18 cấu trúc câu Tiếng Anh trong bài viết lại câu1.. Ví dụ: - The top shelf is too high for the children to reach.. Ví dụ: - The top shelf is so high that the children can not reach it..
Trang 118 cấu trúc câu Tiếng Anh trong bài viết lại câu
1 S + began/started + to V/ V-ing + time ago (nhận dạng cấu trúc: began/ started to V/ Ving: bắt đầu làm gì)
Viết lại thành: S + have/has + P2 / been Ving+ for / since … Ví dụ: She began
to play the piano 5 years ago
=> She has played/ has been playing the piano for 5 years
2 S + last + Ved + time+ ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì
=> S + have/ has +not+ for + time
=> It’s + time+ since + S + last + Ved
=> The last time + S + V ed+ was + time + ago Ví dụ: It last snowed 2 weeksago
=> It hasn’t snowed for 2 weeks
=> It’s 2 weeks since it last snowed
=> The last time it snowed was 2 weeks ago
3 This is the first time + S +have/has+P2: Lần đầu làm gì
=> S +have/ has + never + P2+ before
=> S+ have/ has not+ P2+ before
Ví dụ: This is the first time I have met him
=> I have never met him before
=> I haven’t met him before
4 This is the Superlative (…est/ most ADJ N) S +have/has+P2
=> S +have/ has + never + P2+ such a/an+ ADJ+ N
=> S+ have/ has never+ P2+ a more + ADJ+ N than this
This is the most interesting novel I have ever read
=> I have never read such an interesting novel
=> I have never read a more interesting novel than this (one/ novel)
Trang 2Cấu trúc 5,6,7,8 thay thế cho nhau linh hoạt.
5 S + Be/V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: Quá để cho ai làm gì
Ví dụ:
- The top shelf is too high for the children to reach
- He ran too fast for me to follow
6 S + Be/V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V+O: Quá đến nỗi mà
Ví dụ:
- The top shelf is so high that the children can not reach it
- He ran so fast that I could not follow him
Notes: Trong cấu trúc So… that: vế sau that là mệnh đề mới nên cần có thêm Osau V nên ta có reach it và follow him, trong khi đó ở cấu trúc “too” thì không,các em hết sức lưu ý
Còn cấu trúc S + Be/V + so + many/much/little/few +N + that + S + V + O
Ví dụ:
She has so much work to do that she can not go out with me tonight
She has so many things to do that she can not go out with me tonight
7 It + Be/V + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N(s) + that + S + V +O: Quá đến nỗi mà
Ví dụ:
- It is such a high top shelf that the children can not reach it
- He was such a fast runner that I could not follow him
8 S + Be/V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something : Đủ cho ai đó làm gì
Chúng ta thường lấy ADJ đối nghĩa của ADJ cho sẵn trong câu “too” để dùngtạo câu mới
Ví dụ:
Trang 3She is too young to get married.
=> She isn’t old enough to get married
9 It’s adj (for Sb) to do sth: Ai đó làm gì như thế nào?
=> Doing sth be ADJ (for sb)
=> S find Ving/ it/ N + ADJ to do sth
Ví dụ:
It’s difficult for me to wake up early in the morning
=> Waking up early in the morning is difficult for me
=> I find waking up early in the morning difficult
=> I find it difficult to wake up in the morning (với N) I find English
interesting to study
Ví dụ:
It’s cool to try your best for what you want
=> Trying your best for what you want is cool I find it cool to try your best forwhat you want
10 S+ should/ ought to/ had better+ V Or If I were you,…
=> It’s time for sb to do sth
=> It’s (high/ about) time S+ did sth (thể hiện sự phàn nàn, chê trách “sao tớibây giờ mà vẫn chưa làm?”)
Ví dụ:
You’d better go right now
=> It’s time for you to go now
=> It’s time you went now
11 Although/ Though/ Even though + clause (S+V)
=> Despite / In spite of+ Noun/gerund (Ving)
=> Despite/ in spite of the fact that S+ V,…
Trang 4Ví dụ: Although they don’t have money, they still live happily.
=> Despite no money/ having no money, they still live happily
=> In spite of the fact that they don’t have money, they still live happily
12 S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V (chỉ mục đích)
=> S + V + to + V
Ví dụ: She studies hard in order that she can pass the final examination
=> She studies hard to pass the final examination
13 There’s no point in Ving: không đáng, không có ích khi làm gì?
=> It’s no good/ no use Ving
=> It’s not worth Ving
Ví dụ: There’s no point in arguing
=> It’s no good/ no use arguing
=> It’s not worth arguing
14 Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu gián tiếp
- Đề nghị: Suggest
Shall we+ V /Let's+ V /How/What about+ Ving /Why dont we + V
=> S+ suggested+ Ving: đề nghị cùng làm gì
Ví dụ: "Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy
=> The boy suggested going out for a walk
- Gợi ý cho người khác: “Why don’t you+ Vo?
=> S+ suggested+ that+ S+ should/shouldn't+ V Ví dụ: “Why don’t you have arest?” he said to her
=> He suggested that she should have a rest
- Cáo buộc : S accused Sb of doing sth
“You stole the money on the table”, she said to him
Trang 5=> She accused him of stealing the money on the table.
