Introduction
In today's world, people are seeking ways to enhance their lives through travel, aiming to relax and alleviate daily stress This desire to connect with nature, breathe fresh air, and expand their knowledge has led to a growing demand for ecotourism.
Ecotourism is an emerging concept focused on responsible travel that conserves the environment and supports local communities According to The International Ecotourism Society (TIES, 2015), it emphasizes education for both staff and guests Key principles include minimizing impacts, fostering environmental and cultural awareness, ensuring positive experiences for visitors and hosts, and generating financial benefits for conservation and local economies Additionally, it aims to provide meaningful interpretative experiences that enhance visitors' understanding of the host country's socio-political and environmental context, while promoting low-impact facilities and respecting Indigenous rights and beliefs through collaborative empowerment efforts (TIES, 1990).
Vietnam boasts rich biodiversity, making it a significant draw for tourism However, ecotourism in the country's protected areas and national parks, including Ba Vi National Park, is still in its early stages of development.
Ba Vi National Park, located approximately 50 km west of Hanoi, is centered around Mount Ba Vi, featuring three prominent summits: Dinh Vua, the highest at 1,296m, Tan Vien at 1,226m, and Ngoc Hoa at 1,131m These peaks create a distinctive three-humped crest, often shrouded in clouds, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding tropical forests and expansive vistas extending all the way to Hanoi.
Ba Vi National Park, home to the picturesque Da River and numerous streams, draws a significant number of tourists annually with its stunning landscapes, historical monuments, and cascading waterfalls The park boasts rich biodiversity, featuring a variety of flora and fauna, including many endemic and endangered species listed in Vietnam's Red Data Book.
Tourists are essential to ecotourism projects, with Ba Vi National Park experiencing a notable increase in visitors, reaching nearly 150,000 in 2014—a 6.9% rise from the previous year However, this surge in tourism poses significant threats to the park's flora and fauna, including noise pollution, littering, illegal wildlife trade, and habitat degradation due to unregulated activities Consequently, vital natural resources are at risk, prompting the need for urgent attention to the impacts of ecotourism on conservation efforts It is crucial for researchers to propose effective solutions and strategies for sustainable ecotourism development that safeguard the park's ecological integrity.
Because of the problems mentioned above, I decided to choose the topic:
“Evaluating the effects of ecotourism on flora and fauna in Ba Vi national park, Ha Noi” to contribute development of ecotourism at the same time flora and fauna protection
Goals and Objectives
Goals
Contributing to conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of ecotourism in Ba Vi national park, Ha Noi.
Objectives
The specific objectives of the research are:
1 to evaluate current ecotourism potential and exploitation in Ba Vi national park
2 to evaluate the effects of ecotourism on flora and fauna in Ba Vi national park
3 to suggest some solutions for sustainable management of ecotourism in Ba Vi national park
Methods
Study area
Ba Vi National Park, established on December 18, 1991, is located about 50 km west of Hanoi, centered around the isolated Mount Ba Vi This area, which spans 10,855 hectares, shares borders with two districts in Hoa Binh Province and is situated at coordinates 20° 55' - 21° 07' north latitude and 105° 18' - 105° 30' east longitude The park provides a refreshing escape from urban life, characterized by cool mountain air and a mystical backdrop of clouds, jungle, and tropical rainforest The natural forests at Ba Vi are primarily found at elevations above 600 meters and include lowland evergreen, lower montane evergreen, and mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests.
Ba Vi National Park is a biodiversity hotspot, home to numerous endemic and endangered species It boasts 1,201 vascular plant species, including unique discoveries like Ixora balansae, Litsea baviensis, and Lasianthus langkokensis Additionally, 21 rare plants listed in Vietnam's Red Data Book, such as Calocedrus macrolepis, Madhuca pasquieri, and Magliatia dandyi, can be found within its forests.
