Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.. Read the following passage and mark the letter
Trang 1Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương
CHINH PHỤC CÂU HỎI HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC
DẠNG BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU (P3) Nguồn:Đề thi thử và thi chính thức
kì thi THPT Quốc Gia 2018,2019 ,2020
Exercise 1 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The cause of tooth decay is acid, which is produced by bacteria in the mouth The acid removesminerals from tooth enamel, allowing tooth decay to begin; the saliva in your mouth encouragesremineralization and neutralizes the acid The rate at which bacteria in the mouth produce acid depends onthe amount of plaque on the teeth, the composition of the microbial flora, and whether the bacteria of theplaque have been "primed" by frequent exposure to sugar To keep your teeth healthy, a regular dentalhygiene program should be followed
Removing plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss temporarily reduces the numbers of bacteria inthe mouth and thus reduces tooth decay It also makes the surfaces of the teeth more accessible, enabling
saliva to neutralize acid and remineralize lesions If fluoride is present in drinking water when teeth areforming, some fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to attack byacid Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in another way, by promoting the remineralization of early cariouslesions
In addition to a regular dental hygiene program, a good way to keep your teeth healthy is to reduceyour intake of sweet food The least cavity-causing way to eat sweets is to have them with meals and notbetween The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total amount determines how much harmfulacid the bacteria in your saliva produce But the amount of sweets influences the quality of your saliva.Avoid, if you can, sticky sweets that stay in your mouth a long time Also try to brush and floss your teethafter eating sugary foods Even rinsing your mouth with water is effective
Whenever possible, eat foods with fiber, such as raw carrot sticks, apples, celery sticks, etc., that
scrape off plaque, acting as a toothbrush Cavities can be greatly reduced if these rules are followed when
eating sweets
Question 1:What does this passage mainly discuss?
A.Good nutrition B.Food with fiber
C.Ways to keep your teeth healthy D.Fluoridization and cavities
Question 2:The word “it” refers to _.
A.dental floss B.bacteria C.removal of plaque D.plaque
Question 3: According to the passage, all of the following statements about plaque are trueEXCEPT _
A.It consists of acid producing bacteria
B.It is not affected by eating sweets
C.It can be removed from teeth by brushing and flossing
D.It reduces the positive effect of saliva
Trang 2Question 4:We can infer from the passage that one benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth is _.
A.It strengthens tooth enamel B.It stimulates saliva production
C.It makes teeth whiter D.It is a replacement for brushing and flossing in dental care
Question 5:What can be concluded from the passage about sweets?
A.All sweets should be avoided
B.Sweets should be eaten with care
C.It is better to eat sweets a little at a time throughout the day
D.Sticky sweets are less harmful than other sweets
Question 6:The author of the passage states that the amount of acid produced by the bacteria in your salivaincreases _
A.with the amount of sweets you eat B.with the number of times you eat sweets
C.if you eat sweets with your meals D.if you eat sticky sweets
Question 7:The word "scrape off" is closest in meaning to _.
A.repel B.rub together with C.remove D.dissolve
Exercise 2 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the best answer for the following questions.
In the past, both men and women were expected to be married at quite young ages Marriages weregenerally arranged by parents and family, with their children having little chance to say no in the matter Inthe past it was not surprising to find that a bride and groom had only just met on the day of their engagement
or marriage
In modern Vietnam, this has changed completely as people choose their own marriage-partners based
on love, and in consideration primarily to their own needs and wants Moreover early marriage is quiteillegal
The traditional Vietnamese wedding is one of the most important of traditional Vietnamese occasions.Regardless of westernization, many of the age-old customs practiced in a traditional Vietnamese weddingcontinue to be celebrated by both Vietnamese in Vietnam and overseas, often combining both western andeastern elements Besides the wedding ceremony, there is also an engagement ceremony which takes placeusually half a year or so before the wedding Due to the spiritual nature of the occasion, the date and time ofthe marriage ceremony are decided in advance by a fortune teller The traditional Vietnamese weddingconsists of an extensivearray of ceremonies: the first is the ceremony to ask permission to receive the bride,
the second is the procession to receive the bride (along with the ancestor ceremony at her house), the third is
to bring the bride to the groom's house for another ancestor ceremony and to welcome her into the family,then the last is a weddingbanquet The number of guests in attendance at these banquets is huge, usually in
the hundreds Several special dishes are served Guests are expected to bring gifts, often money, which thegroom and bride at one point in the banquet will go from table to table collecting
Question 8:According to the passage, in the past, _
A.parents had no right to interfere their children's marriage
B.Vietnamese couples were free to make a decision on the marriage
C.getting married at an early age was not allowed
D.Vietnamese marriage was decided by parents and family
Question 9: In former days, the fact that a bride and groom had only first met just on the day of theirengagement or marriage was _
Trang 3Question 10:Which sentence is referred Vietnamese modern marriage?
