Therefore, the author chooses the following topic "Investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region" for the doctoral thesis with the aim of satisfactorily
Trang 1AND TRAINING
THE BANKING ACADEMY
NGUYEN LE NGUYEN DUNG
INVESTMENT CAPITAL FOR MARINE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH
CENTRAL REGION
DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS
HA NOI – 2020
Trang 2THE BANKING ACADEMY OF VIETNAM
Scientific instructors:
1 People's Teacher/Assoc.Prof.Dr TO NGOC HUNG
2 Dr TONG THIEN PHUOC
INVESTMENT CAPITAL FOR MARINE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH
The thesis is available at: - Library of the Banking Academy
- National Library of Vietnam
Trang 3INTRODUCTION
1 Urgency of the thesis topic
To implement the marine economic development plan of Vietnam to 2030, with a vision to 2045 stated in Resolution No 36-NQ / TW dated October 22, 2018 of the eighth session of the 12th Party Central Committee, it is necessary to achieve synchronous development of 28 coastal provinces, including the South Central region That requires each locality to fully develop infrastructure such as roads, seaports, airports, restaurants, hotels, and high-quality human resources to meet the requirements for development There are high demands for developments from many factors, of which investment capital is an indispensable factor
Therefore, the South Central region needs to have a complete solution from the outset by practically mobilizing capital from many different sources, including state budget capital, domestic and foreign capital It is necessary to utilize the great source of capital among people and businesses from many different economic sectors In addition, there should be measures to use capital effectively, thus creating a long-term vision to solve the capital issue to meet the needs of marine economic development
In order for the marine economy (ME) in the South Central region to develop in accordance with the objectives and orientations, finding solutions to solve practical problems and continuing to increase investment capital for the marine economy is an
important current issue Therefore, the author chooses the following topic "Investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region" for the doctoral
thesis with the aim of satisfactorily solving the capital problems to bring into play the potential of marine economy for development in the South Central region
2 Literature review
2.1 Domestic studies
There are quite many studies related to the research topic, however they were done long ago and there are many differences in guidelines and policies Therefore, they are no longer appropriate Within the scope of the topic, the author only refers to new works with similarities of the research scope
Firstly, economic doctoral theses
Regarding the issue of investment capital and raising investment capital for economic development of Vietnam in an area or a locality, implemented in recent times such as: Cao
Trang 4Tan Huy (2019), Nguyen Hong Ha (2015), Doan Vinh Tuong (2008), Bui Ba Khiem (2012),
Do Thi Ha Thuong (2016), Ngo Van Thien (2017)
Secondly, articles published in newspapers, magazines, scientific yearbooks
Articles published in magazines, conference proceedings including: Nguyen Xuan Thien (2015), Ngo Tran Xuat (2017), Nguyen Hiep (2017), Le Thi Thanh Thuy (2013), Huynh Van Dang (2017), Doan Vinh Tuong (2014), Can Van Luc (2014), Nguyen Van Binh (2017)
2.2 International studies
In the world, there are quite a lot of researches in the field of marine economy, typically the studies of Xu Zhibin (2003); Nazery Khalid (2011); Luara Eadie, Caroline Hoisington (2011) The studies all focus on analyzing and assessing the reality of marine economic development in countries around the world They mainly give a number of solutions towards sustainable development for marine economic activities, attracting investment in marine economic industries of the countries and of the world
The above results provide useful suggestions and orientations for the author in the thesis writing process The author selectively inherits these results in the research process
On that basis, the author completes the theoretical basis and adds important contents that have not been mentioned in the above works
2.3 Research gap and research questions
2.3.1 Research gap
Firstly, there are a number of studies of the issue of investment capital for economic
development in general and mobilizing investment capital for marine economic development in particular from different perspectives such as the study on mobilization investment capital for socio-economic development of Da Nang city by Vo Duy Khuong and the study to mobilie the non-state budget capital of Dang Thi Ha These studies mainly present capital mobilization channels for socio-economic development in general without examining the mechanisms and policies on investment capital for marine economic development Some other studies analyze investment capital for marine economic development such as investment capital for marine economic development in Khanh Hoa province by Doan Vinh Tuong and in Thanh Hoa province of Do Thi Ha Thuong; they do not specifically focus on the South Central region
Therefore, the study of "Investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region" towards approaching domestic and international capital sources for marine economic development in the South Central region will have both theoretical and
Trang 5practical significance in the current period for this area
Secondly, the theoretical and practical research results of the previous works
mentioned above are valuable documents for review and application to the thesis topic at certain levels However, the thesis's content, scope, time and space are different from those
of previous works The thesis approaches the issue of investment capital by each mobilization channel corresponding to each investment capital source for marine economic development in the South Central region In addition, the thesis limits the scope of practical research from 2015 to 2019 and proposes solutions for investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region in the coming time
Thus, it can be confirmed that the proposed research student dissertation does not coincide with the previous studies in terms of content, scope, time and space
2.3.2 Research question
What is investment capital for marine economic development? What are capital components? What are characteristics of capital sources? What are factors that affect investment capital for marine economic development?
