Xây dựng và sử dụng hệ thống bài tập thực tiễn trong dạy học chương từ trường và hiện tượng cảm ứng điện từ vật lí lớp 11 theo hướng phát triển năng lực sáng tạo cho học sinh

DӵDYjRVӵ WѭѫQJWӵ vӅ bҧn chҩt cӫDTXiWUuQKQKұn thӭc cӫa hӑc sinh khi hӑc tұp vұt Ot YjFӫDQKjYұt Ot hӑFNKLQJKLrQFӭu vұt OtFyWKӇ [k\Gӵng nhӳQJEjLWұSViQJWҥo vӅ vұt Ot ÿӇ bӗLGѭӥQJWѭGX\ViQJWҥo

Trang 1

ĈҤI HӐ&Ĉ¬1 ҸNG 75Ѭ Ӡ1*Ĉ ҤI HӐ&6Ѭ3+ ҤM

-

KIӄ8Ĉ Ӛ NGӐC TRINH

;Æ<'Ӵ1*9¬6Ӱ'Ө1*+ӊ7+Ӕ1*%¬,7Ұ37+Ӵ&7,ӈ1 7521*'Ҥ<+Ӑ&&+ѬѪ1*³7Ӯ75ѬӠ1*´9¬³+,ӊ17ѬӦ1*

Trang 2

ĈҤI HӐ&Ĉ¬1 ҸNG 75Ѭ Ӡ1*Ĉ ҤI HӐ&6Ѭ3+ ҤM

-

KIӄ8Ĉ Ӛ NGӐC TRINH

;Æ<'Ӵ1*9¬6Ӱ'Ө1*+ӊ7+Ӕ1*%¬,7Ұ37+Ӵ&7,ӈ1 7521*'Ҥ< +Ӑ&&+ѬѪ1*³7Ӯ75ѬӠ1*´9¬³+,ӊ17ѬӦ1*

Trang 3

Ĉ͋ KRjQWKjQKÿ˱ ͫc lu̵QYăQQj\W{L xin g͵ i lͥ i c̫ m

˯QFKkQWKjQKQK ̭Wÿ ͇n th̯\JLiR ± T.S Nguy͍ n M̩ QK+QJ ± QJ˱ ͥL ÿm W ̵Q WuQK K˱ ͣng d̳Q Yj JL~S ÿ ͩ W{L trong su͙ W TXi

WUuQKOjPOX ̵QYăQ

7{L [LQ FiP ˯Q ṱ t c̫ FiF WK ̯\ F{ JLiR ÿm JL ̫ng d̩y NKyD&DRK ͕F./tOX ̵QYjSK˱˯QJSKiSG ̩y h͕c V̵W/t - WU˱ ͥQJĈ ̩i h͕F6˱SK ̩m ± Ĉ̩i h͕FĈj1 ̽QJÿmFXQJF ̭p cho W{L nhͷ ng ki͇ n thͱ c v͉ Ot OX ̵Q FǊQJ QK˱ QK ͷng kinh nghi͏m

th͹ c ti͍ n qua thͥ i gian h͕ c t̵ p t̩ L WU˱ ͥQJ OjP F˯ V ͧ ÿ͋ W{L KRjQWKjQKW ͙Wÿ ͉ WjL Qj\

Cu͙ LFQJW{L xin c̫ P˯QJLDÿuQKYjE ̩QEqFiFE ̩n h͕ c YLrQWURQJO ͣp,FiFWK ̯\F{JLiRWU˱ ͥQJ7+37+RjQJ+RD

7KiP nhͷQJ QJ˱ ͥL ÿm ÿ ͛QJ KjQK Yj JL~S ÿ ͩ W{L trong su͙ t thͥ i gian qua

M̿ F G ÿm Fy QKL ͉ u c͙ g̷ QJ VRQJ FǊQJ NK{QJ WUiQK kh͗ i nhͷ ng h̩ n ch͇ VDLVyW9uY ̵\W{L r̭ t mong nh̵ Qÿ˱ ͫc s͹

JySêF ͯa th̯\F{YjFiFE ̩Qÿ ͋ ÿ ͉ WjLÿ˱ ͫFKRjQWKL ͏ QK˯Q

;LQFKkQWKjQKF ̫P˯Q

Ĉj1 ̽QJWKiQJQăP

Hӑ c YLrQ

KiӅ XĈ ӛ Ngӑc Trinh

Trang 7

MӨC LӨC

LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1 .i

LӠI CA0Ĉ2$1 ii

7Ï07 ҲT LUҰ19Ă1 iii

MӨC LӨC v

DANH MӨ&&È&&+ Ӳ VIӂT TҲT viii

DANH MӨ&&È&% ҦNG ix

DANH MӨ&&È& +Î1+ x

DANH MӨ&&È&6ѪĈ Ӗ xi

MӢ ĈҪU 1

/tGRFKӑQÿӅ WjL 1

2 Tәng quan vҩQÿӅ QJKLrQFӭu 2

3 MөFÿtFKQJKLrQFӭu 3

4 Giҧ thuyӃt khoa hӑc 3

ĈӕLWѭӧQJYjSKҥPYLQJKLrQFӭu 3

6 NhiӋm vө QJKLrQFӭu 3

3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭu 4

8 Bӕ cөFÿӅ WjL 4

ĈyQJJySFӫDÿӅ WjL 5

&+ѬѪ1* &Ѫ6 Ӣ /Ë/8 ҰN CӪA VIӊ&3+È775, ӆ11Ă1*/ Ӵ&6È1* TҤO CHO HӐC SINH 6

6iQJWҥo YjQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo 6

6iQJWҥRYjWѭGX\ViQJWҥo 6

1ăQJOӵFViQJWҥo 7

&iFELӇu hiӋn cӫDQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo 8

3KiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫa HS trong dҥy hӑc vұWOt 11

7LrXFKtNLӇPWUDÿiQKJLiQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫa HS trong dҥy hӑc vұt Ot 12 %jLWұp vұWOtWKӵc tiӉn 15

%jLWұp vұWOt 15

%jLWұp vұWOtWKӵc tiӉn (BTVL thӵc tiӉQ YjYDLWUzFӫDFK~QJWURQJYLӋc SKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo (NLST) 15

1.3 HӋ thӕQJEjLWұp vұWOtthӵc tiӉn 23

;k\GӵQJYjVӱ dөQJEjLWұp vұWOtWKӵc tiӉQWKHRKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇn NLST cӫa HS 23

1.4.1 %jLWұSÿӏQKKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵc 23

Trang 8

1.4.2 Quan hӋ giӳa sӱ dөng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp vұWOtWKӵc tiӉQYjYLӋFSKiWWULӇn

QăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫa HS 25

&iFKVӱ dөng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp vұWOtWKӵc tiӉn nhҵPSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵc ViQJWҥo cӫD+6WURQJTXiWUuQKGҥy hӑc 26

7uQKKuQKVӱ dөQJEjLWұp vұWOtJҳn vӟi thӵc tiӉn trong dҥy hӑc ӣ WUѭӡng THPT WKHRKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo 30

1.5.1 Nhұn thӭc vӅ WѭGX\ViQJWҥRYjWKӵc trҥng cӫa viӋc bӗLGѭӥQJQăQJOӵc ViQJWҥo cho hӑc sinh ӣ FiFWUѭӡng trung hӑc phә WK{QJKLӋn nay 30

1.5.2 Thӵc trҥng vӅ vҩQÿӅ sӱ dөQJEjLWұp vұWOtÿӇ bӗLGѭӥQJQăQJOӵFViQJ tҥo cho hӑc sinh ӣ FiFWUѭӡng THPT hiӋn nay 30

1.5.3 Mӝt sӕ QJX\rQQKkQFѫEҧn 30

KӂT LUҰ1&+ѬѪ1* 31

&+ѬѪ1* ;Æ< ' Ӵ1* 9¬ 6 Ӱ DӨNG Hӊ THӔ1* %¬, 7 ҰP THӴC TIӈ1 &+ѬѪ1* ³7 Ӯ 75Ѭ Ӡ1*´ 9¬ ³+, ӊ1 7Ѭ ӦNG CҦM Ӭ1* Ĉ, ӊN TӮ´ 9 Ұ7 /Ë / Ӟ3 7+(2 +Ѭ Ӟ1* 3+È7 TRIӆ1 1Ă1* / Ӵ& 6È1* TҤO CHO HӐC SINH 32

3KkQWtFKFҩXWU~FFӫDFKѭѫQJ7ӯ WUѭӡQJYj&ҧm ӭQJÿLӋn tӯ 32

3KkQWtFKFҩXWU~FFӫDFKѭѫQJ7ӯ WUѭӡng 32

2.1.2 3KkQWtFKFҩXWU~FFKѭѫQJKLӋQWѭӧng cҧm ӭQJÿLӋn tӯ 50

;k\Gӵng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp ӭng dөng thӵc tiӉQFKѭѫQJ7ӯ WUѭӡng 64

