VcM sy giup dri dyng chuyen sang tien cong, Hai tiian le sau, cua Viet Nam, da xay dung dugc nhung don vj diu ngay 7 -1 -1979 giai phring Phnrim Penh va den tien cua lyc lugng \u trang y[r]
Trang 1NHONG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO DANG
GOI QUAN TINH NGUYEN VlfiT NAM
LA "BO D O I N H A PHAT"
Trung tirong LE H A I
Dimg ngd}' 26-9-1989 ngdy qudn tinh nguyin Viet Nam rai Campuehig vi nude, bdo Prochichim (Nlidn Ddn) - ca quan ngon lugn aia Dang Nlidn ddn Cdch mgng Cgmpuclm dd viit: "Trong nhimg ndm arc k}' bi tham dicdi chi do diet chimg Pdn Pot, trin tiii gidi ndy khdng biit bao nhieu Id ke mgnh, ke gidu, nhung duy nhdt chi
cd ngirai bgn Idng gieng ngheo Viet Nam din ci'ni sdng ddn tgc ta md thdi'' Han 20 ndm sau sukiin ndy, trong aide Hoi thao qudc ti "Viet Nam trong the ky XX" td chiiv tgi Hd Ndi ngd}' 20-9-2000, Tiin si Chay y Hiing Cd vdn Chinh phu Hodng gia Campuchia doe tham lugn dd khdtig dinh: "Diiu gi cdn dong lgi trong trdi tim nguifi ddn Campuchia ve Viet Nam trong the ky XX? Dd la long biit an, do Id tinh hint nghi, Id hinh dnh vi mot ddi qudn nhd Phdt tic coi thien xa xoi din dm giiip nhdn ddn Cgmpiichig" Chi cd thi ddnh gid diing sir hoi sinh ddn tgc ky' dieu nd}' neu dot no trong hdu qud khimg khiep, nliung tdnplid ddo Ion md ehi do Pdn Pot ddgdy rg cho ddt nicdc, xd hoi moi tnidng sdng vd dgc biet Id voi con ngiiui Trong ciidc ddu tranh ndy, did mgnh tuyet ddi aig tg vd bgn Id duac Idng ddn, dune ddn tin ccn: cdn did yiu chi mgng aia dich Id chi do diet chimg hi nhdn ddn cam thii din tdn xuong ftnv sail khi bi ddnh do ehioig vdn giir ngcyen
ban chdt tern bgo, da man
Hon 10 ndm giiip bcm Viet Nam dd thuc
hien duac mot dieu k\' dieu: Giiip nhdn ddn
Campuchia anh em tic wv thdm eiia die do diet
chiing viivn len hoi sinh ddn tdc xd}> dimg time
lue cdch mgng cua minh tiin len ddm dicang
nhiem vii bao ve vd xd\' dung ddt mrdc vai tic thi
mot nhd nude dgc lap, cd dm quyin Nlidn ddn
Campuchia goi bd ddi Viet Nam la "bg dgi nhd
Phdt" giip nhdn ddn Campuehig cmh em time
hien cuoc hoi sinh ddn tdc vidai
* Ngu\en Pho Chu nliiem Tring cue Chinh lri
Quan dpi nhan dan Viel Nam, Phri Tu lenh ve
chinh In quan linli nguxen Viel Nam ri
Campuchia (1979-1989) Quan doi vd nhdn ddn Campuchia tien Bo ti( lenh qudn tinh nguyen Viet Nam \e nuac 130-6-1988)
Trang 2NHUNG VAN OE CHONG VE LICH SU OANG
Sau 30 nam chien tranh lien tiic giii phring xim luge bien giai Tay Nam nuric ta, ga\ nhirng
hoan toin dat nuoc nhan dan ta dugc sring toi ac da man, khung kliiep \rii nhin dan ta Thrii
trong hoi binh dang drin sue hin gin cac vet gian dau do mit canh giic ta bj bit ngo chim
thirong chien tranh khoi phuc vi xay dyng lai nhan ra ke thu vrin li dring minh chien luge cua
dat nuric thi lai phii drii phri vrii cugc chien ta trong chien franh giai phring djch da ga\- cho
tranh xam luge ri bien gioi Tay Nam do bgn ta mgt so ton that Sau do ta da giinh lai the chu
Pon Pot giy ra, Duoi sy lanh dao cua Ding, dring tieu diet sinh lyc djch bio \'e lanh tho va
