Raising awareness of local people in order to effectively implement eco city plan on solid waste clasification in hai phong city

To solve these problems, The thesis proposes some solutions as establishing environmental propaganda and education about solid waste classification by social media, establishing solid wa

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To complete the final thesis, firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to

my advisor Dr Tran Thi Thu Ha for the continuous support of my thesis, for her patience, motivation, and immense knowledge Her guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my final thesis

I sincerely thank to the leadership, corporate departments of Hai Phong urban and environment one member limited company have created favorable conditions for me to practice during an internship at the company

Finally I would like say thanks to my school – Vietnam National University of Forest has given me an opportunity to be practiced at my hometown to apply the knowledge I learned from the school Through this internship, I get much new and useful experience that

is helpful for my future work

Because my knowledge is limited, this thesis may have some mistakes, I would like

to receive the comments from the teachers to help my thesis becoming more completed

as the key stakeholder to implement the project successfully But the local people are not prepared to implement classifying solid waste at home because most of them are confused and do not want to waste their time To solve these problems, The thesis proposes some solutions as establishing environmental propaganda and education about solid waste classification by social media, establishing solid waste practice course for local people, adding solid waste classification as a criteria to assess the cultural family, guiding people to classify solid waste by the guidance from project staffs, local authorities staffs and volunteers, gathering and buying inorganic waste for recycling and educating young people the importance of solid waste classification

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEME

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 GOALS AND (SPECIFIC) OBJECTIVES 3

2.1 General objective 3

2.2 Specific objectives 3

3 SITE DESCRIPTION 4

4 METHODS 5

4.1.Collecting data and information 5

4.1.1.Secondary data collection 5

4.1.2.Primary data collection 5

4.2 Data analysis 6

4.2.1.Accessing the awareness of local people 6

4.2.2 SWOT analysis 7

5 RESULTS 9

5.1 The description of the respondents 9

5.2 Knowledge 10

5.2.1.Knowledge about solid waste classification by gender 10

5.2.2.Knowledge about solid waste classification by age 11

5.2.3.Knowledge about solid waste classification by educational level 12

5.2.4.Knowledge about solid waste classification by occupation 13

5.3 Awareness 14

5.3.1.Assessing the quality of solid waste collecting services 14

5.3.2.Assessing the important level of solid waste classification by gender 15

5.3.3.Assessing the important level of solid waste classification by age 16

5.3.4.Assessing the important level of solid waste classification by educational level 17

5.3.5.Assessing the important level of solid waste classification by occupation 18

5.3.6.Assessing the important level of stakeholders in solid waste classification 19

5.3.7.Assessing the level of willingness to classify solid waste 20

5.4 Behavior 21

5.4.1.The number of households classifies solid waste at home 21

5.4.2.The person usually classifies solid waste at home 21

5.5 Factors that affect to the awareness of local people in solid waste classification 22

5.5.1 Sources of information for households about solid waste classification 22

5.5.2.Reasons for non-classify solid waste 23

5.5.3.Reasons for classify solid waste 24

5.6 Assessing the status of project by strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats 24

5.7 Recommendations 26

6 CONCLUSION 29

7 REFERENCES 30 APPENDIX

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 SWOT analysis of the status of project 8

Table 5.1 Descriptions of respondents 9

Table 5.2 Assessing the solid waste treatment form of households 9

Table 5.3 Knowledge about solid waste classification according to gender 10

Table 5.4 Knowledge about solid waste classification according to age group 11

Table 5.5 Knowledge about solid waste classification according to educational level 12

Table 5.6 Knowledge about solid waste classification according to occupation 13

Table 5.7 Assessing the quality of solid waste collecting services in local area 14

Table 5.8 Assessing the important level of solid waste classification according to gender 16

Table 5.9 Assessing the important level of solid waste classification according to 16

age group 16

Table 5.10 Assessing the important level of solid waste classification according to educational level 17 Table 5.11 Accessing the important level of solid waste classification according to occupation 18

Table 5.12 Assessing the important level of stakeholders in solid waste classification 19

Table 5.13 Accessing the level of willingness to classify solid waste 20

Table 5.14 The person usually classifies solid waste at home 22

Table 5.15 Sources of information for households about solid waste classification 22

Table 5.16 Reasons for non-classify solid waste at home 23

Table 5.17 Reasons for classify solid waste 24

Table 5.18 SWOT analysis of the project 25

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Hai Phong geographic map 4

Figure 4.1 Geographical location of Nguyen Duc Canh street and Quang Trung street 5