Ba Vi National Park serves as a vital source of forest products for local communities, with medicinal plant collection being a significant economic activity The park is home to 342 species of fauna, including 63 mammals, 191 birds, 61 reptiles, and 27 amphibians Notably, it features two endemic species, Tropidophous baviensis and Chaparana delacouri, along with 66 rare species such as Chrotogale owstoni, Artictis binturong, and Prionodon pardicolor.
Ba Vi national park also plays important contribution to conservation, natural resources restoration, historical monument, research and tourism
Figure 3.1: Locations of study area
Data collection
Surveys were carried out across four tourism transects in Tan Linh Commune, situated in Ba Vi district These transects traverse a forest abundant in diverse flora and fauna, attracting numerous tourists.
All transects are determined on the map (Figure 4.2)
The equipment that I need to take my survey include: survey questionnaires, notebook, pen, cameras, map and recorder
To accurately assess the impact of ecotourism on the flora and fauna of Ba Vi National Park, participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques were utilized This effective method enables a thorough investigation of ecotourism in the field By gathering firsthand information through observation, listening, and engaging with both tourists and local residents, the study aims to provide an objective evaluation of the findings.
There are 3 steps to carry out the PRA methods:
First: Identify subjects and contents of investigation The thesis is investigated with
2 main subjects are managers, tourists (Domestic and Foreign tourists)
Second: select survey methods People will be interviewed through conversation
Interview questions based on basic outline or survey questionnaires with the system of multiple –choice questions and open-ended questions
Third, after collecting data, statistically analyze the outcome data and various indexes Time for survey is also conducted randomly Therefore, the information is received diversified and objective
There are many different approaches to conduct interview
Table 3.1: The component of managers interviewed
Managers were interviewed by semi-structure interview based on prepared contents
A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 100 tourists, comprising 70 domestic and 30 foreign visitors The selection of participants was conducted randomly, ultimately resulting in interviews with 70 domestic tourists and 10 foreign tourists.
Table 3.2: The structure of tourists by questionnaire
Age From 16 to 55 years old
(Questionnaires are in the appendices)
Analysis data
Using Microsoft Excel, data from interviews and survey questionnaires were analyzed to provide statistical insights into the personal information of tourists, including age, sex, and nationality The analysis also covered essential tourist indicators such as destination information and tour objectives Additionally, it involved calculating averages and percentages of activities, evaluating daily visitor density, and assessing tourists' awareness of the impact of ecotourism on the flora and fauna in Ba Vi National Park.
Using „SWOT analysis methods‟ to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of ecotourism in Ba Vi national park
Results and discussions
Current ecotourism activities in Ba Vi national park
The main road linking Highway 87 to Coste 1100 spans 13.7 kilometers and is paved with asphalt, ensuring smooth travel Additionally, the park features 7.7 kilometers of concrete pathways, enhancing accessibility Overall, the road systems are well-maintained, making travel convenient for visitors.
Ba Vi national park has high- voltage and transformer station which supplies for head office, collective zone, forest protection department, resort in Coste 400, flora garden and local people
The park is equipped with mobile phone network coverage; however, as visitors venture deeper into the forest, they lose phone service Tourists can enjoy free internet access in the Coste 400 area due to the installation of wireless connectivity.
Ba Vi national park has 3 restaurants, 1 swimming pool, 1 tennis yard, 1 souvenir shop, 1 house on stilts, 3 guest houses, 2 car park, 1 conference room with capacity of 300 people
Figure 4.1: Organizational Structure of Ba Vi national park
Figure 4.2: Ecotourism routes in Ba Vi national park
(Source: Environment Education & Services Center, 2015)
Route 2: Ho Chi Minh president temple- Bao Thien tower
Route 3: Tan Vien pagoda – Medium temple
Route 6: French period summer camping
Route 7: The old church- Charity- school
Route 8: French period political prison
Route 11: White stone wall- Old bear cave
Route 12: Old green cypress populations- Tieu dong peak
In recent years, the influence of tourists has increased rapidly However, it could be threat of national park because pressure on natural resources is rising
Table 4.1: Number of tourist from 2011 to 2014 in Ba Vi national park
(Source: Environment Education & Services Center)
The table shows the total number of tourist in Ba Vi national park from 2011 to
2014 and the percentages of Foreign tourists and Domestic tourists
Figure 4.3: Number of tourist from 2011 to 2014 in Ba Vi national park
The annual growth in tourist numbers has been notable, with a significant rise in the percentage of foreign visitors; however, this figure remains relatively low compared to domestic tourists, accounting for only about 1% to 2% of the total.
