Cô vũ mai phương tuyển chọn 45 câu hỏi đọc HIỂU hay và đặc sắc FULL lời giải chi tiết (phần 5)

Cô Vũ Thị Mai PhươngCHINH PHỤC ĐỀ THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2020 45 CÂU HỎI HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC ĐỌC HIỂU VĂN BẢN P5 Nguồn:Đề thi trường Chuyên mùa thi 2019 -2020 EXERCISE 1: Read the following passag

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Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương

CHINH PHỤC ĐỀ THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2020

45 CÂU HỎI HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC

ĐỌC HIỂU VĂN BẢN (P5)

Nguồn:Đề thi trường Chuyên mùa thi 2019 -2020

EXERCISE 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Buying a house is the single largest financial investment an individual makes Yet, in India this act is

fraught with risk and individuals depend on weak laws for justice Occasionally, deviant promoters are

called to account as was the case in the detention of Unitech’s promoters This incident shows up the fallout

of an absence of proper regulation to cover contracts between buyers and real estate promoters A real estatebill, which is presently pending in Rajya Sabha, seeks to fill this gap It has been debated for over two yearsand should be passed by Parliament in the budget session

India is in the midst of rapid urbanization and urban population is expected to more than double toabout 900 million over the next three decades Unfortunately, even the current population does not haveadequate housing A government estimate in 2012 put the shortage at nearly 19 million units If this shortage

is to be alleviated quickly, India’s messy real estate sector needs reforms

The real estate bill seeks to set standards for contracts between buyers and sellers Transparency, arare commodity in real estate, is enforced as promoters have to upload project details on the regulators’website Importantly, standard definitions of terms mean that buyers will not feel cheated after takingpossession of a house In order to protect buyers who pay upfront, a part of the money collected for a realestate project is ring-fenced in a separate bank account Also, given the uncertainty which exists in India onland titles, the real estate bill provides title insurance This bill has been scrutinized by two parliamentarycommittees and its passage now brooks no delay

This bill is an important step in cleaning up the real estate market, but the journey should not endwith it State governments play a significant role in real estate and they are often the source of problems.

Some estimates suggest that real estate developers have to seek approvals of as many as 40 central and statedepartments, which lead to delays and an escalation in the cost of houses Sensibly, NDA government’s

project to provide universal urban housing forces states to institute reforms to access central funding.Without real estate reforms at the level of states, it will not be possible to meet the ambition of makinghousing accessible for all urban dwellers

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Question 1:What is the passage mainly about?

A.The obstacles and resolutions to India’s real estate market

B.The urban dwellers’ inaccessibility to housing

C.The need for urgent reform in housing distribution

D.The lack of housing in India

Question 2:According to the passage, which of the following is the pending in Raiya Sabha?

A.Real estate bill B.Universal rural housing programme

C.Universal urban housing programme D.NDA government’s new scheme

Question 3:Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A.India’s real estate sector needs

B.Real state bill has been scrutinized by two parliamentary

C.Current population does not have adequate housing in

D.Urban population is expected to more than double to about 850 million over the next three

Question 4:The word “fraught” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .

A.coping B.contentious C.overflowing D.tolerable

Question 5:According to the passage, state governments

A.encourage the real estate market B.obstruct reforms to access universal urban housing

C.hinder the housing purchase process D.reject to mount the housing fee

Question 6:The word “they” in the last paragraph refers to .

A.developers B.governments C.estimates D.problems

Question 7:The word “escalation” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to

Let children learn to judge their own work A child learning to talk does not learn by being correctedall the time If corrected too much, he will stop talking He notices a thousand times a day the differencebetween the language he uses and the language those around him use Bit by bit, he makes the necessarychanges to make his language like other people’s In the same way, children learn all the other things theylearn to do without being taught – to talk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle – compare their ownperformances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes But in school we

never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them We do it all for him

We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct itunless he was made to Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher Let him do it himself Let him work out,with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem,whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not

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If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book.Let him correct his own papers Why should we, teachers, waste time on such routine work? Our job should

be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer Let’s end all thisnonsense of grades, exams, and marks Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educatedpersons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or donot know

Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as schoolteachers if they ask for it The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for therest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours Anxious parents andteachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the

world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it

Question 8:What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?

