Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.. Read the following passage and mark the letter
Trang 1Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương
CHINH PHỤC CÂU HỎI HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC
DẠNG BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU (P3) Nguồn: Đề thi thử và thi chính thức
kì thi THPT Quốc Gia 2018,2019 ,2020
Họ, tên thí sinh:
Exercise 1 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Rain pounded down on the roof I was trying to read but the sound was too loud I couldn’t help
myself from being a little grumpy I wanted to be outside playing, but the rain was keeping me inside
My mom had gone to the grocery store, and my dad was spending Saturday at the office I had planned to spend the day hiking, but Mother Nature decided that today was the perfect day for rain
It meant that I would have to entertain myself I spent most of the morning playing with my stuffed animals and reading I was sitting next to the window staring out when I got a strange idea: why not just go outside anyway?
I put on my boots and a big raincoat and stepped out into the wet world It was raining hard but it wasn’t cold All I could hear were raindrops and the wind I decided to go on my hike anyway
My feet didn’t make any sound on the wet ground and the forest seemed different I went to my favourite place and sat down In the summer, my best friend Ellen and I would come here and sit for hours It was our special place All of a sudden, I thought I heard someone shouting my name I turned and saw Ellen walking
up behind me
“Oh my Gosh! It’s really you, Martha!” she said “I can’t believe that you are out here right now I thought I would be the only person crazy enough to go for a walk in the rain.”
I was very happy to have some company We decided that hiking in the rain was just as fun as hiking in the
sunshine We planned on hiking in the rain again
C A Rainy Day Indoors D Rainy Day Homework
A stupid B bad-tempered C uninterested D unsatisfactory
A The heat B Her parents C Bad weather D Lots of homework
A She was tired B She was feeling sick
C She had to find something to do D She was bored with doing homework
A It was too hot B It was too cold C It was very nice D It was too wet to walk
Trang 2Question 7: What will Martha and Ellen probably do next time it rains?
C Go for another hike D Go to their friend’s house
Exercise 2 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
A large number of inventions require years of arduous research and development before they are
perfected For instance, Thomas Edison had to make more than 1,000 attempts to invent the incandescent light bulb before he finally succeeded History is replete with numerous other examples of people trying, yet failing to make inventions before they eventually succeeded Yet some inventions have come about not through hard work but simply by accident
In most cases, when someone unintentionally invented something, the inventor was attempting to create something else For example, in the 1930s, chemist Roy Plunkett was attempting to make a new substance that could be used to refrigerate items He mixed some chemicals together Then, he put them into
a pressurized container and cooled the mixture By the time his experiment was complete, he had a new invention It was not a new substance that could be used for refrigeration though Instead, he had invented Teflon, which is today most commonly used to make nonstick pots and pans Similarly, decades earlier, John Pemberton was a pharmacist in Atlanta, Georgia He was attempting to create a tonic that people could
use whenever they had headaches While he was not successful in that endeavor, he managed to invent
Coca - Cola, the world - famous carbonated soft drink
Scientists have also made crucial discoveries by accident when they were conducting experiments
In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, an antibiotic, in this manner He discovered some mold growing in a dish with some bacteria He noticed that the bacteria seemed to be avoiding the mold When he investigated further, he determined some of the many useful properties of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives over the past few decades Likewise, in 1946, scientist Percy Spencer was conducting an experiment with microwaves He had a candy bar in his pocket, and he noticed that it suddenly melted He investigated and learned the reason why that had happened Soon afterward, he built a device that could utilize microwaves to heat food: the microwave oven
A History's Most Important Inventions
B Accidental Inventions and Discoveries
C How to Become a Great Inventor
D You Don't Always Get What You Want
A People first used it as a refrigeration device
B It was created many years before Coca-Cola
C The man who made it was a pharmacist
D It is used for kitchenware nowadays
Trang 3Exercise 3 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
In 1752, Benjamin Franklin made his textbook experiment with a brass key and a silk kite that he flew in a thunderstorm to prove that lightning and electricity are the same thing In 1920, a kite-flying championship for families and individuals was held in London These two seemingly unrelated events underscore the fact that kites can be flown for both pleasure and scientific purposes For example, in the 1800s weather bureaus flew kites to record temperature and humidity at certain altitudes On one occasion,