theo tu tuong Hri Chi Minh, nhin din vi quan nhan dan ta x'ira kien quyet giang ti'i djch \ ira
dpi ta da tien hanh thing lgi cugc chien tranh kien tri tim cich cuu van hoa binh giir gin tinli
bao \'e Tri quoc ri huong Tay Nam vi lam him nghi giira hai dan tgc Nhung djch cy tiiyet
nhiem vu quoc te giup nhan dan Campuchia tir mgi de nghi thuong lugng cua ta, lai "gap lua bri
thing 4 -1977 den thing 9 -1989 tay nguoi" NOI cio Viet Nam xim luge Tmric
Nhan dan va quan dgi ta da bio ve vung am muu dgc ic cua Pon Pot chung ta bugc phai
chic chu quyen va tgin ven linh tho giir vung tien hanh cugc chien tranh tir ve, chien tranh bao
on dinh de xay dung dat nuric, cuu mgt din trie ve Tri quric ri huring Tiy Nam Dien bien tinh
ling gieng cuu nhan din Campuchia anh em hinh ngiy cang chung tri rri ring: tap doin Prin
thoit khoi hga diet chung, thyc hien hrii sinh Pot, ben trong thi thi hinh chinh sich diet chiing
dan trie, xay dung lai dat nuric Cugc chien de xay dung mgt "xi hgi trong sach" ben ngoii
tranh bao ve Tri quric o huring Tiy Nam vi lim thi giy chien tranli xim luge Viet Nam coi Viet
nhiem vu quric te ri Campuchia da tri tham Nam li "ke thii tmyen kiep" ngoan cri dinh liu
them tmyen thong va bin chit each mang cua dai de lam suy yeu Viet Nam
quan dgi ta, ghi dau an sau sic trong ljch su' ve Nhung tai lieu ta thu dugc sau nay, da noi ro
\ ang ciia Quan dgi nhan dan Viet Nam rang nga\' trgng khi lien minh vrii ta trong
/ C/;t' do Pdn Pot, nguon goe gfiy ra thdm khang chien chring My, tap doan Prin Pot vrii
hga diet chiing ddi voi nhdn ddn Campuchia chu nghia dan trie cyc dgan da cri chu truang
va chien tranh xdm hive man rg' d bien gioi thu djch vcri Viet Nam
Tdy Nam milk ta Ngiy 14 - 4 - 1975, Pan Prit chiem dugc
Chung ta crin nlio, ngay tir ngiy 3 - 5 - 1975 Phnrim Penh Nhan din Phnrim Penh chua kjp to
Prin Pot di dinh phi mgt so diem tren bien girii thii do vui mung thi ngay phut dau tien da bing
va hai dao cua ta Trong nim 1975 chung di hoang nghe lenh tir quan dgi Prin Prit: "Tit ca ra
gay ra 110 \y xung dgt vii trang tren 20 dia khoi thinh phri" Din ring, din bi, su sai, nha
diem dgc bien girii Nim 1976 chung tiep tuc giao nha buon hgc sinh sinh vien bj liia di nhu
gay ra 280 \ u Bgn Prin Prit xao qu\ el dinh lira nhung bay no le
ta nrii dri chi li hanh dgng cua cap durii Nga\- 20 - 5 - 1975, Thuring \y Tmng uong
Den ngay 3 0 - 4 - 1 9 7 7 Pon Pot mo cugc tien Dang Pon Pot hgp quyit djnh ba chu tmong Irin:
cring toan tu\'en phit dring cugc chien tranh 1 Lam trgng sach ngi bri nhin dan
TAP CHI LICH SO OANG-SO 2/2009 31
Trang 3NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE L|CH SO OANG
2 Xac djnh Viet Nam la ke thu s6 1, ke thu
truyen kiep
3 Xay dyng xa hgi moi cua Campuchia
khring chg khong tiin, khring tmong hgc,
khring tri thirc, khring ton giio, khring do thj
Cugc tiin cong xam luge Viet Nam cua tap
dgan Pon Pot tien hanh dring thoi, xen ke va phoi
hgp chit che voi cugc thanh hung nrii bg thanh
Igc nhan dan diet chung chinh dan tgc minh, Sau
