be tired of V-ing in addition

be waste look forward to V-ing

* Preposition +gerund (giới từ +gerund):

Be interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apologize for (xin lỗi về)

Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instead of (thay vì)

Be accustomed to look forward to (mong đợi)

be / get used to quen /thích nghi với be familiar with

3 The perfect gerund:

Form: having Vpp

The perfect gerund được sử dụng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) khi chúng ta đề cập tới một hànhđộng đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ:

Ex: He was accused of having stolen her money

He denied having been there

4 The passive gerund:

Form: being + past participle (present)

Having + been + Vpp (past)

Ex: She hates being called a dull

The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche

I am interested in being given money by my mother

He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper

The safe showed no signs of having been touched

II INFINITIVES: Động từ nguyên thể

1 Chức năng:

- Làm chủ ngữ của câu: (cùng với các động từ: appear, seem, be)

Ex: To save money now seems impossible

= It seems impossible to save money (more usual)

- Làm bổ ngữ của động từ (be):

Ex: His plan is to keep the affair secret

- Làm tân ngữ của động từ:

Ex: He wants to play

- Chỉ mục đích: He learns English to sing English songs

- Sau một số tính từ:

2 Bare infinitive (infinitive without to)

 Được dùng sau động từ make, have với nghĩ nguyên cớ (causative)

The Brown made their children clean their room

The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs

 Được dùng sau động từ giác quan như see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell,

We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain

The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual

* chú ý:

Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + Ving (present participle): bắt gặp ai đó đang làm gì

Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + bare inf.: thấy ai đó đã làm gì

 Đuợc dùng sau động từ let và help

My brother let me use computer

The parents helped their children set up the tent

 Được dùng sau các đọng từ khuyết thiếu và trợ động từ: can, could, will, shall, would, should, used to, had better, need, ought to, do, did …

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 Trong cấu trúc: would rather + bare infinitve/ had better

+ advise: khuyên + allow: cho phẫp

+ ask: yêu cầu + cause: gây ra

+ command: yêu cầu, ra lệnh+ encourage: khuyến khích

+ expect: mong chờ + forbid: cấm

+ need: cần - We need you to help us

+ teach: dạy - My brother taught me to swim

+ order: yêu cầu, ra lệnh + persuade: thuyết phục

+ train: đào tạo, huấn luyện + instruct: chỉ dẫn

* NOTES:

+ allow / permit / advise/ recommend/ encourage + object + to infinitive

Ex: She doesn’t allow me to smoke in her room

+ allow/ permit/ recommend/ encourage/ advise + gerund

Ex: She doesn’t allow smoking in her room

Dạng3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND (một số động từ theo sau bởi to infinitive and gerund)

Nhóm 1: V + to Infinitive / Gerund (không khác nghĩa)

- begin bắt đầu - prefer thích hơn - can’t stand

- start bắt đầu - hate ghẫt - can’t bear

- continue tiếp tục - love yêu thích - intend

- like thích - bother làm phiền

Các động từ trên có thể được theo sau bởi to Infinitive hoặc Gerund mà ý nghĩa hÇu nh không đổi

Ví dụ:

- He began to laugh

= He began laughing

Chú ý:

a) Không nên dùng: It’s beginning raining

Nên nói: It is begining to rain

b) Động từ nguyên mẫu thường mang ý nghĩa của một mục đích, một dự tính trong tương lai, trong khi

danh động từ mang ý nghĩa một kinh nghiệm sẵn có Cách sử dụng chúng đôi khi rất tinh tế như sau:

Ví dụ

- I like to meet the public

(Tôi thích gặp công chúng – Tôi thấy nên gặp, cần gặp → dự định)

- I like meeting the public

(Tôi thích gặp công chúng Tôi thấy vui khi gặp và tôi luôn làm thế)

Nhóm 2: V + infinitive / Gerund (khác nghĩa)

remember, forget, regret, try, stop, need, go on

a NEED

Need to do = it is necessary to do:cần phải làm (động từ nguyờn mẫu mang nghĩa chủ động)

Need doing = need to be done: cần phải được làm (động từ nguyờn mẫu mang nghĩa bị động)

 Tom needs to work harder (It is necessary for Tom to work harder.)

