INTRODUCTION
In recent decades, Vietnam's economy has experienced rapid growth, but this progress has come at the cost of significant environmental challenges due to a lack of focus on sustainability Over the past ten years, the sharp increase in industrial areas has provided economic benefits but has also led to serious environmental issues, including pollution and global warming Many factories continue to use outdated technologies that consume excessive energy and produce large amounts of waste Evidence shows that a substantial volume of untreated waste is being discharged, exacerbating environmental pollution These circumstances highlight the critical relationship between economic development and environmental protection in Vietnam.
For decades, the government has grappled with environmental challenges linked to economic development in rural areas, particularly the issue of pollution in traditional handicraft villages These villages consist of communities where individuals share similar occupations, working collaboratively to enhance their livelihoods Key characteristics of traditional craft villages include collective business efforts, economic development, and the preservation of local identity and cultural heritage.
Handicrafts in rural Vietnam began as supplementary work for farmers during their leisure time after harvests, initially aimed at producing essential daily commodities Over time, farmers recognized the potential to sell these products for additional income, sparking widespread interest in handicraft creation This shift led to a small group of artisans expanding into larger communities, transforming individual efforts into village-wide initiatives and fostering a vibrant handicraft culture across multiple villages.
2 together and produce handicraft outcomes to get benefits from traditional products (Tươi,
Vietnam is home to approximately 2,000 traditional handicraft villages, primarily located in the North and Central regions, producing goods such as lacquer, ceramics, silver, embroidery, and textiles These trade villages play a crucial role in the economic restructuring and modernization of rural areas, contributing significantly to the livelihoods of households and laborers Despite their importance, the benefits of handicraft production remain lower than those of industrial production Alarmingly, environmental pollution in these villages has reached critical levels, impacting both the environment and public health, with over 46% of surveyed villages experiencing severe pollution The country boasts more than 5,400 trade villages, employing over 11 million people, which constitutes about 30% of the rural labor force, thereby enhancing local incomes and living standards However, issues such as excessive wastewater and organic pollutants from food processing and animal husbandry significantly exceed national standards, highlighting the urgent need for effective solutions to address these environmental challenges.
Huu Bang town, situated in Huu Bang Commune within Thach That District, Ha Noi, is approximately 30 km from the city center and is known for its thriving carpentry industry, which serves the high demand for wooden products in Asia (Tươi, 2018) This traditional handicraft has allowed the residents of Huu Bang to maintain and enhance their livelihoods, contributing to the commune's status as the wealthiest in both Thach That and Quoc Oai districts However, the growth of carpentry production has also led to noticeable negative effects on the air, water, and soil environments (Huy, 2017).
Carpentry in Vietnam, particularly in traditional craft villages like Huu Bang, faces significant environmental challenges, including the release of dust, sawdust, noise pollution from equipment and vehicles, and contamination from organic solvents that degrade soil and water quality While the benefits of carpentry are vital to the economy, it is crucial for the Vietnamese government to address the environmental issues associated with this industry Conducting thorough research to assess the negative impacts of carpentry is essential for identifying key problems and developing sustainable solutions that will protect the ecosystem while preserving traditional craftsmanship in areas such as Huu Bang, Thach That District, Ha Noi.
“Study on the status of environmental quality in Huu Bang carpentry village”
GOAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Goal
The study is expected to contribute to improve the effectiveness of the environment management in the study area.
Specific objective
1) To study current situation of production in Huu Bang Town, Thach That District, Ha Noi;
2) To determine the quality of soil in Huu Bang Town;
3) To determine the quality of water in Huu Bang Town;
4) To determine the quality of air in Huu Bang Town;
5) To propose solutions to improve the environment management in the study area
RESEARCH METHODS
Study site
Huu Bang is situated in the southeast of Thach That district, approximately 3 km from Lien Quan town It is bordered by Phung Xa commune to the east, Thach Xa and Binh Phu communes to the west, Di Nau commune to the north, and Binh Phu commune to the south The total natural land area of Huu Bang is 181.7 hectares, with over 33 hectares designated for residential use.
