Themenwahl und Forschungsgegenstand
Germany has long been recognized for its rich culture of popular literature, particularly in poetry While many German masterpieces have been translated into various languages, there is a notable scarcity of Vietnamese adaptations This shortage, in my opinion, stems from the limited research on translation methods for German poetry into Vietnamese.
While preparing my bachelor's thesis, I encountered numerous studies on translation methods across various genres; however, I could not find any research on poetry translation from German to Vietnamese in my university databases This gap motivated me to choose this topic for my thesis, as it is both intriguing and relevant to the current context Additionally, I recognize the need for Vietnamese translators to examine German-Vietnamese translation methods to enhance the quality of poetry adaptations As a student specializing in translation with a keen interest in German literacy, researching translation methods will not only benefit my academic and career prospects but also satisfy my passion and curiosity for German poetry.
Diese Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit den ĩbersetzungsverfahren beim ĩbersetzen der deutschen Gedichte durch zwei Werke „Liebste sollten mir heute sagen" und
"Was will die einsame Trọne?“ von Heinrich Heine und ihre vietnamesische ĩbersetzungsversionen von Quang Chien, nọmlich "Người yờu dấu nhất ơi !" und
"Em muốn gì hỡi giọt lệ cô đơn?".
Zielsetzung
In dieser Bachelorarbeit mửchte ich die ĩbersetzungsverfahren beim ĩbersetzen der deutschen Gedichte durch ausgewọhlte Werke herausfinden
Fỹr spezifischere und praktischere Recherchen beschọftige ich mich mit den Originalwerken und ihren ĩbersetzungen, um die ĩbersetzungsverfahren in jedem Gedicht zu zeigen.
Forschungsfragen
Diese Bachelorarbeit wurde basierend auf der folgenden Frage umgesetzt:
Welche ĩbersetzungsverfahren hat der ĩbersetzer angewendet, um zwei deutsche Gedichte von Heinrich Heine ins Vietnamesische zu übersetzen?
Forschungsmethoden
This bachelor's thesis employed various methods for its execution The primary theoretical methods used for gathering necessary information were analysis and synthesis In the practical investigation, examples from the poems of Heinrich Heine were compared and analyzed in detail alongside Vietnamese adaptations by translator Quang Chien.
Das Leben von Heinrich Heine
German literature has long left an unforgettable mark on admirers worldwide, achieving success through its artistic and spiritual value Throughout its development, it has elevated the names of various authors to international prominence Heinrich Heine stands out as one of these authors, becoming one of the most significant poets and journalists of the 19th century.
Christian Johann Heinrich Heine, also known as Harry Heine, was born in Düsseldorf in the late 1790s Little did he know that he would eventually become a remarkable literary figure However, success did not come easily for Heine, as his journey was marked by challenges and perseverance.
Lebenslauf im Vergleich mit anderen Dichter in der gleichen Epoche, durch stetige Erfolge und Niederlagen gekennzeichnet
Initially, he did not pursue a career in literature; instead, he worked in his uncle's fabric business after completing an internship, which soon went bankrupt Consequently, he studied law at universities in Bonn, Göttingen, and Berlin During the winter semester of 1819/20, he attended a lecture on the history of the German language and poetry by August Wilhelm Schlegel.
During this period, the lectures of philosopher Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel had a significant literary impact on Heinrich Heine, igniting his interest in society and literature Despite facing challenges during his studies due to his Jewish heritage, Heine ultimately graduated in the year.
In 1824, Heinrich Heine was born in Göttingen and underwent baptism in 1825, adopting the name Heinrich Heine to enhance his career prospects After experiencing numerous upheavals, he relocated to Paris in 1831 due to increasing hostility towards his Jewish heritage and political views, particularly in Prussia, along with the oppressive censorship in Germany In 1833, he met his love, later known as Mathilde, and although their marriage remained childless, they outlived each other by 25 years.
Heinrich Heine dedicated his life to literature, contributing significantly to the development of German literature with countless masterpieces However, in the final years of his life, he faced immense challenges, suffering from illness that left him bedridden for eight years He passed away in 1856 in Paris and was laid to rest in Montmartre Cemetery His story is one of a genius who achieved success yet endured a painful and lonely existence.
Merkmale der Werke von Heinrich Heine
Heinrich Heine gehửrt zur Gruppe der Autoren, die sich in der Zeit um 1800 keiner Epoche eindeutig zuordnen lassen Deshalb verọndern die Merkmale seiner Werke sich durch jede Phase
Heinrich Heine transformed everyday language into poetry and created a new art form through his feuilleton and travel writing In his youth, he focused on lyric poetry, heavily influenced by German Romanticism, which emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries during a time of upheaval in Europe People experienced various forms of oppression and were unsettled by the changes brought about by industrialization, leading to a sense of alienation from their world They longed for a freer life, rich emotions, and often retreated into fantasy, while also nostalgically recalling a supposedly better past Heine's poems from this period frequently explore themes of unrequited love and emotional exaggeration, while also parodying these feelings His work reflects broader aspects of the era, such as the valorization of the irrational, the importance of creative imagination, and a deep interest in religion, mysticism, and the individual.
