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5 ĈӕLWѭӧQJYjSKҥPYLQJKLrQFӭu

6 Giҧ thuyӃt khoa hӑc

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thӭF FK~QJ ÿѭӧc sӱ dөng trong lӟp hӑc chӭ NK{QJGӵDWUrQQJX\rQOt KRҥt

ÿӝng cӫDFK~QJ ( Means et al, 1993 )

Ӣ ViӋt Nam, NKiL QLӋP &{QJ QJKӋ WK{QJ WLQ ÿѭӧc hiӇX Yj ÿӏQK QJKƭD

trong nghӏ quyӃW &KtQK SKӫ &3 Nt QJj\  YӅ SKiW WULӇQ &{QJ

nghӋ WK{QJ WLQ FӫD&KtQKSKӫ ViӋW1DPQKѭVDX³&{QJQJK ͏ WK{QJWLQOj

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1.1.1.2 M͡ t s͙ ph̯ n m͉ m ÿ˱ ͫc ͱng dͭQJYjRG ̩y h͕c

a Ph̯ n m͉ m PowerPoint: PowerPoint Oj PӝW SKѭѫQJ WLӋQ WUuQK GLӉn sinh

ÿӝQJEjLJLҧQJWK{QJTXDPjXVҳc cӫDYăQEҧn, sӵ SKRQJSK~FӫDKuQKҧnh,

FiFGҥQJÿӗ thӏ YjQKӳQJÿRҥQkPWKDQKYLGHRPLQKKӑD«

b Ph̯ n m͉ m VioletOjSKҫn mӅPF{QJFө JL~SJLiRYLrQFyWKӇ tӵ [k\Gӵng

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FiFHPKӑFVLQKFyWKӇ hӑc tұp trӵc tuyӃn qua mҥng

c Ph̯ n m͉ m Lecture Maker 2.0OjSKҫn mӅm tҥREjLJLҧQJÿLӋn tӱ trӵc quan,

WKkQWKLӋQYjGӉ GQJ3Kҫn mӅPFyFiFFKӭFQăQJWѭѫQJWӵ QKѭSKҫn mӅm

3')3RZHU3RLQW:HEVLWH«[Xҩt ra nhiӅXÿӏnh dҥng EXE, SCORM, Web,

tҥo trҳc nghiӋm

d Ph̯ n m͉ m Adobe PhotRVKRSWK˱ ͥQJÿ˱ ͫc g͕LOj3KRWRVKRS OjPӝt phҫn

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7KHRWjLOLӋX³1Kӳng vҩQÿӅ chung vӅ ÿәi mӟLJLiRGөc THCS- P{Q7LQ

hӑF´GR9ө *LiRGөc Trung hӑc ± Bӝ *LiRGөFYjĈjRWҥRSKiWKjQKQăP

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WKuQKӳQJѭXÿLӇm, thӃ mҥnh cӫDF{QJQJKӋ WK{QJWLQVӁ SKiWKX\Wrong viӋc

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hoҥch hoҥWÿӝng dҥy hӑc cӫDJLiRYLrQWUrQJLӡ OrQOӟSWRjQEӝ hoҥWÿӝng dҥy

hӑF ÿy ÿm ÿѭӧc sӕ KyD Yj PLQK Kӑa bҵQJ FiF Gӳ liӋX ÿD SKѭѫQJ WLӋn

(multimedia) mӝWFiFKWUӵFTXDQFyFҩXWU~FFKһt chӁ YjORJLFÿѭӧFTX\ÿӏnh

bӣi cҩXWU~FFӫDEjLKӑc

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thiӃt kӃ ÿӇ QJѭӡi hӑFFyWKӇ giao tiӃp trӵc tiӃp vӟi thiӃt bӏ (ӣ ÿk\OjPi\WtQK 

YjKRҥWÿӝng dӵDWUrQQKӳQJJuÿmÿѭӧFQJѭӡi dҥy lұSWUuQKWUѭӟFYjQJѭӡi

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1.1.2.2 M͡ t s͙ O˱XêNKLWKL ͇ t k͇ JLiRiQÿL ͏ n t͵

a M͡ W˱XÿL ͋ PYjQK˱ ͫFÿL ͋ m khi s͵ dͭ QJJLiRiQÿL ͏ n t͵

a.1 ѬXÿLӇm

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ÿӃn tӯng hӑc sinh

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cho bӝ P{Q

&iFKLӋu ӭQJPjXVҳc, kiӇu chӳ«Uҩt tiӋn lӧi viӋc xӱ OtPӝWEjLJLҧng

linh hoҥt, hҩp dүQYj chҩWOѭӧng

Khҧ QăQJ Vӱ dөng hiӋu quҧ FiF KuQKҧQK SKLP FiF Wѭ OLӋu dҥy hӑc

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TiӃt kiӋm nhiӅu thӡi gian viӃt, vӁ WUrQOӟp