3 nim 8 thing 20 ngiy duoi che do Pon Pot, theg
thong ke cua Mat trgn dodn kit ddn toe ciru nude
Campuchia, bgn diet chung Pon Pot da giet hai
hgn 2.700,000 nguoi tan phi va dag Ion toan bg
dat nuric va xa hgi Campuchia,
Su khung bri va kim kep da man ciia Prin Pot (3a
lam bung len hing loat cugc nrii day chring che dg
diet chung ri khip mgi noi tu' Dong Bic den Tay
Nam ma dinh cag li Quan khu Dong,
Kongpringchim, Pra>'veng, Xgii Rieng, Hang van
dan Campucliia da chay thoit sang tj nan ri Viet
Nam Nhiing nguoi lanh dao cugc nrii day chong
Pon Prit ri cic noi di hgp lai, xay dyng lai Dang
Nhan dan cich mang Campuchia VcM sy giup dri
cua Viet Nam, da xay dung dugc nhung don vj diu
tien cua lyc lugng \u trang yeu nuric Campuchia
Ngay 2 -12 -1978, Mat tran dgan ket dan trie cim
nuric Campuchia voi Dang Nhan dan cich mang
Campuchia lam nring crit lanh dao da thanh lap va
ra mat nlian dan ri mgt khu rung thugc tinh Krochie
Mat ti-an da khan thiet de nghj Viet Nam ciru giup
nlian din Caiipuchia thgit khrii hga diet chung
Tap doan Pon Prit cy tuyet mgi cri ging cim
van hoa binh cua ta ngay cang day manh chien
tranh xam luge Ke tir thing 5 -1975 den thing
12 - 1978, quan Pon Prit da giit hai hon 5.000
nguoi dan thirong Viet Nam, lam bi thuong gan
5.000 ngurii, bit va dua di thu tieu hon 20.000 nguoi; hang ngin tmong hgc benh vien, co sa
y ti, nha tho, chua chiin bj dot phi, trau bri bi cugp giit lua mau bj phi hoai Hang van hec ta mgng dit va drin dien cag su o 'voing bien girii Tay Nam bi ba hgang, nira trieu dan sat bien gioi phii bri nhi bo dit, bri mgng chay dat vi
phia Dong Vin di da ra ring: phdi xod bo che
do diet chung Pon Pot nguyen nhdn, nguon gdc gay ra cugc diet chimg thdm khoe do voi chinh ddn tgc minh vd gay ra cugc chien Hanh xdm luge man rg d bien gioi Tdy Nam nude ta
Chung nag crin chi do diet chung Pon Pat thi dan trie Campuchia con dim chim trang tham hga diet chung va Viet Nam khring bag giri co hgi binh va on djnh de xay dyng
Ngiy 10 - 12 - 1978, Pon P6t su' dung 10 su doin mo chien djch tan cong Ben Soi, Hong Ngy, Bay Nui, Ha Tien voi muc tieu chu yeu la chiim thi xa Tay Ninh, Ngay 23 - 12 - 1978 bg dgi ta mg cugc phan cgng va cung voi cac lyc lugng vri frang yeu nuoc Campuchia moi xay dyng chuyen sang tien cong, Hai tiian le sau, ngay 7 -1 -1979 giai phring Phnrim Penh va den ngiy 17 - 1 -1979, sau 25 ngay, tat ca cac thanh pho, thj xa, thi tran tren dat nuoc Campuchia da dugc hgan tgan giii phring khrii che dg diet chung; voi mgt chien djch phan cring va tien cong cri chieu sau fren 500km va chieu rgng cring tren 500km, gianh dugc thing lgi nhanh ggn, dinh tan 23 su dgan cua Prin Pot Thing lgi
ay khring phai chi dg Iring diing cim va nghe thuat quan sy ma dieu cyc ky quan trgng la nhri
sy ung hg cua nhan dan Campuchia Khong co
sy ung hg ciia nhan dan Campuchia khong the cri toe dg nliaiih chring dri
Trang 4NHLFNG VAN OE CHONG VE LICH SU OANG
Tren ca cic huring cic chien sT tinh nguyen giiip nhdn ddn nude bgn thodt khoi hog diet