„Buch der Lieder“ (1827) ist ein gutes Beispiel, um die Merkmale der Heines
The poetry of the Romantic era expresses various feelings of love and often draws inspiration from folk songs, which contributed to their popularity In the second phase of this movement, Heinrich Heine's poems began to distinguish themselves from earlier works During the 1830s and 1840s, Heine focused primarily on societal issues and their evolution.
According to Schmitz, Sieber, and Sonntag (2015, p 148), Heinrich Heine's works primarily captivated readers while provoking significant annoyance among politicians This reaction can be understood in the context of the German Confederation, where, following the July Revolution in France in 1830, there was a growing demand for liberalism and legal reforms (Koithan, Schmitz, Sieber, and Sonntag 2015, p 148) Unfortunately, Heine's writings faced considerable opposition during this tumultuous period.
In 1835, Heinrich Heine's works were banned in the German Confederation, characterized by satirical texts and poetry His final creative period coincided with his illness and struggles, occurring in the last years of his life Consequently, his writings reflect a deep engagement with themes of God, as well as mythological and historical subjects.
Zum Schluss lọsst sich sagen, dass Heinrich Heine ein Sonderfall in seiner Epoche ist, d.h., der als „Romantiker“ begann, sich aber bald von der „Romantik“ distanziert (z.n Dửrte Lỹtvogt 2017, S.72)
Zum Begriff „ĩbersetzen“
Language has always played an essential role as a key means of communication in human life However, the act of translation seeks to enhance and expand the functions of language, enabling people worldwide to communicate, connect, and conduct business Thus, translation is considered an indispensable effort to overcome language and cultural barriers Despite this, many of us do not fully understand what translation entails It can often be simply defined as the "written representation in another language" or a "language game." In fact, several definitions of translation have been developed along these lines.
Beispielsweise wird ĩbersetzen als: „Die ĩbertragung von Gesprochenem oder Geschriebenem aus einer Sprache in eine andere.“ (Stolz 2008, S.13)
While this definition of reliable sources is provided, it remains overly simplistic and not entirely accurate Furthermore, it has been shaped more by personal opinions and feelings rather than a scientific inclination.
Over time, it has become clear that the vague definition of translation is outdated and insufficient This general term often leads to misconceptions, as it fails to encompass the various definitions of translation that include more scientific factors.
In seinem Buch Einfỹhrung in die ĩbersetzungswissenschaft hat Koller unterschiedliche Definitionen herausgebracht und einer der bedeutendsten von Wilss, das ist:
Translation is a process of text processing and verbalization that transforms a source language text into a target language text with the aim of achieving equivalence It requires a deep understanding of both the content and style of the original text This process consists of two main phases: a comprehension phase, where the translator analyzes the source text for its meaning and stylistic intentions, and a linguistic reconstruction phase, where the translator reproduces the analyzed text while optimally considering communicative equivalence.
Translation is viewed as a process that involves not only transferring the content and literal meanings of words from the source text but also conveying figurative meanings and cultural nuances suitable for the target text This process can be divided into two main phases, during which translators must dedicate significant time to preparation activities such as research, ensuring they produce a high-quality translation.
Im Vergleich zu der folgenden Definition hat Nord eine Gemeinsamkeit und sie hat auch ỹber ĩbersetzen formuliert wie folgt:
Translation is not merely a linguistic replacement or reproduction activity, such as code-switching, but rather a communicative act between individuals belonging to different cultural communities This perspective highlights the importance of action-theoretical and cultural scientific factors that were previously overlooked due to a focus on linguistic structures.
According to Nord (2010, p 26), translation is a lengthy process rather than a temporary task that can be completed quickly Furthermore, it is evident from the definitions presented that for Nord, translation results from a blend of various factors, which span multiple domains such as culture, communication methods, and action theory.
Schlieòlich lọsst sich sagen, dass zwar es fỹr uns schwierig ist, ĩbersetzen zu definieren, aber man kann sich darauf verlassen, wie man versteht, um die verfügbare Option zu finden
Zum Begriff „Literaturübersetzen“ und „Gedichtübersetzung “
Literary translation has existed for a long time and has become a distinct and typical form of translation today This challenging stage in the translation process requires translators to possess both general knowledge and cultural understanding Unlike other forms of translation, such as technical translation, literary translation encompasses a wide range of texts that include cultural, philosophical, and emotional factors German philologist and translator Werner von Koppenfels has defined literary translation in a way that highlights its complexity and depth.
The aesthetically fruitful tension inherent in intertextuality is exemplified in the dual nature of literary translation, which serves as both reproduction and production It involves critical analysis and poetic synthesis, navigating between foreign and native linguistic systems, as well as the distinct times and societies of both the original and translating authors.
Literary translation is a unique form of translation that incorporates artistic elements, requiring translators to thoroughly research and reproduce the entire content of the source text This process goes beyond merely conveying word meanings, as translators often critique the original work Individuals passionate about creating literary works must possess significant insights or professional expertise to succeed in this field.
Poetry translation represents a unique category within the field of literary translation Despite its significance, there are currently limited studies focused on poetry translation, and no established definitions for this emerging concept Notably, Andreas Wittbrodt addresses this topic in his book "Verfahren der Gedichtübersetzung" (1985), where he introduces the term related to this specialized practice.