A.By listening to explanations from skilled people

B.By copying what other people do

C.By asking a great many questions

D.By making mistakes and having them corrected

Question 9:The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are

A.basically the same as learning other skills B.basically different from learning adult skill

C.not really important skills D.more important than other skills

Question 10:What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?

A.They give children correct answers

B.They allow children to mark their own work

C.They encourage children to copy from one another

D.They point out children’s mistakes to them

Question 11:The word “those” in paragraph 1 refers to .

Question 12:According to paragraph 1, what basic skills do children learn to do without being taught?

A.reading, talking, and hearing B.talking, climbing, and whistling

C.running, walking, and playing D.talking, running, and skiing

Question 13: Exams, grades and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only beestimated by

A.parents B.educated persons C.the children themselves D.teachers

Question 14:The word “essential” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .

A.wonderful B.important C.complicated D.difficult

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Question 15:The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are .

A.too critical of themselves B.unable to use basic skills

C.too independent of others D.unable to think for themselves

EXERCISE 3: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds When this short amount of time

elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory How did the information get there in the first

place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area.The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, alsoknown as the working memory

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory The most acceptedtheory comes from George A Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can rememberapproximately seven chunks of information A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as

a word or name rather than just a letter or number Modern theorists suggest that one can increase thecapacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together By organizinginformation, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long termstorage

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, manypeople engage in "rote rehearsal" By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep amemory alive Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions

As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear When a pen and paperare not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud If the doorbell rings

or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forgetthe number instantly Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the shortterm to long term memory A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal" This involves assigning

semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long termmemories

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable Retrieving information can be done

by recognition or recall Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory andused often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting Themore cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved This is why

multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization

Question 16:According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM?

A.They revert from the long term memory.B.They get chunked when they enter the brain

C.They enter via the nervous system D.They are filtered from the sensory storage area

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Question 17:The word “elapses” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .

Question 18:All of the following are mentioned as places in which memories are stored EXCEPT

A.maintenance area B.long term memory C.sensory storage area D.STM

Question 19:Why does the author mention a dog's bark?

A.To give an example of a type of memory

B.To compare another sound that is loud like a doorbell

C.To prove that dogs have better memories than humans

D.To provide a type of interruption

Question 20:The word “This” in paragraph 3 most probably refers to .

A.information B.long-term memoryC.a better way D.elaborate rehearsal

Question 21:The word “cues” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .

A.hints B.recognition C.relaxation D.fun

Question 22:Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?

A.A memory is kept alive through constant repetition

B.Multiple choice exams are the most difficult

C.The working memory is the same as the short term memory

D.Cues help people to recognize information

EXERCISE 4: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States was responsible for sweeping changes in attitudestoward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or household arts Its focus on decorative arts helped toinduce United States museums and private collectors to begin collecting furniture, glass, ceramics,metalwork, and textiles in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries The fact that artisans, who werelooked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today

is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century The importance nowplaced on attractive and harmonious home decoration can also be traced to this period, when Victorianinterior arrangements were revised to admit greater light and more freely flowing spaces

The Arts and Crafts Movement reacts against mechanized processes that threatened handcrafts andresulted in cheapened, monotonous merchandise Founded in the late nineteenth century by British socialcritics John Ruskin and William Morris, the movement revered craft as a form of art In a rapidly

industrializing society, most Victorians agreed that art was an essential moral ingredient in the homeenvironment, and in many middle- and working-class homes craft was the only form of art Ruskin and hisfollowers criticized not only the degradation of artisans reduced to machine operators, but also theimpending loss of daily contact with handcrafted objects, fashioned with pride, integrity, and attention to

