Fundamental of conservation biology of asarum glabrum in ba vi national park ha noi

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS Title FUNDAMENTAL OF CONSERVATION BIOLOGY OF ASARUM GLABRUM IN BA VI NATIONAL PAR

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY

STUDENT THESIS

Title

FUNDAMENTAL OF CONSERVATION BIOLOGY OF ASARUM GLABRUM IN

BA VI NATIONAL PARK, HA NOI

Major: Natural Resources Management

Code: D7850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management

Student: Lam Tieu Hong Student ID: 1453092346

Class: K59A Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 – 2018

Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA

Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Vu Quang Nam

Dr Tran Minh Tuan

Hanoi, September 2018

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

With all of my respectation and from bottom of my heart, I would like to say thanks to

my honorable supervisor - Assoc Prof Dr Vu Quang Nam who helped me a lot to accomplish my graduation thesis His enthusiasm, caring, and immense knowledge are invaluable motivation for me

Besides that I would like to express my unlimited gratitude to Dr Tuan Tran and all of officers in Ba Vi national park, for their given information which helped me a lot in my research During the study they helped me with all unconditional help and extremely create condition to avail me

Additionally if without my friend’s support I wouldn’t know how can I finish my thesis My interview, field trip, research may not have been accomplished well without their helps whose extremely means to me

The last words I would like to thank to my parents who always facilitate to support, mobilize me with infinite love

If lack of any factors above I am not sure that my thesis whether be completed

Sincerely thank!

ABSTRACT

Nature gives Ba Vi rich ecosystems and diversified vegetation Asarum glabrum is a precious herbal species in Ba Vi National Park Survey results show that Asaurm glabrum has many uses and gives local people a lot of benefits The majority of people collect Asarum glabrum for medicine and sale However, the regeneration capacity of the species in the wild

is poor and people over-exploit it, leading to the serious decline of the species To do this research, I use some main methods: observation method to determine size of trunk, rhizomes, root, leaves, flower, fruit; setting standard plot to investigate the distribution and structure of the forest where the species distribute; investigating the distribution of tree regeneration and their quality Besides that, interviewing local people are also used Interview the local people how to use, exploit, plant in the local Through the process of investigation and data collection, this thesis gives a general overview about phenological, morphological, ecological

characteristics of Asarum glabrum in Ba Vi National Park, Ha Noi Learn some ways to plant and develop species in Ba Vi, that is premise for the conservation of Asarum glabrum in Ba

Vi as well as in Vietnam

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT i

ABSTRACT ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

ABBREVIATION v

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES vii

I INTRODUCTION 1

II GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 8

2.1 Goal 8

2.2 Objectives 8

III METHODOLOGY 9

3.1 Study area 9

3.1.1 Natural condition of Ba Vi National Park 10

3.1.2 Forest resources 15

3.1.3 Social and economic conditions 17

3.2 Field survey and data collection 18

3.2.1 Field survey 18

3.2.2 Data collection 18

3.3 Data processing and analysis 24

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 25

4.1 General introduction 25

4.2 Biological characteristics of Asarum glabrum 25

4.2.1 Morphological and regenerative characteristics 25

4.3 Ecological characteristics of Asarum glabrum 31

4.4 Study the distribution characteristics of Asarum glabrum 35

4.5 Exploitation, using, planting and conservation of Asarum glabrum 36

4.5.1 Situation of exploitation of trees 36

4.5.2 Use situation 36

4.5.3 Planting situation 37

4.6 Analyzing, evaluating, proposing conservation measures 38

4.7 Proposed solutions for conservation and development of Asarum glabrum 38

V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 40

5.1 Conclusion 40

5.2 Recommendation 41

VI REFERENCES 1

VII APPENDICES 3

ABBREVIATION

NP : National Park

IUCN : The International Union for Conservation of Nature

SP : Sample plot/ Standard plot

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Investigating morphological characteristics of Asarum glabrum 20

Table 2 Shade cover, height and forest status in sample plot 20

Table 3 : Distribution network tree regeneration in sample plot 21

Table 4 Characteristics of regenerated tree quality 22

Table 4.1: Morphological characteristics of Asarum glabrum 26

Table 4.2: Shade cover, height and forest status in standard plot 32

Table 4.3: Distribution network tree regeneration in standard plot 33

Table 4.4: Characteristics of regenerated tree quality 34

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Map of Ba Vi National Park, Ba Vi Commune 9