ten kites were strung together and flown at a height of four miles to lift men and carry cameras aloft
The kite’s ability to fly depends on its construction and the way that its line is attached The familiar diamond - shaped kite flies when its covered face is aligned against the wind flow The line attached to the nose of the kite pulls it into the wind, thus creating the necessary angle for the lift force If the kite’s construction and the angle of the air stream are correct, the kite will encounter greater pressure against its face and lower pressure against its back The difference in the pressure creates a lift that causes the kite to rise until it hangs level from its bridle Its angle against the wind should be sufficiently large or small to create maximum lift to overcome both drag and gravity The towing point to which the line is attached is
important because it sets the kite’s angle relative to the air flow Although the kite must be headed up and
into the wind with a velocity of 8 to 20 miles per hour, it can maintain its position through a tail, a rudder, a keel, vents, or tassels
A What makes kites stay up in the air B How kites can be utilized
C What parts kites consist of D Why kites are were spurned
A for the analysis B in the flood C in flight D for amusement
A pointed away from the ground B balanced with the tail
C pointed into the wind flow D aligned parallel to the wind flow
A The kite must be sufficiently strong to withstand great pressure
B The kite must be diamond-shaped, and the wind of a certain velocity
C The pressure against its back must be lower than the pressure against its face
D The pressure of the air flow must be lower than the weight of the kite
A lifts the kite’s cover and frame into the air space
B contributes to the shape of the kite and extends it
C conveys the direction of the wind and the air flow
D determines the angle between the kite and the air flow
A fiberglass kites flown in competition
B the cords and wires needed for kite flying
C elements of kite design and composition
D bowed kites curved on their faces
Trang 4Exercise 4 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
The official residence of the president of the United States is the White House, located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, in Washington, D.C The Commissioners of the District of Columbia held a meeting
in 1792 and decided to hold a contest for the best design for the Presidential House James Hoban, an
architect born in Ireland, was the winner His bid for the construction of the mansion asked for $200,000, but the final cost of the building came to twice that amount The work on the project began during the same
year, and the grounds of approximately one and a half miles west of the Capitol Hill were chosen by Major
Pierre-Charles L’Enfant, who was in charge of city planning However, the construction continued for several more years, and George Washington had stepped down as president before the building was habitable When John Adams, the second president of the United States and his wife Abigail moved in 1800, only six rooms had been completed
The grey sandstone walls of the house were painted white during construction, and the color of the paint gave the building its name The building was burned on August 24, 1814, and James Hoban reconstructed the house for President James Monroe and his family, who moved there in 1817 The north portico was added to the building in 1829, water pipes were installed in 1833, gas lighting in 1848, and electricity in 1891 In 1948, inspectors announced that the building was so dilapidated that it was beyond repair and suggested that it was cheaper to construct a new one than repair the existing dwelling However, the national sentiment was to keep the original form intact, and Congress appropriated $5.4 million dollars
for repairs In 1961, Jacqueline Kennedy launched a program to redecorate the rooms and appointed a Fine
Arts Committee to make choices of furnishing and colors
The house of the president accords its residents a great deal of space The living quarters contain 107 rooms, 40 corridors, and 19 baths The White House contains a doctor’s suite, a dentist’s office, a large solarium, a broadcasting room, and a two-floor basement for storage and service rooms The office in which the president works is not located in the White House, but in a separate building called the West Wing The White House stands on 16 acres of parklike land and overlooks a broad lawn, flower gardens, and wood groves
A hearing B concourse C computation D competition
A It did not adhere to the original estimate
B It was proposed at the meeting of the commissioners
C It was not included in the architectural design
D It was considered excessive for the presidential home
A high ground B site C several lots D hills
A George Washington contributed to the White House design
B George Washington never lived in the White House
C The White House was excluded from the city planning
D George Washington often used the White House steps
continued _
A up to 1800 B after 1800 C until 1814 D until 1792
Trang 5Question 27: What can be inferred about the White House from the information in the second paragraph?