- Thừa nhận hoặc phủ nhận
S+ admitted/ denied+ Ving/ having P2 He said “Yes, I did”
=> He admitted stealing/ having stolen the money on the table He said: “ No, Ididn’t”
=> He denied stealing/ having stolen the money on the table
- Lời khuyên (should/ought to/ had better/ If I were you / Why don’t you)
S + advised sb + (not) to V
“If I were you, I would save some money ” she said
=> She advised me to save some money
“You shouldn’t believe him” Jane said to Peter
=> Jane advised Peter not to believe him
- Câu mời (Would you like ?) S+ offered Sb Sth
S+ offered to do Sth S + invited sb+ to V
Would you like a cup of coffee, Peter?” I said
=> I offered Peter a cup of coffee
“Would you like me to clean the house for you?” he said
=> He offered to clean the house for me
“Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said
=> He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night
- Dặn dò: S + remember + to do Sth
=> S + don’t forget + to do Sth
=> S remind Sb to do Sth
He told me: “Don’t forget to come here on time tomorrow”
=> He reminded me to come there on time the next day
Trang 6She said to all of us: “Remember to submit the report by this Thursday”
=> She reminded all of us to submit the report by that Thursday
- Cảm ơn: Thank Sb for Ving/ N
“Thank you for helping me finish this project “ he said to us
=> He thanked us for helping him finish that project “ Thank you for thislovely present.” I said to him
=> I thanked him for that lovely present
- Xin lỗi: S apologized to sb for Ving
“Sorry, I broke your vase” he said to his mother
=> He apologized to his mother for breaking her vase
- Khen ngợi: S congratulated Sb on Ving “Congratulations! You won thefirst prize” he said to me
=> He congratulated me on winning the first prize
- Đe dọa: S+ threatened (sb)+to V/ not to V : đe doạ (ai) làm gì He said " Iwill kill you if you don’t do that "-
=> He threatened to kill me if I didn’t do that
15 Chú ý đến các dạng cấu trúc trong câu điều kiện
- Unless = If not
If you don’t have a visa, you can not come to America
=> Unless you have a visa, you can not come to America
- Đảo ngữ trong điều kiện loại 1: Should+ S+ V
+ Loại 2: Were S+ Adj/N / to V
+ Loại 3: Had+ S+ (not) P2
You can ring this number whenever there is any difficulty
=> Should there be any difficulty, ring this number
16 Các cấu trúc liên quan đến so sánh:
Trang 7Sự chuyển đổi từ cấu trúc ngang bằng - so sánh hơn - so sánh hơn nhất: Ví dụ:Sally is the tallest girl in her class
=> No one in Sally’s class is as tall as her
=> No one in Sally’s class is taller than her
- Cấu trúc tăng tiến cấp độ: The 8-year-old bride movie is more and moreinteresting
- Cấu trúc càng… càng: The older he is, the less he wants to travel
17 Các cấu trúc liên quan đến bị động
- Have Sb do sth => have Sth done
Ví dụ: We get him to look after our house when we are on business
=> We get our house looked after (by him) when we are on business
- Make Sb do sth-> Sb be made to do Sth The teacher made the studentswork hard
=> The students were made to work hard
- People say S+ V
=> It be said that S+ V
=> S be said to V/ to have P2
Ví dụ: People say that he drinks a lot of wine
=> It is said that he drinks a lot of wine
=> He is said to drink a lot of wine
18 Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu đảo ngữ.
- Never will I speak to him again
- No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang
- Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang
- Only after posting the letter did I realize that I had forgotten to put on astamp
Trang 8- Not until I asked a passer-by did I know where I was = It was not until Iasked a passer-by that I knew where I was.
- Around the corner is the hospital
BÀI TẬP VIẾT LẠI CÂU Exercise 1
1 “ Why don’t you put better lock on the door, Barbara”? said John
4 The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house
6 “ How many survivors are there?”, asked the journalist
=> The journalist wanted to
know………
7 It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away
=> The meat was………
Trang 98 It is essential that Professor Van Helsing is met at the airport.
=> Professor Van
Helsing………
9 You can’t visit the USA unless you have a visa
=> If you………
10 “ Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet”? asked Peter
=> Peter asked if………
11 She started working as a secretary five years ago
16 The children couldn’t go swimming because the sea was rough
=> The sea was
Trang 1024 Apples are usually cheaper than oranges.
=> Apple are not………
25 I advice you to put your money in the bank
30 She isn’t accustomed to life in London
=> She’s not used to………
31 “Don’t forget to phone the office,” she told him
Trang 1134 I couldn’t hear them because they were speaking too softly.
=> They were speaking………
35 We spent 5 hours getting to London
39 The bread is so tale we can’t eat it
=> The bread isn’t………
40 Who does this bag belong to?
Trang 1244 How have you been getting on with your enquiries?