What is the reality of the investment capital source for marine economic development in the South Central provinces in the period 2015 - 2019? What are the achievements, limitations and the causes for such limitations?
What are required solutions on investment capital for marine economic development
in the South Central region in the coming time? What are proposals to the Government and relevant ministries?
These questions will be answered on a scientific basis with actual data on the reality
of investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central provinces
3 Research objective
3.1 Overall objective
Based on the proposed theoretical basis, the thesis analyzes the current situation and from that proposes solutions for investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region in the coming time
3.2 Specific objectives
- Systematizing the theoretical basis of investment capital for marine economic development, including marine economy and marine economic development, investment capital for marine economic development; factors affecting investment capital for marine economic development; experiences in investment capital for marine economic
Trang 6development of some countries in the world and lessons for Vietnam
- Studying and evaluating the reality of investment in marine economic development
in South Central provinces in the period 2015 - 2019; assessing achievements, limitations and causes of limitations
- Proposing solutions for investment in marine economic development in the South Central region in the coming time, and at the same time giving recommendations to the Government, agencies and industries
4 Research object and scope
4.1 Research object
The thesis focuses on investment capital sources for marine economic development
4.2 Research scope
+ Research period: from 2015 to 2019
+ Research space: the thesis focuses on researching investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region
5 Research methodology
With the focus on investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region, the thesis uses a combination of qualitative research methods and quantitative research as follows:
5.1 Qualitative research
+ Data synthesis method
+ Data analysis method
5.2 Quantitative research
- The thesis uses the survey method through questions related to the research issue
- The thesis collects research data with survey questionnaires
- The thesis presents preliminary assessment of the reliability and value of the scale
by Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient, thereby eliminating unreliable observed variables The thesis also applies Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) through SPSS 22.0 processing software, thereby restructuring the remaining observed variables into the appropriate factors (measurement components) as the basis for the modification of the research model and research hypotheses, the content analysis and further testing
- The thesis uses the multiple linear regression analysis to test the factors affecting investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region, thereby calculating the significance of each factor
Trang 76 New contributions of the thesis
The thesis has theoretical as well as practical contributions
+ Firstly, most of the previous studies on investment capital for variable economic development mainly focus on qualitative research; very few authors use quantitative analysis models
+ Secondly, with rich and reliable sources of documents, the thesis has proven and helped to clarify the reality of investment capital and the need for investment capital for economic development of the South Central region during 2015 - 2019
+ Thirdly, based on the reality of investment capital for the economic development of the South Central region through secondary data sources, combined with results of the survey and results of quantifying the factors affecting investment capital for the economic development of the South Central region, the thesis has drawn objective conclusions about the achieved results and especially detected many limitations and the causes of limitations in investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region
+ Fourthly, the author has proposed a system of solutions and recommendations to increase investment capital for economic development in the South Central region in the coming years The proposed solutions given are based on scientific bases, of synchronous nature, suitable with reality and feasible
The author hopes to contribute to help relevant agencies in completing policies on investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region
7 Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, list of tables, figures, thesis has three chapters:
Chapter 1: Marine economy and investment capital for the marine economy -
Trang 8CHAPTER 1 MARINE ECONOMY AND INVESTMENT CAPITAL FOR MARINE ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT - THEORETICAL ISSUES 1.1 OVERVIEW OF MARINE ECONOMY