Urbanization issues have led to an increase in visitors seeking natural escapes, as rapid development often results in air and noise pollution These serene locations, surrounded by nature and fresh air, provide ideal settings for relaxation and rejuvenation Ecotourism plays a vital role in raising awareness about the importance of natural resources and cultural heritage Additionally, Ba Vi National Park offers a unique opportunity for spiritual tourism, allowing visitors to connect with traditional religious values and historical heritage Tourists are drawn to activities such as camping, studying, and spiritual exploration, with popular destinations including Coste 400, the Upper Temple, Ho Chi Minh President Temple, and French period ruins.
Ecotourism in Ba Vi National Park peaks during two main seasons: the Tet holidays and the period from February to April These times are considered especially auspicious, attracting visitors seeking to experience the park's natural beauty and cultural significance.
During the two-month period, visitors flock to Upper Temple, Ho Chi Minh President Temple, and various pagodas to pray for safety and explore the natural beauty of the area Most tourists stay for just a day, with a notable peak in visitation from June to September, coinciding with summer vacations This season attracts primarily young travelers seeking destinations for sightseeing, relaxation, and research.
Effects of ecotourism on flora and fauna in Ba Vi national park
The initial stages of tourism development often result in minimal resource use, leading to less impact on natural resources However, excessive tourism development without proper conservation efforts can harm these resources significantly This issue is particularly evident in Vietnam's protected areas and national parks, such as Ba Vi National Park, where tourism activities have begun to threaten the integrity of the environment.
In this thesis, there are two kinds of subjects: domestic tourists and foreign tourists Tourists were interviewed by answering questionnaire in appendices
* The structure of tourist by questionnaire
Table 4.2: Nationality structure of tourist by questionnaire
80 visitors were interviewed by questionnaire There were 70 domestic visitors (87.5% of total interviewee) and 10 foreign visitors (12% of total interviewee) Among
13 visitors interviewed, there were 49 males (61.25% of total interviewee) and 31 females (38.75% of total interviewee) The results are shown on table 4.3
Table 4.3: Age and sex distribution of tourist
Number Male Female Number Male Female
The table presents the distribution of males and females across various age groups by nationality, highlighting differing interview rates for each segment The highest interview rate is observed in the 16 to 25 age group at 61.25%, followed by 36 to 45 years at 16.25%, and 26 to 35 years at 13.75% The lowest interview rate is recorded in the 46 to 55 age group, which stands at 8.75% These findings are illustrated in Figures 4.4 below.
Figure 4.4: Age group distribution of tourists
* Sources of information let tourists know about Ba Vi national park
Table 4.4: Sources of information let tourists know about Ba Vi national park
Tourists primarily discover Ba Vi National Park through personal recommendations, with 72.5% learning about it from friends or relatives Other sources, including tourism companies, advertising, and the internet, play a minimal role in attracting visitors To enhance tourist attraction, destination countries must implement effective communication strategies to promote their offerings.
* The purpose of tourism trip
Visitors came to Ba Vi national park with different purposes The results are shown on the table 4.6
Table 4.5: The purpose of tourism trip
Purpose Relax Sightseeing Spiritual tourism
In fact, the most crowded visitor route is spiritual tourism such as Upper temple,
The Ho Chi Minh President Temple attracts numerous visitors, with popular sightseeing spots including Coste 400, a summer camping site from the French colonial era, the old church, and Coste 1100 Most tourists prefer to explore in small groups of 2 to 5, while student groups typically consist of 20 to 30 individuals Interestingly, many tourists opt for spontaneous travel without pre-booking tours or requiring a tour guide, embracing a natural and unstructured tourism experience.