Figure 2 Ba Vi National Park tourist map ……….9

Figure 3 Gate of Ba Vi National Park 9

Figure 4 Standard plot 19

Figure 5 Questionnaire for local people 23

Figure 6 Asarum glabrum 27

Figure 7 Field survey 28

Figure 8 Morphological characteristics of Asarum glabrum 29

Figure 9 Flower and fruit of Asarum glabrum 31

Figure 10 Investigating regeneration tree 35

I INTRODUCTION

The botany have been formed since the appearance of humans in order to live and fight in harmony with nature Humans have used plants for their livelihood (such as plants for food, housing, medicinal plants, essential oils ) In addition to being of great value to humans, plants have a strong positive effect on the environment, animals and a variety of other factors Plants provide a lot of essential necessities for human beings, helping people's lives become better

Environment and nature play a very important role in human life They provide vital human life, such as water, air, land, etc The role of natural resources in human life has been greatly exemplified and undeniably evident However, due to various causes, human beings have been and will be adversely affected by this resource and have caused serious biodiversity loss Many fauna and flora species have been exposed to the threat of extinction, including species that are special and important value in science and human life

Vietnam is one of the centers of biodiversity in the world with rich fauna and flora There are many national parks and nature reserves built to study and preserve and maintain the growth of plant and animal species throughout the country From ancient times people have been constantly exploring, learning and accumulating experience to use the plants next

to themselves to serve for themselves, family, society as well as in all aspects of life living Due to differences in customary practices as well as the knowledge that each region uses different plant species as well as the effect it brings

For the past 20 years, the herbs (research, application and use of herbs) have grown historically, with herbaceous species accounting for the major components of medicines in developing countries and gradually spread throughout the world Humans have struggled to protect their health in the areas of environmental pollution and to reduce stress, to cure diseases with drugs in combination with the body's defense system A revolution has been silently taking place, now about 80 million people around the world have used herbal

medicines (such as Parabour, Artichoke, etc.) to maintain mental health and physical strength The number of people who consulted with herbalists and natural therapists increased More and more scientific evidence suggests that herbal remedies can be as effective as traditional medications, but have fewer side effects Sales of herbal medicines have increased dramatically - about 55% of the total in the United States in 1998 - now many pharmaceutical companies are turning to the trend of producing and trading herbs

The diversity and perfection of some plants combined with therapies is surprising Herbics in medicine and botany are considered as inseparable areas of human activity; the physician is often referred to as the first botanist in human history Western medicine is of interest in most medical schools around the world Although people tend to replace natural herbs with artificial remedies produced in the factory, herbal remedies have so far been of great importance in traditional medicine in many countries is developing (Vo Van Chi, 1997)

In the recent years, under the pressure of population explosion, socio-economic development in which the general resources, as well as the plants in particular, are under serious threat High-value tree species are heavily exploited to serve human uses leading to extinction Low value or valuable plant species, but people who do not know how to use it, are destroyed to make room for other high economic returns such as agriculture and industry

In addition, research into the development of precious plant species also takes a lot of time, money and effort so it may also face the existence and development of natural plants

Following Clause 14, Article 3 of the Forest Protection and Development Law, rare and precious plants are of special economic, scientific and environmental value, of small numbers in nature or in danger of extinction A list of rare forest plant species regulated by the government on management and protection

Investigating, identifying plant species and valuable plant communities for conservation is an important task for plant researchers All species in the Asarum L family

are grass for many years, grow in small clumps in moist places, near the ravine, roadside, under evergreen forest closed Their distribution is only in mountainous areas in Lao Cai, Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Vinh Phuc, Ha Noi, Quang Ninh and Ha Tinh In recent years, Asarum species have been fully exploited for medicine and sold to China In addition, the primary forest is also devastated, the habitat of the species is also shrinking so the diversity of the species has been seriously threatened

Conservation biology is a scientific principle designed to protect species, establish new protected areas, and strengthen national parks It is also important to identify which species on the earth need conservation Conservation biology is a multidisciplinary science that brings together a great many people and knowledge in various fields to overcome the current biodiversity crisis In many ways it can be said that conservation biology is an essential science Conservation decisions are made daily and often with very limited information due to time constraints Biology tries to propose the right solutions to solve