A.Couples do not get married at quite young ages
B.Marriage is quite westernization
C.Most young people do not have their marriage based on love
D.All marriages are arranged by parents and family
Question 11:According to the passage, which of the following is true about the traditional Vietnamesewedding?
A.Brides’ parents decide the date and time of the marriage ceremony
B.An engagement ceremony is usually taken place half a year or so before the wedding
C.Oversea Vietnamese people do not like to organize a traditional wedding
D.Many of the old-aged customs practiced in a traditional Vietnamese wedding have disappeared
Question 12:The word “array” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.
Question 13:The word “banquet” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.
Question 14:According to the passge, which does not exist in a Vietnamese wedding party?
Exercise 3 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
After two decades of growing student enrollments and economic prosperity, business schools in theUnited States have started to face harder times Only Harvard's MBA School has shown a substantialincrease in enrollment in recent years Both Princeton and Stanford have seen decreases in their enrollments.Since 1990, the number of people receiving Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degrees, hasdropped about 3 percent to 75,000, andthe trend of lower enrollment rates is expected to continue.
There are two factors causing this decrease in students seeking an MBA degree The first one is that
many graduates of four-year colleges are finding that an MBA degree does not guarantee a plush job on
Wall Street, or in other financial districts of major American cities Many of the entry-level managementjobs are going to students graduating with Master of Arts degrees in English and the humanities as well asthose holding MBA degrees Students have asked the question, "Is an MBA degree really what I need to bebest prepared for getting a good job?" The second major factor has been the cutting of American payrollsand the lower number of entry-level jobs being offered Business needs are changing, and MBA schools arestruggling to meet the new demands
Question 15:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.Types of graduate degrees B.Jobs on Wall Street
C.Changes in enrollment for MBA schools D.How schools are changing to reflect the economy
Question 16:The underlined word “one” in paragraph 2 most likely refers to
Question 17:The underlined word “plush” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A.expensive B.affordable C.comfortable D.competitive
Question 18:Which of the following business schools has NOT shown a decrease in enrollment?
Trang 4Question 19: The underlined phrase “the trend of” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by which of thefollowing?
A.the extraction from B.the advantage of
C.the movement toward D.the drawback of
Question 20:Which of the following descriptions most likely applies to Wall Street?
A.a center for international affairs B.a neighborhood in New York
C.a major financial center D.a shopping district
Question 21: According to the passage, which of the following is a cause of declining business schoolenrollments?
A.declining population C.lack of necessity for an MBA
B.low salary and foreign competition D.fewer MBA schools
Exercise 4 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
It is common knowledge that the Internet, often called simply Net, is the largest network ofcomputers in the world It connects businesses, institutions and individuals One of its main uses iscommunication, and electronic mail, or e-mail, is probably the most popular use of the Internet Althoughthe Net is widely used by people of all ages, many adults are now concerned about is possibly harmfuleffects on young people
example, chatting is a popular activity on the Net Electronic chat rooms are Internet sites wherepeople can communicate directly with one another These chat rooms are quite popular with children.However, adults with inappropriate or illegal motives may also join chat rooms Sometimes these adults try
to arrange face-to-face meetings with unsuspecting victims There have cases where children have beentricked by adults whopass them off as children and who give information that provokes to be entirely false.
Another cause of worry for parents is the huge amount of information accessible to users of theInternet Not all information on the Net is accurate, and some deliberately misleading In addition, parentsworry that children may be exposed to harmful material For instance, there are innumerable sites whereexplicitly violent or pornographic scenes are shown Moreover, many organizations maintain hate sites thatpresent racist or politically extreme views
The Internet has tremendous potential for good, but it has also led to some serious questions aboutappropriate use Where protection of their children is needed, parents should not hesitate to intervene.Unlimited freedom on the Net can lead to serious, sometimes dangerous, consequences
Question 22:The author generally believes that children _
A.can learn a great deal from the Net B.should never be allowed to use the Net
C.should not have unsupervised access to the Net D.should be allowed to use the Net today
Question 23:According to the first paragraph, which group is most likely to be worried about children’s use
of the Internet?