2.3 ;k\ Gӵng hӋ thӕQJ EjL Wұp ӭng dөng thӵc tiӉQ FKѭѫQJ KLӋQ Wѭӧng cҧm ӭng ÿLӋn tӯ 75

2.4;k\GӵQJFiFWLӃQWUuQKGҥy hӑFFyVӱ dөQJEjLWұp thӵc tiӉQWKHRKѭӟQJSKiW triӇn NLST cӫa HS 78

2.4.1 TiӃQWUuQKGҥy hӑFEjL 79

;k\GӵQJF{QJFө ÿiQKJLiQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫa hӑc sinh qua hӋ thӕQJEjL tұp thӵc tiӉQÿѭӧc sӱ dөng trong tiӃQWUuQKGҥy hӑc 98

2.5.1 HoҥWÿӝng cӫa GV 99

2.5.2 HoҥWÿӝng cӫa HS 99

&+ѬѪ1* THӴC NGHIӊ06Ѭ3+ ҤM 101

Trang 9

3.1 MөFÿtFKQKLӋm vө TNSP 101

3.1.1 MөFÿtFK7163 101

3.1.2 NhiӋm vө cӫa TNSP 101

3.2 Nӝi dung TNSP 101

&{QJWiFFKXҭn bӏ TNSP 101

3.2.2 ChӑQÿӕLWѭӧng TNSP 101

3.2.3 TiӃQKjQK7163 101

3.3 KӃt quҧ TNSP 102

3KѭѫQJSKiS[ӱ OtNӃt quҧ 102

3.3.2 Bҧng sӕ liӋu kӃt quҧ WKXÿѭӧc 103

&iFÿѭӡng tҫn sӕ WtFKOǊ\ӭng vӟi lӟSĈ&YjOӟp TN 104

3KkQWtFKNӃt quҧ YjNLӇPÿӏQKWtQKFKtQK[iFFӫa kӃt quҧ WKXÿѭӧc 104

3.3.5 Sҧn phҭPP{KuQKWURQJTXiWUuQKVӱ dөng hӋ thӕQJ%79/77SKiWKX\ QăQJOӵFViQJWҥo 105

3.3.6 KӃt luұn vӅ thӵc nghiӋm 116

KӂT LUҰN 119

7¬, LIӊU THAM KHҦO 121

PHӨ LӨC

Trang 10

DANH MӨ&&È&&+ Ӳ VIӂT TҲT

GV

HS NLST PPDH QTDH SGK TDST THPT

TN

%jLWұp

%jLWұp vұWOtWKӵc tiӉn Ĉӕi chӭng

*LiRYLrQ

Hӑc sinh 1ăQJOӵFViQJWҥo 3KѭѫQJSKiSGҥy hӑc 4XiWUuQKGҥy hӑc 6iFKJLiRNKRD7ѭGX\ViQJWҥo Trung hӑc phә WK{QJ

Thӵc nghiӋm

Trang 11

DANH MӨ&&È& BҦNG

Sӕ hiӋ u

3.1 BҧQJSKkQSKӕi tҫn sӕ kӃt quҧ 103 3.2 Bҧng phҫQWUăPVӕ hӑFVLQKÿҥWÿLӇm Xi trӣ xuӕng 103 3.3 BҧQJSKkQSKӕi tҫn sӕ WtFKOǊ\WLӃn 104 3.4 7LrXFKtÿiQKJLiNӃt quҧ sҧn phҭm 105

Trang 12

DANH MӨ&&È& +Î1+

Sӕ hiӋ u

2.1 Ĉѭӡng sӭc tӯ cӫDQDPFKkPWKҷng 34 2.2 7KtQJKLӋm khҧRViWOӵc tӯ WiFGөQJOrQKҥWPDQJÿLӋn chuyӇn

2.3 &KXWUuQKWӯ trӉ 42

2.5 Cҩu tҥRÿLӋn kӃ khung quay 46 2.6 Cҩu tҥRÿӝQJFѫÿLӋn mӝt chiӅu 47 2.7 Cҩu tҥRORDÿLӋQÿӝng 48 2.8 ChuyӇQÿӝng cӫDFKPÿLӋn tӱ trong tӯ WUѭӡQJYjÿLӋQWUѭӡng 48 2.9 0i\JLDWӕc Xiclotron 49 2.10 7KtQJKLӋPYӅKLӋQWѭӧQJFҧPӭQJÿLӋQWӯ 53 2.11 Minh hӑDErQWURQJQJXӗQÿLӋn 54 2.12 ChuyӇQÿӝng cӫa thanh MN trong tӯ WUѭӡQJÿӅu 57 2.13 HiӋQWѭӧng cҧm ӭQJÿLӋn tӯ 58 2.14 'zQJÿLӋn Fu - co 59 2.15 HiӋQWѭӧng tӵ cҧm 61

Trang 13

DANH MӨ&&È& 6ѪĈ Ӗ

Sӕ hiӋ u

Vѫÿ ӗ 7rQVѫÿ ӗ Trang

1.1 &iFEѭӟc giҧLEjLWұp VұW/t 21

1.2 TiӃQ WUuQK Gҥy hӑF WKHR Kѭӟng sӱ dөQJ %777 ÿӇ SKiW WULӇn

Trang 14

MӢ ĈҪU

1 /t do chӑ Qÿ Ӆ WjL

7Uѭӟc xu thӃ hӝi nhұSFQJ Yӟi sӵ EQJQә WK{QJWLQ ÿzLKӓi mӛLQJѭӡi lao

ÿӝQJNK{Qg nhӳng phҧLFyWUuQKÿӝ PjSKҧi thӵc sӵ QăQJÿӝQJViQJWҥo, biӃt tiӃp thu

WK{QJWLQYj[ӱ OtWK{QJWLQÿӇ WuPUDJLҧLSKiSWӕt nhҩt cho nhӳng vҩQÿӅ ÿһt ra trong

thӵc tӃ cuӝc sӕng Nghӏ quyӃt Hӝi nghӏ Ban chҩSKjQK 7UXQJ ѭѫQJĈҧng lҫn thӭ 2

NKRi9,,, ÿmFKӍ U}³ Ĉ͝i mͣi m̩nh mͅ SK˱˯QJSKiSJLiRG ͭFÿjRW ̩o, kh̷c phͭc

l͙ i truy͉ n thͭ m͡ t chi͉ XUqQOX\ ͏n n͇ SW˱GX\ViQJW ̩o cͯDQJ˱ ͥi h͕F«´ ĈӇ ÿiSӭng

\rXFҫXÿyGҥy hӑc hiӋQQD\NK{QJFKӍ truyӅn thө kiӃn thӭFPjSKҧLFK~WUӑQJÿӃn

QăQJOӵc hoҥWÿӝng cӫa hӑc sinh (HS)

Trong vұt Ot hӑFTXiWUuQKWѭGX\ViQJWҥo cӫa hӑc sinh vӅ bҧn chҩWFǊQJWѭѫQJ

tӵ QKѭTXiWUuQKWѭGX\FӫDQKjYұWOtKӑc, tӭFOjFǊQJFyVӵ nә lӵFYѭӧWTXDFiFNKyNKăQÿӇ ÿL Wӯ FKѭDELӃWÿӃn biӃWWX\NKiFQKDXYӅ mӭFÿӝ YjÿLӅu kiӋn ngKLrQ Fӭu

DӵDYjRVӵ WѭѫQJWӵ vӅ bҧn chҩt cӫDTXiWUuQKQKұn thӭc cӫa hӑc sinh khi hӑc tұp vұt

Ot YjFӫDQKjYұt Ot hӑFNKLQJKLrQFӭu vұt OtFyWKӇ [k\Gӵng nhӳQJEjLWұSViQJWҥo

vӅ vұt Ot ÿӇ bӗLGѭӥQJWѭGX\ViQJWҥo cho hӑc sinh.Vұt Ot Oj PӝWP{QKӑc tӵ QKLrQ

NK{QJFKӍ cung cҩSFKRQJѭӡi hӑc sӵ hiӇu biӃWFiFKLӋQWѭӧng tӵ QKLrQNӻ thuұWPj

FzQOjP{QKӑFJL~SQJѭӡi hӑFSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFWѭGX\WK{QJTXDQKӳng suy luұQFy