„adaptierende Gedichtübersetzung“, der im Zusammenhang mit Gedichtübersetzen steht Er hat in Anschluss daran eine Definition der adaptierenden Gedichtübersetzung formuliert:
The process of adaptive poetry translation, also known as rephrasing, is a method of literary text processing aimed at reproducing the original work while also expressing the translator's own intent or desired impact.
Translating poetry differs from literary translation in that it allows for greater personal expression This enables the translator to retain both the content and style of the original poet while blending in their own style, making the translation more captivating Additionally, it helps to shape the translator's unique voice and distinguishes their work within the translation community.
Both literary translation and poetry translation hold significant importance in the translation world and in the spiritual lives of people globally Therefore, anyone wishing to pursue this profession must harmonize various factors, including comprehensive language skills, fluent proficiency in foreign languages, extensive and profound knowledge of literature, and strong comprehension and retention abilities.
ĩbersetzungsverfahren
Zum Begriff „ĩbersetzungsverfahren“
In vielen Bỹchern ỹber ĩbersetzungswissenschaft stửòt man oft auf die Äuòerung
„ĩbersetzungsverfahren“ Was ist aber ein ĩbersetzungsverfahren (ĩV)? Jede Person hat jedoch unterschiedliche Meinungen zum Begriff
The concept of "translation procedures" is complex, making it challenging to provide a satisfactory definition that resonates with everyone The definitions and classifications of translation procedures are often debated, leading to various interpretations of the term This bachelor's thesis will focus on the foundational views of Kautz (2002) and Wills (1977) regarding translation procedures According to Kautz (2002), translation procedures can also be understood in the German context.
„ĩbersetzungsmethode“ (Reiò 1983) bzw „ĩbersetzungsprozeduren“ (Wilss 1977) nennen Dies ist sogar im „Langenscheidts Groòwửrterbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache“ (2008) bewiesen, dass das Wort Verfahren als Synonym zu
The method of defining translation has sparked significant controversy within the translation community Most professionals in the field believe it is essential to differentiate between translation methods and translation procedures Consequently, each individual tends to have their own interpretation of this term Ultimately, translation procedures manifest distinctly in various ways.
Translation procedures refer to micro-strategic operations that translators employ to address specific translation challenges These operations are part of a broader micro-strategy aimed at providing functionally adequate solutions, taking into account the unique communication context of both the source and target texts.
According to Kautz (2002, p 127), it can be inferred that translation strategies are essentially a compilation of various translation solutions that can be applied to specific contexts and functions Schreiber believes that, in line with Kautz's definition, translation methods are techniques that pertain to smaller text segments and are dependent on the language and cultural pairs involved (Schreiber 1993, p [insert page number]).
54f.), d.h., fỹr ihn gilt ĩV auch als konkrete Techniken bzw Lửsungsstrategien in konkreten ĩbersetzungssituationen
The classification of translation methods is a contentious topic with varying opinions Fundamentally, the differences in translation methods are based on diverse factors, such as the content and source language elements (Kautz 2002, p 128) According to Wills, this leads to two main categories of translation approaches.
The main types of translation methods commonly used in translation studies are highlighted in this article A notable aspect of this researcher’s work is the preference for the term "translation methods" over "translation procedures." However, throughout the study, translation methods and procedures are treated as synonyms.
Auòerdem versucht er auch die Grundgedanken der „Stilistique comparộe“ mit der folgenden Grafik zu erhellen (vgl., Wills 1977, S.121, z.n Le Hoai An 2010, S.174)
According to the classification of translation procedures by Wills, translation methods can be divided into two main types: literal translation and non-literal translation These terms encompass various subtypes, each referred to by different names Sections 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 will present and discuss these literal and non-literal translation procedures Despite ongoing controversies in the translation field, these methods enhance the quality of translations and are considered essential tools for translators.
Wửrtliche ĩbersetzungsverfahren
According to Wills, literal translation methods (substitution) represent the first type of translation techniques This classification is based on the text elements involved From this perspective, a definition of literal translation methods can be inferred as follows:
„ĩbersetzungsverfahren, bei denen ausgangsprachliche Textelemente durch ĩbersetzungsprozeduren
Modulation (semantische Paraphrasierung) inhaltlich und formal weitgehend gleiche Textelemente ersetzt werden“ (Wills
The definition presented above indicates that literal translation methods primarily involve how translators perform the translation, ensuring that both the characteristics of the content and the form of the source text (ST) are preserved in the target text (TT) In Vietnamese, literal translation methods are referred to as "dịch nguyên văn/dịch nguyên tự/dịch thay thế."
Daneben ist wửrtliche ĩV in anderen kleinen ĩV unterteilt, die
The terms "Lehnübersetzung," "wörtliche Übersetzung," and "Wort-für-Wort Übersetzung" refer to different types of translation methods In Vietnamese, these are known as "dịch căn ke (dịch sao phỏng)," "dịch đối từ," and "dịch nguyên văn," respectively (Le Hoai An 2011, p 242).