A.parents B.teenagers C.business people D.People who work in institutions
Question 24:In chat rooms, _
A.people communicate face-to-face
B.people may give a false impression
C.you know who you are talking to
D.parents and children communicate with each other
Trang 5Question 25:The expressionpass themselves off as in paragraph 2 means .
A.look like B.participate C.pretend to be D.contribute
Question 26:What can we understand about the face-to-face meetings mentioned in paragraph 2?
A.All people in chat groups have them
B.They may turn out to be harmful to children
C.They help to communicate better
D.They give children false information
Question 27:The racist and political extreme views mentioned in paragraph 3 are example of _
A.what you see on some Internet sites
B.what children think they use the Internet
C.parental intervention
D.the huge amount of information available
Question 28:We can understand from the passage that _
A.there is not enough supervision on the Internet B.politicians control the Internet
C.parents should not intervene D.the Internet leads to criminal activity
Question 29:It seems that the main point the author is trying to make about the Internet is that it _
A.can be dangerous B.provides unlimited access to information
C.is beneficial D.should only be used by adults
Exercise 5 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have
evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists These can be dividedinto preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems Passive plant defensecomprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissuesunpalatable or toxic to the invader The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by anepidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by
insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively
trap and immobilize insects If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals mayinhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances,
such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects
that feed on plants The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to becorrelated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests Other possible chemicaldefenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of aparasitic relationship For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degradecell walls These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi
Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals,although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different Both, however, are triggered inreaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreignorganism The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response
In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis ― that is, they become diseased and die ― afterbeing penetrated by a parasite ; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted toone or a few cells around the entry site Several theories have been put forward to explain the bases ofhypersensitive resistance
Trang 6Question 30:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.How the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants differ
B.How plant defense mechanisms function
C.Theories on active plant defense mechanisms
D.The success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms
Question 31:The phrase "subject to" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
A.attractive to B.strengthened by C.classified by D.susceptible to
Question 32:The word "puncture" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
Question 33:The word "which" in line 13 refers to
Question 34:Which of the following substances does the author mention as NOT necessarily being toxic tothe Colorado beetle?
Question 35:Why does the author mention "glycoproteins" in line 17?
A.To illustrate how chemicals function in plant defense
B.To emphasize the importance of physical barriers in plant defense
C.To compare plant defense mechanisms to the immune system of animals
D.To introduce the discussion of active defense mechanisms in plants
Question 36:Where in the passage dose the author describe an active plant-defense reaction?
A.Lines 1-3 B.Lines 13-15 C.Lines 19-23 D.Lines 4-6
Question 37:The passage most probable continues with a discussion of theories on
A.the basis of passage plant defense B.the principles of the hypersensitive response
Exercise 6 Read the following text and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; theseactivities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the others to follow As a worker ant returnshome after finding a source of food, it marks the route byintermittently touching its stinger to the ground
and depositing a tiny amount of trail pheromone – a mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages asthe context changes These trails incorporate no directional information and may be followed by other ants
in either direction
Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a food trail has to be kept
secret from members of other species It is not surprising then that ant species use a wide variety ofcompounds as trail pheromones Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals Investigators working withthe trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculated that one milligram of this substance wouldsuffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth
The vapor of the evaporating pheromone over the trail guides an ant along the way, and the antdetects this signal with receptors in its antennae A trail pheromone will evaporate to furnish the highest
concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is called a vapor space In following the trail, the antmoves to the right and left, oscillating from side to side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first oneand then the other antenna into the vapor space As the ant moves to the right, its left antenna arrives in thevapor space
Trang 7The signal it receives causes it to swing to the left, and the ant then pursues this new course until itsright antenna reaches the vapor space It then swings back to the right, and so weaves back and forth downthe trail.
Question 38:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.The information contained in pheromones B.The mass migration of ants
C.How ants mark and follow a chemical trail D.Different species of ants around the world
Question 39:The word “intermittently” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A.roughly B.incorrectly C.rapidly D.periodically
Question 40:The phrase “the one” in paragraph 2 refers to a single
Question 41:According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds a trail pheromones?