A Running water was installed in the second half of the 19th century
B Each president added new features to the building’s conveniences
C Few changes occurred in the structure in the first half of the 20th century
D The building was modernized extensively during one decade
A hallways B kitchen C medical offices D storage rooms
Exercise 5 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to Indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
There is a wide range of organisms by their population whose lives mostly depend on how they hunt
or are hunted And most living organisms have some way of protecting themselves from natural predators Some mammals, like the platypus, carry internal toxins to transmit to predators via biting or other means, and some plants protect themselves by being poisonous The African crested rat was originally thought to be
poisonous because predators that tried to eat it often became paralyzed But scientists have recently learned
that's not actually the case
The crested rat chews on the poisonous bark of a certain tree, and then smears the chewed-up substance onto its fur, where a strip of special quill-like hairs soaks up the poisonous mixture Though
similar to a porcupine's, the quills do differ: whereas the porcupine defends itself by poking predators, the African rat uses its quill-like hairs to deliver poison to them When a predator comes after it, instead of
running away, the rat stays put and parts its hair to reveal the strip of fur on its back where the poison is being stored That raised strip is the first thing that receives a bite, and the poison inside disables the predator These hair tubes are unusual In fact, scientists do not know of another animal that uses plant poison in this way
Scientists are puzzled that the rat doesn't appear to be affected by the poison Because it affects heartbeat regulation, understanding how the rat can keep its heart rate regulated effectively while using the poison could help scientists develop new medicines for people with heart trouble And they hope that those suffering from heart diseases will benefit from this
A To show how animals can affect plant life B To compare one animal to other similar ones
C To emphasize the dangers of researching animals. D To discuss an unusual animal defense technique
A To illustrate that mammals may eat poisonous plants
B To give an example of a mammal that uses poison
C To show how it differs from the crested rat
D To explain that the platypus is at risk
A disabled B unaffected C inaccessible D undecided
A predators B porcupines C crested rats D quill-like hairs
A encourages B protects C feeds D pretends
Trang 6Question 35: What are scientists surprised by?
A How toxic plant poison can be B How useful plant toxins can be
C How quickly rats learn new behavior D That the rats are protected from the poison
A Medicine used to counteract poison B Other animals like the crested rat
C Health effects of a chemical D Rats with unhealthy hearts
Exercise 6 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable
motifs, and soft evanescent coloration The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together
elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried Much of the Art
Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed “art glass.”
Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect on carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques
France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904) In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs
The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its
influence continued throughout the mid-1920’s.It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of
thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon
designers after the First World War The basic tenet of the movement-that function should determine
form-was not a new concept Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: from should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline and complex textural surfaces
A Design elements in the Art Nouveau style
B The popularity of the Art Nouveau style
C Production techniques for art glass
D Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style
A century B development C style D coloration
buried glass
A The distortion of the glass B The appearance of the glass surface
C The shapes of the glass objects D The size of the glass objects
Trang 7Question 40: The word “overtaken” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
A surpassed B inclined C expressed D applied
A A useful object should not be attractive
B The purpose of an object should influence its form
C The design of an object is considered more significant than its function
D The form of an object should not include decorative elements
it
A clearly distinguished between art and design
B appealed to people who liked complex painted designs
C reflected a common desire to break from the past
D was easily interpreted by the general public
A Its design concept avoided geometric shapes
B It started on a small scale and then spread gradually
C It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World War
D It was not attractive to architects all designers
A a flowered design B bright colors C modern symbols D a textured surface
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Telecommuting is some form of computer communication between employees’ homes and offices
For employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor entering data or typing reports, the location of the computer is of no consequence If the machine can communicate over telephone lines, when
the work is completed, employees can dial the office computer and transmit the material to their employers
A recent survey in USA Today estimates that there are approximately 8,7 million telecommuters But although the numbers are rising annually, the trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week published “The Portable Executive” as its cover story a few years ago Why hasn’t
telecommuting become more popular?
Clearly, change simply takes time But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part of many managers These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered
across the country would be too difficult, or, at least, systems for managing them are not yet developed,
thereby complicating the manager’s responsibilities
It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to accept the
opportunity Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office
A An overview of telecommuting B The failure of telecommuting
C The advantages of telecommuting D A definition of telecommuting
Trang 8Question 46: How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?
