论文研究的背景
Kể từ khi bóng rổ ra đời, môn thể thao này đã thể hiện nhiều đặc điểm nghệ thuật và chiến thuật khác nhau Chỉ sau một thời gian ngắn, bóng rổ đã phát triển mạnh mẽ và dần trở thành một trong những môn thể thao được tham gia nhiều nhất trên toàn thế giới Hiện tại, số lượng thành viên của Liên đoàn Bóng rổ Quốc tế (FIBA) đã đạt tới con số ấn tượng.
208国家，成为了世界五大体育组织之一。
Basketball has been present in China for over a century, initially remaining a niche sport during the first half of the 20th century However, in the latter half, it gained widespread popularity, with statistics indicating that there are over 300 million basketball enthusiasts in China This sport has become the most participated in and favored by youth, attracting significant attention from domestic and international enterprises As basketball's popularity grew, the competitive level in China also improved rapidly, with the women's national team achieving second place in both the World Championships and the Olympics, while the men's team secured eighth place in these major events In Asia, both men's and women's basketball teams have maintained a leading position Nevertheless, there remains a notable gap in the overall development of basketball in China compared to developed countries in Europe and North America.
Bóng rổ hiện đại có đặc điểm chính là tính cạnh tranh cao trong điều kiện đối kháng mạnh mẽ, với những cuộc tranh giành quyết liệt và toàn diện Qua các trận đấu NBA và các giải đấu thế giới, mức độ đối kháng ngày càng gia tăng, với sự cân bằng giữa tấn công và phòng thủ Để trở thành một đội mạnh trên thế giới, việc có khả năng tấn công lẫn phòng thủ là điều kiện cần thiết.
The 2006 FIBA World Championship saw an unprecedented increase in defensive intensity, leading to historically low scoring across teams In response to the rising offensive capabilities, defenses adopted highly aggressive, pressuring, and disruptive collective strategies that significantly curtailed offensive activities This evolution in defensive philosophy and tactics was accompanied by advancements in offensive techniques and strategies, resulting in a transformative shift in the approach to both defense and offense in basketball.
Currently, the innovation of basketball offensive and defensive tactics is evident in several aspects Firstly, the continuous innovation of these tactics is a significant indicator of a team's strength, with nearly every top team showcasing unique offensive and defensive strategies Secondly, such innovations are grounded in a deep understanding of basketball principles and rules, tailored to the team's specific circumstances through bold ideas and repeated practice Thirdly, offensive strategies have evolved to incorporate a blend of fast and slow attacks, seamlessly integrating both inside and outside plays Lastly, defensively, players exhibit a strong awareness of aggressive defense, aiming to create situations of overwhelming pressure in any area of the court, particularly in ball-handling zones, while emphasizing the fundamental principle of prioritizing ball defense.
NBA và bóng rổ châu Âu đại diện cho trình độ cao nhất và xu hướng phát triển của bóng rổ thế giới hiện nay Việc phân tích và nghiên cứu các chiến lược và đặc điểm kỹ thuật của các giải đấu bóng rổ ở các quốc gia tiên tiến là rất quan trọng để hiểu rõ hơn về quy luật phát triển của kỹ thuật bóng rổ, cập nhật tư duy, nâng cao nhận thức, làm phong phú hệ thống lý thuyết bóng rổ và thúc đẩy sự phát triển tiếp theo của bóng rổ Trung Quốc.
Data mining technology is the result of extensive research and development in database technology Initially, various commercial data was stored in computer databases, which later evolved to allow for querying and accessing these databases This progression further advanced to enable real-time traversal of databases Data mining elevates database technology to a more advanced level by not only querying and traversing past data but also uncovering potential relationships between data, thereby facilitating the generation of valuable information.
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
Năm 1997, NBA Mỹ lần đầu tiên áp dụng công nghệ khai thác dữ liệu vào chiến thuật thay người trong trận đấu bóng rổ và đã đạt được những thành công ban đầu Từ năm 2007, nhóm nghiên cứu do Zhang Hui dẫn đầu đã tiến hành nghiên cứu hệ thống về quy tắc liên kết trong phân tích kỹ chiến thuật của các môn thể thao đối kháng có sử dụng vợt, và cho rằng công nghệ khai thác dữ liệu, với tính kế thừa theo thời gian và liên tục theo không gian, sẽ trở thành một hướng phát triển quan trọng trong phân tích kỹ chiến thuật của các môn thể thao trong tương lai.
Dựa trên phân tích ngắn gọn ở trên, bài viết này sẽ áp dụng công nghệ khai thác dữ liệu để thực hiện phân tích hệ thống các trận đấu giữa NBA của Mỹ và CBA của Trung Quốc, nhằm cung cấp hỗ trợ công nghệ cho việc huấn luyện bóng rổ nam tại Trung Quốc một cách khoa học.
论文研究的目的
Bằng cách áp dụng các phương pháp khai thác dữ liệu để phân tích và chẩn đoán các đặc điểm kỹ chiến thuật của các trận đấu NBA của Mỹ và CBA của Trung Quốc, nghiên cứu này khám phá các quy luật cơ bản trong sự phát triển của kỹ chiến thuật bóng rổ Nó cũng giúp phát hiện những đặc điểm kỹ chiến thuật của nhiều đội bóng trong hai giải đấu, cung cấp cơ sở khoa học cho huấn luyện viên và vận động viên trong việc sắp xếp tập luyện hợp lý, điều chỉnh hiệu quả trong thi đấu và đổi mới kỹ chiến thuật.
论文的主要研究内容及创新点
主要内容与论文结构
To establish a clear direction for the research paper, it is essential to review relevant literature on basketball tactics and strategies, as well as to analyze basketball game videos This approach will provide insights into the latest developments in basketball tactics research, helping to define the key focus areas of the study.
Develop a new basketball game strategy observation system to ensure data is well-prepared for effective data mining and analysis.
