APPENDIX 1 aan TOEFL® iBT Score Information The TOEFL iBT Field Test ETS conducted a field test of the new Internet-based iBT TOEFL test to achieve three major goals: to evaluate ite
Trang 1pronoun—A pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun You can use pronouns such as she, it, which, and they to make your writing less repetitive
question mark—This is the punctuation mark (?) used at the end of a direct question For example, Is David coming to the party?
sentence combining—Sometimes writers combine two or more short sentences to
make a longer one The reason for doing this is that too many short sentences often make the writing sound choppy Using sentence-combining techniques in the revising process can improve the style of your essay
singular—Singular means “single,” or “one.” In English grammar, nouns, pronouns, and verbs can take singular forms For example, car is a singular noun, he or she is a singular pronoun, and climbs is a singular verb in the present tense
subject—The subject of a sentence tells who or what a sentence is about For exam- ple, Stephen ran into the parking lot Stephen is the subject of the sentence
supporting ideas—Supporting ideas are the details that develop the main idea of
a paragraph They can be definitions, explanations, illustrations, opinions, evidence, and examples They usually come after the topic sentence and make up the body of
a paragraph
tense—Tenses indicate time Sometimes tenses are formed by changes in the verb, as
in He sings (present tense) and He sang (past tense) At other times, tenses are formed
by adding modals, or helping verbs For example, He will give me fifty dollars (future tense): He has given me fifty dollars (pertect tense)
thesis—The thesis or thesis statement of an essay states what will be discussed in the whole essay It offers your reader a quick and easy summary of the essay A thesis statement usually consists of two parts: your topic and what you are going to say about the topic Thesis statements are supported by main ideas
topic sentence—The topic sentence states the main idea of a paragraph ft tells your reader what the paragraph is about An easy way to make sure your reader under- stands the topic of a paragraph is to put your topic sentence near the beginning of the paragraph (This is a good general rule for less experienced writers, although it is not the only way to do it.)
transition words and phrases—Transition words and phrases are used to connect ideas and signal relationships between them For example, First can be used to signal
the first of several points; Thus can be used to show a result
transitive verb—Transitive verbs require an object For example, in He mailed the letter, mailed is a transitive verb, and /etter is its object
verb—A verb is an “action” word (e.g., climb, jump, run, eat) English verbs also express time (e.g., past tense verbs like climbed, jumped, ran, and ate show that the action happened in the past) Verbs also show siates of being—to be words— mentioned earlier in chapter
verb phrase—A verb phrase is a phrase (or a group of words) that consists of a main verb (e.g., climb, jump, run, eat) plus one or more helping verbs (e.g., may, can, has,
is, ave) Examples of verb phrases are She may go, or The students will receive certificates
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APPENDIX 1 aan TOEFL® iBT Score
Information
The TOEFL iBT Field Test
ETS conducted a field test of the new Internet-based (iBT) TOEFL test to achieve
three major goals: to evaluate item (question) properties, to inform decisions about score scales, and to provide a score link between the new TOEFL iBT and the computer-based TOEFL test (CBT) The field test also yielded percentile data about test performance, as well as test taker responses to English language competency descriptors, both of which were thought to be potentially useful to score recipients TIME AND saMpLE Erom November 2003 to February 2004, 3,284 iest takers participated in the field test Participants were recruited from 30 countries in North America, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Europe Approximately 80 percent of the current TOEFL examinees are from these 30 countries
vest Apwanistrarions Each participant was required to take the TOEFL iBT (Form A) and a computer-based TOEFL test Approximately 5006 of the participants were also required to take a second form of the new test (Form B) Each participant completed
an online questionnaire of demographic, self-assessment, and post-testing questions
A total of 2,720 usable responses were obtained from the 3,284 examinees who took
Form A of the new test and the computer-based test
The table titled “TOEFL iBT Field Test Sample” indicates the number of partici- pants from each country, their percentage in the total study, and the percentage of
‘individuals who took the current versions of the TOEFL test in that country between July 2002 and June 2003
Trang 3Score Comparisons
ETS has created score comparison tables to help score users establish recommended