Thuұn lӧi cho viӋc sӱ dөQJFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSGҥy hӑFWtFKFӵc

a.2 1KѭӧFÿLӇm

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b.2 Lӵa chӑn nhӳng kiӃn thӭFFѫ bҧn, trӑQJWkPFyWtQKNKiLTXiWYjFKҳt

lӑFFDRÿӇ sҳp xӃSFK~QJYjRFiFVOLGH

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thө

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EiRWjLOLӋu tham khҧRFyOLrQTXDQÿLӅu quan trӑQJYjFҫn thiӃWOjSKҧL[k\

dӵng kho WѭOLӋu Mӝt sӕ nguӗQÿӇ JLiRYLrQFyWKӇ [k\GӵQJNKRWѭOLӋXFiF

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b.4 ;k\Gӵng kӏch bҧQFKREjLJLҧng cӫDJLiRiQÿLӋn tӱ

Ĉk\OjNKkXTXDQWUӑng trong viӋc thiӃt kӃ EjLJLҧng Kӏch bҧQ[k\Gӵng

phҧi bҧR ÿҧP FiF QJX\rQ WҳF Vѭ SKҥm, nӝi dung kiӃn thӭF Fѫ Eҧn cӫD EjL

giҧQJÿiSӭng mөFÿtFK\rXFҫXÿmÿһt ra

b.5 Lӵa chӑQQJ{QQJӳFiFSKҫn mӅPWUuQKGLӉQÿӇ [k\GӵQJJLiRiQÿLӋn

tӱ

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JLiR iQÿLӋn tӱ 1rQ Vӱ dөng mӝt dҥng font chӳ NKXQJ Yj PjX QӅn thӕng

nhҩt cho slide

b.6 Thӵc hiӋQOLrQNӃt giӳDFiFVOLGHPӝWFiFKKӧSOtORJLF

Ĉk\FKtQKOjF{QJYLӋc quan trӑng tҥRUDFiFѭXÿLӇm cӫDJLiRiQÿLӋn tӱ

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giҧQJÿѭӧc tә chӭc mӝWFiFKlinh hoҥWJL~SKӑc sinh nҳm bҳWÿѭӧc kiӃn thӭc

EjLKӑc

1.1.3 M͙ i quan h͏ giͷa Ͱng dͭQJ&{QJQJK ͏ WK{QJWLQYjYL ͏c nh̵n thͱc

cͯa h͕ c sinh lͣ p 2

Ӭng dөQJF{QJQJKӋ WK{QJWLQWURQJGҥy hӑFÿmJySSKҫQWtFKFӵFYjR

viӋc dҥy hӑFWKHRKѭӟQJÿәi mӟL&iFJLiRiQÿLӋn tӱ OjQKӳQJSKѭѫQJWLӋn

trӵc quan hӛ trӧ hiӋu quҧ WURQJFiFJLӡ hӑF&iFSKѭѫQJWLӋQF{QJQJKӋ WK{QJ

WLQÿѭӧc sӱ dөng trong dҥy hӑFJL~SKӑFVLQKSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵc nhұn thӭc,

ÿһc biӋWOjNKҧ QăQJTXDQViWWѭGX\FK~êWURQJKӑc tұSÿӗng thӡi gi~SKӑc

VLQKKuQKWKjQKFҧPJLiFWKҭm mӻÿѭӧc hҩp dүn bӣLFiLÿҽSFiLÿѫQJLҧn,

WtQKFKtQK[iFFӫDWK{QJWLQFKӭDWURQJSKѭѫQJWLӋn

3KѭѫQJWLӋn dҥy hӑFFyWiFGөng tӕt vӟi viӋFSKiWKX\WtQKWtFKFӵFYj

WѭѫQJWiFFӫa hӑc sinh bӣLYuNKiFYӟi lӡLQyLWK{QJWLQÿӃn vӟi hӑc sinh

chұm, chӫ yӃXWKHRFRQÿѭӡQJWKtQKJLiFPӝWFiFKWӯ tӯ WKHRWUuQKWӵ Yjê

QJKƭDFӫa cӫa tӯng tӯFkXQyL PӛLSKѭѫQJWLӋn dҥy hӑFWKѭӡQJKX\ÿӝng

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ÿѭӧc

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KӇ Oj PӝW KjQK ÿӝng biӇu thӏ KjQK ÿӝQJ QyL.Ӈ chuyӋQ Oj QyL U} ÿҫu ÿX{L9ăQ7kQFKӫ ELrQ7ӯ ÿLӇn TiӃng ViӋW 9tGө: kӇ chuyӋn cә WtFKNӇ