（3）运用关联分析技术，进一步揭示篮球比赛的技战术特点。
（4）中、美男子篮球比赛技战术总体特征比较分析
（5）美国男子篮球职业联赛2010-2011赛季八强的比赛技战术特征分析。
（6）中国男子篮球职业联赛2010-2011赛季八强的比赛技战术特征分析。
第一章：绪论，论述论文研究背景、目的、研究意义、内容结构与创新点。 第二章：文献综述，国内外篮球比赛技战术分析及相关研究综述。
第三章：研究对象与方法。
第四章：结果与分析，利用关联规则对美国篮球职业联赛八强和中国篮球职业 联赛八强的技战术特征进行分析。
第五章：结论及建议。
论文的创新点及主要贡献
Based on previous research, a basketball game strategy observation system suitable for data mining has been developed This system significantly differs from traditional basketball strategy analysis, allowing for a more comprehensive observation and analysis of the tactical characteristics of basketball games.
Data mining techniques enable systematic and in-depth analysis of complex ball sports strategies and tactics, offering valuable insights and considerations that can be applied to the tactical analysis of other sports disciplines.
Ngoài hệ thống quan sát kỹ chiến thuật trong các trận đấu bóng rổ, việc khai thác sâu các đặc điểm chung và sự khác biệt trong việc áp dụng kỹ chiến thuật của các đội bóng NBA của Mỹ và CBA của Trung Quốc là rất quan trọng Những đặc điểm mới về kỹ chiến thuật trong bóng rổ có thể hỗ trợ cho việc huấn luyện khoa học của các đội bóng chuyên nghiệp nam Trung Quốc, đồng thời tạo ra một nền tảng để đội tuyển nam Trung Quốc học hỏi lẫn nhau, từ đó dần thu hẹp khoảng cách với các đội bóng hàng đầu thế giới.
（4）其研究成果也可以为今后进行商业模式的运作提供有价值的参考。
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
2 国内外研究现状综述
球类比赛技战术分析概述
In ball sports, the relationship between athletes' performance and physical qualities is less direct compared to endurance-based sports This is primarily due to the complex and variable techniques and tactics involved in these games, which create a non-linear relationship between athletic qualities and competition results (Hohmann, Lames & Letzelter, 2002) Consequently, it is challenging to predict the match outcomes of athletes or teams based solely on their physical attributes, as their technical and tactical skills play a crucial role in determining victory or defeat.
The relationship between competition lines and tactics varies significantly across different sports According to Tian Maijiu (1988), team sports such as basketball, soccer, handball, and volleyball are classified as having the highest level of tactical importance, rated at level five The effective application of these tactics often determines the outcome of the match.
Game observation and analysis originated with American scouts assessing athletes' tactical skills and abilities In Europe, Stiehler was the first to systematize the methods and indicators of game observation, leading to the development of traditional game analysis methods Czwalina's 1988 publication, "Systematic Observation of Ball Games," outlined the fundamental theories and methods of game observation and analysis, specifically applied to basketball, handball, soccer, volleyball, tennis, and table tennis Lames (1994) further explored the principles, roles, and methods of game observation in his work "Systematic Game Observation." In the early 1990s, experts Wu Huanqun and Zhang Xiaopeng proposed the "Segmented Indicator Evaluation Method" based on extensive experience and research from international competitions, which proved effective in diagnosing the competitive status and tactical analysis of key players in the Chinese table tennis team's preparations for the Olympics and World Championships.
With the advancement of computer science and technology, various sports software companies and research institutions worldwide have developed a range of tactical analysis software for competitions, including SIMIO Scout, Dartfish, and utilius® VS.
Digital Scout and similar computer competition analysis software share a common feature of enhancing the speed of tactical data collection.
The system can automatically conduct data analysis and display the results using videos and charts, providing quick feedback to coaches and athletes.
Modern scientific computing methods, such as artificial neural networks and data mining techniques, have transformed tactical analysis by surpassing traditional research approaches Lames introduced the concept of Computer Simulation Diagnostic for match analysis, drawing inspiration from experimental research in natural sciences, and successfully applied this theory in sports like tennis and volleyball.
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
国内外篮球比赛战术研究概况
对篮球战术特征的研究
In his article "On the Characteristics and Functions of Modern Basketball Tactics," Yang Hua emphasizes that modern basketball tactics are characterized by the unification of offense and defense, the integration of team play and individual actions, and the harmony between technique and strategy The functions of basketball tactics encompass their effectiveness and role during competitive play, including inducement, inhibition, collaboration, transitional adjustment, concealment, and cohesion.
In the article "Phases of Basketball Offense and Their Tactical Characteristics," Xue Lan identifies three primary offensive strategies in basketball: fast breaks, quick attacks, and set plays These strategies exhibit a phased nature, demonstrating both a sequential order and an irreversible progression, strictly following the sequence of fast break → quick attack → set play, without the possibility of reversal The article also analyzes the tactical characteristics of these three offensive types.
Trong bài viết "Đặc điểm kỹ thuật và chiến thuật tấn công và phòng thủ của bóng rổ chuyên nghiệp Mỹ", Teng Zhaoyang cho rằng xu hướng chính trong kỹ thuật và chiến thuật tấn công của bóng rổ NBA là: tập trung vào tấn công trong, tốc độ nhanh, tấn công mạnh mẽ, chú trọng vào việc chuyền và nhận bóng, và dựa trên việc giành không gian Về phòng thủ, bóng rổ NBA nhấn mạnh kỹ thuật và khả năng phòng thủ cá nhân, phòng ngừa nhận bóng khi không có bóng, phòng ngừa ném rổ khi có bóng, và phòng thủ không gian trong khu vực nội Bóng rổ NBA đại diện cho xu hướng phát triển của thể thao bóng rổ hiện đại, do đó, việc nghiên cứu sâu sắc các quan niệm và quy luật tiên tiến của nó là rất cần thiết.