Huu Bang is the most populous commune in Thach That and Quoc Thach districts, boasting a population exceeding 25,000 residents Situated approximately 30 km from Hanoi's city center and accessible via the Lang - Hoa Lac highway, Huu Bang is renowned for its historic village Once a traditional textile hub, the commune has recently seen a shift from weaving to carpentry and sofa manufacturing (Tươi, 2018).
Research methods
3.2.1 Manual methods for all sections
The author conducted direct observations in the study area to assess the atmospheric quality and identify each stage of the carpentry process that contributes to pollution and its effects on people's lives Data collection was achieved through photography and video recording Given that environmental conditions can fluctuate over time, the author plans to repeat this method periodically to capture changes accurately.
The author conducted interviews with 24 residents of Huu Bang town to identify the sources of air pollution and its effects on their daily lives This initiative aimed to gather insights from the local community regarding the impact of air quality on their health and well-being.
The study categorized participants by age and area, dividing the research locations into Business and Production areas Each area included four groups of interviewees: children (ages 6 to 15), teenagers (ages 16 to 19), adults (ages 20 to 60), and elders (over 60) The focus was primarily on the responses from children and elders, as they are more susceptible to the impacts of pollution Prior to conducting interviews with local residents, the author tested the questions to minimize potential errors.
The ambiguity of words and structure;
Table 3.1 Types of interviewee being investigated by questionnaire on quality of air, soil and water in Huu Bang
Order Trading areas Production areas
3.2.2 To study the current situation of carpentry production process in Huu Bang Town
This section features a unique questionnaire designed to gather insights from residents of Huu Bang town The study involved interviewing 20 individuals, including producers and traders, to gain a deeper understanding of the carpentry production processes As a result, the author identified key aspects of the process that contribute to its overall effectiveness.
7 pollution Before interviewing local people, the author tested the questions to avoid some mistakes as follows
The ambiguity of words and structure
The study conducted interviews with 10 key individuals, including administrative officials from Huu Bang town and skilled carpenters, using a series of open-ended questions This approach aimed to gather data on the number of households engaged in carpentry production and to explore the management practices of local authorities.
3.2.3 To study impact of carpentry production on atmosphere
The study used two types of equipment such as: GPS and Noise measure device
EXTECH 4.0 to measure noise in the study area
Before conducting measurements, the author ensured the accuracy of the equipment The research involved measuring noise levels at 15 locations, including 5 specific sites like schools and markets, during designated times from 6 AM to 9 PM (Anh, 2017) Subsequently, the author compared the results from these locations to the standard noise levels outlined in QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, as shown in Table 3.2, and made an assessment based on the findings.
Table 3.2: Standard noise level table
No Location From 6am to 21pm From 21pm to 6am
The author employed a qualitative method to collect and analyze deposited dust samples, utilizing sampling tools such as dust containers and sticky material like Vaseline This approach was implemented at sites with potentially high dust concentrations To prepare the sampling containers, Vaseline was applied to the surfaces of 18 dishes to effectively capture airborne dust Three locations were selected for placing the dishes, with six dishes positioned at each site, spaced 50 meters apart and elevated at a height of 1.2 meters.
3.2.4 To study impact of carpentry production on water
1) Collecting and analyzing water sample
To conduct sampling around Huu Bang, utilize essential tools including pure mineral water bottles in 1.5L and 500ml sizes, a GPS device, a bucket, a long stick, adhesive tape, a correction pen, and an ice box.
Sample need to be collected at two locations Taking 4 samples at each location
1 streams, lakes or rivers nearby production areas
2 Streams, lakes or rivers far away from the center about 500m-1km
Water samples will be collected using the single sampling method in accordance with the TCVN 5994-1995 standard, which provides guidelines for sampling water quality in both natural and artificial ponds in Vietnam.