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7iFJLҧ NguyӉQ7UtFKRUҵng: KӇ OjPӝWSKѭѫQJWKӭc tӵ sӵ, mӝWSKѭѫQJthӭc biӇX ÿҥW ÿӇ kӇ FiF FKX\ӋQ FzQ WiF JLҧ Chu Huy cho rҵQJ ³NӇ

chuyӋQ´EDRKjPEӕn phҥPWUQJӳ QJKƭDVDX

a) ChӍ loҥLKuQKWӵ sӵ WURQJYăQKӑFSKkQELӋt vӟi loҥLKuQKWUӳ WuQK

loҥLKuQKNӏFK BFzQJӑLOjWUX\Ӌn hoһc tiӇu thuyӃt

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vӟLQJ{QQJӳWkPWUҥQJWtQKFiFKULrQJ

b) ChӍ WrQPӝWSKѭѫQJSKiSQyLWUong diӉn giҧng

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cҫQ WKD\ ÿәL KuQK WKӭc diӉn giҧng nhҵP WKX K~W Vӵ FK~ ê FӫD QJѭӡi nghe,

QJѭӡL WD FNJQJ [HQ NӁ SKѭѫQJ SKiS NӇ chuyӋn VӟL FiF P{Q NKRD Kӑc tӵ QKLrQNӇ chuyӋQWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFGQJWURQJSKҫn kӇ vӅ tiӇu sӱ WiFJLҧPLrXWҧ

c) ChӍ WrQPӝt loҥLYăQWKXұt chuyӋQWURQJP{Q7ұSOjPYăQ

9ăQNӇ FKX\rQOjPӝt loҥLKuQKYăQKӑFPjKӑc sinh phҧLÿѭӧc diӉQÿҥt

bҵng miӋng hoһc bҵng viӃW WKjQK EjL WKHo nhӳQJ QJX\rQ Wҳc nhҩW ÿӏQK 9u

WtQKFKҩt phә biӃQYjӭng dөng rӝQJUmLFӫa loҥLYăQQj\QrQQyWUӣ WKjQKORҥi KuQK FҫQÿѭӧF UqQ Nƭ QăQJ Nƭ [ҧR ErQ FҥQK FiF ORҥLYăQ PLrX Wҧ YăQ QJKӏluұn

d) ChӍ WrQPӝWSKkQP{Qÿѭӧc hӑc ӣ TiӇu hӑc

KӇ chuyӋQOjmӝWP{QKӑc cӫDFiFOӟp TiӇu hӑc KӇ chuyӋn bao gӗm

viӋc kӇ nhiӅu loҥi truyӋQNKiFQKDXNӇ cҧ truyӋn cә YjWUX\Ӌn hiӋQÿҥi, nhҵm

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Thuұt ngӳ ³NӇ chuyӋQ´ÿѭӧFGQJYӟLêQJKƭDNӇ mӝt ckXFKX\Ӌn bҵng lӡi,

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FyP ͧ ÿ̯u, di͍ n bi͇ QYjN ͇ WWK~F

1.2.2.9DLWUzF ͯa k͋ chuy͏ n

1.2.2.1.9DLWUzF ͯa k͋ chuy͏ Qÿ ͙i vͣi FRQQJ˱ ͥLQyLFKXQJ

Nhu cҫu hiӇu biӃWNKiPSKiWKӃ giӟi cӫDFRQQJѭӡLOjUҩt lӟQ&RQQJѭӡi

NK{QJFKӍ muӕn biӃt nhӳQJJu[ҧ\UDPjFzQPXӕn hiӇu biӃt vӅ nhӳQJJuÿm

KӇ chuyӋQOjPӝWKuQKWKӭFWK{QJWLQQKDQKJӑn, truyӅn cҧm bҵQJQJ{n

ngӳ.KLQJ{QQJӳ QJj\FjQJSKiWWULӇQÿӡi sӕng vұt chҩWYjWLQKWKҫQQJj\

mӝWSKRQJSK~WKuNӇ chuyӋQNK{QJFKӍ dӯng lҥi ӣ mӭFÿӝ WK{QJWLQQӳDPj

PDQJWKrP chӭFQăQJJLҧLWUtKD\FDRKѫQOjFKӭFQăQJQJKӋ thuұt Nhӡ vұy

PjNKRWjQJWUX\Ӌn cә Gkn gian ÿӗ sӝ cӫDORjLQJѭӡLÿѭӧc truyӅn lҥLFKRÿӃn

miӋng PjNK{QJPӝWSKѭѫQJWLӋQQjRFyWKӇ OjPÿѭӧc

( Xem Chu Huy, Dҥy kӇ chuyӋn ӣ WUѭӡng TiӇu hӑc, Nxb GD, 2000 )