In his article "Research on the Tactical Characteristics of 'Fast Break' in Basketball," Gu Junjie identifies the fast break as an offensive strategy that lies between a fast break and a set offense It is characterized by a speed that is slower than a fast break but faster than a traditional set offense.
Completing a play within 5-8 seconds can significantly enhance offensive speed in basketball Utilizing a fast-break strategy aligns with the sport's characteristics and evolving trends This approach can catch opponents off guard, allowing for the creation of advantageous scoring opportunities.
In a situation with fewer than five players, the offensive advantage significantly increases To launch an effective attack, players must possess good physical fitness, comprehensive basketball skills, and a tactical approach that is concise, with well-practiced movements and high coordination rates According to Zhang Junqing's study on the defensive tactics of the Bayi Men's Basketball Team, a high-level defensive system is crucial for the team's overall advantage The comprehensive defensive tactics employed by the Bayi team enhance overall defensive effectiveness, relying on the high-level execution of various defensive combinations The organic unity of the frequency and quality of these combinations establishes a defensively robust system grounded in rich tactical connotation and rigorous tactical structure.
In his article "On the Characteristics and Requirements of Tactical Application in Today's Basketball Games," Feng Zi'an highlights key features of offensive tactics, including timely fast breaks, emphasis on transitional offense, accelerated pace, and enhanced coordination He also discusses defensive tactics, which center around the ball and integrate a four-part defense involving the ball, players, basket, and area, thereby increasing the comprehensiveness, variability, coordination, and adaptability of defensive strategies.
[1] 杨桦 论现代篮球战术的特征与功能[J].武汉体育学院学报.1997.3：33－36
[2] 薛岚 篮球进攻的阶段性及其技战术特征 武汉体育学院学报 1999：33（5）：43-45
The article by Teng Zhaoyang, published in the Journal of Chengdu Sport University, explores the tactical and technical characteristics of offensive and defensive strategies in American professional basketball It provides an analysis of the distinct features that define these strategies, emphasizing their impact on the overall gameplay The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how these elements influence team performance and effectiveness on the court.
[4] 顾俊杰 篮球运动中的“抢攻”战术特点研究 南京体育学院学报.2002：16（5）：111-112
Zhang Junqing's research in 2001 examines the defensive tactics and characteristics of the Bayi Men's Basketball Team, as published in the Journal of the PLA Sports Academy This study provides insights into the team's strategic approach to defense, highlighting key techniques and methodologies that contribute to their performance on the court.
[6] 冯子安．试论当今篮球比赛中战术运用的特点与要求[J]．湖北体育科技．2001（20），3：25-28
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
In her article "Analysis of Tactical and Technical Characteristics of World Women's Basketball Powerhouses," Lian Bizhen highlights that teams like Brazil, South Korea, France, and Slovakia have a significant proportion of young players, indicating a strong reserve of talent In contrast, European and American teams generally feature taller athletes The U.S team achieved the highest shooting percentage and average points and rebounds per game at the 27th Olympics, while Australia led in steals and blocks with the fewest points allowed and fouls South Korea excelled in assists and had the least turnovers European teams are noted for their comprehensive individual skills, accuracy in mid-range shooting, emphasis on teamwork, and innovative tactics.
对篮球战术演变、分类和创新的研究
In the article "The Theory of Innovation in Modern Basketball Tactics," Yang Hua asserts that the rapid development and vitality of modern basketball stem from continuous innovation in tactics The innovation of basketball tactics should adhere to the principles of leadership, targeting, and feasibility Four key laws govern the process of tactical innovation: the spiral ascent law, interaction law, metabolism law, and wave fluctuation law There are five fundamental types of innovation methods in basketball tactics: progressive innovation, combinatorial innovation, enumerative innovation, transplant innovation, and unconventional movement utilization innovation, along with associative innovation.
In his preliminary research on the innovation theory of basketball techniques and tactics, Yang Hua identifies the objective laws governing the development of basketball skills and strategies, which include the laws of series causation, cyclical progression, and conflicting contradictions He outlines the fundamental principles of innovation in basketball as the principles of foresight, relevance, and feasibility The essential steps for innovation involve understanding the current situation, predicting trends, familiarizing oneself with the rules, formulating plans, conducting simulated training, validating through practice, summarizing applications, and developing a unique style These steps are not only crucial for innovation but also represent the fundamental process of maturity for both individual players and teams.
In the article "Constructing a Basketball Offensive Tactics System for Modern Basketball Development," Hu Yingqing reviews the foundation of basketball offensive tactics and proposes that the offensive system comprises fast breaks, aggressive attacks, set plays, and dynamic plays The article also analyzes the relationships, methods, and requirements for effectively managing these tactical elements.
In the article "An Exploration of the Classification of Basketball Offensive Tactics," Zheng Shangwu presents a new classification perspective by viewing basketball offensive tactics as a systematic methodology He identifies two levels within this system: the foundational level, which includes "individual offensive tactics" and "basic offensive coordination," and the performance level, which encompasses tactical forms such as "fast breaks," "aggressive attacks," "fixed offensive plays," and "dynamic offensive plays." Zheng defines the theoretical concepts of these four tactical forms and discusses their related theoretical issues Meanwhile, in "New Advances in Modern Basketball Techniques and Tactics," Wang Xiaolin emphasizes that with the development of individual skills in basketball, tactics have also evolved, becoming simpler, faster, and more practical He notes a growing trend towards aggressive defensive tactics, the increasing popularity of "star" tactics, and a greater focus on the effectiveness of tactical training.
In his article "A Historical Review of the Development of Defensive Tactics in Basketball," Zhang Junqing discusses the evolution of basketball defensive strategies, which have progressed from half-court man-to-man defense to zone defenses, full-court pressing man-to-man, full-court pressing zone, and finally to a diverse and adaptable defensive approach The development of these defensive tactics in basketball reflects the ongoing struggle between offensive and defensive teams Traditional defensive methods have laid the groundwork for these advancements.