- When taking the samples, the author needs to ensure certain requirements:
The sample containers need to be cleaned It should not be coated by water/wastewater which will be taking, it might be afftect the future results of the analysis
Do not disturbed the water surface
Samples were taken should be highly representative ability
To conduct water sampling, first secure the sampling bottle and long stick together using adhesive tape for stability Lower the sampling bottle to a depth of 20cm to 30cm, approximately 1.5m to 2m from the shore, until it fills with water Once retrieved, clean the exterior and seal the bottle Label it with the order number, date, and time of collection, and record essential information in a notebook Additionally, measure and analyze on-site parameters such as temperature and pH for immediate results.
To ensure accurate water quality analysis, it is crucial to seal sample containers and protect them from light and heat Water samples can quickly change due to gas exchange and chemical reactions, including organism assimilation Therefore, it is essential to maintain the samples at a temperature between 0°C and 4°C Transport the samples in a Styrofoam box with ice to the laboratory for optimal preservation.
Analyzing a) pH: pH is measured by pH measure equipment b) DO: DO is measured by DO measure equipment
To analyze Total Suspended Solids (TSS), obtain a precise 150ml water sample and filter it through filter paper Prior to and following the filtration process, the filter paper must be dried in an oven at 105°C until it reaches a constant weight The dried filter paper is then weighed using a scale with an accuracy of ± 0.1mg The suspended solids content can be calculated using the appropriate formula.
In which: M1: Filter paper weight at 105oC before filtration (mg)
M2: Filter paper weight at 105oC after filtration (mg)
V: volume of water sample through filter paper (liter) d) COD: Reheat the test sample with known potassium dichromate prior to the presence of mercury (II) sulphate and silver catalyst in the concentrated sulfuric acid for a certain period of time, during which part of the dichromate is reduced due to The presence of oxidative substances Titrate the remaining amount of dicromat present in the presence of oxidizing agents Titrate the reduced amount of dicromat, one with iron (III) ammonium sulphate Calculate the COD value from the amount of dechlorinated dichromate, 1 mol
Cr 2 O 7 2- + Fe 2+ + - 3+ + CrO 4 2- The indicator is Feroin (the color changes from green to reddish brown)
The residual amount of Cr 2 O 7 2- can be determined by photometry or by titration using Mohr saline
Procedure: Take 2ml of sample into COD tube, add 1ml of K2Cr2O7 0.025N solution containing HgSO 4 , add 3mL of AgSO 4 H 2 SO 4 from the COD tube
Shake gently until the sample is homogeneous and bring it to a boil at 150oC for 2 hours
Samples are cooled to room temperature, and the excess dichromate is substituted with Iron (III) ammonium sulfate, utilizing the Feroin indicator until the solution shifts from green to brownish red The volume used (V1) is then recorded.
Make a blank form in the above procedure but change the sample with distilled water (V2) Calculation formula:
In which: C: Equivalent concentration of Morh salt solution
V1: volume of Fe (II) salts using standard white sample (ml) V2: volume of Fe (II) salts when using sample (ml) e) NO 2 -
Ion NO 2 - in the solution is determined by the electrostatic method according to TCVN 6268-1997
To prepare an NH4Cl-EDTA solution, dissolve 13 grams of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and 1.7 grams of EDTA in 900 milliliters of water Adjust the pH of the mixture to 8.5 using ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) and then dilute the solution to a final volume of 1000 milliliters.
- Solution NH4Cl -EDTA (B): Take 300ml of solution A, add the solution to 500ml
- CuSO4 solution 2%: dissolve 20g CuSO4 5H2O in 500ml and set to 1000ml
- Standard nitrate solution: KNO3 salt is dried at 105oC for 24 hours Dissolve 0.7218 in water to 1000ml, add 2ml CHCl3 for storage; 1ml = 100μg NO3-N Stable solution for at least 6 months
- Working nitrate solution: Dilute 100 ml of the original standard nitrate solution to
1000 ml with distilled water, preserve with 2 ml CHCl3; 1ml = 10μg NO3-N
THE CHEMICAL SOLUTION TO ANALYZE NO2 -
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Carpentry production in Huu Bang village
4.1.1 The supply of raw materials in craft villages
The main raw materials for the production of carpentry are natural wood and artificial boards Natural wood is supplied to the village from two main sources:
Imported wood, primarily ironwood, is sourced from various regions including Indonesia, Laos, South Africa, and America Enterprises transport these woods to dealers in craft villages, facilitating the local crafting industry.