The reasons for plant conservation:

- Serving the current and future use of the elements of biodiversity as well as biological resources

- Serving for the maintenance of the biosphere in a state that can support human life

- Serving for the sake of preserving biology itself for no other reason, especially all the rare plants that are living today

Research situation in the world:

Genus Asarum L is a herbaceous plant in the Aristolochiaceae Juss family, preferring wet areas, shade and rich humus The leaves are usually heart shaped, usually warm flowers, growing in the axillary, in the spring This species is widely distributed in Africa, Europe and Asia, with about 70 species Species in Asarum L usually have very high medical value, used

to treat cough, cold, numbness, indigestion, abdominal pain, intestinal diseases,

Research situation in Vietnam:

Vietnam has a total area of 239,600 km2 of which up to three quarters are hilly Vietnam's forests have the highest biodiversity in the world Scientists estimate that tropical forests in Vietnam contain about 12,000 species of higher plants, of which over 9,000 have been discovered and 23.6% are known to be endemic (Ban, 2003; Chan, 1999) The majority

of endemic species are concentrated in four main areas: Hoang Lien Son mountain area, Ngoc Linh mountain area, Lam Vien plateau in the south and rainforest area in the north of the Central Many local endemic species are found only in very narrow areas with very low numbers In recent years, the risk to biodiversity has increased as natural forests have been destroyed Biological communities that have undergone millions of years of development are being threatened by human activities Many species are rapidly declining, even some of which are at the threshold of extinction that are primarily caused by over-hunting, habitat destruction and the onset and competition of wildlife Alien creatures The natural forest vegetation in our country is severely degraded and cut The remaining patches are the result of fragmentation and are usually limited in size These populations are often vulnerable and less adaptable when habitats are altered, especially under the influence of climate change Plant populations are declining in size Many species are threatened with extinction List of 448 plant species that are subject to red alert (Ministry of Science and Technology 2007, IUCN 2007) Many of these species have high scientific, medical and commercial value Although some species are protected in the nature reserve and the park is still under threat of extinction So far, we have only done research on classification and classification This is very limited in the planning of species conservation strategies, especially rare species The government has had some conservation measures in place and displacement However, due to the lack of understanding

of the mechanisms and causes leading to species extinction, these measures are only temporary and ineffective Endangered species are very large We currently lack information

on genetic diversity at both species and population levels The biological and ecological basis

of species diversity, the potential for evolution, is considered as the key to the survival of species in the present and in the future But research on this area is limited and scattered Some results have shown that, although small populations of high genetic diversity in some species may be involved in reproductive and environmental diversity, fertility However, the results show that adaptation to habitat will be impaired in the near future if we do not have more effective measures to protect and restore species Thus, these research results will be an important scientific basis for the conservation of genetic resources and maintain the evolution

of rare species in our country In order to have a more effective species conservation strategy,

it is necessary to understand the human impacts on species, communities and ecosystems and

to develop approaches to limit the eradication of species and rescuing threatened species by integrating them into ecosystems that are suitable for them

Moc huong nam (Scientific name: Aristolochiaceae), is a family of flowering plants with 5-7 branches and about 400-480 species, according to the latest classification belongs to the Piperales Their typical family is Aristolochia (L.) In some documents on botany in Vietnam, they are called Moc Huong

Asarum L - belongs to the family Aristolochiaceae In the world, this genus contains about

90 species, distributed mainly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the majority of East Asian species, running from Himalayan to mainland China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea National and Sakhalin Islands; in North America and a species in Europe (Asarum europaeum)

According to Pham Hoang Ho (1999) , Nguyen Tien Ban (2003) and Vo Van Chi (2003), Asarum L consists of seven species (A balansae Franch; blumei Duch in A DC, A caudigerum Hance, A glabrum Merr ; A petelotii OC Schmidt; A reticulatum Merr and A wulingense Liang), distributed mainly in northern Vietnam, There are three species listed in the

Vietnam Red Book 2007, A balansae Franch; A caudigerum Hance and A glabrum Merr Nguyen Anh Tuan and others (2012) added Asarum cordifolium to the flora of Vietnam

(Asarum glabrum Merr.) of the Aristolochiaceae family In Vietnam, the Asarum L

has seven species, of which three species are listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam (2007) Asarum is a species of rare genetic origin, listed in the Vietnam Red Book 2007 (Classification: VU A1c, d) and listed in the List of Endangered, No 32/2006 / ND-CP of the Government on restrictions on exploitation and use for commercial purposes