Viet Nam dugc drin tiep bing sy vui mimg khring chung thue hien hoi sinh ddn tgc Kien quyet
ke xiet cua nhung nguoi din Campuchia dugc vd kien Hi hodn thdnh mgi nhiem vii chien ddu
giai phong Nhimg ngurii gii 6 tinh Bat Dam vd giiip bgn, gidnh thdng lgi tivn ven ea ve
Boong ke: "Chimg toi theo dgo Phdt ngdy dem chinh tri vd qudn sir, truoc mat vd lau ddi
cdu Trdi klian Phat ciru giup, nhung ngdy ndy Mgt nhiem \ y quan trgng hang diu li quin
qua ngdy khdc khong thdy ai den Chimg toi nghi triet cho bri dgi ta tinh chdt vd muc dich chinh
tren coi doi ndy ehi CO Viet Nam co the cim chimg tri cua cugc chien tranh cua ta Day li cugc
tdi Qua nhien bg dgi Viet Nam da den" Bg drii ta chien tranh chinh nghTa bio ve Tri quric nhim
bang hoing xuc dgng tmric sy dau kho cung cue danh bai chien tranh xam luge phuc vu chien
cua nhin dan Campuchia sy da man kinh trim luge cua nuric ngoai cua tip doin Pan Prit bao
cua che do Prin Pot, khi tin mit chimg kien ve chu quyen toin ven lanh tbri, giir vung hoa
nhimg gi da xiy ra crin khung khiep gap brii, binh rin djnh de xiy dung dat nuric, giup nhan
ngoii SU'C turing tugng cua con ngurii din Campuchia thoit khrii hga diet chung giiip
Ngay 8 - 1 - 1979, lyc lucmg yeu nuric lyc lugng yeu nuric vi cich mang Campuchia
Campuchia tuyen bo thinh lap Hgi dong nhdn dinh dri che do Pon Pot xay dung lai dat nuric,
ddn cdch mgng Campuchia, dimg dau la Chu khrii phuc tinh doan ket tmyen thring Viet Nam
tich Heng Som rin - Campuchia Muc dich chinh trj cua cugc chien
2 Sir thdng nhdt giua nhiem vii ddn tgc vd tranh big ve To quoc cua ta vi muc dich chinh
nghia vii quoc te, "giiip nhdn ddn mrdc hgn Id tii cua cugc chien tranh giii phring cua ban
minh tir giiip minh" thring nhat chit che, cung chong ke thii chung
Curie chien tranh bio ve To quoc ri huong Tay vi lgi ich song crin cua hai dan trie
Nam va murii nam giup ban ri Campuchia la cugc Trong cugc chien tranh niy, nhiem vu dan
chien tranh giir nirri'c dau tien cua nhan dan la sau trie vi nghTa vu quric te la thring nhit dri li
khi dat nuric hoan toin dric lap thring iiliat chan ly cua tu turing Ho Chi Minh: "Giiip nhdn
Phuong hircing va yeu cau co ban cua cring ddn nude bgn Id minh tu giiip minh"
tcic giao due chinh trj lanh daa tu turing trong Day la mgt cugc lien minh chien ddu giira ta
suot qua trinh lien hinh chien tranh va lam va ban Luc lugng tien hinh chien tranh bao grim
nhiem \LI quoc te tren dat ban li: Qudn triet ci luc lugng ta vi lyc lugng ban Vig thrii diem
duong loi chu truong cua Dang, tinh chdt muc phit dgng cugc tien cring, ban di xay dung 21
dich chinh nghia cua chien tranh su thong nhdt heu doan bg binh va gin 100 dgi cong tic van
giicg nhiem vii ddn tgc vd nghla vu quoc te Boi dring quin chung Lyc lugng Campuchia liic dau
duong tinh thdn yen nude chdn chinh kien crin nho chua du sire ty minh dinh do che do diet
qiiyei hao ve chu quyen vd todn ven Idnh tho chung nhimg dri li dai bieu hgp phip cho y
bao ve nhdn ddn vd su on dinh cua ddt nicdc: ngmen cua nhan dan Campuchia se phat trien