WtQKORJLFKRһc qua nhӳng hӋ thӕQJFiFEjLWұSPjFKѭѫQJWUuQKP{QKӑFÿѭDUD

Vӟi bӝ P{Q 9ұt Ot ÿӇ hӑc tӕW WKu Kӑc sinh vӯa phҧi nҳm vӳng bҧn chҩt, nӝi

dung cӫDFiFÿӏnh luұt, hiӋQWѭӧng, FiFWKX\ӃW«Yӯa phҧi biӃt vұn dөng nhӳng kiӃn

thӭFÿyYjRWKӵc tiӉQ9uYұy hӑc sinh cҫn phҧLFyPӝWSKѭѫQJSKiSKӑFWtFKFӵc, chӫ

ÿӝQJFyFѫKӝi tiӃQKjQKFiFWKtQJKLӋPSKkQWtFKFiFEjLWұSOLrQKӋ vӟi thӵc tiӉQWKu

mӟi hiӇXEjLPӝWFiFKVkXVҳF1yLYӅ FKѭѫQJ³7ӯ WUѭӡQJ´Yj³Cҧm ӭQJÿLӋn tӯ´ÿk\

OjPӝWFKѭѫQJWѭѫQJÿӕLNKyÿӕi vӟi hӑc sinh lӟp 11 NhiӅXHPNK{QJKLӇu hoһc hiӇu

mӝWFiFKKӡi hӧt phҫn kiӃn thӭFWURQJFKѭѫQJQj\7KLӃWQJKƭQӃXFiFHPFyFѫKӝi tӵ WuPWzLQJKLrQFӭXWUDRÿәi vӟLJLiRYLrQYjFiFEҥQWKuQKҩWÿӏnh hiӋu quҧ hӑc tұp

cӫDFiFHPVӁ ÿѭӧFQkQJOrQÿiQJNӇ

/jPӝWP{QNKRDKӑc thӵc nghiӋm, vұWOtFyUҩt nhiӅu khҧ Qăng trong viӋFSKiW

triӇn nhӳQJQăQJOӵc nhұn thӭc cho hӑFVLQK1yFXQJFҩp cho hӑc sinh nhӳng tri thӭc

khoa hӑc phә WK{QJFѫEҧn vӅ mӕLOLrQKӋ qua lҥi giӳa khoa hӑFNƭWKXұWP{LWUѭӡng

thӵc tiӉQÿӡi sӕng hҵQJQJj\YjFRQQJѭӡi ViӋc vұn dөng nhӳng kiӃn thӭc Ot thuyӃt

Qj\YjRFXӝc sӕng, viӋc giҧLFiFEjLWұSFyQӝi dung gҳn vӟi thӵc tiӉn sӁ OjPSKiWWULӇn

ӣ FiFHPWtQKWtFKFӵc, tӵ lұSyFViQJNLӃn, nhӳng hӭQJWK~QKұn thӭc, tinh thҫQYѭӧt

NKyWӭFOjQKӳng phҭm chҩWTXtEiXÿӕi vӟi cuӝc sӕQJODRÿӝng sҧn xuҩt

GiҧLEjLWұp vұWOtOjO~FKӑc sinh hoҥWÿӝng tӵ lӵFÿӇ cӫng cӕ YjWUDXGӗi kiӃn

Trang 15

thӭc cӫD PuQK 'R Yұ\ EjL Wұp vұW Ot YӯD Oj PөF ÿtFK YӯD Oj Qӝi dung, lҥi vӯD Oj

SKѭѫQJSKiSGҥy hӑc hiӋu nghiӋm Thӵc tӃ dҥy hӑc cho thҩ\EjLWұp vұWOtQyLFKXng

FyWiFGөQJJL~SKӑFVLQKUqQOX\ӋQYjSKiWWULӇQWѭGX\7K{QJTXDYLӋc giҧi nhӳng

EjLWұSFyQKӳQJÿLӅu kiӋQYj\rXFҫXWKѭӡng gһp trong thӵc tiӉQEjLWұp gҳn vӟi thӵc

tiӉQ QKѭEjLWұp vӅ tӯ WUѭӡQJWUiLÿҩWFKX{QJÿLӋQPi\SKiWÿLӋQÿӝQJFѫÿLӋn«VӁ

OjPWăQJOzQJVD\PrKӑc hӓLSKiWWULӇQWѭGX\ViQJWҥRQăQJOӵc giҧi quyӃt vҩQÿӅ ӣ

hӑc sinh ViӋFWăQJFѭӡng sӱ dөQJEjLWұp thӵc tiӉn trong dҥ\YjKӑc vұWOtVӁ JySSKҫn

thӵc hiӋQQJX\rQOtJLiRGөc cӫDĈҧng Cӝng sҧn ViӋW1DP³+ӑFÿLÿ{LYӟLKjQKJLiR

dөc kӃt hӧp vӟLODRÿӝng sҧn xuҩWOtOXұn gҳn liӅn vӟi thӵc tiӉQ´7X\QKLrQWURQJFiF

ViFKJLiRNKRDYұWOtӣ ViӋt Nam, sӕ OѭӧQJFiFEjLWұp gҳn vӟi thӵc tiӉQFKѭDÿDGҥng,

FKѭDQKLӅXFKѭDÿiSӭQJÿѭӧc nhu cҫu giҧLWKtFKQKӳng vҩQÿӅ OLrQTXDQvұWOtWURQJ

ÿӡi sӕQJYjVҧn xuҩt cӫD*9FǊQJQKѭKӑc sinh HӑFVLQKFyWKӇ giҧLWKjQKWKҥRFiF

EjLWұp vұWOtSKӭc tҥSQKѭQJNKLFҫn phҧLGQJNLӃn thӭc vұWOtÿӇ giҧi quyӃt mӝWWuQK

huӕng cө thӇ trong thӵc tiӉQWKuFiFHPOҥi rҩWO~QJW~QJ

7UrQTXDQÿLӇPÿyFQJYӟi sӵ mong muӕQ[k\GӵQJÿѭӧc hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp vұt

OtFyFKҩWOѭӧng tӕWJySSKҫQQkQJFDRFKҩWOѭӧng dҥy hӑc vұWOtSKә WK{QJSKKӧp

vӟi viӋFÿәi mӟLSKѭѫQJSKiSGҥ\YjKӑFW{LÿmFKӑQÿӅ WjL ³;Æ<'Ӵ1*9¬6Ӱ

'Ө1* +ӊ 7+Ӕ1* %¬, 7Ұ3 7+Ӵ& 7,ӈ1 7521* 'Ҥ< +Ӑ& &+ѬѪ1* ³7Ӯ

75ѬӠ1*´ 9¬ ³+,ӊ1 7ѬӦ1* &Ҧ0 Ӭ1* Ĉ,ӊ1 7Ӯ´ 9Ұ7 /Ë /Ӟ3 7+(2+ѬӞ1*3+È775,ӆ11Ă1*/Ӵ&6È1*7Ҥ2&+2+Ӑ&6,1+´

2 Tә ng quan vҩ Qÿ Ӆ QJKLrQF ӭu

7URQJ TXiWUuQKGҥ\Yj KӑF P{QYұW OtQӃX JLiRYLrQFKӍ UD ÿѭӧc sӵ gҫQJǊL

giӳDP{QKӑc vӟi thӵc tӃ cho hӑc sinh thҩ\WKuFiFHPVӁ \rXWKtFKP{QYұWOtKѫQ%ӝ

6iFKJLiRNKRDPӟi hiӋQQD\FyUҩt nhiӅXFiFWѭOLӋXNqPWKHRFiFKuQKҧnh sӕQJÿӝng

phҫQQjRÿyÿiSӭQJÿѭӧF\rXFҫXÿәi mӟi trong dҥy hӑF7X\QKLrQGRQKLӅXQJX\rQ

QKkQQrQYLӋc gҳn EjLKӑc vӟLFiFQӝLGXQJFyOLrQTXDQÿӃn thӵc tiӉQFzQUҩt hҥn chӃ

NhiӅXEjLWұp vұWOtFzQ[DUӡi thӵc tiӉn cuӝc sӕQJYjVҧn xuҩWTXiFK~WUӑQJÿӃQFiF

WtQK WRiQ SKӭc tҥS ĈӇ phҫQ QjR ÿiSӭng nhu cҫX ÿәi mӟi nӝL GXQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS

giҧng dҥ\YjKӑc tұp P{QYұWOtSKә WK{QJWKHRKѭӟng gҳQEyYӟi thӵc tiӉQÿmFyPӝt

sӕ ViFKWKDPNKҧRÿѭӧc xuҩt bҧn, chҷng hҥn: ³Nhͷ QJEjLW ̵Sÿ ͓ QKWtQKY ͉ v̵ t Ot c̭ p

ba´ FӫD 0(7XOWULQ[NL³%jLW ̵Sÿ ͓ QKWtQKYjFkXK ͗i th͹c t͇´Fӫa NguyӉQ'ǊQJ

NguyӉQĈӭF0LQK1J{4Xӕc QXêQK³H͗ LÿiSQK ͷng hi͏QW˱ ͫng v̵t Ot´Fӫa NguyӉn

ĈӭF 0LQK Yj 1J{ 9ăQ KRiW ³%jL W ̵S ÿ ͓ QK WtQK Yj FkX K ͗i th͹c t͇ ´ Fӫa NguyӉn

Thanh Hҧi viӃWFKRFiFOӟSYj

HiӋQQD\ÿmFyQKLӅXF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQFӭu vӅ viӋc sӱ dөng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp

WKHRÿӏQKKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵc cӫa HS, chҷng hҥn luұQYăQWKҥFVƭFӫD/r9ăQ

Trang 16

ĈiQ³So̩ n th̫ o h͏ th͙ QJEjLW ̵SYjK˱ ͣng d̳n ho̩Wÿ ͡ng gi̫LEjLW ̵SFK˱˯QJ³7 ͳ

WU˱ ͥQJ´Y ̵t Ot WKHR K˱ ͣQJSKiWKX\WtQKWtFKF ͹c, t͹ chͯ YjE ͛LG˱ ͩQJQăQJO ͹c

ViQJW ̩o cͯa h͕FVLQK´ [@ &{QJ WUuQK Qj\ ÿm QJKLrQ FӭXFѫVӣ OtOXұn cӫDSKѭѫQJ

SKiSGҥy hӑc VұWOtÿӇ SKiWKX\WtQKWtFKFӵc, tӵ chӫ YjEӗLGѭӥQJQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo

cӫa hӑFVLQKÿһc biӋWFK~êÿӃQFѫVӣ OtOXұn vӅ dҥy giҧLEjLWұp vұWOtSKә WK{QJ+D\

luұQYăQNCS cӫD9Ǌ7Kӏ 0LQK³1JKLrQF ͱX[k\G ͹QJYjV ͵ dͭng h͏ th͙ QJEjLW ̵p

ViQJW ̩o trong d̩y h͕c ph̯Q&˯K ͕c lͣp 10 ± trung h͕c ph͝ WK{QJ´[11@ÿmSKiWWULӇn

WKHRKѭӟng mӟLOjOjPWKӃ QjRÿӇ bӗLGѭӥQJQăQJOӵF7'67YjÿiQKJLiÿӏQKOѭӧng

QăQJOӵc TDST cӫa HS troQJ'+9/WK{QJTXDYLӋc sӱ dөng BTST

7X\QKLrQGR[XҩWSKiWWӯ FiFPөFÿtFKNKiFQKDXQrQFiFF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQ

cӭXWUrQ FKѭD ÿLVkXYjR YLӋF [k\ GӵQJYj Vӱ dөQJFy KLӋu quҧ %777 WKHR Kѭӟng

SKiW WULӇn NLST cho HS trong dҥy hӑc vұW Otӣ WUѭӡng THPT Vӟi ÿӅ WjL FӫD PuQK

FK~QJW{LVӁ kӃ thӯa nhӳQJFѫVӣ OtOXұn cӫDFiFF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQFӭXWUѭӟFÿk\ÿLӇm

mӟi ӣ ÿk\OjFK~WUӑQJQJKLrQFӭX[k\GӵQJYjVӱ dөng hӋ thӕQJ%777FKѭѫQJ³7ӯ

WUѭӡQJ´YjFKѭѫQJ³+LӋQWѭӧng cҧm ӭQJÿLӋn tӯ´9ұWOtWKHRKѭӟQJSKiW triӇQQăQJ

lӵFViQJWҥRFKR+6JySSKҫQQkQJFDRFKҩWOѭӧng hӑc tұp cӫa HS khӕi lӟSQyL

ULrQJYjFӫa HS bұF7+37QyLFKXQJ

3 MөFÿtFKQJKLrQF ӭu

;k\GӵQJYjVӱ dөng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp vұt Ot thӵc tiӉn trong dҥy hӑFKDLFKѭѫQJ

tӯ WUѭӡQJYjFҧm ӭQJÿLӋn tӯ (vұt Ot lӟS WKHRKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo

cӫa HS nhҵPJySSKҫQQkQJFDRFKҩWOѭӧng dҥy hӑc vұWOtӣ WUѭӡng THPT

4 Giҧ thuyӃ t khoa hӑ c

Trong dҥy hӑFFKѭѫQJWӯ WUѭӡQJYjFҧm ӭQJÿLӋn tӯ, nӃX*9[k\GӵQJYjVӱ

dөng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp vұt ltJҳn vӟi thӵc tiӉQSKKӧSWKuVӁ SKiWWULӇQÿѭӧFQăQJOӵc

ViQJWҥo cӫa HS

Ĉ ӕLWѭ ӧQJYjSK ҥPYLQJKLrQF ӭu

.KiFKWKӇ QJKLrQFӭu: 4XiWUuQKGҥy hӑc vұWOtӣ WUѭӡng THPT

ĈӕLWѭӧQJQJKLrQFӭu: 4Xi WUuQK[k\ GӵQJYj Vӱ dөQJEjLWұp vұt Ot YjR Gҥy

hӑc

PhҥPYLQJKLrQFӭu: 4XiWUuQKGҥy hӑF&KѭѫQJ³7ӯ WUѭӡQJ´Yj³&ҧm ӭQJÿLӋn

tӯ´9ұWOtOӟp 11 SGK QkQJFDR

6 NhiӋ m vө QJKLrQF ӭu

1JKLrQFӭXOtOXұn vӅ EjLWұp vұWOtEjLWұp vұt Ot thӵc tiӉn

1JKLrQFӭu vӅ ViQJWҥRQăQJOӵFViQJWҥRFiFELӋQSKiSSKiW triӇn NLST cho

HS trong dҥy hӑFYjFiFKÿiQKJLiVӵ SKiWWULӇn NLST cӫa HS

TuyӇn chӑQYj[k\Gӵng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp vұWOtJҳn vӟi thӵc tiӉQGQJWURQJ

Trang 17

dҥy hӑFFKѭѫQJWӯ WUѭӡQJYjFҧm ӭQJÿLӋn tӯ ӣ WUѭӡng THPT

1JKLrQFӭXFiFKVӱ dөng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp vұWOtJҳn vӟi thӵc tiӉn trong dҥy hӑc

WKHRÿӏQKKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵc ST cӫa HS

;k\GӵQJFiFWLӃQWUuQKGҥy hӑFFyVӱ dөQJFiFEjLWұp thӵc tiӉQWKHRKѭӟng

SKiWWULӇn NLST cӫa HS

Thӵc nghiӋPVѭSKҥPÿӇ ÿiQK JLi WtQK NKҧ thi cӫa hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp, cӫa FiF

tiӃQWUuQKGҥy hӑFYjÿӇ kiӇm tra giҧ thuyӃt khoa hӑc

3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQF ӭu

1JKLrQF ͱXOtOX ̵n:

1JKLrQFӭXFiFYăQEҧn cӫDĈҧQJ1Kj1ѭӟc, cӫa Bӝ JLiRGөFYjÿjRWҥRFy

OLrQTXDQÿӃQÿӅ WjL

1JKLrQFӭXFѫVӣ OtOXұn vӅ WkPOtKӑFJLiRGөc hӑc YjYӅ EjLWұp vұWOt

1JKLrQFӭu mөFWLrXQӝLGXQJFKѭѫQJWUuQKYұt Ot lӟSQkQJFDRÿһc biӋWOj

&KѭѫQJ ³7ӯ WUѭӡQJ´ Yj ³&ҧm ӭQJ ÿLӋn tӯ´ 9ұW Ot Oӟp 11 SGK QkQJ FDR Yj FiFFKѭѫQJFyOLrQTXDQÿӃn kiӃn thӭc cӫDFKѭѫQJQj\

1JKLrQF ͱu th͹c ti͍ n:

4XDQViWVѭSKҥm, sӱ dөQJSKѭѫQJSKiSFKX\rQJLD

Thӵc nghiӋPVѭSKҥPÿӇ ÿiQKJLiWtQKNKҧ thi cӫa hӋ thӕQJEjLWұSYjFiFWLӃn

WUuQKGҥy hӑc, kiӇm chӭng giҧ thuyӃt khoa hӑc

ĈL ͉ u tra:

Tham khҧRêNLӃn cӫDJLiRYLrQKѭӟng dүQFǊQJQKѭPӝt sӕ JLiRYLrQ9ұWOtFy

kinh nghiӋm dҥy lӟSÿӇ hӑc hӓLYjWUDXGӗi kinh nghiӋm dҥy hӑFFǊQJQKѭFiFK

Kѭӟng dүn hӑFVLQKSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo

7KăPGzWKiLÿӝ cӫa hӑFVLQKWUѭӟFYjVDXNKLÿѭӧFJLiRVLQKWә chӭFFiFEjL

hӑFWKHRKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫa hӑc sinh

Th͙ QJNr WRiQK ͕c: ĈӇ xӱ Ot kӃt quҧ thu nhұQÿѭӧFTXD TXDQViWÿLӅXWUDYjthӵc nghiӋm SP