4.2.2 Evaluating the awareness of tourists about the effects of ecotourism to Ba Vi national park
* Evaluating the tourist density during the day in Ba Vi national park
Assessing daily tourist density in Ba Vi National Park is crucial for understanding the impact of ecotourism on local flora and fauna Increased tourist density can negatively affect the ecosystem, while lower density may have less harmful effects The findings regarding tourists' perceptions of daily density are illustrated in the table below.
Table 4.6: The tourist density during the day
Tourist density during the day
Tourist concentration levels vary across different areas, graded from 1 (not at all crowded) to 5 (extremely crowded) After assessing each level, the average tourist density was calculated to be 3.11, indicating that the overall crowding during the day is moderately crowded.
* Evaluating tourist’s awareness about the influence level of ecotourism activities on conservation of flora and fauna in Ba Vi national park
Evaluating tourists' awareness of flora and fauna conservation is crucial for assessing the impact of ecotourism on these ecosystems The findings from the survey, detailed in Table 4.8, illustrate the level of understanding among visitors regarding conservation efforts.
Table 4.7: Awareness of tourists about influence level of ecotourism activities
Walking on grass, plant, breaking branch 27 38 11 4 0.90
Buying souvenir of forest products 25 22 25 8 1.20
The average grade of each activity indicates its impact on the conservation of flora and fauna; a higher average grade signifies a greater negative effect on these resources, while a lower grade suggests less impact.
Through the table 4.8, the awareness of tourists about influence level of ecotourism activities on conservation of flora and fauna is limit Almost activities were evaluated from
„Not at all effect‟ to „Slightly effect‟
Tourist activities that had a negligible impact, with an average grade below 1, include tree and stone carving (0.25), illegal wildlife trade (0.43), exploitation of forest products (0.56), campfires (0.60), walking on grass and plants or breaking branches (0.90), and building infrastructures (0.96).
Activities were affected in „Slightly effect‟ (1< Average grade < 2) by tourists includes: Eating forest products (1.06); Buying souvenir of forest products (1.20); Littering (1.24); Noise (1.56)
Reports from Ba Vi National Park indicate significant environmental issues caused by tourism, including noise pollution, littering, and infrastructure development Tourists have been observed leaving behind nylon bags, bottles, paper, and tin cans, which detrimentally affect the park's landscape Additionally, smoke from campfires compromises air quality and poses health risks to wildlife, while careless campfire use is a leading cause of forest fires Infrastructure projects, such as a new guesthouse built in 2015, alter the terrain and disrupt vegetation cover, while noise from machinery and vehicles impacts local fauna The construction of roads has made it easier for communities to exploit natural resources, leading to illegal hunting and harvesting of plants Visitors often indulge in local forest products, such as wild boar and bamboo, and sometimes collect orchids and branches as souvenirs Despite these challenges, efforts to protect the forest and promote ecotourism can attract tourists and create business opportunities.
Tourists reported minimal wildlife sightings in Ba Vi National Park, with only a few birds and insects observed The absence of a designated fauna protection area has restricted animal visibility, indicating that their habitats have been significantly reduced Consequently, these animals are now primarily found in the deeper parts of the forest, where human impact is minimal.
* Frequency of participation in tourism activities in Ba Vi national park
Table 4.8: Frequency of participation in tourism activities
Walking on grass, plant, breaking branch 69 11 0.14 14
Buying souvenir of forest products 53 27 0.34 34
The table illustrates tourist participation in various activities, highlighting the average frequency and percentage of involvement The top four activities favored by tourists include Making Noise at 41%, Buying Souvenirs of Forest Products at 34%, Eating Forest Products at 18%, and Campfire activities at 16% Notably, Illegal Wildlife Trade saw no participation, registering a 0% involvement rate.