Figure 5.1 The quality of solid waste collecting services in local area 15

Figure 5.2 The level of willingness to classify solid waste 20

Figure 5.3 The number of households classifies solid waste at home 21

Figure 5.4 Some recycled products from inorganic solid waste 28

1

1 INTRODUCTION

Environment plays an important role in human life It assumes three main functions: providing resources, providing a place to live and space containing garbage Currently, the speed of urbanization and industrialization in the country is growing rapidly and will continue going up in the next several years The exploitation and consumption of natural resources by humans is also constantly increasing, raising environmental problems of gas waste, liquid waste and solid waste

The pollution of environment is not only a problem in the world, but also a big challenge in Vietnam One of the main causes lead to the pollution in Vietnam is solid waste According to Clause 10, Article 3 of the Environmental Protection Law, “Solid waste is waste in form of solid, was discharged from production process, business, services, other activities, ” Currently, the average daily Vietnam generated 12 million tons of domestic solid waste which means one Vietnamese emits about 200 kg of solid waste a year averagely The increasing of solid waste increases the pollution mainly because of lacking in solid waste treatment, especially solid waste classification in the head source

In recent years, along with the development of the country, Hai Phong city has gained tremendous achievements But these achievements also increased the amount of waste that lead to serious impact on the lives of people as well as the region's environment

Eco City Plan has aimed to classify, recycle waste into resources, recycled materials

It was built with the goal of reducing household waste, industrial waste recycling into fuel solid fuels (fuel bars), and energy recycling, plastic, promote resource circulation The International Cooperation Agency of Japan (JICA), the Company and the Group Forval JAC jointly conducted “Survey the feasibility of the technical and technological classification, processing, production of recycled product of Eco City Plan in Hai Phong On July 2015, Japan conducted field surveys on the situation in the Hai Phong garbage and construction

Therefore, I decided to conduct a thesis titled: “Raising awareness of local people in order to

effectively implement Eco City Plan on solid waste classification in Hai Phong city”

- To assess awareness of local people on Eco City Plan on solid waste classification

in Hong Bang and Le Chan districts in Hai Phong;

- To determine factors that affect to awareness of local people on Eco City Plan on solid waste classification in Hong Bang and Le Chan district, Hai Phong city;

- To propose solutions to raise awareness of local people on Eco City Planand effectively implement the Eco City Plan on solid waste classification in Hai Phong city

4

3 SITE DESCRIPTION

“Hai Phong is a harbor city – one of the industrial centers, the largest port in northern Vietnam It is also the center of economy, culture, health, education, science, business and technology of the northern coastal areas This is the third largest city of the country Hai Phong is one of five municipalities in Vietnam, first class city, along with Da Nang and Can Tho As of 12/2015, Hai Phong has 2.1035 million people, of which the urban population accounted for 46.1% and the rural population accounted for 53.9%, the third most populous city in Vietnam.” (Wikipedia.com)

Figure 3.1 Hai Phong geographic map

(Source: investinvietnam.com)

“Hai Phong has many industrial areas and large commercial and service centers, tourism, education, health and coastal fisheries of Northern Vietnam Haiphong is a growth pole of the northern economic triangle which includes Hanoi, Hai Phong and Quang Ninh." (Wikipedia.com)

5

4 METHODS 4.1 Collecting data and information

4.1.1 Secondary data collection

- Hai Phong geographic condition, economic condition, social condition (especially demographic data), solid waste (status and accessing process)

- Eco City Plan, including contents of the project and how it was implemented

The data is mainly collected from Hai Phong Natural Resources and Environment Department, JICA – The main sponsored project, and from other sources

4.1.2 Primary data collection

4.1.2.1 Sample description

In Hong Bang land Le Chan districts, I chose Nguyen Duc Canh and Quang Trung streets as the study site because they are the main streets of the center of the city – which contain the amount of stores, schools and important positions in transporting and trading activities

Figure 4.1 Geographical location of Nguyen Duc Canh street and

Quang Trung street

4.1.2.2 Structured interview

A random sample of 100 households in Nguyen Duc Canh and Quang Trung streets are selected in the survey Questionnaires are prepared before going to the field to get information on living area, gender, age, income, education level, occupation; their attitude

on the issues of solid waste management and classification

4.1.2.3 Semi-structured interview

20 staffs in Hai Phong Natural Resources and Environment Department (who carry out this project) were interviewed by using checklist to get information and data on the issues:

- Understanding about Eco City Plan

- The effectiveness of Eco City Plan implementing

- The status of solid waste in study site

- The awareness of people in study site

4.1.2.4 Focus group discussion

Three focus group discussions (FGD) of 5 – 7 random people were used to get more information in various sources by using prepared checklist, in which 2 groups of households each district and 1 group of staffs each district

4.2 Data analysis

4.2.1 Accessing the awareness of local people

There are many factors that affect to the awareness of local people such as living

7

area, gender, age, income, education level, and occupation

Descriptive statistic were used to analyze the collected quantitative data, then, draw charts, graphs, frequencies, and percentage

It contains analysis steps:

- Transcribe data (if audio taped)

- Read transcripts

- Highlight quotes and note why important

- Code quotes according to margin nots

- Sort quotes into coded groups (themes)

- Interpret patterns in quotes

- Describe these patterns

Quantitative and qualitative data after coding and analyzing are divided into 3 parts: knowledge, awareness and behavior

4.2.2 SWOT analysis

SWOT tool was used to assess the status of project by strengths, weakness,

opportunities and threats, than propose the methods to reduce the weaknesses and threats

- Step 1: Depending on collected data, I divide into groups: Location, Demographic, Education level, Economy, Participation of local people

- Step 3: List strengths

- Step 4: List weaknesses

- Step 5: List opportunities

- Step 6: List threats

- Step 7: Use the table below to analyze

(Source: Results calculated by author based on data surveyed, 2016)

5 RESULTS 5.1 The description of the respondents

135 respondents participated in the interview, including local people and staffs They were chosen randomly to answer the prepared questions The details of the respondents are shown in the table below

Table 5.1 Descriptions of respondents

Demograph

ic

Respondents Number Percentage

(Source: Results calculated by author based on data surveyed, 2016)

Table 5.2 Assessing the solid waste treatment form of households The solid waste treatment form of households N %

(Source: Results calculated by author based on data surveyed, 2016)

Most of people in the study area signs up to People’s committee for solid waste treatment (85.2%) They pay environmental fee for solid waste collecting services Only 10 people (7.41%) use public wastebasket, 7 people (5.19%) recycle waste and 3 people (2.22%) are freely wasted

The result is divided into 3 main groups: Knowledge, awareness and behavior of local people about solid waste classification that are shown below

In the study, I classify the knowledge into 4 levels: well, medium, weak and unknown People have well knowledge can distinguish organic and inorganic solid waste They also know to use the green – yellow waste bins in the right way In general, the well knowledge people have more than 80% about solid waste classification The second level is medium – including people who have knowledge about solid waste classification about 50% - 80% People in this level basically know about inorganic and organic waste, but they are confused to classify solid waste, neither in using green – yellow waste bins The weak level represents a group of people who have knowledge less than 50% about solid waste classification They difficulty classify either recognize the inorganic – organic waste And the last level is unknown – the group has people who know nothing about solid waste definition and classification

5.2 Knowledge

5.2.1 Knowledge about solid waste classification by gender

57 male and 78 female participated in the interview There are the differences in respondents from different gender The study results are shown in the Table 5.3

Table 5.3 Knowledge about solid waste classification according to gender

Gender Knowledge level about solid waste classification

11

47.4% male participants have well knowledge about solid waste classification while female participants have 21.8% Most of female participants have medium knowledge about this problem (43.6%) The same level medium knowledge in male gender is 24.6 % The weak and unknown rates in 2 genders are not much different (Weak: Male – 19.3 %, Female - 21.8%; Unknown: Male - 8.80%, Female – 12.8%)

According to this result, we can clearly see that the knowledge of male gender is higher than female gender The reason is men have more opportunities to get the information by reading newspaper, participating local meeting than women Women have less time to access news because they have to do housework, take care of children

5.2.2 Knowledge about solid waste classification by age

Age is the factor that affects to the knowledge of people about solid waste classification In total 135 interviewed people, there are 39 people in 13 – 22 years old age group, 29 people in 23 – 40 years old age group, 22 people in 40 – 60 years old and 45 people are more than 60 years old The research result about solid waste classification according to age group is shown in Table 5.4

Table 5.4 Knowledge about solid waste classification according to age group Age group Knowledge level about solid waste classification