8 Bӕ cөFÿ Ӆ WjL

1JRjLSKҫn mӣ ÿҫu, kӃt luұn LuұQYăQJӗPFKѭѫQJ

&KѭѫQJ&ѫVӣ OtOXұn cӫa viӋFSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cho hӑc sinh

&KѭѫQJ;k\GӵQJYjVӱ dөng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp thӵc tiӉQFKѭѫQJ³Wӯ WUѭӡQJ´

Yj³KLӋQWѭӧng cҧm ӭQJÿLӋn tӯ´YұWOtOӟSWKHRKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo

cho hӑc sinh

&KѭѫQJ7Kӵc nghiӋPVѭSKҥm

Trang 18

ĈyQJJySF ӫDÿ Ӆ WjL

7URQJNKX{QNKә cӫa luұQYăQFK~QJW{LÿmQJKLrQFӭu FѫVӣ OtOXұn vӅ viӋc

[k\GӵQJYjYұn dөng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp vұWOtWKӵc tiӉQSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cho

cӫa HS &K~QJW{LÿmOjPU}QӝLGXQJFiFWLrXFKtÿiQKJLiQăQJOӵFViQJWҥRYjFiF

mӭFÿӝ cӫDEjLWұp vұWOtWKӵc tiӉQFǊQJ QKѭYLӋFSKiWKX\WtQKWtFKFӵFYjSKiWWULӇn

QăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫD +6WURQJTXiWUuQKGҥ\YjKӑFĈӗng thӡLFK~QJW{LFǊQJÿm

SKkQWtFKYjOjPU}Pӕi quan hӋ giӳDEjLWұp vұWOtWKӵc tiӉQYjÿӏQKKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇn

QăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫa HS

Tӯ kӃt quҧ thXÿѭӧFNKLQJKLrQFӭu nӝLGXQJFKѭѫQJWUuQKViFKJLiRNKRDYjFiF WjLOLӋu tham khҧROLrQTXDQ FK~QJW{Lÿm WX\Ӈn chӑQ Yj [k\GӵQJÿѭӧc mӝt hӋ

thӕng BTTT cӫDFKѭѫQJ³7ӯ WUѭӡQJ´Yj³+LӋQWѭӧng cҧm ӭQJÿLӋn tӯ´WKXӝFFKѭѫQJ

WUuQKYұWOtOӟS7+37WKHRKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥRFKR+6Yjÿѭӧc sҳp

xӃSWKHRFiFPӭFÿӝ ÿmÿѭӧFSKkQORҥLSKiWKX\ÿѭӧFWtQKWtFKFӵFViQJWҥo trong hӑc

tұp cӫa HS

Trang 19

&Ѫ6 Ӣ /Ë/8 ҰN CӪA VIӊ&3+È775, ӆ11Ă1*/ Ӵ&6È1*7 ҤO

CHO HӐC SINH

6iQJW ҥRYjQăQJO ӵc siQJW ҥo

1.1.1 6iQJW ̩RYjW˱GX\ViQJW ̩o

6iQJWҥROjJu? 6iQJWҥROjQăQJOӵFÿһFWUѭQJYѭӧt trӝi cӫDFRQQJѭӡi so vӟi

ORjLYұt Nhӡ FyViQJWҥRFRQQJѭӡi tҥo ra nhӳng sҧn phҭPNuGLӋXPjWKLrQQKLrQKjRSKyQJ NK{QJ WKӇ Fy ÿѭӧc; tҥo ra nhӳng sҧn phҭm vұt chҩW Yj WLQK WKҫQ QJj\ FjQJ

SKRQJSK~ÿDGҥQJYjWLQKYL6iQJWҥRFyӣ trong mӑLOƭQKYӵc hoҥWÿӝng cӫa con

QJѭӡi (khoa hӑc, nghӋ thuұt, kinh tӃFKtQKWUӏ ) Bӣi bҩWNuKRҥWÿӝQJQjRNK{QJWKHRNKX{QPүXFǊNKLӃn nҧy sinh vҩQÿӅ YjFyVӵ giҧi quyӃt Qy PӝWFiFKWKӓDÿiQJÿӅu

PDQJWtQKViQJWҥo Ӣ ÿLӅu kiӋQSKiWWULӇQEuQKWKѭӡQJDLFǊQJFyQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo,

chӍ NKiF QKDXӣ chӛ QăQJ OӵF ViQJ Wҥo cao hay thҩS Yj Fy NKҧ QăQJ SKiW KX\ KD\NK{QJ7KHR7Uҫn ViӋW'ǊQJ³6iQJWҥROjTXiWUuQKKRҥWÿӝng cӫa FRQQJѭӡi tҥo ra

FiLPӟLFyJLiWUӏ giҧi quyӃt vҩQÿӅ ÿһt ra mӝWFiFKKLӋu quҧÿiSӭng nhu cҫX[iFÿӏnh

cӫDFRQQJѭӡL´ [4]

Theo Vugotxki L.X.: HoҥWÿӝQJViQJWҥROjEҩt cӭ hoҥWÿӝQJQjRFӫDFRQQJѭӡi

tҥRUDÿѭӧFFiLJuPӟLNK{QJNӇ rҵQJFiLÿѭӧc tҥo ra ҩ\OjYұt cө thӇ KD\OjVҧn phҭm

cӫDWUtWXӋ hoһFWuQKFҧm chӍ sӕQJYjELӇu lӝ trong bҧQWKkQFRQQJѭӡi

Theo Torrance P.(6iQJWҥROjTXiWUuQK[iFÿӏQKFiFJLҧ thuyӃWQJKLrQFӭXFK~QJYj

WuPUDNӃt quҧÐQJFKRUҵQJViQJWҥR³OjTXiWUuQKWUӣ QrQQKҥy cҧm hay nhұn biӃt

nhiӅu vҩQÿӅ, sӵ thiӃu hөt hay lӛ hәng trong kiӃn thӭc, sӵ thiӃu hөWFiF\Ӄu tӕ hay sӵ

thiӃXKzDKӧSYYFQJQKDXÿѭDÿӃQFiFPӕi quan hӋ mӟi vӟi nhӳQJWK{QJWLQKLӋn

tҥLFyJLiWUӏ tӯ ÿyGүQÿӃQWuPNLӃm nhӳQJSKѭѫQJiQJLҧi quyӃt, nhӳng phӓQJÿRiQ

F{QJWKӭFKyDYӅ vҩQÿӅ´

1KjWkPOt hӑc Mӻ Willson M cho rҵQJ³6iQJWҥROjTXiWUuQKPjNӃt quҧ Oj

tҥo ra nhӳng kӃt hӧp mӟi cҫn thiӃt tӯ FiFêWѭӣng dҥQJQăQJOѭӧQJFiFÿѫQYӏ WK{QJ

WLQFiFNKiFKWKӇ hay tұp hӧp cӫDKDLEDFiF\Ӄu tӕ QrXUD´

Theo Chu Quang TiӅP³6iQJWҥRFăQFӭ YjRQKӳQJêWѭӣQJÿmFyVҹQOjPWjLOLӋu rӗi

cҳW[pQFKӑn lӑc, tәng hӧp lҥLÿӇ WKjQK PӝWKuQKWѭӧng mӟL´4XDQQLӋPQj\QKҩn

mҥQKÿӃn nhӳQJFiLÿmELӃWOjPFѫVӣ cho sӵ ViQJWҥo

NguyӉQĈӭc Uy cho rҵng³6iQJWҥROjVӵ ÿӝt khӣLWKjQKKjQKÿӝng cӫa mӝt

sҧn phҭPOLrQKӋ mӟi mҿ, nҧy sinh tӯ sӵ ÿӝFÿiRFӫa mӝWFiQKkQYjQKӳQJWѭOLӋu,

biӃn cӕQKkQVӵ, hay nhӳQJKRjQFҧnh cӫDÿӡLQJѭӡi ҩ\´4XDQÿLӇPQj\FKRUҵng

NK{QJFyVӵ SKkQELӋt vӅ ViQJWҥRQJKƭDOj ViQJWҥRGtWGQKLӅXÿӅXOjViQJWҥo

Trong cuӕQ³6ә WD\7kPOt hӑF´WiFJLҧ Trҫn HiӋSYjĈӛ Long cho rҵQJ³6iQJWҥROj

Trang 20

hoҥW ÿӝng tҥo lұS SKiW KLӋn nhӳQJ JLi WUӏ vұt chҩW Yj WLQK WKҫQ 6iQJ WҥR ÿzL KӓL Fi