* Some pictures show the negative effects of ecotourism activities on flora and fauna in Ba Vi national park
1: Building guest-house 2: Sale medicine, bamboo, honey
3: Campfires in Coste 400 4: Lighting fire in forest
20 5: Community collected bamboo shoot 6: Building new tourism routes
7: Littering 8: Drawing, Carving on stone
* Evaluating awareness of tourists about the positive and negative effects of ecotourism
Ecotourism development has significantly benefited national parks and surrounding communities by raising awareness, enhancing economic and social conditions, and contributing to the conservation of local flora and fauna However, it also poses challenges, including biodiversity degradation, environmental pollution, and landscape damage.
Table 4.9: Evaluating the positive and negative effects of ecotourism
Raising awareness about flora, fauna conservation 2 11 38 29 2.18
Contribution for flora, fauna protection 4 15 29 32 2.11
Each effect was divided into 4 levels from „Not at all effect‟ to „Slightly effect‟ to
Ecotourism has been shown to have positive impacts on the economic and social aspects of communities, as well as on the conservation of flora and fauna Tourists rated the positive effects as "Moderately effective," with an average score above 2, highlighting the preservation of traditional culture (2.24), increased awareness of flora and fauna conservation (2.18), and contributions to the protection of these natural resources (2.11) Additionally, some effects were rated as "Slightly effective," including raising income (1.9) and job creation (1.85) However, ecotourism also has negative aspects, such as environmental pollution, which was rated as "Slightly effective" (1.11), while its impact on flora and fauna degradation was minimal (0.79).
4.2.3 Difference between nationalities about evaluation of the effects of ecotourism on flora and fauna
* Evaluating awareness of tourists about the impact level of ecotourism activities on flora and fauna based on nationality
Table 4.10: Awareness of tourists based on nationality
Walking on grass, plant, breaking branch 2.10 0.73 +1.37
Buying souvenir of forest products 1.70 1.13 +0.57
The table illustrates the activities of tourists and the ratings given by both foreign and domestic visitors Notably, foreign visitors assigned higher grades than their domestic counterparts, indicating a significant difference in evaluation Additionally, the activities of foreign visitors were notably influenced by various factors.
Suggest some solutions for sustainable management of ecotourism in Ba Vi national park
Solutions were brought out based on analysis, summary opinion of tourists through interview Solutions were divided into three groups: Tourist, community and manager
Tourists are urged to refrain from consuming or purchasing forest products to promote the conservation of flora and fauna Raising awareness about environmental protection is crucial before visiting national parks, which can be achieved through effective public relations programs Additionally, placing rule and guideline signs at tourist sites is essential, along with establishing management regulations to ensure responsible tourism practices.
The historical and cultural background of local communities plays a crucial role in attracting tourists, as their active participation not only benefits them but also enhances the quality of tourism and aids in environmental conservation To engage these communities in the preservation of flora and fauna, Ba Vi National Park must educate them on the importance of banning hunting and the exploitation of forest resources Encouraging community involvement in training and awareness programs about forest protection is essential Additionally, local residents can find employment opportunities within the park or tourism companies, while those who have been entrusted with forest plots by the national park are responsible for safeguarding these areas.
Ba Vi National Park should prioritize hiring skilled and experienced staff, ensuring they receive regular training A comprehensive development plan for ecotourism and conservation must be established and implemented Infrastructure improvements, including expanding guest houses, meeting rooms, parking areas, and roads, are essential Additionally, creating a new ecotourism route that incorporates scientific research, such as visits to Podocarpus annamiensis and Calocedrus macrolepis, is highly recommended Promoting the national park effectively will enhance its visibility and attract more visitors.
27 park was weak, so the park should build more promote programs on public media or internet Forest rangers enhance inspection to detect misconducts
Conclusions
Ba Vi National Park offers significant opportunities for ecotourism development, drawing numerous visitors annually However, the influx of foreign tourists remains low Travelers are primarily attracted to the park for spiritual experiences, relaxation, sightseeing, and educational purposes.
In recent years, the rise in tourist activities has increasingly threatened the flora and fauna in the park Key impacts of ecotourism include the exploitation and trade of forest products, the construction of infrastructure, littering, and noise pollution.