A.To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals
B.To indicate how far away the food is
C.To attract different types of ants
D.To protect their trail from other species
Question 42:The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant in paragraph 2 to point out
A.a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world
B.how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail
C.the different types of pheromones ants can produce
D.that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone
Question 43:According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?
A.They sense the vapor through their antennae
B.They avoid the vapor spaces by moving in a straight line
C.They concentrate on the smell of food
D.They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail
Question 44:According to the passage, the highest amount of pheromone vapor is found
A.in the source of food B.in the receptors of the ants
C.under the soil along the trail D.just above the trail
Exercise 7 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
On the fourth Thursday in November, in houses around the United States, families get together for afeast, or a large meal Almost all families eat turkey and cranberry sauce for this meal, and have pumpkinpie for dessert This feast is part of a very special day, the holiday of Thanksgiving
In 1620 the Pilgrims made a difficult trip across the ocean from England They landed in what is nowMassachusetts In England the Pilgrims had not been allowed to freely practice their religion So they went
to the New World in search of religious freedom
The Pilgrims' first winter was very hard Almost half the group died of cold, hunger and disease But theIndians of Massachusetts taught the Pilgrims to plant corn, to hunt and to fish When the next fall came, the
Pilgrims had plenty of food They were thankful to God and the Indians and had a feast to give thanks They
invited the Indians to join them This was the first Thanksgiving
Trang 8Thanksgiving became a national holiday many years later because of the effort of a woman namedSarah Hale For forty years Sarah Hale wrote to each president and asked for a holiday of Thanksgiving Atlast she was successful In 1863 President Lincoln declared Thanksgiving a holiday.
How much is Thanksgiving today like the Pilgrims’ Thanksgiving? In many ways they are different.For example, historians think that the Pilgrims ate deer, not turkey The idea of Thanksgiving, though, isvery much the same: Thanksgiving is a day on which we celebrate and give thanks
Question 45:When did the the Pilgrims make a difficult trip to across the ocean from England?
Question 46:The Pilgrims immigrated to the New World because _
A.They wanted to search for religious freedom
B.They wanted to be taught how to plant corn
C.They wanted to have more land to cultivate
D.They wanted to make a difficult trip
Question 47:According to the passage, today’s Thanksgiving _
A.is only celebrated in Massachustets
B.is a day on which the Pilgrims eat deer
C.is different from the Pilgrims’s Thanksgiving in many ways
D.is just like the Pilgrims’s Thanksgiving
Question 48:Which of the following is NOT true about Thanksgiving?
A.It is celebrated on the fourth Thursday on November
B.It is a day on which Americans celebrate and give thanks
C.Americans usually have turkey, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie for this occasion
D.It became a national holiday thanks to President Lincoln’s 40-year efforts
Question 49:The word “they” in paragraph 3 refer to _.
A.families B.the Pilgrims C.thanks D.the Native Americans
Trang 9HƯỚNG DẪN GIẢI CHI TIẾT
Exercise 1 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The cause of tooth decay is acid, which is produced by bacteria in the mouth The acid removes mineralsfrom tooth enamel, allowing tooth decay to begin; the saliva in your mouth encourages remineralization andneutralizes the acid The rate at which bacteria in the mouth produce acid depends on the amount of plaque
on the teeth, the composition of the microbial flora, and whether the bacteria of the plaque have been
"primed" by frequent exposure to sugar To keep your teeth healthy, a regular dental hygiene programshould be followed
Removing plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss temporarily reduces the numbers of bacteria in themouth and thus reduces tooth decay It also makes the surfaces of the teeth more accessible, enabling saliva
to neutralize acid and remineralize lesions If fluoride is present in drinking water when teeth are forming,some fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to attack by acid.Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in another way, by promoting the remineralization of early carious lesions
In addition to a regular dental hygiene program, a good way to keep your teeth healthy is to reduce yourintake of sweet food The least cavity-causing way to eat sweets is to have them with meals and not between.The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total amount determines how much harmful acid thebacteria in your saliva produce But the amount of sweets influences the quality of your saliva Avoid, if youcan, sticky sweets that stay in your mouth a long time Also try to brush and floss your teeth after eatingsugary foods Even rinsing your mouth with water is effective
Whenever possible, eat foods with fiber, such as raw carrot sticks, apples, celery sticks, etc., thatscrape off
plaque, acting as a toothbrush Cavities can be greatly reduced if these rules are followed when eating sweets
Question 1:What does this passage mainly discuss?