Im Gegensatz zu dem oben genannten Namen gibt es auch andere Namen, die verbreiteter benutzt wird und mehr akademische Faktoren enthalten
Emprunt (Direktentlehnung) (wird auch im Vietnamesischen als "mu n từ“ genannt), d.h die graphisch und inhaltlich unverọnderte ĩbernahme ausgangssprachlicher Lexeme in die Zielsprache
Calque (Lehnübersetzung) (wird auch im Vietnamesischen als "sao phỏng“ genannt), d.h die von der zielsprachlichen Sprachgemeinschaft geduldete lineare Ersetzung morphologisch analysierbarer ausgangssprachlicher Syntagmen (vorwiegend Substantiv-
Zusammensetzungen und Adjektiv-Substantiv-Kollokationen)
Traduction littộrale (wortgetreue ĩbersetzung) (wird auch im Vietnamesischen als "dịch nguyên tự“ genannt), d.h die Ersetzung ausgangssprachlicher syntaktischer Strukturen durch formal entsprechende, inhaltlich sinngleiche syntaktische Strukturen in der Zielsprache
The formulation of this term involves various components and influencing factors, leading to significant variations in terminology between theorists and practitioners This article will further explore the concept in detail.
Nichtwửrtliche ĩbersetzungsverfahren
Neben den wửrtlichen ĩV hửrt man sicherlich ỹber nichtwửrtliche ĩbersetzungsverfahren Was ist aber „nichtwửrtlich“? Wie kann man das Wort
„nichtwửrtliche ĩV“ verstehen? Im Verstọndnis mit dieser Konfusion lọsst sich Wills eine Definition einfallen:
„ĩbersetzungsverfahren, bei denen mehr oder minder weitreichender inhaltliche und/oder Verọnderungen ausgangssprachlicher Textelemente in der Zielsprache vorgenommen werden“
According to Wills (1977, p 105), translation processes are considered translator interventions that must be examined in the context of cultural and linguistic contact Consequently, non-verbal interventions should also encompass cultural and linguistic factors, indicating alterations compared to the source text (ST) However, non-verbal interventions do not completely transform the ST In Vietnamese translation studies, the term "dịch chuyển đổi/dịch như ý" (Le Hoai An 2011, p 242) is used to refer to non-verbal interventions.
Die Klassifikation von nichtwửrtlichen ĩV ist auch in der ĩbersetzungswelt kontrovers Laut der Grundlagen von Vinay und Darbelnet (1958) hat Stolz (2008, S.71- 73) nichtwửrtliche ĩV wie folgt untergeteilt:
Abbildung 2: Die Klassifizierung von nichtwửrtliche ĩbersetzungsverfahren nach
In my bachelor's thesis, I focus on Kautz's classification, which, according to Kautz (2002, p 129), divides non-verbal indicators into two categories One category is "Transposition (syntactic paraphrasing) / grammatical translation methods," while the other falls under "Modulation (semantic paraphrasing)."
In the context of transposition, only grammatical and syntactic factors from the source text have been altered There are numerous subcategories for this process Below are the types of transposition categorized into specific groups, each accompanied by examples in German, Vietnamese, and sometimes English.
Mit einem FệJ kửnnen die Jugendlichen praktische Erfahrungen (Pl) sammeln (dt.)
Young people can gain practical experience through hands-on activities In the context of language learning, the verb "man" is used in an active voice, as in the phrase "One gives them a scarf." This highlights the importance of understanding non-literal translation methods.
Transposition (Wortartwechsel) Modulation, équivalence, adaptation
Cô ấy được tặng một cái khăn choàng (Passiv) (vi.)
Wechsel der Verbform Er vermeidet es immer, sich mit mir zu treffen
He always avoids meeting(Gerundium) up with me (eng.)
Tempuswechsel beim Verb Er kommt spọt nach Hause (Prọsens) (dt.)
He has come home late (Present Perfect) (eng.)
Wortartwechsel Ich tanze (Verb) nacht (dt.)
Tôi không phải là vũ công (Substantiv) (vi.) Entkategorisierung Du kennst ihn wohl? (dt.) (Modalpartikel)
Bạn biết anh ta, phải không? (vi.) (Frageanhọngsel)
Syntaktische Umstellung und Verọnderung der Satzstruktur
Syntaktische Transformation Die person, die als Erbe angegeben wird,…
Người mà được xướng tên với tư cách người thừa kế… (Passiv) (vi.)
Satzteilumstellung Gestern (Satzanfang) traf ich mich mit meinen
Freunden in einem Kafé (dt.)
Tôi đã gặp bạn bè ở quán cafe hôm qua (Satzende)
Satzgliedwechsel Laut einer Forschung der Universitọt von
20 Minuten in einem Park aus, um sich entspannter und glücklicher zu fühlen (dt.)
Nghiên cứu của trường đại học Alabama
(Subjekt) chỉ ra rằng 20 phút ở trong công viên là đủ để khiến bạn cảm thấy thữ giãn và vui vẻ hơn
Verọnderung der Satzgliedfolge Eine Schuhe kaufe ich im Supermarkt (dt.)
Tôi mua đôi giầy trong siêu thị (vi.)
S P O Satzfolgeọnderung Ich bekomme gute Noten (Hauptsatz), weil ich so fleiòig war (Nebensatz) (dt.)
Vì tôi đã rất chăm chỉ nên tôi đạt điểm cao (vi.)