A survey conducted with 80 tourists aged 16 to 55 revealed that 70 were domestic visitors and 10 were foreign The group comprised 49 males and 31 females Findings indicated that tourists had limited awareness of the impact of ecotourism activities on the conservation of flora and fauna.
Foreign tourists demonstrate a higher awareness of the impacts of ecotourism on flora and fauna compared to domestic tourists, leading to less participation in activities that affect natural resources While both groups acknowledge the positive effects of ecotourism similarly, foreign visitors exhibit a greater understanding of its negative consequences than their domestic counterparts.
The thesis outlines three key solution groups aimed at enhancing the conservation of flora and fauna while promoting sustainable ecotourism management in Ba Vi National Park These groups include tourists, the local community, and park managers, each playing a vital role in the preservation and sustainable use of the park's natural resources.
Appendices
To whom it may concern!
As a student at Vietnam Forestry University, I am conducting my graduate thesis on the impact of ecotourism on the flora and fauna of Ba Vi National Park in Hanoi I kindly request your assistance in completing the survey questionnaire below The findings will solely be used for research purposes and to promote sustainable ecotourism development Your cooperation is greatly appreciated.
2/ How did you get information about Ba Vi national park?
3/ How many times have you visited Ba Vi national park?
4/ What was the aim of your holidays in Ba Vi national park?
5/ Did you feel crowded by the number of people on the national park today?
6/ Did you see the tourism phenomenon?
Did you take part in those activities?
Not at all Slightly Moderately Extremely Yes No
Walking on grass, plant, breaking branch
Buying souvenir of forest products
7/ What do you think the effects of ecotourism in the Ba Vi national park?
Not at all Slightly Moderately Extremely
Raising awareness about flora, fauna conservation
Contribution for flora, fauna protection
Thank you for your help and support!
2 List of Rare plant in Ba Vi national park
(According Vietnam Red data book – 2007)
No Vietnamese name Scientific name Family
1 Cốt toái bổ Drynaria fortunei Thuỷ long cốt Polypodiaceae
3 Tế tân ba vì Asarum balansae Mã đâu linh Aristolochiaceae
4 Quỉ cữu bắc bộ Podophyllum tonkinense
5 Táu n-ớc Vatica subglabra Dầu Dipterocarpaceae
6 Sến mật Madhuca pasquieri Hồng xiêm Sapotaceae
1 Lăng thác việt nam Goniothalamus vietnamensis
3 Vù h-ơng (Gù h-ơng) Cinnamomum balansae Nguyệt quế Lauraceae
4 Tế tân ba vì Asarum balansae Mã đâu linh Aristolochiaceae
5 Thổ tế tân Asarum caudigerum Mã đâu linh Aristolochiaceae
6 Tế tân nhẵn Asarum glabrum Mã đâu linh Aristolochiaceae
7 Dòm (Nhòm) Stephania dielsiana Phòng kỷ Menispermaceae
8 Thanh ng-u đảm Tinospora sagitta Phòng kỷ Menispermaceae
9 Cà ổi sa pa Castanopsis lecomtei Cử Fagaceae
10 Cà ôi ô vuông (Cà ôi lá da)
