She said, “I’ve bought the tickets.” + Reported speech Khi chúng ta sử dụng lời nói lối nói gián tiếp, chúng ta chú ý nghĩa chính xác của của lời nói mà không nhất thiết phải sử dụng ngu[r]
Trang 1Direct and reported speech + Direct speech
Khi chúng ta sử dụng lời nói lối nói trực tiếp, chúng ta nhắc lại nguyên văn của người
nói
Ex: Marry: I’ve bought the tickets
She said, “I’ve bought the tickets.”
+ Reported speech
Khi chúng ta sử dụng lời nói lối nói gián tiếp, chúng ta chú ý nghĩa chính xác của của
lời nói mà không nhất thiết phải sử dụng nguyên văn lời đã nói
Ex: Marry: I’ve bought the tickets
She said (that) she had bought the tickets
Về thì Nếu động từ tường thuật của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về
quá khứ một bậc Ta chuyển đổi theo bảng sau :
1.Hiện tại đơn S + am/is/are
- “He is a student”Lan said
S + was / were
-Lan said he was a student
S + V 0/ s / es
- “Nam goes to school today”Ba said
S + V-ed/ V2
-Ba said Nam went to school that day
2 Hiện tại
tiếp diễn
S + am /is / are + V-ing
-“ I am singing an English song” Ba Said
S + was / were + V-ing
-Ba said he was singing an english song
3.Quá khứ đơn S + V-ed/V2
“ She played chess with me last night” he said
S + had + V-ed/ V3
-He said she had played chess with him the night before
4.Quá khứ
tiếp diễn
S + was / were + V-ing
-“ He was doing his HW, when I came”
Hoa said
S + had been + V-ing
-Hoa said he had been doing his HW (when she had came)
5 Tương lai S + will + V0
-“ They will be 15 on Monday” his mother told
S + would + V0
His mother said they would be 15 on monday
6.Hiện tại
hoàn thành
S+ have/has + V-ed/ VIII
-“you have finished all your HW,Na” the teacher said
S + had + V-ed /VIII
-The teacher said Na had finished all her HW
7 với đt
“Can”
S + can + V0
- “ You can learn well ,Nam” The teacher said
S + could + V0
- The teacher said Nam could learn well
Một số chuyển đổi khác khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp mà động từ
tường thuật ở thì quá khứ thì các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn và đại từ chỉ định
được chuyển theo quy tắc sau :
Trong câu trực tiếp Trong câu gián tiếp
To day That day
Tonight That night
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Tomorrow The day after/ the following day
Trang 2Next week The week after / The following week
Last week
Last night
The week before / the previous week The night before
This That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Ago Before
Một số dạng thường gặp
* Câu tường thuật loại câu hỏi Có hay Không (Yes – No questions)có dạng :
Loại câu này được mở đầu bằng các động từ: ask, inquire, wonder và theo sau có
If hoặc whether.
Ex: “Did you go to school yesterday?” Hoa asked
→ Hoa asked me if/ whether I had gone to school the day before
* “ Is she beautiful,Nga?” Hung asked
→ Hung aksed Nga if / whether she was beautiful.
* “Are you hungry, John?”She asked
→ She asked John if/ whether he was hungry.
* Câu tường thuật loại câu có từ để hỏi (Wh – question ) có dạng:
Example: - “ Where are you going” She said to me
→ She asked me where I was going -“ What’s her name ?” Chung asked me
* Exercises:
Ex1: Report the following statements.
1 “He always has dinner here,” she said
2 “I’m sorry to disturb you,” Tom said to Eliza
3 “I’m her guest at the moment,” he said
4 “John always comes home to have lunch,” said Martha
5 “I’ll be back in five minute,” said Tom
6 “I’m deeply grateful for all what you’ve done for Maurice,” Mrs Tabret said to Stella
7 “You behaved very badly yesterday,” Pearl says to her
8 “The bus was here a minute ago,” says Bessie
9 “I met Pete at the club last weekend,” said Arnold
10 “It isn’t foggy today as it was yesterday,” I remarked
Ex 2: Report the following questions.
1 “Is there a word of truth in this story?” said his mother
Trang 32 “What is country do you come from?” said Bill.
3 “With team has won?” asked Ann
4 “What are you going to study?” asked Bill
5 “What platform does the train leave from?” asked Bill
6 “Have you ever seen this before?” she said to him
7 “Does he speak English and French?” said Paul
8 “Aren’t Bessie and Harry here?” she asked him
9 “What did you say, Tom?” she said
10 “Will you tell John what I took you last night?” Ann said to Peter
Answer:
Ex1: Report the following statements.
1 She said that he always had dinner there.
2 Tom told Eliza that he was sorry to disturb her.
3 He said that he was her guest at the moment.
4 Martha said that John always came home to have lunch.
5 Tom said that he would be back in five minute.
6 Mrs Tabret told Stella that he was deeply grateful for all what she had dome for Maurice.
7 Pearl told her that she had behaved very badly the day before.
8 Bessie said that the bus had been there a minute before.
9 Arnold said that he had met Pete at the club the previous weekend.
10 I remarked it wasn’t foggy that day as it had been the day before.
Ex 2: Report the following questions.
1 His mother asked if there was a word of truth in that story.
2 Bill asked what country I came from.
3 Ann wanted to know which team had won.
4 Bill asked what I was going to study.
5 Bill asked what platform the train left from.
6 She asked him if he had ever seen that before.
7 Paul wanted to know whether he spoke English and French or not.
8 She asked him whether or not Bessie and Harry were there.
9 She asked Tom what he had said.
10 Ann asked Peter if he would tell John what she had told you the night before