1.2.2.2.9DLWUzF ͯa k͋ chuy͏ Qÿ ͙i vͣi h͕FVLQKQyLULrQJ

TruyӋn kӇ WiFÿӝQJOrQVӵ nhұn thӭFWKiLÿӝ YjWuQKFҧm cӫa hӑc sinh

Sӵ WiFÿӝQJQj\KҫXQKѭDLFNJQJFyWKӇ phӫ nhұQÿѭӧc Bӣi mӝt trong nhӳng

WUtWXӋ PjFzQEҵQJWUiLWLP9jWUҿ HPNK{QJSKҧi chӍ FyQKұn thӭFPjFzQ

ÿiSOҥi sӵ kiӋQYjKLӋQWѭӧng cӫa thӃ giӟi xung quanh, tӓ WKiLÿӝ cӫDPuQKYӟi

FiFÿLӅu thiӋQYjiF7UX\Ӌn cә WtFKFXQJFҩp cho trҿ nhӳng biӇXWѭӧQJÿҫu

tLrQ YӅ FKtQK QJKƭD Yj SKL QJKƭD *LDL ÿRҥQ ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD JLiR GөF Ot Wѭӣng

FNJQJGLӉn ra nhӡ FyWUX\Ӌn cә WtFK7UX\Ӌn cә WtFKljQJӑn nguӗQSKRQJSK~

YjNK{QJJuWKD\WKӃ ÿѭӧFÿӇ JLiRGөFWuQK\rX7ә quӕF´&KtQKYuQKӳQJWiF

ÿӝQJOrQPһt nhұn thӭFYjWѭWѭӣQJQrQWUX\Ӌn kӇ FyPӝWYDLWUzKӃt sӭc quan

trӑQJÿӕi vӟi trҿ em

1.2.3 Ĉ̿ FÿL ͋ m cͯa ho̩ Wÿ ͡ng k͋ chuy͏ n ͧ Ti͋ u h͕ c

1.2.3.1 K͋ chuy͏ QOjP ͡t ho̩Wÿ ͡ng lͥLQyLP ͡t d̩ng h͡i tho̩Lÿ ̿c bi͏ t

HoҥWÿӝng chӫ yӃu cӫa kӇ chuyӋQOjKRҥWÿӝQJQJ{QQJӳ QyLĈyOj hoҥt

ÿӝng cӫa lӡLQyLVLQKÿӝng kӃt hӧp vӟi viӋc sӱ dөQJFiF\Ӄu tӕ SKLQJ{QQJӳ

KӇ chuyӋQOjPӝt dҥQJÿӝc thoҥLÿһc biӋWQrQQyPDQJÿҫ\ÿӫ FiFÿһc

ÿLӇm cӫa lӡLQyLÿӝc thoҥLĈyOjQӝLGXQJFkXFKX\Ӌn, nghӋ thuұt kӇ YjYLӋc

sӱ dөQJFiF\Ӄu tӕ SKLQJ{Q ngӳ

+ NӝLGXQJFkXFKX\Ӌn phҧLSKKӧp vӟLWkPOtKӭQJWK~Fӫa lӭa tuәi

+ NghӋ thuұt kӇ phҧi sӱ dөQJWRjQEӝ NKRWjQJVҳFWKiLkPWKDQKQKѭ

sҳFWKiLJLӑQJNƭWKXұt ngҳt giӑng (ngҳt giӑQJO{JtFYjQJҳt giӑQJWkPOt 

nhӏSÿLӋXYjFѭӡQJÿӝ giӑng

+ &iF\Ӄu tӕ SKLQJ{QQJӳ QKѭWѭWKӃQpWPһt, cӱ chӍ YjÿLӋu bӝ«

1.2.3.2 K͋ chuy͏ QOjP ͡WKuQKWK ͱc sinh ho̩WYăQKyD

KӇ chuyӋn sӱ dөQJFiFWiFSKҭPYăQKӑc hoһFViQJWҥRUDFiFWiFSKҭm

nghӋ thuұW7iFSKҭPYăQKӑFPDQJWtQKJLiRGөFYjWKҭPPƭUҩt cao 7K{QJ

TXDFiFWiFSKҭm nghӋ thuұt, kӇ chuyӋQÿѭDFRQQJѭӡL[tFKOҥi gҫQQKDXKѫQ

1.2.3.2 K͋ chuy͏ QOjP ͡t ho̩Wÿ ͡QJViQJW ̩o ngh͏ thu̵ t

Khi kӇ chuyӋn vӟLYăQEҧQFyVҹQQJѭӡLWDÿmFKX\ӇQYăQEҧn tӯ QJ{Q

ngӳ viӃWVDQJQJ{QQJӳ QyL

KӇ chuyӋn chӭng kiӃn, WKDP JLD QJѭӡi kӇ ÿm Wӵ ViQJ WҥR UD YăQ Eҧn

nghӋ thuұt

1.2.4 V͓ WUtQKL ͏ m vͭ cͯDSKkQP{Q ͋ chuy͏ nWURQJFK˱˯QJWUuQKK ͕FQyL