A More than predicted in Business Week B More than 8 million
C Fewer than last year D Fewer than estimated in USA Today
A of no use B irrelevant C of no good D unimportant
A the opportunities for advancement B the different system of supervision
C the lack of interaction with a group D the work place is in the home
A telecommuters B systems C executives D responsibilities
A need regular interaction with their families
B are worried about the promotion if they are not seen at the office
C feel that a work area in their home is away from the office
D are ignorant of telecommuting
A opposite B willing C hesitant D typical
Trang 9HƯỚNG DẪN GIẢI CHI TIẾT Question 1 B Question 11 D Question 21 C Question 31 B Question 41 B Question 2 B Question 12 B Question 22 D Question 32 A Question 42 C Question 3 C Question 13 B Question 23 A Question 33 A Question 43 B Question 4 C Question 14 C Question 24 B Question 34 B Question 44 A Question 5 C Question 15 A Question 25 B Question 35 D Question 45 A Question 6 C Question 16 C Question 26 B Question 36 D Question 46 B Question 7 C Question 17 C Question 27 C Question 37 B Question 47 D Question 8 B Question 18 C Question 28 C Question 38 C Question 48 B Question 9 B Question 19 D Question 29 B Question 39 B Question 49 A Question 10 D Question 20 B Question 30 D Question 40 A Question 50 B
Exercise 1 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Rain pounded down on the roof I was trying to read but the sound was too loud I couldn’t help myself from
being a little grumpy I wanted to be outside playing, but the rain was keeping me inside
My mom had gone to the grocery store, and my dad was spending Saturday at the office I had planned to spend the day hiking, but Mother Nature decided that today was the perfect day for rain
It meant that I would have to entertain myself I spent most of the morning playing with my stuffed animals and reading I was sitting next to the window staring out when I got a strange idea: why not just go outside anyway?
I put on my boots and a big raincoat and stepped out into the wet world It was raining hard but it wasn’t cold All I could hear were raindrops and the wind I decided to go on my hike anyway
My feet didn’t make any sound on the wet ground and the forest seemed different I went to my favourite place and sat down In the summer, my best friend Ellen and I would come here and sit for hours It was our special place All of a sudden, I thought I heard someone shouting my name I turned and saw Ellen walking
up behind me
“Oh my Gosh! It’s really you, Martha!” she said “I can’t believe that you are out here right now I thought I would be the only person crazy enough to go for a walk in the rain.”
I was very happy to have some company We decided that hiking in the rain was just as fun as hiking in the
sunshine We planned on hiking in the rain again
C A Rainy Day Indoors D Rainy Day Homework
Giải thích: Tiêu đề của câu chuyện là gì?
A Làm việc trong mưa B Đi bộ trong mưa
C Trời mưa trong nhà D Bài tập về nhà ngày mưa
Chọn B
A stupid B bad-tempered C uninterested D unsatisfactory
Trang 10Giải thích: Từ "grumpy" ở đoạn 1 gần nghĩa nhất với từ nào?
Thông tin: I couldn’t help myself from being a little grumpy
Tạm dịch: Tôi không thể tự kiềm chế mình khỏi một chút cộc cằn
Đáp án: B
A The heat B Her parents C Bad weather D Lots of homework
Giải thích: Điều gì đã giữ Martha bên trong nhà?
Thông tin: I wanted to be outside playing, but the rain was keeping me inside
Tạm dịch: Tôi muốn ra ngoài chơi, nhưng trời mưa đã giữ tôi ở trong nhà
Chọn C
A She was tired B She was feeling sick
C She had to find something to do D She was bored with doing homework
Giải thích: Martha có ý gì khi nói rằng “ Có nghĩa là tôi sẽ phải tự tìm thú tiêu khiển à?”
A Cô ấy mệt B Cô ấy cảm thấy không khỏe
C Cô ấy phải tìm gì đó để làm D Cô ấy chán với việc làm bài tập về nhà
Chọn C
Giải thích: Từ “company” ở đoạn cuối gần nghĩa nhất với
company (n): bạn bè = friend
Thông tin: I was very happy to have some company
Tạm dịch: Tôi rất vui khi có vài người bạn
Chọn C
A It was too hot B It was too cold C It was very nice D It was too wet to walk
Giải thích: Martha đã nghĩ điều gì về việc đi ra ngoài?