 The grass in front of the house needs cutting (The grass in front of the house needs to

be cut.)

b STOP

Stop to do = stop in order to do: dừng lại để làm viỆc gì khỏc

Stop doing = not to do something any longer: dừng làm viỆc gì đó (đang làm)

 They stopped to look at the pictures

 They stopped smoking because it is bad for their health

c REGRET/ REMEMBER/ FORGET:

Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quờn/tiếc sẽ phải làm gỡ (ở hiện tại và tương lai)

* Remember to send this letter (hóy nhớ gửi bức thư này) Don’t forget to buy flowers (đừng quờn mua hoa

đấy)

* I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tụi rất tiếc phải bỏo tin cho anh rằng chuyến tầu đó bị

hủy bỏ)

Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quờn/tiếc đó làm gỡ (ở quỏ khứ)

I paid her $2 I still remember that I still remember paying her $2 (tụi nhớ đó trả cụ ấy 2 đụ la)

She will never forget meeting the Queen (cụ ấy khụng bao giờ quờn lần gặp nữ hoàng)

He regrets leaving school early It is the biggest mistake in his life

d TRY

Try to do: cố gắng làm

Try doing: thử làm

 She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college of pharmacy

 I’ve got a terrible headache I try taking some aspirins but they didn’t help

Go on doing s th.: tiếp tục làm cựng một việc gỡ đú

Go on to do s th.: làm hay núi việc gỡ khỏc

 The Minister went on talking for two hours

 We must change our ways We can’t go on living like this

 After discussing the economy, the Minister went on to talk about foreign policy

f MEAN

Mean + to V = intend to V: dự định làm gỡ đú

Mean + V-ing = involve: bao gồm, bao hàm, cú nghĩa là

B To infinitive sau một số tớnh từ:

 Trong cấu trúc sau: IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + TO INFINITIVE

Ví dụ:

- It’s difficult to find their house Thật khó tìm ra nhà của họ

- It’s dangerous to drive fast Lái xe nhanh thì nguy hiểm

- It’s important to learn English Học tiếng Anh thì rất quan trọng

Có hai dạng tương đương như sau:

= To infinitive + be + Adjective

Gerund

Ví dụ:

- It’s exciting to play football Chơi bóng đá thật thú vị

= to play football is exciting

= playing football is exciting

 To infinitive sau 1 số tính từ:

Able, unable, happy, delighted (vui vẻ), easy, lovely, glad, sorry, eager (háo hức), amazed (ngạc nhiên), pleased (hài lòng), disappointed, surprised, willing (sẵn lòng), certain (chắc chắn)

 Trong cấu trúc:

* S + be/ get/ look/ seem/ become + too + Adj +(for O) + to infi

S + V (thường) + too + Adv +(for O) + to infi

Ex: The water in this glass is too hot to drink

This coffee is too hot for me to drink

He runs too slowly to catch the bus

*S + be + Adj + enough (for O) + to infi

S + V (thường) + Adv + enough (for O) + to infi

Ex: He is old enough to get married

He’s intelligent enough to get good marks

They speak slowly enough to understand

* so + adjective + as + infinitive

Ex: He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked

*It + cost/ take + O + to infinitive…

Ex: It would cost millions/ take years to rebuild the castle

C Sau một số từ để hỏi:

Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive

Những động từ sử dụng công thức này là ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder

Ex : He discovered how to open the safe

I found out where to buy fruit cheaply

She couldn’t think what to say

I showed her which button to press

She wondered whether to write or phone

D Chỉ mục đích:

Ex: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam

E Noun + to infinitive (replace a relative clause)

Ex: 1 I have many things which I must do/ to do

2 She is always the last to go/ who goes

He has got nothing to eat

G Sau một số cụm từ sau:

be about:định, sẽ

be able: có thể

do one’s best: cố gắng

make an/ every effort: nỗ lực

make up one’s mind: quyết định

can’t afford

Ex: He is just about to leave

We can’t afford to live in the centre

H Thay cho một mệnh đề quan hệ:

- Động từ nguyên thể có thể được sử dụng sau the first, the second , the last, the only và thỉnh thoảng sau

so sánh hơn nhất

Ex: He loves parties; he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves

= He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave

He is the second one to be killed in this way

4 The perfect infinitive:

+ Form: to have + Vpp

+ Use:

- Dùng với was/ were để diễn tả một kế hoạch chưa thực hiện được

Ex: The house was to have been ready today (but it isn’t)

- Dùng sau would/ would like để diễn tả một điều ước vẫn chưa hoàn thiện

Ex: He would like to have seen it (but it was impossible)

- Dùng với một số động từ: appear, happen, pretend, seem, believe, consider, find, know, report, say, suppose, think, understand…

III PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND:

+ Passive gerund: being + past participle

Ex: She hates being called a dull

The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche

I am interested in being given money by my mother

+ Passive infinitive: to be + past participle

Ex: I hoped to be invited to the party

He refused to be taken to hospital

She doesn’t want to be asked personal questions

 Được dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động/ sự kiện hơn là tác nhân gây ra hành động

V + V-ing , V+ to V , V + sb + to V ,V + sb + V-bare inf

Cỏc động từ phải cú V-ING theo

7 continue(tiep tuc)=go on=

keep on( tiếp tục

8 delay ( trỡ hoón )

9 deny ( từ chối ) ≠ give up(từ

bỏ)

10 discuss ( thảo luận )

11 dislike ( khụng thớch )=hate

23 regret ( tiec rang)Ving =

be sorry about Ving= be sorry sb

2 agree (đồng ý )

3 appear ( xuất hiện )

4 arrange ( sắp xếp )

5 ask ( hỏi , yờu cầu )

6 beg ( nài nỉ , vanxin)

27 seem ( dường như )

28 struggle (đấu tranh )

1 advise (khuyờn )

2 allow ( cho phộp )

3 ask ( yờu cầu )

4 beg ( van xin )

5 cause ( gõy ra )

6 challenge ( thỏch thức )

7 convince ( thuyết phục )

8 dare ( dỏm )

9 encourage ( khuyến khớch )

10 expect ( mong đợi )

1 help (giúp )

2 let (cho phép) 3.find( thấy) 4.seem(dờng nh) 5.make(làm,tạo cho) + V_bare inf 6.feel(cảm thấy)

(≠feel like+ V-ing) 7.look like(trông có vẻ) 8.hear(nghe)

9.observe(quan sát) 10.had better(tốt hơn là) 11.smell(ngửi)

12.taste(có vị) 13.notice(chú ý) 14.watch( xem) 15.become(tro len) 16.sound(nghe )

17.nothing but(k gỡ … nhưng chỉ)

18.cannot but (k cũn cỏch nào hơn là )

*lu ý :

-nếu let/make ở bị động thì V có to(be let/made +to V)

- S + V ( be, seem, look, feel, )

+ ADJ + to V(nếu có tính từ theo sau V thì phải có to)

-need + V-bare inf (khi need đóng vai trò nh một động từ khuyết thiếu hay trợ động từ )

Ex:I need not earn money(tôi k cần kiếm tiền) , Need you type this letter?.no,I needn’t.(bạn có cần đánh máy bức th này k?k tôi k cần)

-need +to V (need là động từ thờng)

Ex: I don’t need to earn money.(tôi k cần kiếm tiền)

-need + V-ing ( need mang nghĩa đợc cần thiêt trong câu bị động)

Ex: this knife needs sharpening.= this knife needs to be sharpened (con dao này cần đợc làm sắc).

our car needs repairing now.(xe của chúng ta cần đc sửa chữa ngay)

4) to have (có):

-mẫu câu: have/get sth done(V-ed) : cho ai đó lam gì.-Ex: I have my car cleaned.(tôi cho ngời rửa xe của tôi)

-mẫu câu: have sb do sth : nhờ ai đó làm gì.-I have my brother clean my car.(tôi nhờ anh tôi rửa xe)

5)to get(lam cho) :

-mẫu câu:get sth done(V-ed) cho ai đó làm gì.-Ex: I get my car cleaned.(tôi cho ngời rửa xe của tôi)

-mẫu câu:get sb to V sth: nhờ,khiến ai đó làm gì -Ex: I get my brother to clean my car.(tôi nhờ anh tôi rửa xe)

6) to suggest ( đề nghị):

+ Should V the teacher suggests me should stay at home

7 ) ( would / ’d) prefer = ( would / ’d) rather :(thích hơn) có 3 trờng hợp

1-câu có 2 động từ:-(would)prefer+V-ing+sth+to+V-ing+sth=(would)rather+V(bare inf)+sth+THAN+V(bare inf)+sth :THíCH

LàM Gì HơN LàM Gì Ex: I ’d preper driving car to riding a bike I’d rather drive car than ride a bike.(tôi thích lái ôtô hơn

đi xe máy)

2-câu có 1 đông từ:-(would)prefer +to V sth = (would) rather + V(-bare inf) sth: ai đó thích gi hơn.

Ex: she would prefer to dance = she would rather dance Cô ấy thích khiêu vũ hơn