+ Domestic wood: Mainly small diameter wood such as: De, De, Thong, Bach Dan, Xoan, Dao… are provided from different provinces in Vietnam
Artificial boards, such as plywood, particle boards, fiber boards, and joinery boards, are primarily imported from Indonesia and Malaysia, with a limited amount produced locally at the Viet Tri - Phu Tho wood processing factory and other facilities.
Huu Bang currently boasts around 45 dealers specializing in natural wood and artificial boards, alongside approximately 50 furniture manufacturers that employ a significant portion of the local workforce in the commune.
4.1.2 Process of wood processing in craft villages
Fig 4.1 Process of producing form natural wood
Polishing Shaping impregnating with chemicals
Wood dust Wood dust solvents Organic
To prepare materials for production, round logs are initially cut to meet specific requirements Subsequently, they are sawn into two or more smaller fractions, forming panels that are tailored to produce products in sizes that align with client specifications.
+ Impregnated preservatives : : After the wood panels have formed, the next step is to impregnate the preservative, covered surface by Vernnni to prevent the destruction of fungi, termites
+ Drying: The next stage of wood will be dried by machine to ensure quality wood after chemical treatment, drying temperature is usually from 70-1000C
During the shaping stage of carpentry, craftsmen meticulously create the desired product shape based on customer specifications Attention to detail is crucial, and various patterns are utilized to minimize discrepancies This process involves several essential steps, including sharpening, sawing, chiseling, and wood cutting Once the main components are formed, artisans connect these parts through methods such as scooping, drilling, and gluing to achieve the final product shape.
Polishing and treating surface defects are essential steps in product finishing Prior to polishing, smoothing is typically performed using various types of machines to ensure a flawless surface.
Impact of carpentry production on the atmosphere
Table 4.1 presents the noise measurement results, highlighting the presence of noise pollution in Huu Bang and its significant impact on the lives of local residents.
Table 4.1: Results of noise measurement
Noise levels at 20 sites from 6 am to 9 pm exceed permissible limits, primarily due to carpentry operations and trading activities The carpentry noise arises from cutting, drying, spraying, and surface drying processes conducted in spontaneous workshops near residential areas without sound insulation, peaking between 8-10 am and 3-6 pm Additionally, heavy traffic along the town’s main streets, where dealers display carpentry products, contributes to the noise Specialized vehicles, often bulky and overloaded, exacerbate the situation on narrow roads, with honking from cars, mopeds, and pickups directly affecting residents' lives A field and questionnaire survey revealed that 100% of respondents feel significantly impacted by noise from machines and vehicles.
The analysis of sampling plates revealed varying levels of dust accumulation across different areas of Huu Bang commune Three distinct results were observed: thick layers of dust on some plates, thin layers with minimal sawdust on others, and minimal dust on the remaining plates Area S1, characterized by a high density of carpentry trade and vehicles, exhibited the most significant dust accumulation, leading to health concerns such as respiratory and eye diseases among residents who must wear masks and protective eyewear In contrast, Area S2, with moderate vehicle density, also faced environmental challenges due to airborne sawdust from production activities Meanwhile, Area S3, which lacks processing factories, showed the least dust accumulation, highlighting the impact of industrial activities on air quality.
In Huu Bang, there are 25 carpentry stores located on wide, clean streets with high foot traffic, surrounded by public places like schools and cafes However, a recent survey revealed that 100% of respondents believe the air quality in the area is severely compromised due to carpentry production As a result, residents are compelled to wear masks outdoors to shield themselves from the high levels of dust, including sawdust and sand, as well as smoke from vehicles.
Impact of carpentry production on the water resources
The water analysis results from Huu Bang town, presented in Table 4.2, were compared against the criteria outlined in Vietnam's technical regulations (column B1 QCVN 08/2015).