In some mountainous areas of Vietnam, Asarum glabrum species are used as cough,

fever and bronchitis remedies; people use roots and rhizomes to cough and cure sore throats; flowers make tonic

Nature and geographic conditions have made Ba Vi National Park a rich ecosystem of forest and herbs This place is very suitable for the development of herbs of high economic value and familiar with the life of local people In addition to the value of medicine, they are also spices food for local people from many generations now on With the above advantages, the development of herbs is considered a promising way to generate income and improve the quality of life for people associated with sustainable forest protection

Ba Vi National Park is located in 5 districts of Ba Vi, Thach That, Quoc Oai - Hanoi, Luong Son district, Ky Son- Hoa Binh province, far away 60km from the capital Hanoi under Highway 21A, 87 Ba Vi National Park is divided into three functional zones:

- Strict Conservation Zone

- Ecological rehabilitation sub-zone

- Administrative service subdivision

Ba Vi is a mountainous area with low mountains, hills and mountains adjacent to the mountainous region, which looks like a mountain range rising up between the delta and the confluence of the Da River and Red River 20km south In Ba Vi National Park has several peaks

semi-with an altitude of over 1000m as Dinh Vua (1296m), Tan Vien peak (1227m), Ngoc Hoa peak (1131m), Vien Nam peak (1081m) and a lower peak as Hang Hum (776m), Gia De peak (714m)

The Ba Vi mountain range consists of two main stripes The first thunderstorm runs east-west from the Oi stream to the Lat bridge through Tan Vien and Hang Hum peak 9km long The second thunderstorm runs in the direction of West - North - East - South from Yen Son through Tan Vien peak to Quyt Mountain 11km long, then this run continues to Vien Nam

to the Kem slope (Hoa Binh) Ba vi is a mountainous area with high slope, the western slope falls into the Da River, steeper than the northwest and southeast slopes,the average slope area is 250m, the higher the rise the higher the slope , from the the height of 400m and above, the average slope is 350, and there is rocky cliff, so traveling in the park is not favorable

Asarum glabrum is distributed according to the climate belt at a single elevation zone

of the low montane subtropical wet evergreen forest type They are concentrated on the top of some high peaks of Ba Vi National Park which are Vua peak, Tan Vien peak and Ngoc Hoa

peak Asarum glabrum has the lowest elevation at 950 m in the Ngoc Hoa Peak and the highest is 1283m at Vua peak The distribution area of Asarum glabrum at Vua peak, Tan Vien and Ngoc Hoa peak, from 950 m or higher Distribution center of the Asarum glabrum at

the top of Ngoc Hoa from a height of 1100m or more; at the top of Tan Vien from 1150 meters above and the top of Vua peak from 1200 meters or higher

It possesses many important characteristics for science as well as human life and is a high value species because it can develop research and applicate in medicine: roots, rhizomes for cough medicine, cure sore throat; flowers are a tonic, gene sources are relatively rare in Vietnam However, this species has not been extensively investigated for its endemism, ecology, reproduction, as well as conservation research to develop this rare medicinal plant

From practices listed above, I chose the topic FUNDAMENTAL OF CONSERVATION

BIOLOGY OF ASARUM GLABRUM IN BA VI NATIONAL PARK, HA NOI to

improve knowledge, propose the direction of conservation and development of species this promising plant in Ba Vi National Park as well as Vietnam

II GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

2.1 Goal

To provide basic information about the biological and ecological characteristics of

Asarum glabrum - valuable species in Ba Vi National Park, Hanoi as a basis for proposing

solutions to preserve and develop this species in Ba Vi as well as Vietnam in general

- Proposals for preservation and development of Asarum glabrum in Ba Vi National

Park as well as in Vietnam

III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Study area

Figure 1 Map of Ba Vi National Park, Ba Vi Commune

Figure 2 Ba Vi National Park tourist map Figure 3 Gate of Ba Vi National Park

(Source:Google picture)

Natural and social conditions in the study area

3.1.1 Natural condition of Ba Vi National Park

3.1.1.1 Geographical location

Ba Vi national park is located 50km from capital along the Cau Giay – National Highway 32 – Son Tay – Provincial Highway 414 – Ba Vi National Park and 60 km along Lang – Thang Long – Hoa Lac- Cultural village – Ba Vi National Park