12

The age group has the highest knowledge about solid waste classification is group

40 – 60 years old Most of people in this group work for the project and the local authorities

so that they know clearly how to classify solid waste The second are groups 13 – 22 years old and >60 years old These groups gain the information mainly from schools and newspapers, television The lowest knowledge about solid waste classification is group 23 –

39 years old People in this age have to work hard and have no time to learn deeper in solid waste classification

5.2.3 Knowledge about solid waste classification by educational level

One of the factors that directly affect to the knowledge about solid waste classification is educational level In general, the educational level of the participants is high Only 6 people are able to read, write; 11 people with primary education, 16 people with secondary education, 41 people with high school education and 61 people are studying or already have got college/ university degree The results of different educational levels are shown in the Table 5.5

Table 5.5 Knowledge about solid waste classification according to educational level Educational level Knowledge level about solid waste classification

13

As we can see in the result, the knowledge of high school and college/ university education is higher than others with the high percentage of well and medium knowledge about solid waste classification Specifically, high school education has 16 well knowledge people (39.0%), 15 medium knowledge people (36.6%); college/ university has 20 well knowledge people (32.8%) and 24 medium knowledge people (39.3%) The lowest knowledge about solid waste classification is also the lowest educational level is group of people are able to read and write with 0% well knowledge, 0% medium knowledge, 33.3% (2 people) weak knowledge and 66.7% unknown (4 people) People with higher education have more opportunities to get information about solid waste classification than the lower ones They have knowledge in physic, chemistry so they know how to classify the solid waste

5.2.4 Knowledge about solid waste classification by occupation

In 135 respondents, there are 25 people work for the government, 18 people work for the private, 7 people are their own bossiness, 23 housewives, 32 students and 30 people are retired, un-employee The result about solid waste classification according to occupation

is shown in Table 5.6

Table 5.6 Knowledge about solid waste classification according to occupation Occupation

By

Knowledge level about solid waste classification

is own bossiness and private with the percentage of knowledge with just only 14.3% (1 person) and 11.1% (2 people) well knowledge; 44.4% (8 people) and 42.9% (3 people) weak knowledge;11.1% (2 people) and 14.3% (1 person) are unknown, respectively Because own bossiness and private concentrate more on doing business so they do not care much about solid waste as well as its classification

5.3 Awareness

5.3.1 Assessing the quality of solid waste collecting services

According to the question “Which level do you assess about the solid waste

treatment in this area now?”, 135 people have assessed the quality of solid waste

collecting services in

the local area The result is shown in Table 5.7

Table 5.7 Assessing the quality of solid waste collecting services in local area Quality level of solid waste collecting services in local area N %

15

Figure 5.1 The quality of solid waste collecting services in local area

61.5% (83 people) assessed the quality of solid waste collecting services in this area

is very good, 30.4% (41 people) think it is good, 5.93% (8 people) think it is normal No one chose the option “not good” and only 3 people (2.22%) gave no assessment In general, the solid waste collecting services in the study area is good because it is the centre area, which represents for the whole city The environment in this area is more noticed than other areas It is usually cleaned by the Hai Phong urban and environmental company The cleaning activities are concerned by the local people so that most of them can assess the quality of this service

5.3.2 Assessing the important level of solid waste classification by gender

The assessment of 57 male and 78 female about the important level of solid waste classification is shown in Table 5.8

The quality of solid waste collecting

services in local area

2,22%

Very good Good

Not good

No assessment

16

Table 5.8 Assessing the important level of solid waste classification according to gender

Gender Important level of solid waste classification

Very important Important Normal Not important

(Source: Results calculated by author based on data surveyed, 2016)

The result shows that men assess the solid waste classification is more important than women 50.9% (29 men) thought it is very important to classify solid waste while this percentage in women is just 21.8% (17 people) Most of women thought it is important (30.8% - 24 people) and normal (33.3% - 26 people) But in general, solid waste classification

is assessed as important in both genders It shows that most of local people care about classifying solid waste

5.3.3 Assessing the important level of solid waste classification by age

39 people in 13 – 22 years old age group, 29 people in 23 – 40 years old age group, 22 people in 40 – 60 years old and 45 people are more than 60 years old have assessed the important level of solid waste classification during the research The result is shown in the table below

Table 5.9 Assessing the important level of solid waste classification according to

age group

3 Important level of solid waste classification

Very important Important Normal Not important