[7] 练碧贞．世界女子篮球强队技战术特征分析[J]．北京体育大学学报．2003（26），4：569-570
[8] 杨桦．现代篮球战术创新理论[J]．成都体育学院学报．1997（23），3：15-20
[9] 杨彬 篮球运动技、战术创新理论的初步研究[J] 武汉体育学院学报.1999，（33）5：70-71
[10] 胡英清 面向现代篮球战术发展构造篮球进攻战术体系 体育科技 2000：21（3）：19-21
[11] 郑尚武 篮球进攻战术分类问题初探 广州体育学院学报 2001：21（3）：85-88
[12] 王晓琳 当议现代篮球运动技战术理论的新进展[J] 成都体育学院学报.1998，（24）3：36-38
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
Tactics in modern basketball have taken on new significance, with each evolution in defensive strategies driving the sport's development forward.
In his article "The Development and Evolution of Basketball Skills and Tactics," Zhang Tingyin identifies key factors influencing the advancement and transformation of basketball techniques and strategies, including rules, height and physical attributes, skills, playing style, and tactics He also outlines the characteristics and patterns of the evolution of basketball skills and tactics.
对篮球战术方法的研究
In the article "The Impact of the 2000 Changes to Basketball Competition Rules on Techniques and Tactics," Huang Jiangyan argues that the quadrennial revisions of basketball rules have significantly advanced the sport The updated regulations impose new physical and technical demands on athletes, requiring them to execute complex skills swiftly in high-pressure situations while maintaining aggressive and disruptive defense As basketball is a team sport, effective cooperation and synergy among players are essential, especially with reduced offensive time and increased game pace, which heightens the need for tactical coordination Athletes must quickly organize effective strategies to achieve optimal tactical outcomes, and the intensified competition also raises psychological demands on players Thus, these rule changes facilitate the rapid evolution of basketball.
In the article "Analysis of the Fixed Combination Offensive Tactics in Basketball," Zheng Shangwu argues that the "fixed combination" offensive strategy is a highly targeted and organized approach that involves all offensive players working together based on fundamental offensive combinations among two or three players The article explores the structural characteristics, basic forms, and tactical methods inherent in the "fixed combination" offensive tactics.
In the article "Exploration of the Tactical System of Offensive and Defensive Transition in Basketball," Chen Jun identifies the phenomenon of transitioning between offense and defense, collectively termed "offensive and defensive transformation." This transformation signifies the shift from offensive to defensive states and vice versa, characterized by gradual and sudden changes, with rebounding being a focal point Additionally, Teng Chaoyang, in "On Individual Defensive Tactical Actions in Basketball," emphasizes that individual defensive tactics are integral to the overall team defense strategy These tactics not only showcase players' independent defensive efforts but also enhance their motivation and creativity, ultimately increasing the intensity and artistry of the game The effectiveness of individual defensive actions largely depends on players' defensive awareness, skills, and coordination.
篮球战术与谋略的研究
In his article "Competitive Tactics and the Philosophical and Psychological Foundations of 'The Art of War'," Yao Jiaxin explores the fundamental principles and characteristics of competitive tactics through the lens of the classical military classic, "The Art of War." He aims to enhance the theoretical framework of modern competitive tactics, thereby advancing the theoretical research in sports science and improving the level of competitive sports in China.
[13] 张俊青 篮球运动防守战术发展的历史回顾 体育成人教育学刊 2003：19（1）：53-54
[14] 张廷印 篮球技、战术的发展与演变规律 山西师范大学体育学院学报.1996：11（1）：85-88
The article by Huang Jiangyan (2000) discusses the impact of changes in basketball competition rules on the techniques and tactics of the sport It highlights how rule modifications have influenced player strategies and skill development, ultimately shaping the evolution of basketball gameplay The findings emphasize the importance of adapting to new regulations to enhance performance and maintain competitiveness in the sport.
[16] 郑尚武 篮球“固定配合”进攻战术探析[J] 体育学刊 2001（8）5：62-63
[17] 陈钓．篮球攻守转化战术系统探析．上海体育学院学报．1996（20）增刊，33-34
[18] 滕朝阳．论篮球比赛中个人防守战术行动[J]．成都体育学院学报．2000（26）4：66-68
In his article, Yao Jiaxin explores the relationship between competitive tactics and the principles outlined in "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu, emphasizing its philosophical and psychological foundations Published in the Journal of Wuhan Sports University in 2000, the study delves into how these ancient strategies can be applied to modern competitive scenarios, highlighting the relevance of Sun Tzu's insights in today's tactical approaches.
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
In his article "Mao Zedong's Ten Military Principles and Basketball Tactics," Chen Guowei argues that Mao Zedong's principles represent a scientific and creative evolution of Sun Tzu's Art of War, with the core concept being the concentration of superior forces to achieve victory Chinese basketball faces the challenge of employing strategies that allow them to "overcome the strong with the weak" and "overcome the weak with the strong." This fundamental approach is particularly crucial when competing against powerful Western teams that excel in height, weight, and strength, as well as against other Asian teams that have advantages in speed, reaction, and agility.
In his article "The Application of Tactical Strategies from the 'Art of War' in Basketball," Xiao Feng asserts that modern competitive sports, particularly basketball, resemble "war without smoke," showcasing intense physical and intellectual confrontations To gain an advantage in games and effectively address offensive and defensive conflicts, the strategic application of tactics is crucial The strategic and tactical principles outlined in the 'Art of War' can greatly benefit players This article explores the use of virtual and actual strategies in three areas: their application before basketball games, the strategy of attacking the weak points while avoiding the strong during offensive tactics, and the implementation of virtual and actual strategies in defensive tactics.