or required TOEFL iBT scores for their institutions The “field test provided data to compare performance on the new iBT test with performance on the CBT test It did not compare performance between the new iBT test and the paper-based TOEFL Paper-based and er score comparisons shown in the tables here were developed ased upon data from 38 4 exarninees who took both the paper-based and computer- based tests between No vember 1997 and Marea 1998
Score comparison tables are provided in score-to-score and range formats for
» total score
» reading
» listening
»& writing
» total score—reading listening, and writing only
Although score comparisons can be useful in understanding the relationship between
scores on the three versions of the TOEFL test, it is important to note that differences
among the tests make it difficult to establish exact comparisons
The difference in the three versions of the test can be seen most clearly in the writ-
ing € omponent The new iBT Writing section is composed of two wens 3 tasks: one
independent essay and one integrated writing task The computer-base
Dar
wey sitivel ae ee SOY 1 Writ ing sect on} i ultiple- -choice & QUESTIONS a and an essay To
letela nhalna nA , section oneiste € of ¬ a
7
] tely from the tota
ported Sẽ
m5 are deri Y
total scores,
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$ the rOur skills
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portion of the
Trang 4Percentile Data
Percentile rank information is based on results from 2,720 test takers who partici-
pated in the field test and who took both the new TOEEL test and TOEFL CBT The parti icipants English ability levels ranged from low to high to replicate the current TOEFL testing population; however, the I field study group performed below the typical testing population on TOEFL CBT Therefore, this field study percentile data should be used with great caution
Using Percentile Data—Considerations for Score
Users
Although great care was taken in the design and administration of the next genera-
tion TOEFL field test, there are a number of important reasons why score users
should view these percentile data as preliminary
» Sample size: Results are based on a field sample of 2,720 participants
» Motivation and perforn mance: Participants typically are less motivated to perform well on field tests than on operational, high-stakes tests
>» Unfamiliarity with the test: The field test was < idministered to test takers who had
no familiarity with the new TOEFL iBT, which is based on current theories of communicative competence and uses integrated tasks that require examinees to combine language skills In Jul ly 2004, ETS published a complete version of the new test on its Web site to i achers and test takers with the new test
performance
3 ihs e addition c of a speaking t measure: The current TOEFL test does not measure
id teachers have not € emphasized the
he addition of speaking on the
takers, le earning this skill will
nic envii ronment
ey
thà †emaô
Trang 5TOEFL Totai Score Comparisons
:_ Score Comparison
Score Comparison, cont
New New
Internet-Based Computer- Paper-Based Internet-Based Computer- Paper-Based
eS Total Based Total Total MeO oo meta Based Total Total
Continued
352 HE GFFICIAL GUIDE TO THE NEW TOEFL HữT
Trang 6TOEFL Total Score Comparisons (Cont.)
Score Comparison, cont Range Comparison
Internet-Based Computer- Paper-Based TOEFL Total Based Total Total Internet-Based Computer- Paper-Based
TOEFL Total Based Total Total
el os
OOM
Note: The paper-based total score does not include writing The paper-based and
computer-based total scores do not include speaking
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TOEFL Score Comparisons for Reading
_ Internet-Based Based Paper-Based :` TOEEL Reading — Reading Coralie d
Internet-Based’ Based Paper-Based
TOEFL Reading Reading Reading
i6:
14-16 16-18 - 11-13 13-15 8-10 10-12
ko“ se
13 15 47
tHE OFFICIAL GLIDE TO THE NEW TS, l3
fav tất sờ
Trang 8TOEFL iBT Field Test Sample
Number of Study Percentage of Study Percentage of TOFEL
“Participants ^^” Participants ~~ 2002-03 Volume
Malaysia 41 0.57
` tt đi
APPEMOTS 1
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TOEEL Score Comparisons for Listening
Based TOEFL Based Paper-Based | Based TOEFL Based Paper-Based
4 Listening l Listening ` Listening LÊ CC ciì 1ó Listening Listening
19
18
17
lồ
is
i4
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TOEFL Score Comparison for Writing
Score Comparison,
| New Internet- Computer-
Sir TOEFL Based Structure
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
Paper-Based
Structure and
Writing/
Written
Expression
58
54
51
=
47
46
43
42 40-41
39 37-38 35-36 33-34 31-32
31
31
31
31
31
31
Range Comparison
' New Ínternet- Computer-
| Based TOEFL Based Structure Writing
Pee ee
Structure and
Writing/ Written Expression
Note: The new Internet-based TOEFL Writing section is composed of two writing tasks: one independent essay and one integrated writing task The computer-based Structure and Writing section includes multiple-choice questions and an essay The paper-based Structure and Written Expression section consists of multiple-choice questions only, and the required essay score is reported separately from the total score Therefore, the scores for these three sections are derived differently