Umverknỹpfung von Sọtzen Weil sie es nicht gut findet, zu spọt ins Bett zu gehen, versucht sie, früher zu schlafen, damit sie am nọchsten Tag nicht mỹde ist
Cô ấy nhận thức được rằng việc thức khuya không tốt cho sức khỏe, vì vậy cô quyết định đi ngủ sớm hơn Nhờ đó, cô cảm thấy không còn mệt mỏi vào ngày hôm sau.
Abbildung 3: Die Klassifizierung von ĩbersetzungsverfahren in Bezug auf
Unlike the previously mentioned reference, only semantic factors from AT are altered during modulation In this context, IV is also divided into many small groups The explanation will be expressed subsequently and will include examples in German, Vietnamese, and English, showcasing the translation procedures involved.
Entmetaphorisierung Das ist doch Schnee von gestern (dt.)
Cái đó cũ lắm rồi!
Ausgangsprachliche Metapher neutraler Ausdruck der Zielsprache
Metaphorisierung Er ist der hübschte Mann in der Schule (dt.)
Anh ấy là soái ca của trường
Neutraler ausgangsprachlicher Ausdruck → Metapher in der Zielsprache
Wechsel von Aufforderungssatz zu Fragesatz
Dech den Tisch! (dt.) Aufforderungssatz
Con dọn phòng giúp mẹ được không? (vi.)
Entschuldigung, kửnnten Sie mir bitte sagen, wo der Flughafen ist? (dt.) Fragesatz
Xin lỗi, ngài làm ơn chỉ tôi đường đến sân bay với (vi.) Aussagesatz
Synonymische ĩbersetzung Wow! Deine Halskette ist sehr schửn (dt.)
Chà! Cái vòng cổ của cậu rất đẹp (vi.) (Mit annọhernd identischer propositionaler Bedeutung.)
Antonymische ĩbersetzung Mir geht´s sehr schlecht! (dt.)
Tớ cảm thấy không khỏe! (vi.) (Mit entgegengesetzter propositionaler Bedeutung in Verbindung mit Verneinung.)
Kompression bzw Implikation und Expansion bzw Explikation
Kompression bzw Implikation Vietnams Prọsident Tran Dai Quang ist tot (dt.)
Chủ tịch nước Trần Đại Quang từ trần (vi.) Expansion bzw Explikation Auf der Konferenz der ASEAN (Association of
South East Asian Nations), die kurzlich stattfand (dt.)
Tại những hội nghị ASEAN gần đây (vi.)
Generalisierung Vergiss nicht zu schalten! (dt.)
Đừng quên thay dụng cụ! (vi.) Konkretisierung Er erwiderte (dt.)
Anh ta thú nhận (vi.)
Remetaphorisierung Der Unfall forderte acht Menschenleben (dt.)
Vụ tai nạn cướp đi 8 mạng sống Ersetzen einer ausgangsprachlichen Metapher durch eine zielsprachliche Metapher
Paraphasierung Lass uns ein Lookbook nehmen (dt.)
Hãy chụp một bộ ảnh mà thể hiện phong cách cũng như gợi ý xu hướng thời trang Zielsprachliche Umschreibung wegen Fehlens einer Entsprechung
Muntation Roses red and roses white
Plucked I for my love´s delight
Verwendung zur Erhaltung der invarianten Form in expressiven Texten
Văn bản nghành công nghệ: Cài đặt phần mềm (vi.)
Bankensektor Text: Benutzerkonto einrichten (dt.)
Văn bản nghành ngân hàng: Cài đặt tài khoản (vi.)
Abbildung 4: Die Klassifizierung von ĩbersetzungsverfahren in Bezug auf
Based on my preliminary research, I have identified two new non-verbal translation methods that have not yet been studied in German Therefore, I will present these new methods in my bachelor's thesis, provisionally termed "word supplementation" and "word omission," drawing on the foundations laid by Nguyễn Hồng Cổn A brief Vietnamese definition for these new methods will also be provided.
Thêm hoặc bớt từ ngữ là kỹ thuật quan trọng trong việc mở rộng hoặc rút gọn cấu trúc câu, giúp quá trình dịch từ ngôn ngữ nguồn sang ngôn ngữ đích trở nên mạch lạc và dễ hiểu hơn.
(Nguyễn Hồng Cổn 2006: S.34) Entsprechend der obigen Definition werden diese beiden ĩbersetzungsverfahren in Bezug auf Semantik klassifiziert, weil diese neuen Verfahren allerdings zur Verọnderung der Satzbedeutung gefỹhrt haben
Auf Grund der genannten Klassifikation kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass ĩbersetzungsverfahren sich verschiedenen kleinen Typen enthalten, die allerdings unterschiedliche Funktionen haben Deshalb müssen sie gleichbenutzt werden zur guten ĩbersetzung
This section of the work thoroughly explores translation methods through the analysis, description, and comparison of selected translations of German poems The conclusions regarding the types of translation methods are based on their distinct characteristics, as outlined in the third part It is important to note that this bachelor's thesis does not include evaluations or assessments, but rather presents a personal analysis grounded in the categories established by Wills, Nord, and Kautz.
The following includes poems by Heinrich Heine alongside translations by Quang Chien, along with an analysis of the translation methods used in each work These methods are categorized into two types: "literal translation techniques" and "interpretative translation techniques."
1 Liebste, sollst mir heute sagen Người yêu dấu nhất ơi…!
Liebste, sollst mir heute sagen:
Bist du nicht ein Traumgebild',
Aus dem Hirn des Dichters quillt?