In the article "The Application of Tactical Thoughts from the 'Initial Estimations' of 'The Art of War' in Professional Basketball," Wang Chenyu argues that the Initial Estimations is the first chapter of Sun Tzu's work and serves as a foundational guideline for the entire text It offers profound insights into Sun Tzu's views on warfare, strategy, and tactics The flexible and conscious application of these principles is crucial for achieving victory in basketball games The author categorizes the application of concepts from the Initial Estimations into four main areas: pre-game assessments, offensive tactics, defensive tactics, and psychological strategies.
现代篮球战术体系的构建
Modern basketball tactics can be categorized based on game timing and ball control into three main systems: offensive tactics, ball-retrieval tactics, and defensive tactics The offensive tactics include fast breaks, advance plays, transitional offense, and set plays Defensive tactics encompass strategies against fast breaks, defensive advances, transitional defense, and set defense Additionally, ball-retrieval tactics are divided into rebounding strategies and jump ball tactics.
其它球类比赛技战术分析现状
乒乓球比赛技战术分析
In the analysis of competitions during the 20th century, qualitative descriptive statistical indicators were primarily utilized, including scoring rates, error rates, usage rates, averages, variances, and significance tests Several scientific reports presented by researchers from Germany, Japan, Russia, Singapore, and Yugoslavia during multiple World Table Tennis Championships highlighted these statistical findings.
The organizing committee of the 1988 Seoul Olympics conducted technical statistics on various events and distributed the findings after the competition.
In 1963, Wu Huanqun systematically discussed statistical methods for analyzing tactical applications in table tennis, focusing on key indicators such as serve attacks, receiving serves, counterattacks, looping, and defensive plays By 1982, he recognized the significant threat posed by the Hungarian men's team's two-sided looping style and the Swedish team's combination of fast attacks and looping against the Chinese team Through detailed tracking and statistical analysis of training and major competitions, Wu and his colleagues assessed the Chinese men's team's ability to counter European looping styles, offering constructive suggestions for improving training methods.
[20] 陈国慰．毛泽东《十大军事原则》与篮球技战术[J]．体育函授通讯．1997，2：18-19
The tactical strategies outlined in the "Art of War" by Sun Tzu, particularly in the chapter on the principles of reality and illusion, can be effectively applied to basketball games This application highlights the importance of deception and strategy in achieving victory on the court By understanding these concepts, players can enhance their gameplay and outmaneuver opponents, leading to improved performance in competitive situations.
The tactical principles of the "Strategic Assessments" chapter in Sun Tzu's "The Art of War" can be effectively applied to professional basketball competitions, highlighting the importance of strategy and planning in achieving success on the court.
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
In the late 1980s, Wu Huanqun, Zhang Xiaopeng, and others introduced the "Segmented Indicator Evaluation Method," which analyzes the competitive status and technical tactics of key athletes by assessing scoring and losing rates in the serving, receiving, and rally phases This method has contributed to developing a winning strategy model for table tennis matches.
In 1989, Li Zhenbiao and colleagues conducted preliminary research on the tactical training of offensive table tennis players using simulation assessment methods In 1999, Li Xiaodong performed a statistical analysis of the tactical effectiveness of Chinese athletes during the semifinals and finals of the 45th World Table Tennis Championships Additionally, in 1998, Li Jinliang and Su Piren introduced a more detailed "Ten-Indicator Evaluation Method" for match analysis These analyses have played a crucial role in preparing the Chinese table tennis team for major international competitions over the years, as they are easy to implement, quick to execute, and provide timely technical and tactical feedback to coaches, although the statistical indicators still offer limited informational depth.
Zhang Hui and Hohmann (2004) conducted a systematic analysis of the technical and tactical characteristics of elite male table tennis players using mathematical simulation diagnostic methods This computer simulation approach not only provides descriptive statistical analysis of techniques and tactics but also calculates the competitive efficiency values of various technical and tactical behaviors, indicating their impact on the probability of winning matches.
In 2006, Wang Yongmei developed a neural network-based diagnostic model using the self-learning capabilities of neural networks, focusing on 20 matches of table tennis world champion Wang Liqin Validation through three matches demonstrated the model's high accuracy, making it suitable for diagnosing and analyzing Wang Liqin's techniques and tactics Furthermore, the model enables a deeper analysis of technical and tactical indicators to identify the behaviors that most significantly impact match outcomes.
Zhang Hui and Li Xiaodong (2005) were pioneers in integrating multimedia technology into tactical analysis during their closed training for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games They combined qualitative and quantitative assessments of table tennis strategies, effectively merging textual descriptions with videos, animations, and charts, which yielded impressive results The key features of multimedia tactical analysis include: first, the vast amount of information contained in video data surpasses that of textual statistics, providing a clear, organized, and vivid representation of opponents' tactical characteristics This aids coaches and athletes in closely observing and analyzing their opponents' strengths and weaknesses, enhancing the specificity and scientific nature of training preparations Second, multimedia analysis materials allow coaches and athletes to quickly and conveniently study upcoming opponents anytime and anywhere, both before and during competitions.
网球比赛技战术分析
The analysis of tennis match tactics primarily focuses on key indicators such as average serve counts per set, success rates of first and second serves, scoring rates, error rates, average maximum serve speed, serve placement, and points won and lost per set It also evaluates the usage and scoring rates of various techniques, including serving, returning, baseline shots, net interceptions, and mid-court volleys Research by Liu Qing and others on the tactical level of Chinese women's doubles during the 2004 French Open highlights these critical performance metrics.
The article highlights several areas for improvement in tennis skills, including the need for better dual internet capabilities and increased confidence in online engagement It emphasizes the necessity to enhance serving and receiving techniques, as well as the aggressiveness in the first four shots Additionally, there is a call for improvement in proactive net play and ball control skills.