Table 4.2: Results of water analysis
pH measures the activity of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution, indicating its acidity or alkalinity In aqueous solutions, this activity is influenced by the ionic constant of water (Kw = 1.008 x 10^-14 at 25 °C) and its interaction with other ions.
Graph 1 : Compare pH between sample taken and QCVN
Table 4.1 indicates that in certain locations, water pH levels exceed the permissible limits outlined in Table B1 of QCVN 08: 2015 / BTNMT, suggesting that the waste source contributes an excessive amount of acid and basalt, thereby altering the water source's pH.
+COD: The amount of oxygen needed to oxidize the chemical compounds in water, including both inorganic and organic
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 pH lower limit of QCVN 08:2015 upper limint of QCVN 08:2015
The comparison of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) between the sampled water and the standards set by QCVN highlights the importance of monitoring water quality Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is crucial for the survival of aquatic organisms, including fish, algae, and insects, as it is primarily generated through atmospheric dissolution and the photosynthesis process of aquatic plants Ensuring adequate levels of DO is essential for maintaining a healthy aquatic ecosystem.
Graph 3: Compare DO between sample taken and QCVN
The data indicates that the DO index across all sampling locations is below 4ppm, highlighting the impact of waste from trading activities in busy areas like markets Additionally, the direct discharge of waste from densely populated regions into water bodies, without adequate organic matter treatment, leads to a surge in organism and algae growth, subsequently decreasing the DO levels in the water.
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) refer to the particles suspended in water, including sand, clay, algae, microorganisms, and organic matter Turbidity arises from the interaction of light with these suspended particles, which can diffuse, absorb, or re-emit light based on their size, shape, and composition This property enables turbidity measurement devices to effectively indicate variations in the type, size, and concentration of particles within a water sample.
Graph 4: Compare TSS between sample taken and QCVn
The total suspended solids (TSS) levels in the water samples exceed the permissible limits set by column B1 QCVN 08: 2015 / BTNMT, with the first four samples showing TSS values significantly above four This elevated TSS is attributed to the sampling locations, which are situated near densely populated residential areas and concentrated sewer systems Additionally, these areas are close to markets where public awareness regarding waste disposal is low, contributing to littering and promoting the growth of suspended solids and microorganisms in the water.
+ NO 2 - : is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen, usually in soil and in water This is a good source of nitrogen for plants Nitrite has harmful effects on health
Graph 5 : Compare NO 2 - between sample taken and QCVN
The chart indicates that only the first sampling location exceeds the permitted NO2 level set by QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT, with its concentration being 16 times higher than the fourth location and 18 times higher than others This elevated level is attributed to the accumulation of shells in the area, resulting in an unpleasant odor.
PO43- is an inorganic compound and a salt of phosphoric acid, while organic phosphates are esters of phosphoric acid that play crucial roles in biochemistry, ecology, and agriculture Inorganic phosphate is vital for preparing phosphorus for agricultural and industrial use, as phosphorus compounds serve as essential nutrients for plants and contribute to algae growth in surface waters.
Graph 6: Compare P-PO 4 3- between sample taken and QCVN
The chart indicates that the first four results exceed the permissible limits set by column B1 of QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT, while the last four results fall below these limits This suggests that the area from which the first four samples were collected is affected by domestic wastewater In contrast, the last four samples, taken from a pond along the highway away from populated areas, show less impact compared to the first four samples.
Iron (Fe) is a heavy metal found in water that can cause a fishy odor and a yellowish tint When it enters the food chain, it accumulates in organisms' bodies, posing a risk of acute toxicity when consumed by other species or humans High concentrations of iron can be bioaccumulative and harmful to human health.
Graph 7: Compare Fe between sample taken and QCVN
The chart indicates that all locations, except for location 2, remain within the permissible limits set by column B1 of QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT Notably, the average concentration of iron (Fe) in the water environment of Huu Bang is significantly low.