1.1.1 The concept of marine economy
From reviewing analyses, the author concludes that“
Up to now, there is no consensus on the concept of marine economy However, introduced concepts on domestic and foreign marine economy still generally consider marine economy as marine-related activities In accordance with Vietnamese law and international practice, within this thesis, the author states the concept of marine economy as follows:
Marine economy means all economic activities that take place at sea and economic activities directly related to sea exploitation (activities that do not take place at sea but are due to marine factors or directly serve marine economy activities on the coastal mainland);
it includes the following fields
- Fishery sector, including: fishing, aquaculture, seafood processing
- Maritime economy, including: sea transportation, seaport services, ship building and repair
- Sea and island tourism; rescue and security operations;
- Mineral exploitation and processing technologies such as oil extraction and refining
as well as other minerals, salt production
1.1.2 Marine economic sectors
1.1.3 Characteristic of marine economy
Marine economy has the following main characteristics:
Firstly, production activities are always associated with the exploitation of marine resources
Secondly, the organization of production is dependent on natural conditions, the life cycle of the organism, and marine location
Trang 9Third, marine economy sectors are highly risky
1.1.4 Role of marine economy in economic development
Firstly, marine economy contributes to making the fishery sector one of the key economic sectors
Secondly, marine economy helps tourism thrive
Thirdly, marine economy contributes to industrial development
Fourthly, marine economy contributes to ensuring national security, defense and maintaining independence
1.2 INVESTMENT CAPITAL FOR MARIEN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
1.2.1 The concept of investment capital for marine economy
1.2.1.1 Investment capital
1.2.1.2 Investment for development
1.2.1.3 Investment capital for marine economic development
1.2.2 Sources of investment capital for marine economic development
12.2.1 Domestic investment capital
a/ Investment capital from the state budget
b/ State credit capital
c/ Bank credit capital
d/ Capital investment from businesses and the people
1.2.2.2 International investment capital
a/ Official Development Assistance (ODA) capital
b/ Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
1.2.3 The role of investment capital for marine economic development
Firstly, investment capital in the marine economy will help change the economic structure towards maximizing the strengths of each region
Secondly, investment capital in the marine economy contributes to human resource training, capability improvement of the workforce in the marine economic industry
Thirdly, investment capital in the marine economy will affect marine economic development , laying the foundation for solid economic development
Fourthly, investment capital in marine economic development affects the growth of other economic sectors
1.2.4 Factors affecting investment capital for marine economic development
1.2.4.1 Subjective factors
a/ Material facilities, infrastructure, and public services
b/ Capability of entities engaging in the marine economy
Trang 10c/ Quality of the human resource
1.2.5.2 Ratio of realized investment capital compared to requirements and plans
1.2.5.3 Investment capital growth
1.2.5.5 Investment capital structure
1.3 EXPERIENCE OF INVESTMENT CAPITAL IN MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SOME COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM
1.3.1.1 Experience from China
1.3.1.2 Experience from Singapore
1.3.1.3 Experience from Malaysia
1.3.2 Experience lessons of investment capital for marine economic development in Vietnam
Vietnam needs to learn from experiences of predecessors and selectively inherit useful lessons about investment capital for marine economic development Some key contents to be focused on are:
- Policy planning needs coordination and consensus among the Government, businesses and people to reach specific goals Direct support policies for each target group should be issued based on data that lists specific objects having access to policies from localities
- Focus should be given on promulgating preferential policies to encourage domestic and foreign investment for each specific sector It is necessary to have appropriate solutions
in implementing policies for economic entities in order to ensure their access to policies For example, credit policies for investment in the development of the fisher sector should clearly state the content of ships that are newly built or upgraded in a specific category for each group of subjects that have access to policies on financial incentives and credit support