1.2.4.1 V͓ WUtF ͯDSKkQP{Q ͋ chuy͏ n

&NJQJQKѭ7ұSOjPYăQ.Ӈ chuyӋQFyYӏ WUtÿһc biӋt trong dҥy hӑc tiӃng

mҽ ÿҿWUѭӟc hӃWYuKjQKÿӝng kӇ OjPӝWKjQKÿӝQJ³QyL´ÿһc biӋt trong hoҥt

ÿӝng giao tiӃp KӇ chuyӋn vұn dөng mӝWFiFKWәng hӧp sӵ hiӇu biӃt vӅ ÿӡi

sӕQJYjWҥRÿLӅu kiӋQÿӇ hӑFVLQKUqQOX\Ӌn mӝWFiFKWәng hӧSFiFNƭQăQJ

TiӃng ViӋWQKѭQJKHÿӑFQyLWURQJKRҥWÿӝng giao tiӃp

Khi nghe thҫ\F{ JLiRNӇ chuyӋn, hӑFVLQKÿmWLӃp nhұQWiFSKҭPYăQ

hӑc ӣ dҥng lӡLQyLFykPWKDQK.KLKӑc sinh kӇ chuyӋQOjFiFHPÿDQJWiL

sҧn sinh hay sҧn sinh mӝWWiFSKҭm nghӋ thuұt ӣ dҥng lӡLQyL

9uWUX\ӋQOjPӝWWiFSKҭPYăQKӑFQrQNӇ chuyӋQFyÿѭӧc cҧ sӭc mҥnh

cӫDYăQKӑc TruyӋQFyNKҧ QăQJEӗLGѭӥQJWkPKӗn trҿ WKѫ6ӵ hiӇu biӃt vӅ

cuӝc sӕng, vӅ FRQ QJѭӡL WkP KӗQ WuQK Fҧm cӫD FiF HP VӁ QJKqR ÿL QӃu

NK{QJFyP{QKӑc KӇ chuyӋQWURQJQKjWUѭӡng

VӟLYDLWUzFӫDKjQKÿӝng kӇ YjVҧn phҭm truyӋQSKkQP{Q.Ӈ chuyӋn

FyYӏ WUtUҩt quan trӑng trong dҥy hӑc TiӃng ViӋt

1.2.4.2 Nhi͏ m vͭ cͯ DSKkQP{Q ͋ chuy͏ n

NhiӋm vө cӫDSKkQP{Q.Ӈ chuyӋn ӣ WUѭӡng TiӇu hӑFOjVӵ SKiWWULӇn

FDRKѫQVRYӟi Mҫm non ThHRÿySKkQP{Q.Ӈ chuyӋn ӣ TiӇu hӑFFyQKLӋm

vө ÿiSӭng nhu cҫXÿѭӧc nghe kӇ chuyӋn ӣ trҿ HPSKiWWULӇQQJ{QQJӳÿһc

biӋWOjNƭQăQJQJKH± QyLÿӗng thӡLSKiWWULӇQWѭGX\YjEӗLGѭӥQJWkPKӗn,

OjPJLjXYӗn sӕQJYjYӕQYăQKӑc cho hӑFWUuQK&ө thӇ QKѭ sau:

- 3KkQP{QNӇ chuyӋQSKiWWULӇQFiFNƭQăQJ7LӃng ViӋt cho hӑc sinh

1.3 Ĉһ FÿL Ӈ PWkPOtF ӫa hӑc sinh tiӇ u hӑ FYjKR ҥWÿ ӝng nhұn thӭc cӫa

hӑ c sinh lӟp 2

1.3.1.Ĉ̿ FÿL ͋ PWkPOtFKXQJF ͯa h͕c sinh lͣp 2

Hӑc sinh TiӇu hӑFWKѭӡQJOjQKӳng trҿ nҵPWURQJÿӝ tuәi tӯ 6-12 tuәi

Ĉk\OjOӭa tuәLÿҫXWLrQÿӃQWUѭӡng ± trӣ WKjQKKӑFVLQKYjFyKRҥWÿӝng chӫ

ÿҥo Trҿ em lӭa tuәi TiӇu hӑc thӵc hiӋQEѭӟc chuyӇn tӯ hoҥWÿӝQJYXLFKѫLOjhoҥWÿӝng chӫ ÿҥo sang hӑc tұSOjKRҥWÿӝng chӫ ÿҥR9uVӵ WKD\ÿәi cӫDP{L

WUѭӡQJYjFiFKRҥWÿӝQJQrQWkPOtFӫa hӑc sinh TiӇu hӑc cyQKLӅXWKD\ÿәi

KѫQOӭa tuәi MүXJLiR

Ӣ lӭa tuәLÿҫu TiӇu hӑc trҿ HPÿDQJGҫQKuQKWKjQKQKLӅXQpWWtQKFiFKĈӗng thӡLWuQKFҧm YjFiFPһt nhұn thӭc cӫa trҿ FNJQJSKiWWULӇQU}UӋt trong