[23] 吴焕群，张晓蓬.乒坛竞技科学诊断.北京：国家体育总局体科所乒组，1996
[24] 吴焕群，李振彪.乒乓球运动员技术诊断方法的研究[J].乒乓世界，1990，(2):38 一 42.
In their 2004 study published in the Shanghai Sports Institute, Zhang Hui and Hohmann Andreas explore mathematical simulations for diagnosing competitive performance in table tennis The research highlights the application of mathematical modeling to enhance understanding and analysis of match dynamics, providing valuable insights for athletes and coaches in improving competitive strategies.
Wang Yongmei conducted a study in 2006 at Shanghai University of Sport, focusing on the development of a diagnostic model for table tennis techniques based on neural networks This research aims to enhance the analysis and improvement of table tennis skills through advanced technological methods.
Zhang Hui, Li Xiaodong, and Fu Yue explore the application of computer video technology in analyzing table tennis competitions in their 2005 study published in the Journal of Shanghai University of Sport This research highlights the innovative use of technology to enhance performance analysis in sports, particularly in table tennis.
In a 2005 study published in the Journal of Beijing Sport University, Liu Qing analyzes the technical and tactical levels of Chinese female tennis players during the 2004 French Open The research highlights the strengths and weaknesses of their performance, offering insights into the evolution of women's tennis in China.
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
德国学者Lames(1991) 在他的博士论文中详细地阐述了计算机模拟诊断的理
In his research, the author conducts a specialized analysis of tennis match behaviors, categorizing them into first serve, second serve, return of serve, baseline hits, offense, defense, net play, and scoring He establishes a state transition probability matrix based on these behaviors and employs Markov chain calculations to assess competitive efficiency values, ultimately determining the impact of key match behaviors on the outcome of the game.
Nghiên cứu của史芙英 (2009) đã áp dụng quy tắc liên kết để phân tích kỹ chiến thuật trong quần vợt, thiết kế và phát triển hệ thống thu thập dữ liệu và phân tích thông minh cho kỹ chiến thuật quần vợt Qua việc phân tích 5 trận đấu của Vã Williams, nghiên cứu đã phát hiện các đặc điểm kỹ chiến thuật chính, góp phần tích cực vào việc chuẩn bị cho đội tuyển quần vợt nữ quốc gia tham dự Olympic Bắc Kinh 2008 Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, so với các phương pháp phân tích kỹ chiến thuật truyền thống, công nghệ khai thác dữ liệu có khả năng mô tả và phân tích hệ thống quá trình kỹ thuật đánh bóng (đường đánh, vị trí đánh bóng) cũng như quá trình ghi điểm và mất điểm, từ đó tiết lộ các đặc điểm kỹ chiến thuật sâu sắc của vận động viên, giúp huấn luyện viên hướng dẫn vận động viên một cách hiệu quả hơn trong thi đấu.
羽毛球比赛技战术分析
The article analyzes badminton techniques and tactics, focusing on key skills such as net interception, backcourt smashes, serve reception, and various shot types including lifts and drops It also evaluates performance metrics such as scoring rates, game errors, and error rates to provide a comprehensive overview of player effectiveness.
In 1998, Coach Dai Jinbiao conducted a tactical analysis of male doubles players at the 1997 China Badminton Open, revealing that the majority of match outcomes were determined within the first four rallies (42.4%) and between five to twelve rallies (40.6%) He noted that while players were aggressive in the initial four rallies, their technical stability was lacking In 2008, he further explored the impact of the "21-point scoring system" on men's singles tactics, finding that the new scoring system significantly reduced match duration between closely matched players and accelerated the pace of play Despite these changes, the fundamental dynamics of men's singles remained largely unchanged, with an increased emphasis on aggressive serve-and-receive tactics, a focus on controlling the backcourt, and heightened importance placed on net play and defensive techniques.
In the article "Application of the Improved AGNES Algorithm in Badminton Technical and Tactical Analysis," Zeng Jiajun presents a practical use of hierarchical clustering algorithms in data mining for analyzing badminton techniques and tactics The study utilizes data collected from a badminton technique acquisition system to dynamically generate technical pathways, employing an improved version of the AGNES algorithm for enhanced data mining capabilities.
The AGNES hierarchical clustering algorithm is utilized for data mining of dynamically generated technological pathways, focusing on the data preprocessing stage.
的技术路线进行排序，以及数据的合并进行了研究和探讨。 [32]
Zhang Xin utilized various research methods, including literature review, statistical analysis, comparative analysis, and video statistics, to conduct a comparative analysis of the serving, receiving, and tactical techniques of outstanding male singles players both domestically and internationally after the implementation of new rules The findings indicate that top players primarily focus on front-net drop shots, and there is no significant difference in the usage rates of various techniques among excellent male singles players in different regions.
[29] Martin Lames.Leistungsdiagnostik durch Computersimulation[M] Frankfurt/Main: Harri Deutsch,1991.92-97,219-231
[30] 史芙英，张辉，梁成军 网球比赛技战术决策分析系统研制[J].2009
[31] 戴金彪.当今羽毛球男子双打技战术运用情况的分析[J],.1989
[32] 曾佳军.改进的 AGNES 算法在羽毛球技战术分析中的应用[J] 2009
The article by Zhang Xin and Wang Wenchang presents a comparative analysis of the serving and receiving techniques of male badminton players from China and abroad It highlights the distinct tactical characteristics that differentiate these players, offering insights into their strategies and performance in the sport This study contributes to the understanding of international badminton dynamics and may inform training approaches for athletes.
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
Dai Jin and Zhong Jianping conducted a comparative analysis of the frontcourt techniques used by outstanding male badminton players under the 21-point and sudden-death scoring systems, offering valuable insights to help the Chinese badminton team maintain world-class training and competition standards in the future.