C.Ways to keep your teeth healthy D.Fluoridization and cavities
Giải thích:Phần này chủ yếu thảo luận gì?
C.Các cách để giữ cho răng của bạn khỏe mạnh D.Flo hóa và sâu răng
Chọn C
Question 2:The word “it” refers to _.
A.dental floss B.bacteria C.removal of plaque D.plaque
Trang 10Giải thích:Từ "it" dùng để chỉ _
A.chỉ nha khoa B.vi khuẩn C.loại bỏ mảng bám B.mảng bám
Dẫn chứng: It also makes the surfaces of the teeth more accessible, enabling saliva to neutralize acid andremineralize lesions Chọn C
Question 3: According to the passage, all of the following statements about plaque are trueEXCEPT _
A.It consists of acid producing bacteria
B.It is not affected by eating sweets
C.It can be removed from teeth by brushing and flossing
D.It reduces the positive effect of saliva
Giải thích:Theo đoạn văn này, tất cả các câusau về mảng bám là đúng TRỪ
A.Nó bao gồm các vi khuẩn tạo ra axit
B.Không bị ảnh hưởng bởi ăn đồ ngọt
C.Nó có thể được loại bỏ khỏi răng bằng cách đánh răng và dùng chỉ nha khoa
D.Nó làm giảm tác động tích cực của nước bọt
Dẫn chứng: The rate at which bacteria in the mouth produce acid depends on the amount of plaque on theteeth, the composition of the microbial flora, and whether the bacteria of the plaque have been "primed" byfrequent exposure to sugar Chọn B
Question 4:We can infer from the passage that one benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth is _
A.It strengthens tooth enamel B.It stimulates saliva production
C.It makes teeth whiter D.It is a replacement for brushing and flossing in dental care
Giải thích:Chúng ta có thể suy luận từ đoạn văn rằng một lợi ích của fluoride đối với sức khỏe răng miệng
là gì?
A.Nó tăng cường men răng
B.Nó kích thích sản xuất nước bọt
C.Làm cho răng trắng hơn
D.Nó là một chất thay thế cho việc đánh răng và dùng chỉ nha khoa chăm sóc răng
Dẫn chứng: If fluoride is present in drinking water when teeth are forming, some fluoride is incorporatedinto the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to attack by acid Fluoride toothpaste seems to act
in another way, by promoting the remineralization of early carious lesions Chọn A
Question 5:What can be concluded from the passage about sweets?
A.All sweets should be avoided
B.Sweets should be eaten with care
C.It is better to eat sweets a little at a time throughout the day
D.Sticky sweets are less harmful than other sweets
Giải thích:Điều gì có thể kết luận từ đoạn văn về đồ ngọt?
A.Tất cả các đồ ngọt nên được tránh
B.Kẹo phải được ăn một cáchcẩn thận
C.Tốt hơn là nên ăn kẹo vào 1 khoảng thời gian nhất định trong ngày
D.Các đồ ngọt có vị ngọt ít gây hại hơn các đồ ngọt khác
Chọn B
Trang 11Question 6:The author of the passage states that the amount of acid produced by the bacteria in your salivaincreases _.
A.with the amount of sweets you eat B.with the number of times you eat sweets
C.if you eat sweets with your meals D.if you eat sticky sweets
Giải thích:Tác giả của đoạn văn nói rằng lượng axit sinh ra từ vi khuẩn trong nước bọt của bạn tăng
theo _
A.lượng kẹo mà bạn ăn B.số lần bạn ăn kẹo
C.nếu bạn ăn kẹo với bữa ăn chính của bạn D.nếu ăn kẹo dẻo
Dẫn chứng:The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total amount determines how much harmfulacid the bacteria in your saliva produce
Chọn B
Question 7:The word "scrape off" is closest in meaning to _.
