Tài liệu Delta''''s key to the next generation toefl test part 38 docx

After you hear the question, you have 15 seconds to prepare your response and 45 seconds to speak.. Questio 3 In this question, you will read a short passage about a campus situation, li

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There are six questions in this quiz You may take notes, and you may use your notes to help you answer the questions Record your response to each question on a cassette Each response will earn a score of 1,

2, 3, or 4, with 4 the highest score Add the six scores to obtain your total score

For questions | and 2, you will speak in response to a question about a familiar topic Use your own personal knowledge and experience to answer each question After you hear the question, you have 15 seconds to prepare your response and 45 seconds to speak

QUESTION 1

€) SPEAKING & WRITING, Track 7

What is the best gift you have ever received? Describe this gift and explain its importance

to you Include details and examples in your explanation

> Stop

Preparation Time ~ 15 seconds

Response Time ~ 45 seconds

QUESTION 2

&) SPEAKING & WRITING, Track 8

Some students like to study for a long period of hours at a time Others divide their study time into many shorter sessions Which method do you think is better for studying and

why? Include details and examples in your explanation

OQ

Preparation Time ~ 15 seconds

Response Time ~ 45 seconds

566 DeLrA'e KEy T0 THE Next @ENERATioN TOEFL® Test

Questio 3

In this question, you will read a short passage about a campus situation, listen to a conversation, and then speak in response to a question about what you have read and heard After you hear the question, you have

30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak

Reading Time ~ 45 seconds

SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS

A variety of scholarship programs at Middleton College enable deserving students to

attend college and lessen their financial burden, Most scholarships are available only for

full-time students, Scholarships are generally awarded to prospective students who have

excelled in their previous studies or made distinguished contributions in their community or

other work A separate application is required for each scholarship applied for Scholarship

applications are due in the Financial Aid Office by May I for the academic year beginning

the following September

Now cover the passage and question Listen to the recording When you hear the question, uncover the

question and heoin nrenarine yaut-respons

€@ SPEAKING & WRITING, Track 9

views and explain the reasons he gives for holding them

© Stop

Preparation Time ~ 30 seconds

Response Time ~ 60 seconds

l§ counselor expresses his views on scholarship applicat

De.ta’s Key To THE Next GENERATION TOEFL® Test 367

Quiz

QUESTION 4

In this question, you will read a short passage on an academic subject, listen to a lecture on the same topic, and then speak in response to a question about what you have read and heard After you hear the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak

Reading Time ~ 45 seconds

CROWDS

Crowds are temporary gatherings of people who share a common focus and an awareness

of one another A crowd is more than a loose collection of individuals but not as structured as

an authentic group A casual crowd, such as the chance coming together of witnesses to an accident, is the most temporary kind of gathering In a casual crowd, people look to one

another for information and clues as to how to respond, In contrast, a conventional crowd is

a gathering of people who are bound by the rules or conventions of their particular setting, such as the crowd at a concert, religious service, or political event

Now cover the passage and question Listen to the recording When you hear the question, uncover the question and begin preparing your response

> SPEAKING & WRITING, Track 10

Describe the emergent quality of crowd behavior, and explain why some crowds behave

in certain ways

Oo

Preparation Time ~ 30 seconds

Response Time ~ 60 seconds

Question 5

In this question, you will listen to a conversation You will then be asked to talk about the information in the conversation and to give your opinion about the ideas presented To make this practice more like the real

test, cover the question during the conversation After you hear the question, you have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak

€@ SPEAKING & WRITING, Track 11

Describe the woman’s situation and the suggestions the man makes about how to manage

it What do you think the woman should do, and why?