Zhou Jinling conducted a study to explore how the 21-point scoring system in badminton has influenced the techniques and tactics used in men's doubles, providing theoretical and data-driven support for the development and improvement of men's doubles in China Utilizing literature review, video analysis, and statistical methods, the research systematically analyzed 20 international matches featuring world-class men's doubles players, including Olympic champions Chen Jialiang/Wu Junming and rising stars Cai Yun/Fu Haifeng The results indicate significant changes in gameplay strategies and technical applications.
The 21-point scoring system has heightened both the unpredictability and predictability of matches, leading athletes to minimize the use of the backcourt's zone 4 during serves Consequently, there is an increased utilization of zones 2 and 5 during returns, intensifying the competition for net control Additionally, the proportion of successful blocks during net play has risen, while aggressive smashes from the backcourt have also increased.
Ji Xinpeng believes that the skill and tactical level of ball athletes is one of the fundamental conditions for winning a match When both athletes' techniques and strategies counterbalance each other during the competition, the mental resilience of the athletes becomes the crucial factor for victory.
排球比赛技战术分析
In 1999, Wu Ping discussed the fundamental principles, patterns, and methods of innovation in modern volleyball techniques and tactics using literature review and comprehensive analysis.
Wang Jian emphasizes that the competition in contemporary sports is becoming increasingly fierce, and to gain a competitive edge, the key lies in the revolution and innovation of the sport itself The innovation in volleyball fundamentally revolves around the advancement of techniques and tactics Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the evolving trends in volleyball skills and strategies, seize opportunities, and adhere to the principles of foresight, specificity, and feasibility By proactively designing and implementing these innovative volleyball techniques and tactics, they will be more rational and effective.
Zhang Wei highlights that high-level volleyball training has a history of nearly fifty years in China, accumulating valuable experience To better inherit, utilize, and innovate these advanced training methods, a study on the combination training method in volleyball was conducted through classification and summarization The results indicate that implementing well-structured combination exercises in volleyball training can significantly enhance athletes' technical and tactical skills, ultimately improving the overall training effectiveness of the team.
Volleyball is a highly popular sport, and its development has always been accompanied by continuous innovation and maturation of techniques and tactics Through literature review and logical analysis, it has been demonstrated that the ongoing evolution of volleyball strategies significantly enriches the sport's essence, enhancing its appeal and vitality This, in turn, stimulates public enthusiasm for participation in volleyball, thereby promoting its growth and widespread adoption.
Wen Xiaohui explained that the purpose of modifying volleyball rules is to balance offensive and defensive dynamics, enhancing the sport's appeal By analyzing the historical evolution of volleyball competition rules, the reasons for these modifications are explored This reveals the development patterns of the sport and actively promotes innovation in volleyball techniques and strategies.
[34] 戴劲、钟建萍.羽毛球男子单打优秀选手前场技战术特征的对比分析[J] 2009
Zhou Jinling and Dai Jin conducted an analysis of the technical and tactical characteristics of the 21-point scoring system in men's doubles badminton Their study, published in the Journal of Beijing Sport University in 2010, highlights the strategic elements that define gameplay within this format The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of competitive dynamics in men's doubles badminton, emphasizing the importance of scoring rules on player performance and strategy.
[36] 吉新鹏.羽毛球运动员技战术与心理素质[J].体育科学研究.2004,8(2):27-29.
[37] 吴平.析现代排球运动技战术创新理论[J].上海体育学院学报,1999(3):63～66.
The article discusses the innovative development characteristics and exploration of modern volleyball techniques and tactics, highlighting the importance of adapting to evolving gameplay and strategies It emphasizes the need for continuous improvement and research in volleyball to enhance performance and competitiveness.
[39] 张 伟.青少年排球技战术组合训练研究[J].南京体育学院学报.2008, 7(4):62-63
[40] 孙冬青.技战术创新对排球运动发展的推动作用[J].体育科技文献通报.2010,18(5):47-49
[41] 温晓慧.排球规则的修改对排球技战术创新的影响[J].广州体育学院报.1995 ,15(2):61-64
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
Weng Biao and Wang Ning analyzed the technical statistics of men's and women's volleyball matches from the 2000 Olympics and identified key characteristics of the game following the implementation of new rules They found that teams with strong net play are more likely to achieve better results, that offense remains the primary scoring method, and that well-rounded teams can also succeed These factors contribute to shaping the current landscape of international volleyball, while the gap between Asian teams and the rest of the world is widening.
In their research, Zhang Yujia and Zhao Huiqun explore the challenges of applying data mining algorithms in the tactical analysis of volleyball matches They propose a solution to identify the key factors for winning in volleyball by utilizing a Markov process-based data mining algorithm, which addresses the issue of identifying critical action transitions by calculating system reliability differentials To enhance data collection speed and meet real-time requirements, they focus on identifying frequent patterns Additionally, they tackle the ambiguity in data caused by volleyball rules by establishing threshold settings for state transition rates during data preprocessing, ensuring compliance with algorithm application conditions Their experimental design demonstrates the correctness and feasibility of this approach.
足球比赛技战术分析
As the world's most popular sport, football has attracted significant scholarly research focused on tactical and technical analysis Researchers primarily examine various metrics such as average goals, assists, corner kicks, free kicks, average goals conceded, tackles, fouls, offsides, interceptions, and shooting statistics to gain insights into the game.
Yuan Ye utilized methods such as observational statistics, comparative induction, and literature review to analyze the impact of various tactics on shooting and scoring in modern high-level football matches The findings indicate that while coordinated tactical plays continue to dominate in creating shooting opportunities and goals, there is a notable increase in scoring chances from techniques like counter-attacks, free kicks, and corner kicks, particularly highlighting the growing significance of counter-attacking tactics.