- In addition, development support policies for each sector are also considered necessary, including: upgrading infrastructure and information technology; focusing on developing human resources for marine economy; reforming the public service system to attract investment capital
Trang 11CHAPTER 2 REALITY OF INVESTMENT CAPITAL FOR MARINE ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL REGION 2.1 OVERVIEW OF MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL REGION
2.1.1 Natural conditions, socio-economic characteristics of the South Central region 2.1.1.1 Natural conditions
Department of Finance: advises the Provincial People's Committee in managing, balancing and arranging non-business capital sources to support the implementation of policies, programs, projects and schemes on socio-economic development in coastal areas and islands; coordinates with the DPI to advise the balance of the budget, mobilization of investment capital resources for marine economic development
Coordinate with relevant agencies and departments such as the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, management boards of economic zones, and the People's Committees of districts to develop the implementation plan of programs suitable to the specific conditions of each location towards effective marine economic development
Trang 12Based on local statistics, the author calculates the total capital needs for marine economic development in the South Central region in the period 2015 - 2019 as follows:
Table 2.6: Summary of investment capital needs for marine economic development in
South Central region for the period of 2015-2019
Unit: billion VND
economic development during 2015- 2019
(Source: Calculated from statistical data of the Department of Finance, Department of
Planning and Investment of the South Central region)
2.2.2 Reality of investment capital for marine economic development in the South Central region during 2015 - 2019
2.2.2.1 Domestic investment capital
Over the past years, through financial and credit mechanisms and policies, provinces
in the South Central region have gradually improved their business environment to mobilize investment capital for marine economic development In the 2015 - 2019 period, provincial leaders paid special attention on investment promotion activities; relations with international organizations and investors have been expanded; many important events in foreign affairs activities, investment promotion have been organized, creating favorable conditions in attracting investment capital into the marine sector
a/ Investment capital from the state budget for marine economic development
Table 2.7 Investment capital from the state budget for marine economic sectors in the
South Central region during 2015 – 2019
Unit: Million VND
capital
Realized capital
Ratio (%)
Compared with requirement (%)
Trang 13b/ Investment capital from the State credit for marine economic development
In performing the tasks assigned by the Government and the Prime Minister, the Vietnam Development Bank (VDB) of the South Central region has been lending investment projects, contributing to strengthening technical facilities, economic development and restructuring towards industrialization and modernization and creating a driving force for the development of key industries or sectors under the Government's policy such as electricity, cement, shipbuilding and shipping, railway carriage building, chemicals, and processing industry (agricultural and fishery processing projects)
Table 2.8 Vietnam Development Bank’s lending for marine economy in the South
Central region during 2015-2019
Unit: Billion VND, percentage (%)
(Source: Authors' compilation from reports of Vietnam Development Banks in provinces
of the South Central region)
In the period 2015–2019, VDB in the South Central region had a steady increase in loan for the seafood processing sector over the years: 2015 - VND 1,845 billion in 2015;
2016 - an increased of 7.8%; 2017 an increase of VND 295 billion, or 14.8% compared to 2016; 2018 - an increase of 8.4% By 2019, loan for seafood processing reached 2,773 billion VND, an increase of 6.5% compared to 2018
c/ Investment capital from bank credit for marine economic development
Bank lending in the marine economy is receiving increasing attention On one hand, bank credit focuses on implementing policies of the Party and State towards marine economic development On the other hand, bank credit effectively serves the needs of loans for production and business activities of economic organizations and individuals operating
in the fisheries sector, hotel business, tourism, and shipping, ship and seaport building
The system of commercial banks in the South Central region over the years has disbursed capital for marine economy industries with increasing numbers over the years, contributing to capital support for marine economy entities For marine economy entities, bank loans mainly finance working capital In the long term, however, bank credit will act