P{LWUѭӡQJQKjWUѭӡng mӟi lҥ Nhұn thӭc cӫa hӑc sinh TiӇu hӑc chӫ yӃXOj

nhұn thӭc cҧPWtQKQKѭWUҿ WKtFKTXDQViWQKӳng sӵ vұt, hiӋQWѭӧQJPjXVҳc

sһc sӥ, hҩp dүn; trҿ WKtFKFK~êWӟi nhӳng sӵ vұt cө thӇÿҽSÿӁ YjWUtQKӟ cӫa

trҿ FNJQJOjORҥLWUtQKӟ trӵFTXDQKuQKWѭӧng ;~FFҧPWuQKFҧPPDQJWtQKFө

thӇ trӵc tiӃSYj OX{QJҳn liӅn vӟLFiFVӵ vұt, hiӋQWѭӧQJVLQKÿӝng, rӵc rӥ«

HӭQJWK~Kӑc tұSFNJQJ[XҩWSKiWWӯ nhӳQJÿӝQJFѫWuQKFҧPWUrQ4XDÿyWD

FyWKӇ thҩ\ÿѭӧFFiFVӵ vұt, hiӋQWѭӧng cө thӇ FyYDLWUzTXDQWUӑQJYjÿһc

biӋt trong sӵ SKiWWULӇQWkPOtFӫa trҿ 7URQJTXiWUuQKJLiRGөFYjGҥy hӑFWKu

WiF ÿӝng cӫD FiF SKѭѫQJ SKiS Vѭ SKҥP WKtFK KӧS Oj \Ӄu tӕ quan trӑQJ ÿӇ

ÿӝQJYLrQNӏp thӡLYjWҥo hӭQJWK~FKRKӑFVLQKÿLYjRKӑc tұp mӝWFiFKWtFK

cӵc, tӵ JLiF ÿӇ Fy tFK FKR Vӵ SKiWWULӇQWUtWXӋÿҥRÿӭFĈӇ thӵc hiӋQÿѭӧc

ÿLӅXÿyJLiRYLrQFҫQFK~WUӑng ÿһc biӋt ÿӃn viӋc sӱ dөQJSKѭѫQJWLӋQYjÿӗ

GQJWUӵc quan trong dҥy hӑFĈyOjFRQÿѭӡng ngҳn nhҩWÿӇ WiF ÿӝQJÿӃn

nhұn thӭFYjWkPOtFӫa hӑc sinh TiӇu hӑc

1.3.2.Ĉ̿ FÿL ͋ m ho̩ Wÿ ͡ng nh̵n thͱc cͯa h͕c sinh lͣp 2

1.3.2.1.7ULJLiF

7ULJLiFFӫa hӑc sinh TiӇu hӑFPDQJWtQKFKҩWÿҥi thӇtWÿLVkXYjRFKLtiӃWYjPDQJWtQKNK{QJFKӫ ÿӏQKGRÿyFiFHPSKkQELӋt nhӳQJÿӕLWѭӧng

