Chapter 3 Ready for CEA

*** Would prefer We use "would prefer" to say what somebody wants in a particular situation not in general: *WOULD PREFER Sth *WOULD PREFER TO DO Sth rather than do sth Eg: I'd prefer to[r]

Chapter 3

GATHERING INFORMATIO N

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.Gillian Swan’s purpose in creating the special shoe was to:

A prove a link between passive entertainment and obsesity.

B help teenagers to lose weight and become fitter.

C reveal how teenagers prefer to spend their time.

D find a way of staying in good condition while watching TV.

2.What does Swan say was of particular importance during the development of the shoe?

A creating a product that would always be in demand

B designing a shoe that teenagers were willing to wear

C making sure the technology could not be damaged

D ensuring that the information the shoe provided was

reliable

3.The writer mentions a small desert creature in line 21 in order to

A the idea of him becoming a victim by chance.

B the vast number of people who have car accidents

C the distance that existed between him and the researcher.

D the lack of control that people have over their own lives.

4.This in line 31 refers to

A the scale used to reply to the questions.

B the type of questions in the survey

C the writer’s answering of the questions

D the attitude of the reaseacher

5.In the first paragraph we learn that Chrissy

A gave no thought to global issues

B had few friends and acquaintances.

C rarely considered the consequences of her actions

D was not interested in the information she had been sent.

6.The writer’s tone throughout the extract suggests that he is

A critical of Chrissy for her insensitivity.

B opposed to the production of junk mail.

C concerned about the workers he mentions.

D full of admiration for human resourcefulness.

NEW WORDS

1 Antipathy (n): a strong feeling of dislike

2 Claimant (n): a person who claims ST because

they believe they have the right to do it

NEW WORDS

1 Toss (v): throw ST lightly and carelessly

2 Unwitingly (adv): without being aware of

what you are doing or the situations that you are involved in

3 Mockery (n): an action, or an decision that is

a failure and that is not as it is supposed to be

VOCABULARY: SMELL

adjective + noun collocation

VOCABULARY: SMELL adjective + noun collocation

1 Complete each gap with a word from the box:

1.The Stale smell of cigarette _ and sweaty _

2.The mouth-watering aroma of freshly brewed _and sizziling

_

3.The acid odour of burning _ and petrol .

4.The rancid smell of sour _ and butter that has long since passed it

rubber

bodies

fumes milk

date

2 Arrange the adjectives in bold in exercise 1 into the columns below, according to their

meaning.

mouth-watering stale pungent

fresh acrid unmistakable

musty overpowering

sickly

SCENTS AND SENSITIVITY

She has never known the fragrance of a beautiful flower – or been able

to tell by sniffing whether food is safe to eat Lucy Mangan on being

born with no sense of smell.

I am not a fully sentient being I am preferring to the fact that I am

congenitally anosmic; or, as I more helpfully put it when people thrust

perfumed articles under my nose and invite an opinion on the aroma, I was born without a sense of smell.

That experience, however, does not compare to the time I was persuaded

by schoolfriends that as I couldn’t smell Emma Webster’s perfume, I

should drink it This was, I recall, it would give me at least some idea of

the delicious scent I was missing Alas, all it taught me was that perfume is not a beverage, and I was left feeling sick for days

1 E

It took until I was seven to convince my mother

of this She reluctantly acknowledged the truth of

my claim after making me sniff the fumes from her bottle of nail varnish remove until I looked up hopefully and said “My eyes are burning – is that what you mean?”

2

I had enough sense to buy a smoke alarm, but it wasn’t until my sister called round and nearly collapsed from the smell of a hob burner I had accidentally switched on that I realized I needed a detector that would alert me aurally to gas leaks before I blew up the street A few bouts of food poisoning alerted me to the fact that I can eat food which would cause those with functioning nasal passages to call in the public health authorities I now check best-before dates assiduously and treat three-day-old milk the respect it deserves

3

I subscribe to the “ what you’ve never had, you never miss” school of thought but for those who lose their sense of smell, the effect on their quality of life can be enormous Professor Tim Jacob at Cardiff University, who researches olfaction, explains “Anosmics will have found other ways of adapting, using texture and consistency to get information about food But people who once relied on their sense of smell do not know how to cope without it.”