A Trời quá nóng B Trời quá lạnh
C Rất tuyệt D Quá ẩm ướt để đi bộ
Thông tin: We decided that hiking in the rain was just as fun as hiking in the sunshine We planned on hiking in the rain again
Tạm dịch: Chúng tôi quyết định đi bộ trong mưa, cũng thú vị như trong ánh nắng mặt trời Chúng tôi lên kế
hoạch đi bộ trong mưa lần nữa
Chọn C
C Go for another hike D Go to their friend’s house
Trang 11Giải thích: Martha và Ellen sẽ làm gì sau trời mưa?
A Ở trong nhà B Làm bài tập về nhà
C Đi bộ dưới trời mưa D Đi tới nhà bạn bè của họ
Thông tin: We decided that hiking in the rain was just as fun as hiking in the sunshine
Tạm dịch: Chúng tôi quyết định đi bộ dưới trời mưa vì nó vui như đi bộ dưới trời nắng
Chọn C
DỊCH ĐOẠN VĂN:
Mưa rơi xuống mái nhà Tôi đã cố gắng đọc nhưng âm thanh quá to Tôi không tự kiềm chế sự gắt gỏng Tôi muốn được chơi bên ngoài, nhưng trời mưa đã giữ chân tôi ở trong nhà
Mẹ tôi đã đến cửa hàng tạp hóa, và bố tôi đã dành cả ngày thứ Bảy tại văn phòng Tôi đã có kế hoạch dành
cả ngày để đi bộ Nhưng mẹ thiên nhiên đã quyết định rằng ngày hôm nay phù hợp để mưa
Điều đó có nghĩa là tôi sẽ phải tự tìm cách giải trí Tôi đã dành phần lớn buổi sáng để chơi với thú nhồi bông
và đọc sách Tôi đang ngồi cạnh cửa sổ và nhìn chằm chằm ra ngoài và có ý tưởng: Tại sao không đi ra ngoài?
Tôi đi bốt và áo mưa lớn và bước vào thế giới ẩm ướt Trời mưa nhưng không lạnh Tất cả những gì tôi có thể nghe thấy là âm thanh những giọt mưa và gió Tôi vẫn quyết định đi tiếp
Bàn chân của tôi không phát ra âm thanh nào trên mặt đất ẩm ướt và khu rừng dường như khác hơn Tôi đã đến nơi tôi yêu thích và ngồi xuống Vào mua hè, người bạn tốt nhất của tôi là Ellen và tôi sẽ đến đây và ngồi hàng giờ Đó là nơi đặc biệt của chúng tôi Đột nhiên, tôi nghĩ rằng tôi nghe thấy ai đó hét tên tôi Tôi quay lại và nhìn thấy Ellen đi tới từ phía sau tôi
"Ôi trời! Thực sự là cậu, Martha!" Cô ấy nói
"Tớ không thể tin rằng cậu đang ở đây bây giờ Tớ nghĩ tớ là người duy nhất điên cuồng chạy trong mưa" Tôi rất vui bì có bạn bè Chúng tôi quyết định đi bộ trong mưa, cũng thú vị như trong ánh nắng mặt trời Chúng tôi lên kế hoạch đi bộ trong mưa lần nữa
Exercise 2 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
A large number of inventions require years of arduous research and development before they are
perfected For instance, Thomas Edison had to make more than 1,000 attempts to invent the incandescent light bulb before he finally succeeded History is replete with numerous other examples of people trying, yet failing to make inventions before they eventually succeeded Yet some inventions have come about not through hard work but simply by accident
In most cases, when someone unintentionally invented something, the inventor was attempting to create something else For example, in the 1930s, chemist Roy Plunkett was attempting to make a new substance that could be used to refrigerate items He mixed some chemicals together Then, he put them into a pressurized container and cooled the mixture By the time his experiment was complete, he had a new invention It was not a new substance that could be used for refrigeration though Instead, he had invented Teflon, which is today most commonly used to make nonstick pots and pans Similarly, decades earlier, John Pemberton was a pharmacist in Atlanta, Georgia He was attempting to create a tonic that people could
use whenever they had headaches While he was not successful in that endeavor, he managed to invent
Coca - Cola, the world - famous carbonated soft drink
Trang 12Scientists have also made crucial discoveries by accident when they were conducting experiments In
1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, an antibiotic, in this manner He discovered some mold growing in a dish with some bacteria He noticed that the bacteria seemed to be avoiding the mold When he investigated further, he determined some of the many useful properties of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives over the past few decades Likewise, in 1946, scientist Percy Spencer was conducting an experiment with microwaves He had a candy bar in his pocket, and he noticed that it suddenly melted He investigated and learned the reason why that had happened Soon afterward, he built a device that could utilize microwaves to heat food: the microwave oven
A History's Most Important Inventions
B Accidental Inventions and Discoveries
C How to Become a Great Inventor
D You Don't Always Get What You Want
Giải thích: Tiêu đề nào tóm tắt ý chính của bài đọc?