bdi duong tinh thdn qudc te trong sdng cim manh me \a timg buric dam duong cugc dau
TAP CHI LICH SU OANG - SO 2/2009 33
Trang 5NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO OANG
tranh Hai luc lugng ta va ban deu cri vai frri quyet chu\'en gia quan sy, Khi ban chua du su:c giu- ma dinh vi lau dai lyc lugng Campuchia la lyc lugng ta nit \'e thi bgn Prin Pot lap tire phan cring lap quyit djnh thing lgi cuii cung cua each mang lai ich thring trj cua chung, Tinh hinh se dien ra Canpuchia Nga}' tu' diu Ding ta da xac dinh ro nhu the naa? Cugc diet chung moi se tin bao ring quan diem dri the hien tinh thin vo tu, frang gap bgi vi quan Prin Pot lai ip sit bien girii Viet sing ciia Ding vi nhan din ta frang viec giup baa Nam tiep tiic cugc chien franh tgi ic chring Viet thi hien tim nhin cliiin luge thim nhuan chan ly Nam Cic tinh dring bing song Cim Lang Dong chu nghia Mac - Lenin vi tir tirong Ho Chi Minh: Nam Bg, Tay Nguyen va ca mien Nam tiep tuc cich mang ri nuric nio phai da chinh nhan dan khong on djnh, that bai cua lyc lugng yeu nuric
nuric do ty lam lay, nhan dan mrii nuoc la lyc va tien bg se gay chan dgng voi ban be khich le
lugng cuoi cung quyet djnh van menh cugc dau cac the lyc thu djch chring phi ta tir nhieu mat tranh cich mang ciia minh Dring thoi quan diem Cin bg va chien sT ta vira hgin thanh thing
do Cling dy bao fruric nhiem vy khri khan gian khri lgi cugc chien franh giai phring dan tgc tiuong cua ta phoi hgp voi ban va giup ban tiirong thanh ky lai phai buoc ngay vag cugc chien tranh bao
de du SU'C ty dim duong cugc diu ti-aiih ve Tri quoc chang bgn phin bgi Prin Prit Dat Han 23 su doin Pon Pot bj danh tan chay nuac eon dang ra sire han gin vet thuong chien
ve bien gicri Tay, Tay Bic va rut via mgt so tranh chong My, con gap biet baa khri khan mgi vung rung nui trang ngi dja Campuchia Voi sy mat, doi song nhan dan can thieu thrin, gia dinh giiip dg cua ben ngoai va tir nhiing cin cu' ben hau phuong bg dgi chua rin djnh Tam frang cua kia bien girii, chung tap hgp lai lyc lugng, to bg dgi vi chuyen gia quan sy sau khi giup ban chuc phin kich, khung bri nhan din, ngay cing danh dri chi do diet chung, giii phring dit nuoc, tang ve quy mo va curing dg dat nhan dan deu mang muon dugc trof ve To quric, y nguyen Campuchia vira dugc giai phring tm'oc nguy co do la tir nhien tir nguoi chi huy caa cip din che do diet chung quay trri lai Dang Nhan dan chien sT moi Cong tic chinh trj, tir tirong da each mang va Nha nuric Campuchia the theo quin triet chu tmong cua Dang, dgng vien bg nguyen vgng kliin thiet cua nhan dan dgi, nhan ro tinh hinh, kien quyit va kien tri giiip Campuchia chinh thu'c de nghj Chinh phu ta di ban Bg dgi ta da nhanh chring xic djnh ro thai quan tinh nguyen vi chuyen gia quan sy Viet dg, thong suot nhiem vy Can bg, chiin sT mot
Nam 0 lai mgt thrii gian giup ban big ve thanh don vj chit 6 bien gicfr phia Tay Campuchia khi
qua each mang va xi}' dyng lyc lugng mgi mat dugc hrii vi sag bg dgi ta phai din tan day chiin