Impact of carpentry production on soil
Huu Bang is home to 4,718 households, comprising over 16,000 residents, with more than 80% engaged in the carpentry business This high level of activity results in significant daily solid waste generation, estimated at 15-16 tons Waste collectors transport the refuse using electric vehicles to the Di Nieu Dump in Mieu Village, which is situated near residential areas and agricultural fields Unfortunately, the dump employs burning as a method of waste treatment, leading to smoke, dust, and environmental pollution.
Carpentry production generates a significant amount of solid waste, which poses serious environmental challenges, particularly to soil health The disposal of hazardous waste, including items like paint buckets, solvent tanks, and acacia boxes, contributes to these issues Furthermore, harmful substances from decorative processes exacerbate the environmental impact of carpentry operations.
31 wooden surfaces such as sanding, primers, paint coatings All these stages discharge a lot of hazardous waste , pour directly into the landfill and effect on people’s life.
Solutions
Research on carpentry production and the environmental conditions in Huu Bang carpentry village highlights the urgent need for effective measures to reduce pollutants in the area Implementing sustainable solutions is essential for the long-term development of craft villages.
- Continuing to improve the legal system on environmental protection Especially, sanctions must be strong enough to deter and prevent the violators
- Participating in international conventions related to environmental protection and environmental protection of craft villages
-Writing a general convention on environmental protection of craft villages
To minimize the use of specialized vehicles and promote environmental protection, implementing a licensing system or a monthly or annual fee for regular users can be effective This approach aims to limit the number of individuals utilizing such transportation, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable future.
- Inviting experts to qualify the quality of water, soil, and air environment around the town
- creating insurances to protect environments
- Creating an environmental protection fund in the craft village area and calling for investment by social organizations
The fund will be allocated to address environmental issues in Huu Bang, focusing on essential activities such as garbage collection, sewer clearance, pond and lake dredging, and compensating local environmental staff.
Investing in scholarship programs for education and research is essential for advancing technologies that can prevent and address environmental pollution, particularly in traditional handicraft villages Continuous study and innovation in this area will contribute to sustainable solutions for pollution-related challenges.
Gaining insights from both domestic and international environmental experts is essential for fostering knowledge and diverse perspectives Additionally, attracting investment from local agencies to establish training centers is crucial, particularly to engage university graduates who are passionate about environmental protection.
To enhance community living, it is essential to centralize residential areas and trade village services within the commune This strategy involves relocating polluting production areas away from residential zones and traditional villages while preserving the unique characteristics of traditional handicraft communities.
- Applying technology and social medias such as Facebook , Instagram,ect for transferring contents about environmental protection to people and raising awareness about environmental protection
4.5.4.1 Technology application for noise pollutant a noise-absorbing materials and noise-isolating devices materials used to reduce noise in rooms known as sound absorption it can be known in the form of manufacturing plants (plates, piles, rolls), ,
Sound absorption structures, which include products like shields, acoustic absorbers, and shells, primarily rely on absorption materials to effectively reduce sound These absorbent materials can be categorized into three types: hard materials such as foam and pumice; semi-hard materials like wood fiberboard and mineral wool; and elastic materials (Tân, 2011)
4.5.4.2 Technology application for water pollutant
It is characterized by high levels of COD, total suspended solids, so it is possible to apply a number of centralized treatment methods
WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS kitchen waste domestic wastewater
Providing air -> chemical disinfection - > sludge
Fig 5.1 waste water treatment process
The main processes in the Diagnostics Center include the following steps:
1 Step 1: regulate the flow and stabilize the pH at appropriate values to facilitate the subsequent microbiological processes
2 Step 2: BOD, COD treatment by biological oxidation method, microorganisms use organic matter in wastewater as feed source (concurrently with air and oxygen consumption, phosphorus )
Step 3: Remove the suspended substances and residues in the wastewater by mechanical means
Step 4: Destroy the harmful bacteria by the method of sterilization, adjust pH mud tank
Sump Fat pool deposition equipment aerotank pool Anoxic pool Collector pool
CONCLUSION
A recent survey reveals that the environment in Huu Bang town is severely polluted, primarily due to carpentry production and trading activities Air quality is notably affected, with high levels of dust and noise generated from mechanical equipment during processing, particularly during peak hours from 9-11 AM and 4-6 PM Additionally, stages like polishing and painting release harmful organic solvents and wood dust, exacerbating air pollution Soil pollution and solid waste management are also significant concerns, with local authorities implementing superficial solutions that lack seriousness, leading to a lack of accountability among agencies and residents Public awareness regarding solid waste issues remains low, further complicating the situation Water quality analysis indicates that pollution primarily stems from household garbage and wastewater, with minimal impact from carpentry activities Currently, clean water for Huu Bang residents is sourced from a pumping station located 5 km away in Thach That district.