G A

2 3

And those are just the obvious things As Jacob also notes: “You lose lots of

subliminal information and links with the emotional centers of the brain

Smells are inextricably linked with memories and form the backdrop to your

sensory experience The smell of your first girlfriend’s perfume or boyfriend’s

aftershave, anything associated with strong emotion, will always trigger a rush

of memory “

5

Alarmed at the thought of producing sickly babies, I enquire about treatment

For those who have lost their sense of smell through infection or damage, the

news is relatively good “They usually regain some ability because the olfactory

nerve is capable of regeneration”, says David Roberts, ear, nose and throat and

consultant at Guy’s & St Thomas’s Hospital in London

6

I will have to soldier on, and draw what comfort I can from a recent exchange

with an ex-boyfriend who, as we reminisced about our relationship said wistfully,

"You were the best girlfriend in the world You let me eat all the garlic I wanted

and it didn’t bother you.” I’m putting it in my next personal ad

C F B

5 6

Naturally, the problem of being

olfactorily-challenged don’t compare to those which attend

blindness or deafness Nevertheless, certain things

do have to be taken into account, and certain

precautious taken, which you only fully appreciate when you start living alone.

I have also learned to stock my shelves with visitors as well as myself in mind So I have fruit teas in the house even though they appear to be nothing more than an

expensive way of colouring a mugful of hot water, and herbs, even though they are a matter of supreme

indifference to me When I cook for other people and a recipe says “season to taste”, I have to hope for the best

“The tongue can only distinguish the four basic tastes: bitter, sweet, salty, sour Smell detects flavour and nuance, so they lose all significant sense of taste About 17%

become clinically depressed Some become oversensitive about having body odour and are frightened of going out.”

Iam beginning to feel quite intrigued by this unknown world of smells taking you back in time, but this quickly deepens into concern about what else I am missing “And

of course you are attracted to people who smell different from you, because it suggests they have a different

immunotype”, says Jacob “It’s the evolutionary system

trying to get you to pass on two sets of immunity

advantages to your offspring”

Steroid-based drug treatments can help further Nasal polyps causing blockages to

olfactory passgeways can be treated

medically and surgically But, as one might expect, less can be done to rectify causes

one is born with.

0 allergy - allergic science - scientific drama - dramatic

1 Approachable apllicable believable

2 Agrumentative administrative provocative

3 Introductory contradictory preparatory

4 Chatty muddy rocky

5 Luxurious mysterious monstrous

6 Endless priceless sleepless

7 Persistent apparent obedient

8 Managerial secretarial territorial

WORD FORMATION:

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

-ory -less -able -ent -ative -ial -ic -ous -y

ARE YOU READY???

??

1 2 3

7

1 Her work has been acclaimed for its sensitivity

of style and _ (IMAGINE) use of

imagery imaginative

2 Her performance at work was considered (SATISFY) and her contract was not renewed.

unsatisfactory

3 It is becoming _ (INCREASE) difficult for artists to obtain public funding for their work.

increasingly

4 The assistants in Gamidges are unhelpful and _ (COURTESY) I shall shop

elsewhere in future

discourteous

5 My grandfather was extremely

(KNOWLEDGE) about astronomy; the planets were his great passion.

knowledgeable

6 We strayed from the path at some point and got (HOPE) lost hopelessly

7 Although several companies made

(SUBSTANCE) losses, the market as a whole was buoyant.

substantial

8 The bookcase was placed (STRATEGY) a huge crack in the wall strategically

LUCKY YOU!!!!!

+10

Word Formation

CAN YOU TRUST THE INTERNET?