FzQFKѭDFKtQK[iFGӉ mҳc sai lҫPFyNKLFzQOүn lӝn

Ӣ FiFOӟp bұFÿҫu TiӇu hӑFWULJLiF cӫa trҿ HPWKѭӡng gҳn vӟLKuQKҧnh

ÿӝng, vӟi hoҥWÿӝng thӵc tiӉn cӫa trҿ ĈӃn cuӕi bұc TiӇu hӑc, tULJLiF bҳWÿҫu

PDQJWtQKFҧP[~FWUҿ WKtFKTXDQViWFiFKLӋQWѭӧng, sӵ vұWFyPjXVҳc hҩp

dүQWULJLiFFӫa trҿ ÿmPDQJWtQKPөFÿtFKFySKѭѫQJKѭӟQJU}UjQJ Nhұn

thҩ\ÿLӅXQj\FK~QJWDFҫQWKXK~WWUҿ bҵQJFiFKRҥWÿӝng mӟLPDQJPjXVҳc,

WtQK FKҩW ÿһc biӋW NKiF Oҥ so vӟL EuQK WKѭӡQJ NKL ÿy VӁ NtFK WKtFK WUҿ cҧm

nhұQWULJLiFWtFKFӵFYjFKtQK[iF&KtQKYuYұy, viӋc thiӃt kӃ JLiRiQÿLӋn tӱ

FQJYӟi nhӳQJKuQKҧQKÿӝQJÿyQJPӝWYDLWUzTXDQWUӑQJ7K{QJTXDQKӳng

ÿӗ GQJGҥy hӑc, nhӳQJEjLJLҧQJÿѭӧFWUuQKFKLӃXWUrQPi\WtQKYӟi nhӳng

KuQKҧQKÿӝng sӁ Jk\ÿѭӧc ҩQWѭӧng tӕWÿӕi vӟLFiFHP

1.3.2.2 7UtQK ͣ

Do hoҥW ÿӝng cӫa hӋ thӕQJ WtQ KLӋu thӭ nhҩt ӣ hӑc sinh lӭa tuәL Qj\

chiӃPѭXWKӃ QrQWUtQKӟ ³WU ͹c quan-KuQKW˱ ͫQJ´ ÿѭӧFSKiWWULӇQKѫQWUtQKӟ

³W ͳ ngͷ-O{JLF´

&iFHPQKӟ YjJLӳ JuQFKtQK[iFQKӳng sӵ vұt, hiӋQWѭӧng cө thӇ nhanh

KѫQYjWӕWKѫQQKӳQJÿӏQKQJKƭDQKӳng lӡi giҧLWKtFKGjLGzQJ+ӑc sinh lӟp

mӝt vj OӟSKDLFyNKX\QKKѭӟng ghi nhӟ Pi\PyFEҵQJFiFKOһSÿLOһp lҥi

nhiӅu lҫQFyNKLFKѭDKLӇu nhӳng mӕLOLrQKӋêQJKƭDFӫDWjLOLӋXÿy

HiӇXU}ÿһFÿLӇPWUtQKӟ cӫa hӑFVLQKYuWKӃ nhiӋm vө cӫDJLiRYLrQOj

Jk\FKRKӑFVLQKWkPWKӃ ÿӇ FyWKӇ ghi nhӟ, hѭӟng dүQFiFHPWKӫ thuұt ghi

nhӟ WjLOLӋu hӑc tұp

tranh ҧQKWUzFKѫLKRһFFyF{JLiR[LQKÿҽp, dӏXGjQJ«6ӵ tұSWUXQJFK~ê

cӫa trҿ FzQ \ӃXYjWKLӃXWtQKEӅn vӳQJFKѭDWKӇ tұS WUXQJ OkXGjL Yj GӉ bӏ

ͦ cu͙i tu͝i Ti͋ u h͕ c trҿ dҫQKuQKWKjQKNƭQăQJWә chӭFÿiӅu chӍQKFK~ê

cӫDPuQK&K~êFyFKӫ ÿӏQKSKiWWULӇn dҫQYjFKLӃPѭXWKӃ Trong sӵ FK~ê

cӫa trҿ ÿmEҳWÿҫu xuҩt hiӋn giӟi hҥn cӫa yӃu tӕ thӡi gian, trҿ ÿmÿӏQKOѭӧng

ÿѭӧc khoҧng thӡL JLDQ FKR SKpS ÿӇ OjP Pӝt viӋF QjR ÿy Yj Fӕ gҳQJ KRjQ

WKjQKF{QJYLӋc trong khoҧng thӡLJLDQTX\ÿӏnh

BiӃWÿѭӧFÿLӅXQj\ FiF QKjJLiR GөFQrQJLDRFKRWUҿ nhӳQJF{QJYLӋc

KD\EjLWұSÿzLKӓi sӵ FK~êYjQrQJLӟi hҥn vӅ mһt thӡLJLDQ&K~êiSGөng OLQKÿӝng theo tӯQJÿӝ tuәLÿҫu hay cuӕi TiӇu hӑFYjFK~êÿӃQWtQKFiWKӇ

cӫa trҿÿLӅXQj\Y{FQJTXDQWUӑQJYjҧQKKѭӣng trӵc tiӃSÿӃn kӃt quҧ JLiR

dөc trҿ

1.3.2.4 7˱GX\

7ѭGX\Fӫa trҿ HPÿӃQWUѭӡQJOjWѭGX\Fө thӇPDQJWtQKKuQKWKӭc bҵng

FiFKGӵDYjRÿһFÿLӇm trӵc quan cӫa nhӳQJÿӕLWѭӧQJYjKLӋQWѭӧng cө thӇ

&iFSKҭm chҩWWѭGX\FKX\Ӈn dҫn tӯ WtQKFө thӇ VDQJWѭGX\WUӯXWѭӧng

NKiLTXiWKyD.KLNKiLTXiWKyDWKuKӑFVLQKÿҫu cҩp TiӇu hӑFWKѭӡng quan

WkP ÿӃn dҩu hiӋu trӵc quan, bӅ QJRjL Fy OLrQ TXDQ ÿӃn chӭF QăQJ FӫD ÿӕi

7X\QKLrQFҫQOѭXêUҵng ÿһFÿLӇPWѭGX\Fӫa hӑc sinh TiӇu hӑFNK{QJ

FyêQJKƭDWX\ӋWÿӕLPjFKӍ WѭѫQJÿӕL7URQJTXiWUuQKKӑc tұSWѭGX\Fӫa hӑc

sinh sӁ WKD\ ÿәi rҩt nhiӅX &KtQK Yu WKӃ JLiR YLrQ Fҫn lӵa chӑn nhӳng nӝi

GXQJSKѭѫQJSKiSYjFiFKWKӭc giҧng dҥy hiӋu quҧ nhҩWÿӇ cyWKӇ SKiWWULӇn

WѭGX\FKRKӑc sinh

TiӇ u kӃ t:

7kP Ot Kӑc sinh TiӇu hӑc dӉ WKD\ ÿәL NK{QJ EӅn vӳng Nhұn thӭF Yj

WuQKFҧm cӫDFiFHPWKѭӡng gҳn vӟi nhӳQJKuQKҧnh, hiӋQWѭӧng trӵc quan, cө

thӇ ViӋc hiӇXWkPOtKӑc sinh giӳ YDLWUzTXDQWUӑng trong TXiWUuQKGҥy hӑc,

JLiR YLrQ Fҫn dӵD YjR QKӳQJ ÿһF ÿLӇP WkP Ot ÿӕL WѭӧQJ ÿӇ lӵa chӑQ [k\

dӵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSYjKuQKWKӵc tә chӭc dҥy hӑFSKKӧSWURQJFiFP{QKӑc QyLFKXQJYjSKkQP{Q.Ӈ chuyӋQQyLULrQJ7URQJÿyVӵ FyPһt cӫDÿӗ GQJ

YjSKѭѫQJSKiSGҥy hӑc trӵc quan chiӃm vӏ WUtY{FQJTXDQWUӑng, JySSKҫn

cҧi thiӋQYjQkQJFDRFKҩWOѭӧng hӑc tұp, mang lҥi nhӳng hiӋu quҧ JLiRGөc

ViӋc thiӃt kӃ JLiR iQ ÿLӋn tӱ JL~S JLiR YLrQ Wә chӭc tӕt hoҥWÿӝng dҥy

hӑc, tҥo hӭQJWK~ trong hӑc tұp cho hӑc VLQKJySSKҫQÿәi mӟLSKѭѫQJSKiS

hӑc tұS7K{QJQKӳng tranh ҧQKKuQKҧQKÿӝng hҩp dүQÿҫ\PjXVҳc trong

JLiRiQÿLӋn tӱ hӑFVLQKFyWKӇ hiӇXFkXFKX\ӋQYjQKӟ FkXFKX\Ӌn mӝWFiFK

dӉ GjQJJLӡ hӑFV{LQәLYjJk\ÿѭӧc sӵ FK~êFӫDFiFHPQKLӅXKѫQ7ӯ ÿy

chҩWOѭӧng giӡ hӑc KӇ chuyӋn sӁ QJj\Pӝt hiӋu quҧ Ĉk\OjFѫVӣ ÿӇ FK~QJ

W{LWLӃQKjQKWKӕQJNrSKkQORҥLFiFGҥQJEjLWұp KӇ chuyӋn trong SGK TiӃng

ViӋt lӟSYjFKӑn ra mӝt sӕ dҥQJEjLtұp KӇ chuyӋQÿӇ thiӃt kӃ JLiRiQÿLӋn

tӱ

&iFEjLKӑc kӇ chuyӋn ӣ TiӇu hӑFÿѭӧFFKLDOjPORҥi: K͋ chuy͏ n theo

tranh; K͋ chuy͏ n ÿm QJKHÿmK ͕c; K͋ chuy͏ QÿmFK ͱng ki͇ n, tham gia Tuy ӣ

lӟp 2 chӍ FyPӝt dҥng EjLNӇ chuyӋn Oj³K͋ l̩ LFkXFKX\ ͏ QÿmK ͕Fÿmÿ ͕c ´

QKѭQJQKӳQJEjLWұSÿӇ thӵc hiӋn trong giӡ KӇ chuyӋn lҥi rҩWSKRQJSK~ÿD

dҥng ĈӇ FyWKӇ chӑn ra mӝt sӕ dҥQJEjLWұp KӇ chuyӋn nhҵm thiӃt kӃ JLiRiQ

ÿLӋn tӱ, FK~QJW{LWLӃQKjQKYLӋc khҧRViWFiFGҥQJEjLWұp KӇ chuyӋn trong

SGK TiӃng ViӋt lӟp 2 ViӋc khҧRViWSKkQloҥLFiFGҥQJEjLWұp KӇ chuyӋn

- DӵDYjRÿLӇm tӵa cho sҹn

- DӵDYjRGXQJOѭӧng lӡi kӇ

- DӵDYjRÿӝ NKyYjWtQKOjPYLӋFÿӝc lұp cӫa hӑc sinh

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