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In the United States as well as in Great Britain, reformers extolled the virtues of handcrafted objects:

simple, straightforward design; solid materials of good quality; and sound, enduring construction techniques.These criteria were interpreted in a variety of styles, ranging from rational and geometric to romantic ornaturalistic Whether abstract, stylized, or realistically treated, the consistent theme in virtually all Arts andCrafts design is nature

The Arts and Crafts Movement was much more than a particular style; it was a philosophy of domestic

life Proponents believed that if simple design, high-quality materials, and honest construction were realized

in the home and its appointments, then the occupants would enjoy moral and therapeutic effects For bothartisan and consumer, the Arts and Crafts doctrine was seen as a magical force against the undesirableeffects of industrialization

Question 23: The passage primarily focuses on nineteenth century arts and crafts in terms of which of thefollowing?

A.Their naturalistic themes B.Their importance in museum collections

C.Their British origin D.Their role in an industrialized society

Question 24:According to the passage, before the nineteenth century, artisans were thought to be _

A.defenders of moral standards B.creators of cheap merchandise

C.skilled workers D.talented artists

Question 25:It can be inferred from the passage that the Arts and Crafts Movement would have consideredall of the following to be artists EXCEPT _

A.creators of textile designs

B.people who produce handmade glass objects

C.operators of machines that automatically cut legs, for furniture

D.metalworkers who create unique pieces of jewelry

Question 26:The word “revered” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to…

A.respected B.described C.dubbed D.created

Question 27: According to paragraph 2, the handcrafted objects in the homes of middle and working-classfamilies usually were

A.made by members of the family B.the least expensive objects in their homes

C.regarded as being morally uplifting D.thought to symbolize progress

Question 28:The word “extolled” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to .

A.exposed B.praised C.believed D.accepted

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Question 29:According to the passage, which of the following changes occured at the same time as the Artsand Crafts Movement?

A.The creation of brighter and more airy spaces inside homes

B.The rejection of art that depicted nature in a realistic manner

C.A decline of interest in art museum collections

D.An increase in the buying of imported art objects

Question 30:The word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .

A.the Arts and Crafts design B.nature

C.the Arts and Crafts Movement D.a particular style

The Internet started out as a limited network called the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects AgencyNetwork) It was a network of computers that allowed communication even if computer became non-functioning It was the academic and scientific community that adopted Internet, using a protocol called

TCP/IP TCP/IP allows a number of different network computers to be connected together This is called theInternet The Internet allows the creation the World Wide Web or the Web for short The Web consists ofInternet sites that allow data to be shared by others Aside from making the Web possible, the Internet alsomakes e-mail, chat rom and file-sharing and telephoning possible.It even allows people to watch media and

play games

The Web can be read in a browser A browser is simply a software program that uses HTTP (Hyper TextTransfer Protocol) data transmission This will allow you to view Web pages HTTP let you browser readthe text, graphics, animation, video and music that are on the Web page It also enables you to click on a link

on the page using the mouse The links on a Web page that guide you to go from one Web page to anotherare called hyperlinks A Web page usually contains many hyperlinks so that you can “browse” the Internet

It is much like reading a book You can go from page to page and get new information One example of abrowser is Internet Explorer In the address box of your browser, you can type in an address called a URLfor “uniform resource locator”

To be able to use the Internet, you must have a computer with an Internet connection and software that letsyou view that Web pages Internet connection is called a dial-up connection It needs the use of yourtelephone to connect your computer to an Internet service A faster type of connection is called broadband.

This requires a cable or some other equipment If you turn on the computer with a broadband connection, itconnects you the Internet at a time

Adapted from http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET

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Question 31:What is the main idea of the passage?

A.The Internet Explorer can be used to browse the Web

B.The most popular Internet programs are e-mail, chatting and games

C.Equipment is needed to allow a computer to connect to the Internet

D.The Internet is an invention that makes sending and receiving data possible

Question 32:The word “adopted” in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to .