Most would agree that the golden age of

the library has well and (0) truly passed TRUE

and that the internet has overtaken as

provider of (1) information GLOBE

At the same time, there is growing

awareness and (2) _ that SUSPECT

online articles which seem to be based

on thorough research, evidence and

academic study, are not as (3) _ FACT

as they claim Online, a writer has the kind

of (4) _ powers that no ordinary EDIT

global suspicion

factual editorial

journalist or author would ever have,

and the reader is forced to distinguish

between what is actually (5) OBJECT

of what is mere opinion And even sites

which were once though to be (6) _ RELY

now suffer from attacks carried out by

internet vandals intending to cause

deliberate (7) with statistics, ACCURATE

or publish personal abuse against a

well-known person, for example

that of writers claiming to have academic

backgrounds or (9) _ in an EXPERT

area when they do not In 2007 online

encyclopedia Wikipedia admitted that

one of their editors, a professor of

religious studies who other editors

believed to be entirely (10) , TRUST

was actually a 24-year-old student called

Ryan Jordan Before he was unmasked,

Jordan had made over 20,000 alterations

to the entries people had posted on the

cyclopedia.

expertise

trustworthy

OPEN CLOZE

Scientists in Bonn have developed a method of listening to sounds from plants normally inaudible (0) ……… the

human ear The basic technique (1) ……… developed

in the Netherlands, but the German equipment is (2)

……… sensitive When a leaf or stem is sliced, the plant signals pain or dismay (3) ………… releasing the gas ethylene over its entire surface The gas molecules are collected in a bell jar and bombarded with laser beams,

(4) ……… makes them vibrate The resultant

sound waves are amplified in a resonance tube,(5)

……… detected with a sensitive microphone The (6) ………… a plant is subjected to stress, the louder the signal.

to

more was

by

which

then / and

more/longer

One surprising result came from an apparently healthy cucumber that was virtually shouting (7) ………… agony (8) ……… closer study showed it (9)………

developed mildew, a harmful fungus, though the

symptoms were (10) ……… apparent Listening

to plants is this (11) ……… could be of great benefit

to farmers as an early-warning system to detect pests and disease and as an aid to efficient storing and

transporting Apples, for instance, give (12)

……… high levels of ethylene, increasing with

ripeness and causing neighbouring fruit (13)

……….rot Invisible differences of ripeness (14)

……… be detected acoustically, enabling fruit

to be separated into battles in order to prolong (15)

its

KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION

1 Having a holiday together was a mistake because we argued all the time (NEVER)

 I wish _on holiday together because we argued all the time

2 You were not supposed to tell anyone about my news! (SECRET)

 I’d rather _instead of telling

everyone.

3 Although I wanted to quit smoking gradually, my doctor told me

to stop immediately (PREFER)

 I _up smoking gradually, but my doctor told me to stop immediately.

we had never gone

you had kept my news secret

would prefer to have given

4 I would find Andy more attractive if he didn’t laugh at

strange things (SENSE)

 If it were humour, I would find Andy quite attractive.

5 If you should ever come to France, please feel free to visit us (HAPPEN)

 Please feel free to visit us

to France.

6 Patrick is going to lose his job if he insists on arriving late to work (KEEP)

 If up late to work, Patrick

is going to lose his job.

not for his strange sense of

if you happen to come

he does keep on turning

7 The most likely reason for the scientists getting the

conclusion from is that they were not thorough enough with their research (PROBABLY)

 If their research had been more thorough, the scientists _

to the wrong conclusion

8 Tom should have admitted his mistake, because the

company usually gives employees another chance.

(SECOND)

 The company might

probably would not have come/jumped

have given Tom a second chance

1 Wishes about the past

WISH + PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE

• This pattern is used to express wishes or regrets about the past:

• Eg: *I wish I had never told him my secret (I'm

sorry that I told him my secret)

*John wishes he hadn't spent so much

money last night (John regrets spending so much

money last night)

2 WOULD RATHER/SOONER + perfect infinitive

• Express preferences about the past and means that the desired action was not performed:

• Eg: Would you rather have had pork than

beef? (=Would you have preferred pork to beef?)

I'd rather have walked but I went by bus

because it was raining (=I would have liked to

walk )

*** Would prefer

We use "would prefer" to say what somebody wants in a

particular situation (not in general):

*WOULD PREFER Sth

*WOULD PREFER TO DO Sth (rather than do sth)

Eg: I'd prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to

the cinema.

*WOULD PREFER TO HAVE DONE Sth = WOULD HAVE PREFERRED TO DO Sth

Eg: I would prefer to have become a pilot = I would

have preferred to become a pilot

2 If it were not for

This describes how one event depends on

another

Eg: If it weren’t not for Jim, this company would

be in a mess

THANKS FOR

LISTENING !!!!

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