Ose

Preparation Time — 20 seconds

Response Time ~ 60 seconds

QUESTION 6

In this question, you will listen to part of a lecture You will then be asked to summarize important

information from the lecture To make this practice more like the real test, cover the question during the

lecture After you hear the question, you have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak

{> SPEAKING & WRITING, Track 12

Using points and examples from the lecture, explain how various abiotic factors in

‘ecosystems affect plants and animals

Qs»

Preparation Time — 20 seconds

Response Time ~ 60 seconds

Key points for Speaking Quiz 8 are on page 593

Record your total score on the Progress Chart on page 695

DELTA'6 Key To THE Next GENERATION TOEFL® Test 369

370 Detta’s Key To THE Next GENERATION TOEFL® Test

PART 4 — WRITING

The Writing section of the TOEFL measures your ability to plan and write responses to questions in essay

format You must be able to select and convey relevant information, organize and support ideas, and

demonstrate that you can use English effectively

There are two questions in the Writing section, The first question is an integrated reading-listening-writing task, in which you will read a short passage, listen to a short lecture, and then write a response based on

what you have read and heard The second question is an independent writing task, in which you will write

a response based on your own opinion and experience Both writing questions are about topics that are

appropriate for international students You do not need special knowledge of any subject to respond to the

questions

WRITING SECTION

9 THE TEST EXPERIENCE

The entire Writing section takes approximately one hour to complete, This includes the time that you

spend reading the directions, reading the passage, listening to the lecture, and writing your responses to

both questions A clock at the top of the screen shows how much writing time is left for each question For the integrated writing task, you will use headphones to listen to the lecture You will be able to change the volume of the sound The clock does not count down while you are listening to the lecture

You may take notes on paper during both writing tasks, and you may use your notes to help you write your responses However, at the end of the test you must give all of your notes to the test supervisor Your notes will not be scored; only what you type on the computer will be scored,

You must type your responses to both writing questions in the typing box on the computer screen, You will not be allowed to write your responses by hand

THE INTEGRATED WRITING TASK

The integrated-skills writing task measures your ability to understand key ideas from an academic reading passage and a short lecture, and to write a response to a question about them You must determine what

information in the lecture relates in some way to information in the reading Then you must organize and

compose a response in standard written English,

In your response, you must demonstrate your ability to:

+22 organize ideas effectively in answering the question;

+ draw requested connections between the lecture and the reading;

+ develop ideas with appropriate examples and explanation;

+ display unity and coherence; and

+ use English words and sentences effectively

Detta’s Key 10 THE Next GENERATION TOEFL® Test 571

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Your response is expected to have about 150 to 225 words It will be read by two qualified evaluators who will score it on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highes

do not write a response, do not write about the given question, or do not write in English Your score on the integrated writing task will be combined with your score on the independent writing task The total number

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of points you earn for both writing questions will be converted to a Writing section score of 0 to 30 First, you have three minutes to read a passage that is 250 to 300 words long, Here is an example:

The discovery of penicillin and other antibiotic drugs is the most dramatic medical

development of the twentieth century These new drugs quickly became known as

“wonder drugs” because they saved so many lives that were threatened by major forms

of infection The research that led to their development rested on the belief that chemicals could be found that would destroy specific microorganisms without injuring the human

body at the same time, Advances in chemistry and in the knowledge of bacteria

quickened the discovery of such chemicals

In 1933, the first of the sulfa drugs, prontosil, was tested clinically on humans and

was found to cure blood infections that would otherwise have been fatal In 1941, the

first successful human tests of penicillin were conducted on cases of streptococcus

infections The discovery of penicillin laid the foundation for even more powerful

weapons against specific diseases Within the next decade, researchers identified some

200 antibiotic substances that were effective against one or another type of bacteria One

of the most important was streptomycin, found to be potent against tuberculosis and other infections that were not affected by penicillin

Antibiotics gave the medical profession powerful tools that could directly fight a very wide range of specific diseases They made possible the survival of patients during and

after surgery No longer was it necessary to depend largely on the body’s own immune

system to fight off major infections; these infections could be attacked directly with

drugs Among the most spectacular effects of antibiotics were reductions in the number

of deaths from pneumonia and tuberculosis

Then the passage will disappear temporarily while you listen to a short lecture on the same topic The passage will reappear later and be available to you during the writing time

ible You will receive a score of 0 if you

While you are listening, you will see a picture of the professor and the class:

(Narrator) Now listen to part of a lecture in a biology class

(Professor) As soon as we developed antibiotics, new strains of bacteria appeared that were resistant

to some or all of the drugs Hospitals started using antibiotics regularly in the 1950s, but

resistance started appearing within a few years Today, one-third of the patients in

hospitals are on antibiotics, but antibiotic resistance is increasing the danger of hospital

infections—to the point where people are almost safer staying home than going to a

hospital

In the forties, penicillin really was a wonder drug Back then, you could give a patient

with bacterial pneumonia ten thousand units of penicillin four times a day and cure the

disease Today, you could give 24 million units of penicillin a day, but the patient might

still die Why? Well, in a way, bacteria are smarter than us They evolve to counteract any drug we attack them with, A lot of bacteria are now completely resistant to penicillin,

Bacteria can evolve very effective weapons against antibiotics Some of them develop

enzymes to match every antibiotic we throw at them All these weapons and

counter-weapons match one another—just like the weapons in real military warfare So,

no matter what antibiotic we use, the bacteria will come up with a way to make it useles

How does this happen? Well, if you douse a colony of bacteria with an antibiotic, the

colony will be killed—that is, ail except for a few cells A few cells will survive because they carry a resistance gene for that particular antibiotic The surviving cells quickly

‘multiply, and they pass along this lucky gene to their offspring And soon you have a new strain of bacteria that’s resistant to that drug

One consequence of antibiotic resistance is the reappearance of tuberculosis as a major

illness Twenty years ago, doctors thought tuberculosis was a defeated disease Since then, however, new cases of tuberculosis have increased by 20 percent And several strains of

the disease are resistant to any drug we can attack them with

(Narrator) Summarize the main points made in the lecture, explaining how they differ from points

made in the reading

WKITING `

Question: Summarize the main points made in the lecture, explaining how they differ from points made in the reading

the twentieth century These new drugs quickly

became known as “wonder drugs” because they

saved so many lives that were threatened by major

forms of infection, The research that led to their

development rested on the belief that chemicals

could be found that would destroy specific

microorganisms without injuring the human body at

the same time Advances in chemistry and in the

knowledge of bacteria quickened the discovery of

such chemicals

In 1933, the first of the sulfa drugs, prontosil,

was tested clinically on humans and was found to

cure blood infections that would otherwise have

been fatal In 1941, the first successful human tests

After the lecture, you will both hear and see the writing question Then you have 20 minutes to plan, write, and revise your response The reading passage is available during this time You may use your notes from the lecture to help you write your response

As you type, the computer will show your word count—how many words you have written, An effective response usually has approximately 150 to 225 words

THE INDEPENDENT WRITING TASK

‘The independent writing task measures your ability to write an essay in response to a given to

must be able to generate and organize ideas, to develop and support these ideas, and to compose in standard written English,

In your essay, you must demonstrate your ability to:

2 organize ideas effectively in answering the question;

2 state and support an opinion;

+ develop ideas with appropriate reasons, examples, and personal experience;

2 display unity and coherence; and

2 use English words and sentences effectively

Your essay will be read by two qualified evaluators who will score it on a scale of | to 5, with 5 being the highest score possible You will receive a score of 0 if you do not write an essay, do not write about the assigned topic, of do not write in English Your score on the independent writing task will be combined with your score on the integrated writing task The total number of points you earn for both writing questions will be converted to a Writing section score of 0 to 30

Here is an example of an independent writing task:

Question:

Do you agree or disagree with the following

statement?

Advertising influences people's behavior

in a negative way

Use specific reasons and examples to

‘support your opinion

STRATEGIES FOR THE WRITING SECTION

Before the Test

+ Listen to a variety of recorded materials that use academic English, such as university lectures,

documentaries, educational television programs, and in-depth radio news programs Practice taking

notes as you listen

© Work on building your vocabulary Practice using transitions—connecting words and expressions—

to make your writing more coherent,

+ Become familiar with the types of writing questions that appear on the TOEFL

+ Become familiar with the English keyboard, and practice typing on it

+ Become familiar with the TOEFL testing tools, such as Copy, Cut, and Paste Practice using these

keys to move text and make corrections

+Z2 Your own best strategy:

Detta’s Key 10 THE Next GENERATION TOEFL® Test 375