Currently, the administrative boundaries of the park are located in 16 communes of 05 districts of Ha Noi and Hoa Binh provinces: Ba Vi, Thach That, Quoc Oai in Hanoi and Luong Son and Ky Son districts in Hoa Binh province

Ba Vi National Park is located in the geographical coordinates:

From 20055 'to 21007' North

From 105018 'to 105030' East

The North is Ba Trai, Ba Vi and Tan Linh communes of Ba Vi district - Hanoi

In the South, there are Phuc Tien and Dan Hoa communes in Ky Son district; Lam Son Commune, Luong Son District, Hoa Binh Province

East of Van Hoa, Yen Bai, Ba Vi district; Yen Trung, Yen Binh, Tien Xuan district, Thach Loi district; Dong Xuan Commune, Quoc Oai District, Ha Noi City and Yen Quang Commune, Ky Son District, Hoa Binh Province

To the west are Minh Quang, Khanh Thuong, Ba Vi district, Hanoi and Phu Minh commune, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh province

3.1.1.2 Topographic

Ba Vi is a mountainous area with low mountains, hills and mountains adjacent to the semi-mountainous region, which can be considered as a mountainous region in the middle of the plain, just 30 km from the confluence of Da and Hong rivers Southwards

The highest peaks are Vua peak (1,296 m), Tuyen Vien peak (1,227 m), Ngoc Hoa peak (1,131 m), Vien Nam peak (1,012 m) There are also peaks such as Hang Hum Peak (776 m), Gia De Peak (714 m)

The Ba Vi massif consists of two main stripes:

- The east-west thunderstorm from Oi stream to Cau Lat through Tan Vien and Hang Hum 9 km long

- The north-south thunderstorm from Yen Son through Tan Vien to Quyt Mountain is

11 km long and then proceeds to Vien Nam Mountain on the Kem slope

Ba Vi is generally a steep mountain region, with the western slopes dipping into the

Da River, steeply sloping over the northwest and southeast slopes, the average slope of the area is 250, the steepest slope rising, the height of 400 m and above, the average slope is 350and the cliff faces Transportation in park is not convenient

- eruption, sedimentary rock, loose rock :

Alkaline and neutral metamorphic rocks (diorite, poocphyrite);

+ Sedimentary rocks, sedimentary rocks - eruptions (sandstone, conglomerate, claystone) distributed scattered, there are at the top of Tan Vien, Dinh Vua ;

+ Metamorphic rocks (crystalline shale, gypsum, gnai, quartzite) are distributed into the strip in Da Chong, Ngoi Lat, eastern flank, Dong Vong area, Sang village ;

+ Limestone (limestone, dolomite) is distributed in Che Mountain, Mit village, Ma stream, Quyt village ;

- Regarding soil, the main soil of the Ba Vi mountain range is sandstone and sandstone with main types of soil: yellow Feralit; Yellowish-brown feralite grows on clay, sandstone; Red-yellowed feralite grows on clay, sandstone, mica and sedimentary rocks; Alluvial soil

+ Yellowish humus feralit soil is distributed on the alkaline and neutral magma, light yellow, humus is thick, medium to medium layer suitable for coniferous forest

+ Yellowish brown feralite: distributed in elevation below 700m, developed on alkaline and neutral magma with different mother rocks, yellow red, brownish yellow, reddish brown , humus layer, floor The soil is thin to thick, suitable for many forest species

+ The combination of valleys consists of alluvium, old alluvium, flats, floods suitable for agricultural crops

The hot season is from April to November, the average temperature is 26.00 C The cold season from December to March next year, the average temperature in the cold season is 17.90 C

b Moisture regime

Ba Vi has two distinct seasons: the hot and humid season (March to November), the dry season (mid-November to mid-March next year) At 400 m altitude above there is almost no dry season

mid-Based on the classification of thermal moisture (Thai Van Trung) Ba Vi National Park

is classified as moisture to moisture

c Rain regime

Annual rainfall is relatively large, unevenly distributed across regions The high mountains and eastern slopes rains a lot 2,500 mm / year The area around the foot of the mountain has moderate rainfall of 1,731.4 mm / yr The eastern part of the country is more rainfed than the western one The number of rainy days at the foot of Ba Vi mountain is relatively high from 130 to 150 days / year At cost 400 m, the number of rain days is quite large from 169 to 201 days / year on average 189 days / year