Aber nein, ein solches Mündchen,
Solch ein liebes, sỹòes Kindchen,
Das erschafft der Dichter nicht
Die erschafft des Dichters Feu'r
Aber dich und deine Tücke,
Und die falschen frommen Blicke -
Das erschafft der Dichter nicht
Người yêu dấu nhất ơi, hãy nói cho tôi biết:
Em là hình ảnh mộng mơ trong những ngày hè oi ả, hiện lên từ tâm trí của nhà thơ Với nụ cười tươi và ánh sáng mê hồn trong đôi mắt, em là cô bé ngọt ngào, đáng yêu vô cùng, một hình ảnh mà nhà thơ không thể nào quên.
Rắn đầu gà và ma hút máu người là những hình ảnh kỳ bí trong thần thoại Những con rồng mình giun và yêu quái thể hiện sự đa dạng của các sinh vật huyền thoại Các thú gớm ghê này không chỉ là nỗi sợ hãi mà còn là nguồn cảm hứng cho sự sáng tạo trong thơ ca Lửa hồn thơ có khả năng thổi bùng lên những câu chuyện kỳ diệu và huyền bí.
Nhưng mà em có mưu kế hiểm sâu,
Có gương mặt đẹp xinh kỳ lạ,
Có ánh mắt chiên lành dối trá - Không nhà thơ nào sáng tạo nổi em đâu!
2 Was will die einsame Trọne? Em muốn gỡ, hỡi giọt lệ cụ đơn?
Was will die einsame Trọne?
Sie trübt mir ja den Blick
Sie blieb aus alten Zeiten
Sie hatte viel leuchtende Schwestern,
Mit meinen Qualen und Freuden,
Zerflossen in Nacht und Wind
Wie Nebel sind auch zerflossen
Die mir jene Freuden und Qualen
Em muốn gì, hỡi giọt lệ cô đơn?“
Khiến mắt tôi vẫn ảm đạm, u buồn
Từ những thời đã qua đi mãi mãi Trong mắt tôi giọt lệ còn lưu lại
Trong cuộc sống, có rất nhiều chị em tỏa sáng, nhưng rồi mọi thứ cũng sẽ phai nhạt Niềm vui và nỗi khổ của cuộc đời tôi hòa quyện, tan biến giữa đêm tối và cơn mưa gió của cuộc sống.
Và như khói, như sương, tan biến hết
Cả những vì sao nhỏ xinh, xanh biếc, Đã một thời mang đau khổ, niềm vui, Đã mỉm cười làm xao xuyến lòng tôi
Mối tình của tôi đã tan vỡ, như gió thoảng mây trôi Nỗi cô đơn và những giọt lệ vẫn còn đọng lại, nhưng giờ đây, tôi chỉ mong mọi thứ sẽ sớm tan biến.
Wửrtliche ĩbersetzungsverfahren
Due to certain limitations regarding creativity and practical applicability, it is often believed that literal translation methods are unsuitable for literary works and are rarely used in poetry translation However, this does not imply that such methods are never employed in literary translation The following analysis serves as evidence for this viewpoint, examining selected translations through three specific procedures: "Emprunt (Direct Borrowing)."
„Calque (Lehnỹbersetzung)“, „Traduction littộrale (wortgetreue ĩbersetzung)“
Die erste ĩbersetzung „Người yờu dấu nhất ơi…!”
Die wửrtlichen ĩV wurden deutlich im dritten Vers ausgedrỹckt Sie kửnnen hier durch ihre Zeichen ziemlich einfach herausgefunden werden
Mit diesem Beispiel kann man auf ersten Blick erkennen, dass die Reihenfolge jedes Satzglieds sowie Konnektor „und“ im obigen Beispiel nicht geọndert wurden
Im Vietnamesischen wird der Konnektor „und“ normalerweise als „cùng”, „với”,
„và” übersetzt Deshalb kann man sagen, dass die Bedeutungen von ihnen erhalten bleiben und die vietnamesische ĩbersetzung die Botschaft oder den Stil des Autors nicht ọndert
Beispiel Nr 2 dt Lindenwürm' und Ungeheu'r vi Những con rồng mình giun và yêu quái,
The order of each sentence component in the Vietnamese translation remains unchanged compared to the original text The meanings of the translated words reflect the most common interpretations by people and are not altered for aesthetic or expressive purposes Consequently, this results in the German terms "Basilisken" and "Vampire" being directly linked to "Rắn đầu gà cùng ma hút máu người."
Lesen der vietnamesischen ĩbersetzung weiterhin alle Intentionen des Autors garantiert
Beispiel Nr 3 dt Solche schlimme Fabeltiere, vi Những con thú gớm ghê trong thần thoại,
This example represents a special case in translation, where the change in the position of nouns and adjectives is evident without needing further analysis This phenomenon is considered a literal translation method due to the significant differences in structure between German and Vietnamese In German, adjectives must precede nouns, whereas in Vietnamese, this positioning does not convey meaning Consequently, translators must adjust the placement of these word classes without adding or omitting sentence elements to preserve the original meaning According to theoretical foundations, this situation exemplifies a literal translation approach.