35 from the town area Basically, clean water for daily life has been solved However, water pollution still negatively affects urban beauty, and developing diseases such as dengue fever, malaria
Local communities often underestimate the seriousness of environmental issues, leading to ineffective propaganda that fails to shift mindsets Many farmers and small business owners in the village still hold the belief that environmental protection is solely the government's responsibility Additionally, the prolonged poor environmental conditions have caused the people of Huu Bang to gradually become more accustomed to these challenges.
Due to limited research time, and due to the limited capacity and experience of the author, so the thesis cannot avoid the limitations and certainties
1) Firstly,, the author cannot update all the models, developments in the carpentry of our country, ,
2) Secondly, the author cannot mention the levels environmental pollution of the village 5 years ago, 10 years and previous years
1) In coming time, the author is responsible for the determination to continue studying, research, theoretical addition (from teachers , scientists in and outside the country
2) In addition, the environment of the craft villages in Thach That district, Hanoi has been monitored, and recommendations and solutions have been made, contributing to environmental protection, sustainable development
Anh, P L (2017) Đánh giá tác động môi trường
Hậu, P X (2012) Giải pháp phát triển bền vững làng nghề truyền thống ở Việt Nam phục vụ du lịch
Hùng, T (2018) 46% làng nghề bị ô nhiễm nặng
Huy, V (2017) Làng nghề gỗ Hữu Bằng
Phong, N M (2018) Long đong làng nghề
Sơn, P C (2004) Làng nghề truyền thống Việt Nam
Tân, H Q (2011) Nghiên cứu giảm tiếng ồn trong gia công cơ giới gỗ
Nghiên cứu của Tươi (2018) tập trung vào việc đánh giá hiện trạng môi trường nước tại làng nghề xã Hữu Bằng, huyện Thạch Thất, Hà Nội Bài viết đề xuất các giải pháp bảo vệ môi trường nhằm cải thiện chất lượng nước và giảm thiểu ô nhiễm Các phương pháp thu gom và phân loại chất thải rắn được nêu rõ, cùng với các tiêu chuẩn chất lượng nước theo quy định hiện hành Nghiên cứu này không chỉ mang tính thực tiễn mà còn có ý nghĩa quan trọng trong việc bảo vệ môi trường bền vững cho cộng đồng.
INDEX
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Name of interviewer:………
2 Education level (years of schooling): years
Number members at the age of labor:
Number members outside of working age:
Number of people involved in carpentry production:
1 Where does the raw material of carpentry production come from? (only for carpenters)
2 Which stages do we have to make a product? (only for carpenters)
3 Are there any stages causing air pollution during carpentry produce process? a No b Yes
4 If "YES" which kind of pollution refer below?: a Noise pollution b Dust pollution c Both answers above
5 Which stages during carpentry process make noise ?
6 At which period of day the noise exists most?
38 a Morning b Noon c Afternoon d Evening e Night
7 Is your life affected by the noise? a No b Yes
8 Are there any stages causing dust during carpentry produce process? a No b Yes
9 if YES, which stages during the process make dust ?
10 Is your life affected by dust? a No b Yes
11 Is water environment around the town polluted? a No b Yes
12 if YES, are there any stages causing water pollution during carpentry produce process? a No b Yes
13 If YES, which stages during the process make water polluted?
14 Where is the water supply for people of town?
15 How is water treatment for people using if the water around the town polluted?
16 how is the household waste and waste product during carpentry produce process treatment?