Seasonal rainfall distribution in the year, occurring unevenly Every year the rotation

of a large rainy season and a period of little rain During the rainy season monthly rainfall is greater than 1,000 mm The rainy season lasts 6 months from May to October at the foot of the mountain and 8 months from March to October from coste 400 meters or more This rainfall accounts for more than 90% at the foot of the mountain and 89% at the 400 m annual rainfall of the year Heavy rains from 300-400 mm / month are concentrated in June, July, August at the foot of the mountain and in June, July, August, September at 400 m Low rainfall lasts from November to April next year at the foot of the mountain and from November to February next year at coste 400 m

3.1.1.5 Hydrological regime

Ba Vi Mountain has Da River flowing along the western side from Ky Son district to

Ba Vi district The highest annual river water level is less than 20 m and the lowest is 7.7 m (1971) compared to sea level

Ba Vi National Park almost no large stream, most of the streams are small and steep The streams of the streams originate from Ba Vi Mountain and Vien Nam Mountain In the rainy season, large amounts of water flow to fill rocky land and fill many fields near the foot

of the mountain, breaking down many dams of small hydroelectric stations Dry season, very few streams, often dry The main streams include: Cai stream, Mit stream, Ninh stream, Trai Khoai stream, Yen Cu stream, Bom stream, Ngoi Lat,…

In the area there are many natural lakes and artificial lakes such as Dong Mo - Ngai Son, Hooc Cua, Suoi Hai, Suoi Oi, Xuan Khanh, Da Chong, Minh Quang, Suoi Mit lake, Che lake and Phu Minh lake, Dong Bai lake

3.1.1.6 Other factors

a Air humidity

Air humidity increases with elevation Especially, at altitude of 1,000 m, humidity is almost humid all year round (92.0%), highest in spring and spring (January - April) This is a good condition for plants to grow well

b Hot and dry west wind

Every year in May, June and July, there are often dry and hot dry winters with sunshine This wind has a great influence on crops, and is a time of fire forest These three months averaged between 15 and 18 days of hot dry temperatures with temperatures above

350 C and relative humidity below 50%

The vegetation cover in Ba Vi National Park consists of three main types:

- Type of evergreen broad-leaved forest, low humid tropical low mountain (distributed mainly on Vua peak, Tan Vien peak)

- Tropical evergreen tropical rainforest type (distributed mainly at the height of 900m around Ba Vi mountain slope)

700 Low mountainous humid tropical rain forest (scattered throughout Ba Vi Mountain and Vien Nam Mountain) consists of secondary forest, mixed secondary forest, bamboo forest and planted forest

Ba Vi and Vien Nam moutain have tropical and subtropical climate belts at altitudes from 100-1.296m, so they have quite rich forest vegetation, both tropical and subtropical plants tropic

3.1.2.2 Flora of the forest

According to documents from the "Indochinese flora" of the French botanist Lecomte (1886 - 1891), according to the list of many botanists in and outside the country collected samples, study the flora of Ba Vi area Along with the initial survey of the flora of the University of Forestry, there are about 812 species of woody plants belonging to 472 genera and 99 families

According to the list of plants collected and supplemented in 2008, up to now, there are 1,209 species, 649 genera, 160 families,

Composition of the flora: There are 34 species listed in the Red List:

Bach xanh, Thong tre, Phi ba mui, Sam bong and 49 species are endemic: Ca lo Ba

Vi, Mua Ba Vi, Boi loi, Xuong ca, Thu hai duong , 185 species are used for wood and 668 species used as medicine

3.1.2.3 Vertebrate system

In 1962, the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute reported that there were 44 species of mammals, 115 species of birds, 11 species of reptiles, 8 species of amphibians, of which 24 species were rare

In 1993, the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources conducted a survey of 35 species of mammals, 113 species of birds, 49 species of reptiles, 27 species of amphibians and

87 species of insects

In 2002, there were 44 species of mammals, 115 species of birds, 49 species of reptiles and 27 species of amphibians in the area of extension of the park (belonging to Hoa Binh province) of Vietnam National University of Forestry