In analyzing all 31 matches of the 16 teams at the 2000 UEFA European Championship, Tang Feng categorized individual defensive actions into two primary metrics: ball interception and tackle The study highlighted the frequency of these metrics and the collective defensive strategy of coordinated pressing The findings revealed that defensive tactics were centered around maintaining a cohesive team formation, with ball interception emerging as the predominant individual defensive action Collective pressing involved multiple defenders coordinating to block and recover the ball from the opposing team within specific areas, demonstrating a collective defensive approach Furthermore, defensive actions exhibited varying tactical objectives across different field zones, emphasizing the importance of a unified and proactive defense strategy as the key principle for teams during the tournament.
Xiaoguang Qu conducted a statistical analysis of offensive and defensive tactics in women's soccer matches between China and the United States, including friendly games He identified the strengths and characteristics of the U.S women's soccer team and highlighted the gaps in the Chinese women's team The Chinese team demonstrated fewer effective attacking combinations, primarily limited to the left flank, while the U.S team showcased a more versatile offensive strategy Additionally, the U.S women's team exhibited a clear advantage in midfield interceptions compared to their Chinese counterparts.
The article by Weng Biao and Wang Ning discusses the tactical characteristics of volleyball matches and the evolving landscape of the global volleyball arena following the implementation of new rules It highlights how these changes impact gameplay strategies and the overall dynamics within the sport, reflecting on the adaptations made by teams and players in response to the new regulations.
The research article by Zhang Yujia, Zhao Huiqun, and Wu Jiewei explores the application of data mining algorithms in analyzing the tactics and strategies of volleyball matches This study highlights how data-driven techniques can enhance performance analysis in sports, particularly in volleyball, by providing deeper insights into gameplay dynamics The findings suggest that implementing these algorithms can lead to improved decision-making and strategic planning for teams.
The study by Yuan Ye examines the impact of various offensive tactics on shooting and scoring in high-level football matches It highlights how different strategies can influence a team's performance in terms of goal-scoring opportunities The findings contribute to understanding the effectiveness of tactical approaches in enhancing a team's offensive capabilities during competitive play.
In their 2000 analysis of the major defensive tactics used in the European Football Championship, Tang Feng, Chen Xiaoke, Liu Hao, and Xu Xianjie examine the strategic approaches that shaped gameplay Published in the Journal of Beijing Sport University, this study highlights the evolution of defensive techniques and their impact on match outcomes, providing valuable insights for understanding football strategies.
基于数据挖掘的中、美男子篮球比赛技战术特征分析
Jin Qingyun utilized video analysis and statistical methods to examine the performance of the Italian team, the 2018 World Cup champions, in comparison to Asian teams during the knockout stage of 19 matches The study focused on aspects such as formations, team and player attacking strength, and defensive capabilities, revealing the advantages of the Italian team and the common issues faced by Asian teams The findings suggest that Asian teams should establish comprehensive football development strategies and long-term plans, enhance youth training, encourage more athletes to gain international experience, and improve talent selection and exchanges between strong football teams.
The study analyzes ten offensive and defensive metrics, including average goals, assists, corner kicks, free kicks, average goals conceded, tackles, fouls, offsides, turnovers, and shooting efficiency, for the 32 teams in the 17th FIFA World Cup By employing cluster analysis and variance analysis to assess the differences in these metrics, along with rank correlation methods for validation, the research demonstrates that Q-type clustering provides a reliable quantitative evaluation of team performance The findings objectively reflect the comprehensive tactical strength of each team, revealing trends in the development of global football and exploring a more effective method for quantifying teams' tactical capabilities.
Sun Runxing highlights that information visualization is a recently proposed research field He introduced the "offensive curve" method in the practical application of information visualization technology and applied the research findings to the Chinese youth football team during the 9th World Youth Football Championship This approach not only accurately and vividly reflects the true state of the match, aiding in the analysis of game conditions, but also reveals information that cannot be captured in the actual match footage.
In a study observing the 2005 World Youth Championship, Chen Yizhang and colleagues focused on the Chinese youth team's defensive strategies, categorizing them into individual and collective defensive tactics The findings revealed that defensive actions are centered around maintaining a cohesive team formation, showcasing strong overall characteristics Notably, ball interception emerged as the primary form of individual defense, while collective defense involved multiple players coordinating to surround and steal the ball from the opposing team within localized areas Additionally, defensive behaviors exhibited varying tactical objectives across different zones of the field, emphasizing the importance of overall and proactive defense as the central philosophy of the youth team.
侯卫东 đã thực hiện phân tích Q-type clustering cho 16 đội tham gia World Cup lần thứ 4 dựa trên 10 chỉ số tấn công và phòng ngự chính Ông cũng tiến hành phân tích phương sai và so sánh đa biến để đánh giá sự khác biệt giữa các chỉ số cụm Sử dụng phương pháp tương quan cấp bậc để kiểm tra kết quả cụm, nghiên cứu này phản ánh khách quan sức mạnh tổng hợp về kỹ thuật và chiến thuật của các đội bóng, đồng thời chỉ ra xu hướng phát triển của bóng đá thế giới và khám phá một phương pháp đánh giá khả năng kỹ thuật và chiến thuật của đội bóng một cách hợp lý và hiệu quả.
Zhang Jixiang conducted a comparative analysis of the offensive and defensive tactics of the nine Asian and African football teams participating in the World Cup The findings indicate that African teams demonstrate a stronger overall strength compared to their Asian counterparts, with noticeable improvements in their tactical cohesion In contrast, Asian teams exhibit polarization, where South Korea and Japan show significantly superior tactical levels compared to China and Saudi Arabia Their holistic approach to attacking and defending aligns with the developmental trends in football, offering valuable lessons for future strategies.
The article by Qu Xiaoguang, Liu Dan, and Ban Yunsheng presents a comparative study of offensive and defensive tactics employed by Chinese and American women's soccer teams Published in the Journal of China Sports Science and Technology in 1999, the research highlights the strategic differences and similarities in gameplay between the two countries, providing valuable insights into their respective approaches to women's soccer.