QKkQSKҧLSKiWKX\QăQJOӵc, phҧLFyÿӝng cѫWULWKӭFNƭQăQJYjYӟLÿLӅu kiӋQQKѭ

vұy mӟi tҥRQrQVҧn phҭm mӟLÿӝFÿiRVkXVҳF´

NguyӉQ+X\7~ WURQJ³ĈӅ FѭѫQJEjLJLҧQJ7kPOt hӑFViQJWҥR´ÿӏnh

QJKƭDViQJWҥRQKѭVDX³6iQJWҥo thӇ hiӋQNKLFRQQJѭӡLÿӭQJWUѭӟFKRjQFҧQKFyYҩn

ÿӅ 4XiWUuQKQj\OjWә hӧSFiFSKҭm chҩWYjQăQJOӵFPjQKӡ ÿyFRQQJѭӡLWUrQFѫVӣ

kinh nghiӋm cӫDPuQKYjEҵQJWѭGX\ÿӝc lұp tҥRUDÿѭӧFêWѭӣng mӟLÿӝFÿiRKӧp Ot

WUrQ EuQK GLӋQ Fi QKkQ KD\ [m Kӝi Ӣ ÿy QJѭӡL ViQJ Wҥo gҥt bӓ ÿѭӧF FiF JLҧL SKiS

truyӅn thӕQJÿӇ ÿѭDUDQKӳng giҧLSKiSPӟLÿӝFÿiRYjWKtFKKӧp cho vҩQÿӅ ÿһWUD´

Theo tӯ ÿLӇn triӃt hӑF³6iQJWҥROjTXi WUuQKKRҥWÿӝng cӫDFRQQJѭӡi tҥo ra

nhӳQJJLiWUӏ vұt chҩt, tinh thҫn, mӟi vӅ chҩW&iFORҥLKuQKViQJWҥRÿѭӧF[iFÿӏnh bӣi

ÿһFWUѭQJQJKӅ nghiӋSQKѭNKRDKӑFNƭWKXұWYăQKӑc, nghӋ thuұt, tә chӭFTXkQVӵ,

&yWKӇ QyLViQJWҥRFyPһt trong mӑLOƭQKYӵc cӫa thӃ giӟi vұt chҩWYjWLQKWKҫQ´

Vұ\FyWKӇ hiӇu rҵng, ViQJW ̩ROjTXiWUuQKKR ̩Wÿ ͡ng cͯDFRQQJ˱ ͥi t̩RUDÿ˱ ͫFFiL

mͣ LFiLP ͣi ̭\OjY ̵t pẖm cͭ th͋ ho̿ FOjP ͡t s̫n pẖPWUtWX ͏ FyJLiWU ͓ gi̫ i quy͇ t

v̭ Qÿ ͉ ÿ ̿t ra

1ăQJO ͹FViQJW ̩o

1ăQJOӵFOjNKҧ QăQJÿLӅu kiӋn chӫ quan hoһc tӵ QKLrQVҹQFyÿӇ thӵc hiӋn mӝt

hoҥWÿӝQJQjRÿy

HuǤQK9ăQ6ѫQFKRUҵQJ³1ăQJOӵFViQJWҥo ljNKҧ QăQJWҥo ra nhӳQJFiLPӟi

hoһc giҧi quyӃt vҩQÿӅ mӝWFiFKPӟi mҿ cӫDFRQQJѭӡL´7ѭѫQJWӵ, Hӗ %i7KkPFy

quan niӋm ngҳn gӑQ³1ăQJOӵFViQJWҥROjQăQJOӵc tҥRUDFiLPӟi vӅ chҩt hӧp quy

luұW´ [16]

1ăQJOӵFViQJWҥROjNKҧ QăQJWҥRUDFiLPӟLFyJLiWUӏ cӫDFiQKkQGӵDWUrQWә

hӧSFiFSKҭm chҩWÿӝFÿiRFӫDFiQKkQÿy1ăQJOӵFViQJWҥROjFiLWLӅm ҭQErQWURQJ

FiQKkQViQJWҥROjVӵ hiӋn thӵFKyDQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫa chӫ thӇ bҵng nhӳng sҧn

phҭPViQJWҥo MӝWNKLFyQăQJOӵFViQJWҥRWKuOLӋXFyQgay sҧn phҭPViQJWҥo hay

NK{QJ"7URQJÿDVӕ WUѭӡng hӧSFyQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫa bҧQWKkQFiQKkQWKuFKѭD

ÿӫ, cҫn phҧLFyÿLӅu kiӋQP{LWUѭӡQJViQJWҥRÿӇ QăQJOӵFViQJWҥRÿySKiWKX\0ӝt

NƭVѭFyêWѭӣng rҩWÿӝFÿiRYӅ mӝt loҥLPi\ED\ÿһc biӋWQKѭQJ nӃXNK{QJFyWLӅn,

NK{QJFyQKj[ѭӣQJPi\PyFWKLӃt bӏ ÿӇ thiӃt kӃ thӱ nghiӋPWKuPmLPmLFKӍ nҵm ӣ

dҥQJêWѭӣQJÿѫQWKXҫQNK{QJWKӇ trӣ WKjQKVҧn phҭPViQJWҥo cө thӇFKѭDNӇ ÿӃn

P{LWUѭӡQJViQJWҥRFyWKXұn lӧLKD\NK{QJӫng hӝ, khuyӃQNKtFKKD\FKr bai, chӃ

nhҥRêWѭӣQJÿy

³1ăQJOӵFViQJWҥR«GӵDWUrQWә hӧp phҭm chҩWÿӝFÿiRFӫDFiQKkQÿy´Yұy

tә hӧSÿyӣ ÿk\OjJu"ĈyFKtQKOjQKӳQJÿһFÿLӇm vӅ WkP- VLQKOtWKӇ lӵFWUtWXӋ«

Trang 21

cӫa chӫ thӇQKѭQJNK{QJSKҧLOjWRjQEӝ nhӳng yӃu tӕ WkP- sinh ltPjFKӍ FyQKӳng

yӃu tӕ QjRJySSKҫQKD\WKDPJLD ÿiQJNӇ YjRYLӋFKuQKWKjQKQrQVҧn phҭPViQJ

tҥR;pWYӅ tәng thӇFyWKӇ kӇ ÿӃQEDWKjQKSKҫQFѫEҧQWURQJQăQJOӵFViQJWҥRÿyOj

WѭGX\ViQJWҥRÿӝQJFѫViQJWҥRYjêFKt [4]

1ăQJOӵFÿӝc lұSViQg tҥo trong viӋc xӱ OtFiFYҩQÿӅ thӵc tiӉn MӭFÿӝ thӇ hiӋn

cӫDQăQJOӵFQj\Oj&Kӫ ÿӝQJViQJWҥo lӵa chӑQSKѭѫQJSKiSFiFKWKӭc giҧi quyӃt

vҩQÿӅ&yQăQJOӵc hiӇu biӃWYjWKDPJLDWKҧo luұn vӅ FiFYҩQÿӅ hiӋQWѭӧng vұWOtOLrQ

TXDQÿӃn cuӝc sӕng thӵc tiӉQYjEѭӟFÿҫu biӃWWKDPJLDQJKLrQFӭu khoa hӑFÿӇ giҧi

quyӃWFiFYҩQÿӅ ÿy

&y QKLӅX SKѭѫQJ SKiS Fy WKӇ iS GөQJ ÿӇ SKiW WULӇQ QăQJ Oӵc vұn dөng kiӃn

thӭc vұWOtYjRWKӵc tiӉQFKR+6WURQJEjLEiRQj\FK~QJW{LQJKLrQFӭX[k\GӵQJYj

sӱ dөng BTTT trong dҥy hӑc vұWOt7+37ÿӇ SKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫa HS [2]

KiӃn thӭc vұt Ot dҥ\WURQJWUѭӡng phә WK{QJ OjQKӳng kiӃn thӭF ÿmÿѭӧF ORjL

QJѭӡi khҷQJÿӏnh, tuy vұ\FK~QJOX{QOX{QOjPӟi mҿ ÿӕi vӟi HS ViӋFQJKLrQFӭu

kiӃn thӭc mӟi sӁ WKѭӡQJ[X\rQWҥo ra nhӳQJWuQKKXӕng phҧLÿѭDUDQKӳQJViQJNLӃn

mӟi, giҧLSKiSPӟLÿӕi vӟLFKtQKEҧQWKkQKӑ'RÿyFyWKӇ QyLTXiWUuQKKӑc tұp cӫa

+6FyEҧn chҩWOjKRҥWÿӝQJViQJWҥo

1JRjLWtQKFiFKWkQFӫa sҧn phҭPÿһFÿLӇPWkPOt quan trӑng cӫDViQJWҥROj

WtQKKiӃPFyWtQKNKyNKăQWtQKEҩt ngӡ cӫDSKiWNLӃQYjWtQKQJүXQKLrQFӫa phӓng

ÿRiQ1KӳQJÿһFÿLӇPÿyOjPSKkQELӋt hoҥWÿӝQJViQJWҥo vӟi hoҥWÿӝQJWiLWҥo

1ăQJOӵFViQJWҥo gҳn liӅn vӟi kӻ QăQJ Nӻ xҧRYjYӕn hiӇu biӃt cӫa chӫ thӇ

Trong bҩt cӭ OƭQKYӵc hoҥWÿӝQJQjRFjQJFyQKLӅu tri thӭFFjQJFyQKLӅu kӻ QăQJNӻ

xҧRWKuFjQJ QKҥ\ EpQKѫQWURQJ Gӵ ÿRiQFjQJ ÿӅ UD ÿѭӧc nhiӅX SKѭѫQJiQÿӇ lӵa

chӑQFjQJWҥRÿLӅu kiӋn cho trӵFJLiFSKiWWULӇn Bӣi vұ\NK{QJWKӇ UqQOX\ӋQQăQJOӵc

ViQJWҥRWiFKUӡLÿӝc lұp vӟi hӑc tұp kiӃn thӭFUqQOX\Ӌn kӻ QăQJYӅ mӝWOƭQKYӵFQjR

ÿy>10]