A Các phát minh quan trọng nhất của lịch sử
B Phát minh và khám phá tai nạn
C Làm thế nào để trở thành một nhà phát minh vĩ đại
D Bạn không luôn luôn có được những gì bạn muốn
Chọn B
Giải thích: Từ “arduous” gần nghĩa nhất với?
Thông tin: A large number of inventions require years of arduous research and development before they are perfected
Tạm dịch: Một số lượng lớn các sáng chế đòi hỏi nhiều năm nghiên cứu và phát triển gian nan trước khi chúng được hoàn thiện
Chọn B
Giải thích: Ở đoạn 2, từ “endeavor” gần nghĩa nhất với?
A nghiên cứu B giấc mơ C yêu cầu D cố gắng
Thông tin: While he was not successful in that endeavor, he managed to invent Coca Cola, the world
-famous carbonated soft drink
Tạm dịch: Trong khi ông không thành công trong nỗ lực đó, ông đã thành công trong việc sáng tạo ra
Coca-Cola, nước uống có ga nổi tiếng thế giới
Chọn D
A People first used it as a refrigeration device
B It was created many years before Coca-Cola
C The man who made it was a pharmacist
D It is used for kitchenware nowadays
Giải thích: Tác giả nói gì về Teflon?
Trang 13A Người đầu tiên sử dụng nó như là một thiết bị làm lạnh
B Nó được tạo ra nhiều năm trước khi Coca-Cola được tạo ra
C Người đàn ông đã làm ra nó là một dược sĩ
D Nó được sử dụng cho đồ dùng nhà bếp ngày nay
Thông tin: Instead, he had invented Teflon, which is today most commonly used to make nonstick pots and
pans
Tạm dịch: Thay vào đó, ông đã phát minh ra Teflon, ngày nay được sử dụng phổ biến nhất để làm nồi và
chảo chống dính
Chọn D
A The person who made Teflon
B The creator of Coca-Cola
C The man who discovered penicillin
D The inventor of the microwave
Giải thích: John Pemberton là ai?
A Người làm Teflon B Người tạo ra Coca-Cola
C Người phát hiện ra penicillin D Người phát minh lò vi sóng
Dẫn chứng: While he was not successful in that endeavor, he managed to invent Coca Cola, the world
-famous carbonated soft drink
Tạm dịch: Trong khi ông không thành công trong nỗ lực đó, ông đã thành công trong việc sáng tạo ra
Coca-Cola, nước uống có ga nổi tiếng thế giới
Chọn B
A one of the most famous inventors in history
B a person who made an accidental scientific discovery
C someone who became a millionaire from his invention
D a man who dedicated his life to medical science
Giải thích: Tác giả sử dụng Alexander Fleming làm ví dụ của
A một trong những nhà phát minh nổi tiếng nhất trong lịch sử
B một người đã thực hiện một khám phá khoa học tình cờ
C một người trở thành triệu phú từ phát minh của mình
D một người đàn ông đã cống hiến cuộc đời mình cho khoa học y khoa
Dẫn chứng: Scientists have also made crucial discoveries by accident when they were conducting experiments
Tạm dịch: Các nhà khoa học cũng đã tình cờ có những khám phá quan trọng khi họ đang tiến hành thí nghiệm
Chọn B
A Doctors seldom use it nowadays
B Some people are not affected by it
C It is an invaluable medical supply
D Mold combines with bacteria to make it
Giải thích: Tác giả có ý gì về penicillin?