11 Sồi lá mác Lithocarpus balansae Cử Fagaceae
12 Giẻ đĩa Quercus platycalyx Cử Fagaceae
13 Hạp tử thảo Actinostemma tenerum
14 Trọng đũa dã sinh (Khôi) Ardisia silvestris Đơn nem Myrsinaceae
15 Trám đen Canarium pimela Cảm lãm Burseraceae
16 Géi nÕp Aglaia spectabilis Xoan Meliaceae
17 Sắng Melientha suavis Sơn cam Opiliaceae
18 Mộc vệ lá choắt Taxillus gracilifolius Tầm gửi Loranthaceae
19 Mã tiền lông Strychnos ignatii Mã tiền Loganiaceae
20 Ba gạc luân sinh Rauvolfia verticillata Trúc đào Apocynaceae
22 §inh mËt (§inh) Markhamia stipulata var.Kerrii
23 Lõi thọ hoa chùm Gmelina racemosa Cỏ roi ngựa Verbenaceae
24 Đảng sâm xê - lép Codonopsis celebica Hoa chuông Campanulaceae
25 Đảng sâm Codonopsis javanica Hoa chuông Campanulaceae
26 Trúc căn thất lá dài Disporopsis longifolia Ngọc linh Convallariaceae
27 Tiễn căn thự lá nguyên Tacca integrifolia Tiễn căn thự Taccaceae
28 Đài thảo ba vì Carex bavicola Raym Cói Cyperaceae
3 List of fauna in Ba Vi national park
(According Vietnam Red data book – 2007)
No Scientific name Vietnamese name Distribute
I INSECTIVORA BỘ ĂN SÂU BỌ
3 Suncus murinus Chuột cù lìa 1
II SCANDENTA BỘ NHIỀU RĂNG
5 Rousettus leschenaulti Dơi Ngực nâu 1
6 Cynopterus brachyotis Dơi chó tai ngắn 1 VU
7 C.sphinx Dơi chú tai dài 2
5 Rhinolophus Họ Dơi lá mũi
8 Rhinolophus pusillus Dơi lá mũi nhỏ 2
9 Pipistrellus cormandra Dơi muỗi nâu 1, 2
IV PRIMATES BỘ LINH TRƯỞNG
11 Nycticebus coucang Culi lớn 1,2 VU IB
12 Macaca mulatta Khỉ vàng 2 IIB
13 M arctoides Khỉ mặt đỏ 2 VU IIB
14 Cuon alpinus Sói đỏ 1 VU IB
15 Ursus thibetanus Gấu ngựa 1,2 EN IB
16 U malayanus GÊu chã 2 EN IB
17 Melogale moschata Chồn bạc má 1,2
18 M personata Chồn bạc má nam 1
19 Lutra lutra Rái cá thường 1,2 VU IB
20 Mustela flavicula Chồn mác 2 IIB
22 Viverra zibetha Cầy giông thường 1,2 IIB
No Scientific name Vietnamese name Distribute
23 Viverricula indica Cầy hương 1,2 IIB
24 Paguma larvata Cầy vòi mốc 1,2
25 Arctictis binturong Cầy mực 1,2 EN IB
26 Chrotogale owstoni Cầy vằn bắc 1,2 VU IIB
29 Herpestes urva Cầy móc cua 1,2
30 Felis bengalensis Mèo rừng 1,2 IIB
31 F temmincki Beo lửa 1,2 EN IB
VI ARTIODACTYLA BỘ GUỐC CHẴN
33 Tragulus javanicus Cheo Cheo Java* VU IIB
36 Cervus nippon Huou sao* EW
Naemorhedus sumatraensis Sơn dương 1,2 VU IB
VII PHOLIDOTA BỘ TÊ TÊ
39 Manis pendactyla Tờ tờ vàng 1,2 EN IIB
VIII RODENTIA BỘ GẶM NHẤM
40 Belomys pearsoni Sóc bay long tai 1 CR IIB
41 Petaurista petaurista Sóc bay trâu 1,2 VU IIB
42 Callosciurus flavimanus Sóc bụng đỏ đuôi đỏ 1,2
44 Ratufa bicolor Sóc đen* 1,2 VU IIB
45 Tamiops maritimus Súc chuột hải nam 1,2
47 Rhizomys pruinosus Dúi mốc lớn 1
No Scientific name Vietnamese name Distribute
49 Rattus bowersi Chuét mèc lín 1
54 Bandicota indisa Chuột đất lớn 1,2
32 decree: The government's Decree No 32/2006/ND-CP
IB: Rare species are prohibited from exploitation
IIB: Rare species are limited from exploitation
4 Some pictures in the fieldwork in Ba Vi national park, Ha Noi
1 Upper temple 2 French period summer camping
5 The old church 6 Bird in Ba Vi national park