Sӵ SKkQ WtFK QăQJ OӵFViQJWҥRFKRSKpSWDWuPUDFRQÿѭӡQJ[k\GӵQJYjWә

chӭc hoҥWÿӝng hӑc cӫa HS nhҵPSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo Trong luұQYăQQj\ÿy

OjFѫVӣ ÿӇ [k\Gӵng YjYұn dөng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp thӵc tiӉn VұWOtYjRWURQJGҥy hӑc

nhҵPSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo

1.1.3 &iFEL ͋ u hi͏ n cͯDQăQJO ͹FViQJW ̩o

1JѭӡLFyQăQJOӵFViQJWҥRWKѭӡQJFyyFWѭGX\ÿӝc lұSYjyFSKrSKiQOX{Q

VD\VѭDQXQJQҩXFiFêWѭӣng mӟi; lX{QÿLYjRFiFYҩQÿӅ FѫEҧn nhҩWÿӇ WuPUDTX\

luұWFyNKҧ QăQJGӵ EiROX{QWuPUDQKLӅu giҧLSKiSÿӇ ӭng xӱÿӇ giҧi quyӃWÿӝFÿiR

tӕLѭXPӝt vҩQÿӅ thӵc tӃ

BiӇu hiӋQ QăQJ Oӵc giҧi quyӃt vҩQ ÿӅ Yj ViQJ Wҥo cӫa hӑc sinh theo Dӵ thҧo

Trang 22

&KѭѫQJWUuQKJLiRdөc tәng thӇ cӫa Bӝ JLiRGөFYjÿjRWҥRQJj\>5]

1ăQJO ӵc Cҩ p tiӇ u hӑ c Cҩ p

trung hӑ FFѫV ӣ

Cҩ p trung hӑ c phә WK{QJ 3.1 Nhұ QUDê

;iF ÿӏQK Yj OjP U}

WK{QJWLQêWѭӣng mӟi Yj SKӭc tҥp tӯ FiF

nguӗQ WK{QJ WLQ NKiFQKDX SKkQ WtFK FiFnguӗQ WK{QJ WLQ ÿӝc

lұS ÿӇ thҩ\ ÿѭӧc NKX\QK KѭӟQJ Yj ÿӝ tin cұy cӫD ê Wѭӣng

3KkQ WtFK ÿѭӧF WuQK

huӕng trong hӑc tұp, trong cuӝc sӕQJ SKiW

hiӋQYjQrXÿѭӧFWuQK

huӕQJFyYҩQÿӅ trong

Wѭӣng mӟL ÿӕi vӟi

bҧQWKkQYjGӵ ÿRin

ÿѭӧc kӃt quҧ khi thӵc hiӋn

3KiW KLӋn yӃu tӕ

mӟL WtFK Fӵc trong nhӳQJ ê NLӃn cӫa QJѭӡL NKiF KuQK

WKjQK ê Wѭӣng dӵa WUrQ FiFӗn QJXWK{QJWLQÿmFKRÿӅ xuҩt giҧL SKiS Fҧi

tiӃn hay thay thӃFiFJLҧLSKiSNK{QJ

FzQ SK Kӧp; so ViQK Yj EuQK OXұn

ÿѭӧc vӅ Fic giҧi SKiSÿӅ xuҩt

1rX ÿѭӧc nhiӅX ê

Wѭӣng mӟi trong hӑc

tұSYj FXӝc sӕng; suy QJKƭ NK{QJ WKHR Oӕi PzQ Wҥo ra yӃu tӕ

mӟi dӵDWUrQQKӳQJê

WѭӣQJNKiFQKDXKuQKWKjQKYjNӃt nӕLFiFê

WѭӣQJ QJKLrQ FӭX ÿӇ WKD\ ÿәi giҧL SKiS

WUѭӟc sӵ WKD\ ÿәi cӫa

bӕi cҧnhÿiQKJLiUӫi GRYjFyGӵ SKzQJ

Trang 23

1ăQJO ӵc Cҩ p tiӇ u hӑ c Cҩ p

trung hӑ FFѫV ӣ

Cҩ p trung hӑ c phә WK{QJ

 Ĉ Ӆ xuҩ t,

lӵa chӑ n giҧ i

SKiS

1rX ÿѭӧF FiFK WKӭc giҧi quyӃt vҩQ ÿӅ

Thu thұS Yj OjP U}

FiF WK{QJ WLQ Fy OLrQTXDQ ÿӃn vҩQ ÿӅ ÿӅ

xuҩW Yj SKkQ WtFK

ÿѭӧc mӝt sӕ giҧLSKiS

giҧi quyӃt vҩQÿӅ; lӵa chӑQ ÿѭӧc giҧL SKiS

Thӵc hiӋn giҧi SKiS

giҧi quyӃt vҩQÿӅ Yj

nhұn ra sӵ SK Kӧp KD\ NK{QJ SK Kӧp

cӫa giҧL SKiS WKӵc hiӋn

Thӵc hiӋQYjÿiQKJLi

giҧL SKiS JLҧi quyӃt

vҩQ ÿӅ; suy ngүm vӅFiFKWKӭFYjWLӃQWUuQK

WUѭӟF FiF WK{QJ WLQ

NKiFQKDXYӅ sӵ vұt, hiӋQWѭӧng; sҹQVjQJ

WKD\ÿәi khi nhұn ra VDLVyW

ĈһW FiF FkX Kӓi NKiF QKDX YӅ mӝt

sӵ vұt, hiӋQ Wѭӧng;

FK~ ê OҳQJ QJKH Yj

tiӃp nhұQ WK{QJ tin, ê Wѭӣng vӟi sӵ FkQ

NKiFQKDX

ĈһW ÿѭӧc nhiӅX FkX

hӓL Fy JLi WUӏ NK{QJ

dӉ GjQJ FKҩp nhұn WK{QJ WLQ Pӝt chiӅu;

NK{QJWKjQK NLӃn khi [HP[pWÿiQKJLiYҩn

Trang 24

Ĉӕi vӟi viӋc dҥy hӑc vұt Ot lӟSQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo cӫD+6WKѭӡng biӇu hiӋn:

&yVX\QJKƭÿӝc lұSQrXUDÿѭӧFêNLӃn rLrQJNK{QJSKө thuӝFYjRêNLӃn

3KiWKLӋQÿѭӧc vҩQÿӅ mӟLQrXÿѭӧc dӵ ÿRiQYjELӃWQrXGӵ ÿRiQFyFăQFӭ

&yViQJNLӃQÿӅ UDÿѭӧFFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSJLҧLEjLWұp vұWOtWURQJWKӵc tiӉn

Yjÿӡi sӕng hҵQJQJj\

Vұn dөQJÿѭӧc kiӃn thӭFYjRWKӵc tӃ, trong nhӳQJWuQKKXӕng mӟi theo kiӇu

ULrQJ

1.1.4 3KiWWUL ͋ QQăQJO ͹FViQJW ̩o cͯa HS trong d̩y h͕c v̵t lt

&yUҩt nhiӅXSKѭѫQJ SKiS ÿӇ ÿӇ WuP UD FRQ ÿѭӡQJ[k\ GӵQJYjWә chӭc hoҥt

ÿӝng hӑc cӫa HS nhҵPSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo

Tә chӭc hoҥWÿӝQJViQJWҥo gҳn liӅn vӟLTXiWUuQK[k\Gӵng kiӃn thӭc mӟi: kiӃn

thӭc vұt Ot WURQJWUѭӡng phә WK{QJOjQKӳng kiӃn thӭFÿmÿѭӧFORjLQJѭӡi khҷQJÿӏnh

Tuy vұ\FK~QJOX{QOjPӟi mҿ ÿӕi vӟi HS ViӋFQJKLrQFӭu kiӃn thӭc mӟLÿһt vҩQÿӅ

bҵQJEjLWұp VұWOtWKӵc tiӉn sӁ WKѭӡQJ[X\rQWҥo ra nhӳQJWuQKKXӕQJÿzLKӓi HS phҧi

ÿѭDUDQKӳQJêNLӃn mӟi, giҧLSKiSPӟLÿӕi vӟLFKtQKEҧQWKkQKӑ

Tә chӭFTXiWUuQKGҥy hӑc vұt Ot theo tiӃQWUuQKGҥy hӑc giҧi quyӃt vҩQÿӅ OjPӝt

trong nhӳng biӋQSKiSJySSKҫQSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥo

%jLWұSViQJWҥR7URQJTXi WUuQK [k\Gӵng kiӃn thӵc mӟLWDÿm [pWYLӋF UqQ

luyӋQQăQJOӵFViQJWҥRFKR+61JRjLUDWURQJGҥy hӑc vұt OtQJѭӡLWDFzQ[k\Gӵng

nhӳng loҥLEjLWұSULrQJQKҵm mөFÿtFKQj\Yjÿѭӧc gӑLOjEjLWұSViQJWҥo Trong loҥi

EjLWұSQj\QJRjLYLӋc phҧi vұn dөng mӝt sӕ kiӃn thӭFÿmKӑc, HS bҳt buӝc phҧLFy

nhӳQJêNLӃQÿӝc lұp mӟi mҿNK{QJWKӇ suy ra tӯ nhӳng kiӃn thӭFÿmKӑc

Khi giҧi BTST, HS sӁ ÿӭQJWUѭӟc vҩQÿӅ mӟLYjFiFHPVӁ phҧi giҧi quyӃWÿӇ

thu nhұn, vұn dөng kiӃn thӭc mӟL'RÿyKӑ giӕQJQKѭQKjNKRDKӑc phiWPLQKViQJ

chӃ ra mӝt kiӃn thӭc hay mӝt sҧn phҭm mӟLFytFKFKRQKkQORҥL7ѭGX\Fӫa HS khi

giҧL%767FǊQJWUҧLTXDFiFJLDLÿRҥn Vұ\QrQEӗLGѭӥQJQăQJOӵc TDST cho hӑc

VLQKOjEӗLGѭӥQJQăQJOӵc:

3KiWKLӋQÿѭӧc vҩQÿӅ mӟLYjQrXÿѭӧc dӵ ÿRiQFyFăQ cӭ 1KuQQKұn vҩQÿӅ

Gѭӟi nhiӅX JyF ÿӝ NKiF QKDX SKiW KLӋQ ÿѭӧc vҩQ ÿӅ Pj Fi QKkQ Fy QKX Fҫu giҧi

quyӃt)

Trang 25

ĈӅ xuҩWÿѭӧc giҧLSKiSJLҧi quyӃt vҩQÿӅ ÿӅ xuҩWÿѭӧFSKѭѫQJiQWKtQJKLӋm

ÿӇ kiӇm tra dӵ ÿRiQKRһFQrXÿѭӧc mӝt hoһc mӝt sӕ SKѭѫQJiQJLҧLEjLWұp)

3KkQWtFKÿiQKJLiѭXQKѭӧFÿLӇm cӫDFiFJLҧLSKiSQKҵm lӵa chӑQÿѭӧc giҧi

SKiSWӕLѭXÿӇ giҧLEjLWұp hoһc giҧi quyӃt vҩQÿӅ ÿһWUDWURQJEjLWRiQ

Thӵc hiӋQWKjQKF{QJWKHRSKѭѫQJiQKRһc giҧLSKiSÿmOӵa chӑn hoһFFyFҧi

.K{QJ

Fy

1 Tӵ WuP UD YҩQ ÿӅ mӟL WuQK KXӕng mӟi

trong thӵc tiӉQ Yj ÿӅ xuҩW SKѭѫQJ iQ

giҧi quyӃWÿ~QJPDQJOҥi hiӋu quҧ WѭѫQJ

ӭng vӟi biӇu hiӋQViQJWҥo

2 ThiӃt kӃ ÿѭӧF Vѫ ÿӗ, bҧn vӁ thӇ hiӋn

QJX\rQ Ot Fҩu tҥR Yj KRҥW ÿӝng, vұn

KjQK Fӫa hӋ thӕQJ Nƭ WKXұW Yj FKӍ ra

ÿѭӧFWtQKPӟLWtQKKӋ quҧ cӫDQyVRYӟi

nhӳQJ FiL ÿm ELӃW WѭѫQJӭng vӟi biӇu

hiӋQViQJWҥo

3

7uPUDJLҧL SKiS NKҧRViWÿRÿҥc mӟi,

ÿҧm bҧR WtQK KLӋu quҧ QKѭQJ GӉ thӵc

hiӋQÿҧm bҧRWtQKFKtQK[iFWѭѫQJӭng

vӟi biӇu hiӋQViQg tҥo

4 7uPUDFiFWKLӃt bӏ vұt liӋu mӟi thay thӃ

cho thiӃt bӏ, vұt liӋXFǊQKѭQJYүQÿҧm

bҧRWtQKKLӋu quҧ FDRYjWLӃt kiӋPWѭѫQJ

5 ĈӅ xuҩt giҧL SKiS WKLӃt kӃ mӟi cho hӋ

thӕQJNƭWKXұWÿmFyWKD\ÿәi mӝt sӕ chi

tiӃt thiӃt kӃ nhҵPWăQJKLӋu quҧ cho hӋ

thӕQJ Nƭ WKXұW WѭѫQJӭng vӟi biӇu hiӋn

ViQJWҥo

Trang 26

Fy

6 TiӃQKjQKWKӵc hiӋn giҧLSKiSWKLF{QJ

chӃ tҥR«KӋ thӕQJNƭWKXұt nhҵm mang

lҥi lӧL tFK Yj Fy ê QJKƭD [m KӝL WѭѫQJ

7 Vұn dөng kiӃn thӭFÿmKӑFÿӇ giҧi quyӃt

FiF YҩQ ÿӅ mӟL WuQK KXӕng mӟi trong

thӵc tiӉQ OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃQ QJjQK Nƭ WKXұt

WѭѫQJӭng vӟi biӇu hiӋQViQJWҥo

8 KӃt hӧS FiF WKDR WiF Wѭ GX\ VR ViQK

SKkQ WtFK ÿiQK JLi Yj FiF SKѭѫQJ

SKiS SKiQ ÿRiQ P{ KuQK JLҧ thuyӃt tӯ

ÿyÿѭDUDNӃt luұQFKtQK[iFFKRYҩQÿӅ;

WѭѫQJӭng vӟi biӇu hiӋQViQJWҥo

9 LұS ÿѭӧc nhiӅX SKѭѫQJ iQ JLҧi quyӃt

vҩQÿӅ thӵc tiӉQYjPDQJOҥi kӃt quҧ tӕi

ѭXWѭѫQJӭng vӟi biӇu hiӋQViQJWҥo

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tri thӭc mӟLÿӕi vӟi bҧQWKkQKӑ [11]

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Trang 27

NKX\QK KѭӟQJ Yj ÿӝ tin cұy cӫD ê

Wѭӣng mӟi

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vӟi biӇu hiӋQViQJWҥo

Giҧi quyӃt

vҩQÿӅ

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Trang 28

Trong thӵc tӃ dҥy hӑFEjLWұp vұWOtÿѭӧc hiӇXOjPӝt sӕ vҩQÿӅ ÿѭӧFÿһWUDPj

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tri͋ QQăQJO ͹FViQJW ̩o (NLST)

1.2.2.1 %jLW ̵p v̵WOtWK ͹c ti͍ n

BTVL gҳn vӟi thӵc tiӉn (BTVL thӵc tiӉQ ... bӗLGѭӥQJQăQJOӵc ViQJWҥo cho hӑc sinh ӣ FiFWUѭӡng trung hӑc phә WK{QJKLӋn 30

1.5.2 Thӵc trҥng vӅ vҩQÿӅ sӱ dөQJEjLWұp vұWOtÿӇ bӗLGѭӥQJQăQJOӵFViQJ tҥo cho hӑc sinh ӣ FiFWUѭӡng THPT... thӕQJ%79/77SKiWKX\ QăQJOӵFViQJWҥo 105

3.3.6 KӃt luұn vӅ thӵc nghiӋm 116

KӂT LUҰN 119

7¬, LIӊU THAM KHҦO 121

PHӨ LӨC ... thӭFPjSKҧLFK~WUӑQJÿӃn

QăQJOӵc hoҥWÿӝng cӫa hӑc sinh (HS)

Trong vұt Ot hӑFTXiWUuQKWѭGX\ViQJWҥo cӫa hӑc sinh vӅ bҧn chҩWFǊQJWѭѫQJ

tӵ QKѭTXiWUuQKWѭGX\FӫDQKjYұWOtKӑc,

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