A Các bác sĩ hiếm khi sử dụng nó ngày nay B Một số người không bị ảnh hưởng bởi nó
Trang 14C Là một nguồn cung cấp y tế vô giá D Khuôn kết hợp với vi khuẩn để tạo ra
Dẫn chứng: When he investigated further, he determined some of the many useful properties of penicillin,
which has saved millions of lives over the past few decades
Tạm dịch: Khi điều tra sâu hơn, ông đã xác định được một số trong nhiều đặc tính hữu ích của penicillin,
cái đã cứu sống hàng triệu người trong vài thập kỷ qua
Chọn C
DỊCH ĐOẠN VĂN:
Một số lượng lớn các sáng chế đòi hỏi nhiều năm nghiên cứu và phát triển gian nan trước khi chúng được hoàn thiện Thí dụ, Thomas Edison đã phải cố gắng hơn 1.000 lần để sáng chế ra bóng đèn sáng trước khi cuối cùng cũng thành công Lịch sử có rất nhiều ví dụ khác của những người cố gắng, nhưng không thể làm sáng chế trước khi họ cuối cùng đã thành công Tuy nhiên, một số sáng chế đã đến không phải thông qua công việc khó khăn, nhưng do tình cờ
Trong hầu hết các trường hợp, khi người nào đó vô ý phát minh ra điều gì đó, nhà phát minh đã cố gắng tạo
ra một thứ khác Ví dụ, trong những năm 1930, nhà chế tạo thuốc Roy Plunkett đã cố gắng tạo ra một chất mới có thể sử dụng để làm lạnh các vật dụng Ông pha trộn một số hóa chất với nhau Sau đó, ông đưa chúng vào một thùng chứa áp lực và làm mát hỗn hợp Đến thời điểm thử nghiệm của ông đã hoàn thành, ông đã có một phát minh mới Nó không phải là một chất mới mặc dù có thể được sử dụng cho tủ lạnh Thay vào đó, ông đã phát minh Teflon, ngày nay được sử dụng phổ biến nhất để chế tạo các chậu và chảo không dính Tương tự, nhiều thập kỷ trước đó, John Pemberton là một dược sĩ ở Atlanta, Georgia Ông đã cố gắng tạo ra một loại thuốc mà mọi người có thể sử dụng bất cứ khi nào họ bị nhức đầu Trong khi ông không thành công trong nỗ lực đó, ông đã thành công trong việc sáng tạo ra Coca-Cola, nước uống có ga nổi tiếng thế giới
Các nhà khoa học cũng đã có những khám phá quan trọng một cách tình cờ khi họ tiến hành các thí nghiệm Năm 1928, Alexander Fleming phát hiện ra penicillin, một chất kháng sinh, theo cách này Ông phát hiện ra một số nấm mốc phát triển trong một món ăn với một số vi khuẩn Ông nhận thấy rằng vi khuẩn dường như tránh nấm mốc Khi ông điều tra thêm, ông đã xác định một số tính chất hữu ích của penicillin, điều này đã cứu sống hàng triệu người trong vài thập kỷ qua Tương tự như vậy, vào năm 1946, nhà khoa học Percy Spencer đã tiến hành thí nghiệm với lò vi sóng Anh ta có một thanh kẹo trong túi, và anh nhận thấy nó tan chảy Ông điều tra và học được lý do tại sao điều đó đã xảy ra Ngay sau đó, ông đã chế tạo một thiết bị có thể sử dụng lò vi sóng để nướng thức ăn: lò vi sóng
Exercise 3 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
In 1752, Benjamin Franklin made his textbook experiment with a brass key and a silk kite that he flew in a thunderstorm to prove that lightning and electricity are the same thing In 1920, a kite-flying championship for families and individuals was held in London These two seemingly unrelated events underscore the fact that kites can be flown for both pleasure and scientific purposes For example, in the 1800s weather bureaus flew kites to record temperature and humidity at certain altitudes On one occasion,
ten kites were strung together and flown at a height of four miles to lift men and carry cameras aloft
The kite’s ability to fly depends on its construction and the way that its line is attached The familiar diamond - shaped kite flies when its covered face is aligned against the wind flow The line attached to the nose of the kite pulls it into the wind, thus creating the necessary angle for the lift force If the kite’s