In 2008, the latest data show 63 species of mammals, 191 species of birds, 61 species

of reptiles and 27 species of amphibians

There are 66 rare species such as: Leopard, Son Duong, Cu li lon, Cay van, Ga loi, Du

di phuong dong,…

3.1.2.4 Insect system

According to the survey, 552 species of insects belonging to 65 families of 14 families were identified There are seven species listed in the Red Book of Vietnam: Buom phuong, Buom duoi kiem, Ca cuong

3.1.3 Social and economic conditions

Ba Vi National Park is located on the administrative territory of 16 communes in 5 districts of Hanoi and Hoa Binh provinces Hanoi has Ba Vi district (Tan Linh, Ba Trai, Yen Bai, Van Hoa, Minh Quang, Khanh Thuong); Thach That district (Yen Binh, Yen Trung, Tien Xuan) and Quoc Oai district (Dong Xuan commune) Hoa Binh district includes Ky Son (Yen Quang, Dan Hoa, Phuc Tien, Phu Minh) and Luong Son district (Lam Son commune)

The total area of 16 communes in the buffer zone is about 35,000 ha The population

is about 90,000 people The main ethnic groups are Kinh, Muong, Dao and Thai

- The Dao community has a population of nearly 2,000 people, distributed in 3 villages: Hop Nhat, So and Yen Son in Ba Vi commune Dao people in the area have traditionally collected and sold drugs from long time More than 90% of households are able

to use medicinal plants for treatment and for sale Approximately 40% of the population in the commune live on medicinal plants with primary source of medicinal plants collected from Ba

Vi National Park

At present, Yen Son village in Ba Vi commune has been certified as a medicinal cooperative village Therefore, the exploitation of medicinal plants in Ba Vi mountain and surrounding areas has been strengthened

- The Muong community has a population of about 25,600 people and communes in the buffer zone Muong people have lived in this area for a long time However, those who are able to use medicinal plants are not much, mainly for family use and healing for their acquaintances Families living in medicine do not much as the Dao

In general, socio-economic conditions in the area have not developed yet, life is still difficult, farming is the main The educational level in the area is still low Backward farming practices, shifting cultivation to live Local people have a great influence on the management and protection of Ba Vi NP in general and medicinal plants in particular

3.2 Field survey and data collection

3.2.1 Field survey

This field survey was conducted in Ba Vi national park and 10 communes in the buffer zone Surveys aimed to find information on basic biological and ecological characteristics Investigating the distribution, reserves, biological characteristics, ecology of

Asarum glabrum

3.2.2 Data collection

3.2.2.1 General research methods

- Inheritance method: Inheritance based on selection of research results related to priority conservation species, such as hybrids, morphological characteristics, regeneration, propagation, plantation and ecology of species Inherited materials on social and natural conditions, hydrographical climate, soil topography, vegetation cover in the study area

- Field survey method: survey, the establishment of standard temporary samplers, the collection of data / materials related to the contents of the dissertation

- Application of statistical processing software EXCEL, SPSS, to synthesize and evaluate the results of the investigation

3.2.2.2 Specific investigation methods

* Preparation

- Prepare tools: measuring tapes, compass, nylon tape, callipers, camera, laptop, GPS ;

- Prepare personal tools need for the field trip to research;

- Prepare document and maps related to natural conditions, social, economic in Ba Vi NP;

- Collect the documentaries that related to the species Asarum glabrum

a Preliminary survey

Proceed on the map of the area to be investigated:

- Identify research areas where Asarum glabrum species distribution

- Identify and expand the online preliminary investigation as to ensure passing the forest types represented, where the study species distribution

b Detailed investigation

i Morphological and phenological characteristics : Use the observation method to describe the direct object of choice and representation and combined with comparison method, compare with existing documents

- Observation, morphological description and size determination of stem, bark,

branching, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and roots of Asarum glabrum The results are written

in the corresponding form

- Field observation, description and monitoring method: Visual visibility is directly observed during the fieldwork Notice the change of parts (branches, buds, flowers, fruits) of the species

- Standard plot survey on species of conservation research is arranged along the survey lines, are located in the typical location, when encountered subjects should be marked and carried out standard plot The forest status in the survey plot is relatively homogeneous Area of 500m2 size is 20m x 25m

Method of setting up standard plot: Using the area, tape measure and the method of linearization to determine the boundary standard plot

25m

20m

Figure 4 Standard plot