Question 33:According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Web?

A.It consists of sites on which information can be enjoyed by others

B.It allows data to be shared but not for media or games

C.It makes the receiving and sending of e-mail possible

D.It is limited to a certain number of computers connected to the Internet

Question 34:The word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to .

Question 35:All of the following are true of the Web page EXCEPT

A.each Web page has its own Internet site

B.the Web cannot be read without software

C.every Web page has a uniform resource locater

D.Web pages contain hyperlinks that bring you to other pages

Question 36:Why does the author mention a book in paragraph 2?

A.to note a reason why the World Wide Web was created

B.to compare browsing to turning the pages of a book

C.to suggest that reading a book is better than browsing the Web

D.to provide an example of information that can be viewed on the Web

Question 37:What can be inferred about broadband connections in paragraph 3?

A.They do not require an Internet service provider

B.They are the faster type of connection available

C.They are more convenient than dial-up connections

D.They require more equipment than dial-up connections

Early peoples had no need of engineering works to supply their water Hunters and nomads campednear natural sources of fresh water, and populations were so sparse that pollution of the water supply was not

a serious problem After community life developed and agricultural villages became urban centers, theproblem of supplying water became important for inhabitants of a city, as well as for irrigation of the farmssurrounding the city Irrigation works were known in prehistoric times, and before 2000 BC the rulers of

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Babylonia and Egypt constructed systems of dams and canals toimpound the flood waters of the Euphrates

and Nile rivers, controlling floods and providing irrigation water throughout the dry season Such irrigationcanals also supplied water for domestic purposes The first people to consider the sanitation of their watersupply were the ancient Romans, who constructed a vast system of aqueducts to bring the clean waters of theApennine Mountains into the city and built basins and filters along these mains to ensure the clarity of thewater The construction of such extensive water-supply systems declined when the Roman Empire

disintegrated, and for several centuries local springs and wells formed the main source of domestic and

industrial water

The invention of the force pump in England in the middle of the 16th century greatly extended thepossibilities of development of water-supply systems In London, the first pumping waterworks wascompleted in 1562; it pumped river water to a reservoir about 37 m above the level of the River Thames andfrom the reservoir the water was distributed by gravity, through lead pipes, to buildings in the vicinity.Increased per-capita demand has coincided with water shortages in many countries Southeast England, forexample, receives only 14 per cent of Britain's rainfall, has30 per cent of its population, and has experienceddeclining winter rainfall since the 1980s

In recent years a great deal of interest has been shown in the conversion of seawater to fresh water toprovide drinking water for very dry areas, such as the Middle East Several different processes, includingdistillation, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and direct-freeze evaporation, have been developed for thispurpose Some of these processes have been used in large facilities in the United States Although theseprocesses are successful, the cost of treating seawater is much higher thanthat for treating fresh water.

From A Briggs’ article on culture, Microsoft® Student 2008

Question 38:The word “disintegrated” in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to .

Question 39:What does the passage mainly discuss?

A.the water pumping system B.the fresh water shortage

C.the results of water shortages D.the development of water supply

Question 40:According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about London’s water supply

in the middle of the 16th century?

A.It was facilitated since the advent of the force pump

B.It contributed to the River Thames’ flow considerably

C.It was conducted through canals

D.It circulated throughout the buildings

Question 41:Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a process of conversing seawater to freshwater?

A.purification method B.dissolving chemicals

C.water evaporation D.streaming and cooling

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Question 42:The word “impound” in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to .

Question 43:Early peoples didn’t need water supply engineering works because

A.they had good ways to irrigate their farms

B.their community life had already developed

C.there was almost no dry season in prehistoric times

D.natural sources of fresh water nearby were always available

Question 44:The word “that” in the last paragraph refers to .

A.the cost B.treating seawater C.the United State D.this purpose

Question 45:Clean water supply was first taken into consideration by

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