52 The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it
=> The furniture was too………
53 The robbers made the bank manager hand over on the money
=> The bank manager………
54 Tom learned to drive when he was nineteen
=> Tom has………
55 She had never been so unhappy before
=> She was unhappier………
56 It was so late that nothing could be done
Trang 1373 We couldn’t drive because of the fog.
The fog prevented………
74 Although his leg was broken he managed to get out of the car
Trang 1488 The water was so cold that the children couldn’t swim in it.
The water was
not………
89 Somebody repaired her car yesterday
Trang 1597 I’ve warned you not go to near that dog.
=> I’ve warned you
about………
Trang 1698 No, please don’t tell him.
Trang 17114 This exercise was very difficult We couldn't do it.
This exercise was so
115 But for your help, I couldn't have passed the exam
Trang 18122 It's ages since I last talked to him.
127 The hotel didn't come up to our expectations
The hotel fell
128 Mr Hung is the most intelligent person I've ever known
Trang 19137 "Don't stand there, the man said to his son.
The man ordered
138 "I'm sorry I'm late, said Ha
144 “You cheated in the final exam” said The teacher to Trang
The teacher accused
145 “It was kind of you to help me with my homework”Lan said to Hoa.Lan thanks
146 She was sentenced to six months in prison for her part in the robbery.She received
Trang 20147 He is too short to play basketball.
Trang 21ANSWER KEYS
1 John suggested that Barry should put a better lock on the door
2 Despite his both broken legs, he managed to………
3.This is time I have eaten this kind of food
4 Plans for an extension to the house have been drawn by the architect./ Planshave been drawn for an extension by the architect
5 You don’t have to finish by Saturday
6 The journalist wanted to know how many survivors there were./ The number
of the survivors there were
7 The meat was so rotten that it had to be thrown away
8 …….must be met at the airport
9 don’t have a visa you can’t …………
10 …… if he could borrow Janet’s typewriter
11 ….been working as a …… for 5 years
12 ……… so much about it as she does
13……….used to driving on the left
14…………of the house is thought to be abroad
15 If we had enough money we would have gone on holiday
16 …… was too rough for the children to ………
17 I got / had my car serviced by the mechanic last week / I got the mechanic
to service my car last week./ I had the mechanic service my car last week
18 ………by air always makes me ……
19 …… was too expensive for him to buy
20 …….that I (should) put my ………
21 In spite of having / his/ earning a good salary, he was unhappy in his job
22 I wish I had gone to your birthday party./ I hadn’t missed your birthdayparty
23………….haven’t been cleaned this week
24………usually as expensive as ………
25.You’d better put your money in the bank
26………… a dirty restaurant that no one wants to eat there
Trang 2227 Would you like me to pick the children up? / mind if I pick up the children?
28 He was annoyed at / about his secretary coming late to work / because hissecretary came to work late
29……….pupil is as industrious as Tom
30 She’s not used to living / life in London
31 She reminded him to phone the office
32 I wish I had (got) time to listen to you
33 John has just been released by the police
34 They were speaking too softly for me to hear / so softly that I couldn’thear them
35 It took us 5 hours to get to London
36 It takes me 20 minutes to get to work
37 This work must be finished by Monday
38 I wish I had taken my doctor’s advice
39 The bread isn’t fresh enough to eat
40 Whose bag is this? / is this bag?
41……… his temper very easily
42…….how long you use it , it won’t wear out
43 Get the work finished by lunchtime and you can go home
44………….progress have you made with your enquiries?
45 I needn’t have given Ted the massage, because he already knew about it
46 The sow prevented the trains from running
47 I wasn’t early enough to see him
48 I apologize for being rude to you yesterday
49 If she had hurried, she would have caught the train
50 No one in the club is better at tennis than B
51 It’s the first time I have seen that man
52.The furniture was too expensive for me to buy
53.The bank manager was made to hand over the money
54 Tom has been able to drive since he was nineteen
55 She was unhappier than she had ever before
Trang 2356 …late to do anything.
57 After leaving/ having left the school, he joined the army
58 The plumber repaired the leak this morning
59 How beautiful this flower is!
60 Somebody stole his watch yesterday
61 She hasn’t had a swim for 5 years
62 “please wake me at 8 tomorrow morning”, I said to ………
63 … of the meeting will have to be changed
64 …… to have the car repaired
65 … doesn’t take as long as the bus
66 It is over 6 m since J had his hair cut
67 Maria wishes she had been put in a higher class
68 I’ll finish the work tonight if you like
69 In case get hungry on the train you’d better take …
70 ……has left the car keys, we could have picked him up at ……
71 …… if John would come
72 ……… bit the postman
73 ………us from driving
74 …….of having a broken leg, he manged to get out of the car
75 ……….such a hard cake that i couldn’t eat it
76 …….rained we would have gone
77 ………cooks better than me
78 ……… to have change for a pound?
79 ……… win the race
80 ……….since Mary rang
81 …….I had finished my homework last night
82 “ How do you like my dress, M?” she asked
83 … a train that leaves at 8………
84 It can’t be denied that she has a beautiful voice
85 ………helping me to put the chair away
86 ……somebody sends for a doctor, the child will die