Giải thích:Từ "scrap off" có nghĩa gần với _
A.cự tuyệt B.xoay với C.loại bỏ D.phân hủy scrap off: loại bỏScrap off = Remove
Chọn C
DỊCH BÀI ĐỌC:
Nguyên nhân gây sâu răng là do axit gây ra bởi vi khuẩn trong miệng Axit loại bỏ các chất khoáng từ menrăng, bắt đầu tạo ra sâu răng; nước bọt trong miệng của bạn giúp tái tạo và vô hiệu hóa axit Tỷ lệ vi khuẩntrong miệng tạo ra axit phụ thuộc vào lượng mảng bám trên răng, thành phần của hệ thực vật vi khuẩn, vàliệu vi khuẩn của mảng bám có bị "mồi" do tiếp xúc thường xuyên với đường Để giữ cho răng khỏe mạnh,nên tuân theo một quy trình vệ sinh nha khoa thông thường
Loại bỏ mảng bám bằng bàn chải đánh răng và chỉ nha khoa tạm thời làm giảm số lượng vi khuẩn trongmiệng và do đó làm giảm sâu răng Nó cũng làm cho các bề mặt của răng dễ tiếp cận hơn, cho phép nước bọttrung hoà axit và tái tạo các vết thương Nếu fluoride có trong nước uống khi răng đang hình thành, một sốflorua được kết hợp vào men răng, làm cho chúng có khả năng chống lại sự tấn công của axit Thuốc đánhrăng có chứa fluoride dường như hoạt động theo cách khác, bằng cách thúc đẩy việc tái tạo các vết thương.Ngoài việc vệ sinh răng miệng thường xuyên, cách tốt nhất để giữ cho răng khỏe mạnh là giảm lượng đồ ănngọt Cách ăn kẹo ít gây sâu răng nhất là ăn cùng các bữa ăn chính chứ không phải là giữa các bữa ăn Số lầnbạn ăn kẹo thay vì tổng số lượng xác định sẽ quyết định lượng axit gây hại vi khuẩn trong nước bọt Nhưnglượng kẹo có ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng nước bọt của bạn Nấu có thể thì hãy tránh để kẹo dính trên rangtrong một thời gian dài Cũng cố gắng đánh răng và xỉa răng sau khi ăn các thức ăn có đường Sức miệngbằng nước cũng có hiệu quả
Bất cứ khi nào có thể, ăn các thực phẩm có chất xơ, chẳng hạn như cà rốt sống, táo, cần tây, vv, loại bỏmảng bám, chúng hoạt động như một bàn chải đánh răng Sâu răng có thể được giảm đáng kể nếu các quytắc này được tuân theo khi bạn ăn kẹo
Trang 12Exercise 2 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the best answer for the following questions.
In the past, both men and women were expected to be married at quite young ages Marriages were generallyarranged by parents and family, with their children having little chance to say no in the matter In the past itwas not surprising to find that a bride and groom had only just met on the day of their engagement ormarriage
In modern Vietnam, this has changed completely as people choose their own marriage-partners based onlove, and in consideration primarily to their own needs and wants Moreover early marriage is quite illegal.The traditional Vietnamese wedding is one of the most important of traditional Vietnamese occasions.Regardless of westernization, many of the age-old customs practiced in a traditional Vietnamese weddingcontinue to be celebrated by both Vietnamese in Vietnam and overseas, often combining both western andeastern elements Besides the wedding ceremony, there is also an engagement ceremony which takes placeusually half a year or so before the wedding Due to the spiritual nature of the occasion, the date and time ofthe marriage ceremony are decided in advance by a fortune teller The traditional Vietnamese weddingconsists of an extensivearray of ceremonies: the first is the ceremony to ask permission to receive the bride,
the second is the procession to receive the bride (along with the ancestor ceremony at her house), the third is
to bring the bride to the groom's house for another ancestor ceremony and to welcome her into the family,then the last is a weddingbanquet The number of guests in attendance at these banquets is huge, usually in
the hundreds Several special dishes are served Guests are expected to bring gifts, often money, which thegroom and bride at one point in the banquet will go from table to table collecting
Question 8:According to the passage, in the past, _
A.parents had no right to interfere their children's marriage
B.Vietnamese couples were free to make a decision on the marriage
C.getting married at an early age was not allowed
D.Vietnamese marriage was decided by parents and family
Giải thích:Theo đoạn văn, ở quá khứ, _
A.Cha mẹ không có quyền cảm trở hôn nhân của con họ
B.Những cặp đôi người Việt thì tự do được đưa ra quyết định về hôn nhân của họ
C.Kết hôn sớm thì không được cho phép
D.Người Việt kết hôn được sắp xếp bởi bố mẹ và gia đình
Thông tin: In the past, both men and women were expected to be married at quite young ages Marriageswere generally arranged by parents and family, with their children having little chance to say no in thematter
Tạm dịch: Ở quá khứ, cả nam và nữ đều được mong đợi kết hôn vào tuổi còn rất trẻ Kết hôn nói chungđược sắp xếp bởi bố mẹ và gia đình, với những đứa con của họ có rất ít cơ hội nó không trong vấn đề này
Chọn D
Question 9: In former days, the fact that a bride and groom had only first met just on the day of theirengagement or marriage was _
Giải thích:Ngày trước, sự thật là khi để một cô dâu và chú rể chỉ có gặp nhau vào ngày đính hôn hay kếthôn của họ thì _
B.uncommon: không phổ biến D.surprising: bất ngờ
Trang 13Thông tin: In the past it was not surprising to find that a bride and groom had only just met on the day oftheir engagement or marriage.