In conclusion, the translator in this verse employed "traduction littérale" (literal translation) due to the unchanging nature of the content and structure of each sentence From the translator's perspective, this approach ensures that the translation remains comprehensible for the target language community while adhering to the principles of the target language Therefore, this word-for-word translation method proves to be effective in this translation context.
Die zweite ĩbersetzung „Em muốn gỡ hỡi giọt lệ cụ đơn?“
Finding translation methods can be challenging, as the implicit meaning may not always be clearly expressed in the sentence It is crucial to proceed with caution to identify the appropriate technique For instance, careful research can uncover implicit meanings in the third and final stanza An example is the line, "She had many radiant sisters," which translates to "Lệ có biết bao chị em rạng rỡ."
In the third stanza, the translator used a literal translation only in the previously mentioned sentence The sentence structure of the target text is identical to that of the source text, with both maintaining the same arrangement.
[Subjekt+ Verb+ Objekt] Mit diesem Beispiel kann man leicht erkennen, dass die
The position of the verb and the meaning of each word remain unchanged in the Vietnamese translation In this instance, the translator employs rhetorical figures, such as apostrophe, to enhance the beauty and suitability of the translation for poetic language Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that the translator utilized the "literal translation" method.
Translating poetry is often seen as creating a unique artwork within the art world Each translation reflects the individual characteristics of the translator, influenced by factors such as their skill and creativity Consequently, there are no strict limitations or rules governing the translation methods used Additionally, the technique of "literal translation" reemerges when reading the final stanza of the poem.
In Example No 5, the phrase "Ach, meine Liebe selber" is translated using a combination of literal and non-literal translation methods The first part, "Hỡi em yêu," falls under non-literal translation due to significant changes in word form, while the second part, "cả mối tình tôi nữa," utilizes a literal translation approach This distinction highlights the complexity of translation techniques employed in conveying meaning across languages.
This article discusses the positional changes between sentence parts using "selber- cả," both of which function as demonstrative pronouns According to Kautz (2002), this alteration aims to enhance the translation for the target language The Vietnamese translation "Hỡi em yờu" maintains an equivalent structure when compared to the original text It is crucial to note that the author's message and the meanings of the sentence remain unchanged, while the rest of the content stays consistent with the original text Therefore, the translation method employed here is still considered "Traduction littérale" or literal translation.
Since every translation depends on the style and creativity of the individual translator, it is impossible to establish a universal rule for the use of literal translations Recognition of the signs, as outlined by translation theorists like Wills and Nord, is essential This indicates that not all types of literal translation methods are suitable for every translation situation For instance, in the previous two translations (Example No 4 and No 5) by Quang Chien, only one type of literal translation, namely "traduction littérale," is present, as it pertains specifically to those contexts.
Translating poetry involves addressing entire sentences and the complexities they present, rather than focusing solely on individual words Unlike other methods such as "emprunt" and "calque," which concentrate on single words, poetry translation requires a more holistic approach It is evident that the language used in the original text can be translated into Vietnamese using native words, eliminating the need for borrowed terms Therefore, aside from "literal translation," other methods are unsuitable for conveying German poetry into Vietnamese effectively.
Nichtwửrtliche ĩbersetzungsverfahren
The importance of non-verbal translation methods is undeniable From the perspective of both a researcher and a reader, I acknowledge that these types of translation are superior to the previously mentioned types Various signs of non-verbal translation methods play a crucial role in this context.
In this section, I will analyze two translations by Quang Chien, focusing on the non-verbal translation techniques employed These techniques have contributed to the differences observed between the translations and the original text For each translation, I will categorize the non-verbal translation methods into two main parts.
The article discusses the division between "syntax" and "semantics," providing specific examples and corresponding analyses for each It highlights that there are analytical methods that have not yet been mentioned by German translation scholars, which is attributed to a lack of applied research involving the language pair in question.
The translation from German to Vietnamese involves various methods, with some verses showcasing multiple techniques by the translator To enhance the consistency of the work, these verses are referenced only once in relation to "syntax" and "semantics" as examples of specific procedures However, during the analysis of these methods, other techniques utilized in the examples are also selected and examined This arrangement does not impact the overall findings of the study.
When examining the translations of Quang Chien, one may wonder if they represent a blend of various types of non-verbal techniques What are these techniques specifically? The following sections will introduce their names and detail how the translator employs each type in his work.
Die erste ĩbersetzung „Người yờu dấu nhất ơi…! “
Beispiel Nr 6 dt Aus dem Hirn des Dichters quillt ? vi Đã hiện lên từ tâm trí nhà thơ?
Im Vergleich zum AT drỹckt die ĩbersetzung das Tempus „Vergangenheit“ aus, statt Prọsens, da es in der vietnamesischen ĩbersetzung die Erscheinung des Wortes
„đó“ gibt Bei der Anwendung dieser ĩV erhửht der ĩbersetzer die Aussagekraft der ĩbersetzung Seitdem wird der Leser die Zuneigung des Dichters zu dem Charakter im Gedicht tiefer spüren
Verọnderung der Satzgliedfolge, Satzteilumstellung, Wortartwechsel und Satzgliedwechsel
According to my preliminary research, the technique of "changing the sentence structure" is most frequently utilized within the "syntax" category This is evidenced by its repetition in the last sentence of the second, third, and fourth stanzas, where it appears up to three times.