Tạm dịch:Ở quá khứ, thật sự không bất ngờ khi để một cô dâu và chú rể chỉ có gặp nhau vào ngày đính hônhay kết hôn của họ
Chọn A
Question 10:Which sentence is referred Vietnamese modern marriage?
A.Couples do not get married at quite young ages
B.Marriage is quite westernization
C.Most young people do not have their marriage based on love
D.All marriages are arranged by parents and family
Giải thích:Câu nào nói đến hôn nhân của người Việt thời hiện đại?
A.Những cặp đôi không kết hôn ở tuổi trẻ
B.Hôn nhân thì khá là bị Tây âu hóa
C.Nhiều người trẻ không có được hôn nhân dựa trên tình yêu
D. Tất cả hôn sự được sắp xếp bởi bố mẹ và gia đình
Thông tin:In modern Vietnam, this has changed completely as people choose their own marriage-partnersbased on love, and in consideration primarily to their own needs and wants Moreover early marriage is quiteillegal
Tạm dịch: Ở Việt Nam thời hiện đại, điều này đã thay đổi hoàn toàn vì con người chọn ngườ bạ đời củamình dựa trên tình yêu, và chủ yếu là sự cân nhắc về sự cần thiết và ham muốn của chính họ Hơn nữa kếthôn sớm là phạm pháp
Chọn A
Question 11:According to the passage, which of the following is true about the traditional Vietnamesewedding?
A.Brides’ parents decide the date and time of the marriage ceremony
B.An engagement ceremony is usually taken place half a year or so before the wedding
C.Oversea Vietnamese people do not like to organize a traditional wedding
D.Many of the old-aged customs practiced in a traditional Vietnamese wedding have disappeared
Giải thích:Theo đoạn văn, câu nào sau đây đúng về Đám cưới truyền thống ở Việt Nam?
A.Bố mẹ cô dâu quyết định ngày và giờ của hôn lễ
B.Một nghi lễ đính hôn thường được diễn ra nửa năm trước đám cưới
C.Việt kiều không thích tổ chức đám cưới truyền thống
D.Nhiều phong tục cổ xưa đã trở thành thông lệ trong đám cưới truyền thống Việt Nam đã biến mất
Thông tin:Regardless of westernization, many of the age-old customs practiced in a traditional Vietnamesewedding continue to be celebrated by both Vietnamese in Vietnam and overseas, often combining bothwestern and eastern elements Besides the wedding ceremony, there is also an engagement ceremony whichtakes place usually half a year or so before the wedding Due to the spiritual nature of the occasion, the dateand time of the marriage ceremony are decided in advance by a fortune teller
Tạm dịch:Đám cưới truyền thống ở Việt Nam là một trong những dịp truyền thống quan trọng của ngườiViệt Nam Không chú ý đến việc Tây âu hóa, nhiều phong tục cổ xưa đã trở thành thông lệ trong đám cướitruyền thống Việt Nam tiếp tục được tổ chức bởi cả người Việt và Việt kiều, thường kết nối với cả nhữngyếu tố phương Tây và phương Đông Bên cạnh nghi lễ đám cưới, cũng có một nghi lễ đính hôn mà thường