Beispiel Nr 7 dt Die erschafft des Dichters Feu'r vi Lửa hồn thơ có thể sáng tạo ra
Mit dem Beispiel Nr 7 wurde Position vom Satzteil „des Dichters Feu’r“ im AT nach dem Verb gestellt Es spielte allerdings eine Rolle als Subjekt eines
The use of passive sentences in translation aids readers in understanding the target language more easily This adjustment aligns with the specific functioning of the target language However, the translator, influenced by personal opinion, may inadvertently alter the implications and diminish the uniqueness of the original verse.
Beispiel Nr 8 dt Das erschafft der Dichter nicht vi Một nhà thơ không thể hiến cho đời
In the aforementioned example (Example No 8), there is a change in the position of the sentence component The phrase "the poet" originally appeared after the verb in the AT, but its position was altered in the ZT, moving it to the beginning of the sentence to serve as the subject This rearrangement in the AT was intended by the author to emphasize what "the poet does not create."
This aspect can captivate or intrigue readers Conversely, there is another technique involved, namely the change of word class In the Old Testament, Heinrich Heine used the definite article "the poet" instead of the indefinite article "a" as seen in the New Testament Additionally, other variations were noted.
„nicht“ in der vietnamesischen ĩbersetzung als das Modalverb „khụng thể“ ỹbertragt Diese Verọnderung fỹhrt zum Unterschied in der tieferen Bedeutung zwischen der deutschen und vietnamesischen Adaption
Beispiel Nr 9 dt Das erschafft der Dichter nicht vi Không nhà thơ nào sáng tạo nổi em đâu!
Compared to examples 7 and 8, this version features the most significant change in word order, placing "not" and "the poet" at the beginning of the sentence This shift aims to provide readers with the purest translation, thereby enhancing their understanding of the poem However, it is undeniable that this translation method alters the structure of the sentences, which may compromise the implications and original meaning of the poem Additionally, there is a transformation of "the" into "em," and the function of this transformation can be determined by connecting it with the remaining sentences in the stanzas.
[ ]Aber dich und deine Tücke,
Und die falschen frommen Blicke -
Das erschafft der Dichter nicht
[ ]Nhưng mà em có mưu kế hiểm sâu,
Có gương mặt đẹp xinh kỳ lạ,
Có ánh mắt chiên lành dối trá - Không nhà thơ nào sáng tạo nổi em đâu!
In this context, it becomes evident that "the" primarily refers to a woman being described in the remaining verses of this stanza Consequently, this alteration does not affect the verse's meaning but rather prevents misinterpretation and confusion for readers Additionally, there is another approach applicable in this translation scenario.
In the sentence "Satzteilumstellung," the position of the word "nicht" has been altered, moving from the end of the original sentence to the beginning in the translation This shift is significant as "nicht" serves as a modal particle, allowing for flexible placement However, this method has led to a change in the sentence's semantics The arrangement in the original text emphasizes that the poet cannot create this thing, while the translation transforms it into something that could not be created by any poet.
Schlieòlich wurden in diesem Vers auch beim ĩbersetzen viele Verfahren verwendet Beispielsweise: Verọnderung der Satzgliedfolge, Satzteilumstellung
Die folgenden Beispiele stehen in einem Zusammenhang und konnten als typisch für die Benutzung der Verfahren Satzglied- und Wortartwechsel
Beispiel Nr 10, Nr 11 und Nr 12
Aber dich und deine Tücke
Und die falschen frommen Blicke -
Nhưng mà em có mưu kế hiểm sâu
Có gương mặt đẹp xinh kỳ lạ,
Có ánh mắt chiên lành dối trá -
The sentence "But you and your cunning" was transformed into a complete sentence, converting the object into a subject While the original verse is concise, the translation becomes more suitable in the target language due to this alteration However, the translator's approach seems to express the author's message differently Notably, the translator uses the accusative pronoun "dich" instead of the nominative "du." The author's intent is clarified in the last line of the stanza, "The poet does not create this," indicating that the sentence must be connected to a verb in the following line to fully convey the author's message In the Vietnamese language system, personal pronouns are used uniformly across genders, leading to both "du" and "dich" being translated similarly Consequently, the changing function of "und" serves as a solution for the translator to make the poem's meaning more accessible The translator also employed a change of word class in these verses, and it is evident that the meaning of "und" has been altered compared to the original text.
In the context of translation, "and" serves as a connector in German, but in Vietnamese, it functions as a verb when the translator transforms it into "cú." This modification aligns with previously employed techniques, enhancing the harmony of the verse in Vietnamese.
In diesem Teil müssen einige Beispiele mit dem vorherigen Vers in derselben Strophe verbunden sein, um richtig analysieren zu kửnnen
Beispiel Nr 7 ist in Bezug auf Semantik Besonderheit, weil es eine Mischung von verschiedenen ĩV ist
Die erschafft des Dichters Feu'r.[ ]
[ ]Những con thú gớm ghê trong thần thoại,
Lửa hồn thơ có thể sáng tạo ra [ ]
It is not difficult to identify that "the" refers to "such terrible fabled creatures" in the previous verse However, this object was omitted in the translation by the translator to avoid redundancy This also aids in making the Vietnamese adaptation shorter and more concise.