Dang ta da cri quyet djnh rat dung din dap ung diu, da fra lai: "Giiip bgn la tu giiip minh, ta
yen cau cua ban nhat qu}'it khong di cha chi khong giiip bgn ddnh Pon Pot a day thi lgi phai
dp Pon Pot quay tra lai du cha cic thi lyc thii vi ddnh Pon Pot d bien gioi ta nhu Hudc day djch xu}'en tac, \ai khong, ga}' sire ep nhiiu mat thoi kho khan ldm vd ddn ta se kho ldm"
\d\ ta Chu tmong cua Dang da dugc quan triet Cin bg vi chiin sT lim nhiem vu a viing
thong suot frang toan the can bg chiin sT va Dong Bic Campuchia thi nrii: "Ta tdn biet hao
^^ TAP CHI UCH SO OANG-SO 2/2009
Trang 6NHUNG VAN OE CHONG VE LICH SO OANG
cong sire, xuong mdu moi ddnh tan dugc bgn quan he chit che v(fr nhau mi muc tieu thir hai
diet chung Khi ta len ddy, ddt nude la cabin nhat
Campuchia fan hoang, nhdn ddn kiet que, Ve phia ta, Bg Chinh trj BCHTU" Ding ta
hay gid dang hoi sinh tro lgi vd trong cay vdo ciing xac djnh ba muc tieu chien luge cua ban
17c^/ Nam le ndo ta lgi riit ve de ddt nude vd li phuang hu(frig gianh thing lgi cua each
nhdn ddn ndy lgi roi vdo tay Pon Pot" Thrii mang Campuchia dong thai li ngi dung nhiem
a\' ciu nrii hing ngiy cua cin bg, chien sT vu quoc te cua quan tinh nguyen va chu}'en gia
quan tinh nguyen vi chuyen gia quin sy la ta Thrii gian dugc xic djnh tir 3 den 5 nam Dat
"Giiip bgn la tu giup minh" Biet ring tiep tuc dugc ba muc tieu li gidnh thdng lgi quyet dinh,
a lai li phii chju nhieu hy sinh, gian khri, ta co the riit ve nuoc mgt cdch chii dgng
nhung tu luring vT dai cua Bic Hri, bin chit Nhu vay, ri Campuchia da hinh thinh ro hai
each mang cua quin dgi nhin din da giup bg y do chien luge cua djch vi cua ta
dpi ta thring surit chu truong vi ty giic chap - Y do cua Pon Pot, cua doi phuang la: Ting
hinh nhiem vu 0 nhieu don vj nhring nim curing sire ep ve mgi mat, bugc Viet Nam phii
sau dri, bri dgi vi chuyen gia quin sy da tich nit ngay khrii Campuchia lyc lugng cich mang
cue lam trit nhiem vu chien diu, giup din, Campuchia sup do Pon Prit quay frri lai,
giiip ban cho den ngay curii ciing ri tren dit Campuchia trri thanh dja bin de Pon Prit tiep tuc
ban truric khi trri ve To quoc chring phi Viet Nam Y dri cua ta va ban la:
Cugc lien minh chien dau giira ta va ban fren Thyc hien chg dugc ba muc tieu chien luge, ban
dat Campuchia se phit tiien nhu the nio? Se dat manh len va dimg vung, thanh qui cich mang
den nhung muc tieu cu the nia vi se giinh thing dugc bao ve, Viet Nam chu dgng nit quan, bien
lgi ra sao? girii Tiy Nam nuric ta vung ving, mien Nam
Dau nim 1983 Tmng uong Ding Nhan din dugc on djnh tinh doin ket tmyen thring Viet
each mang Campuchia xac djnh ba muc tieu Nam - Campuchia dugc giir vung dim bao hoi
chien luge cua each mang Campuchia li: binh rin djnh giira hai nuric lang gieng
1 Tiep tuc lam cha Pon Pot tan ra vi suy tin Ba muc tieu chien luge chinh li ngi dung
han nira cua thing lgi quyet djnh cua ban vi ta Cong
2 Xay dung lyc lugng each mang tic ding, cong tac chinh trj da quin triet cho
Campuchia ngiy cing Ion manh ve mgi mat, tir bri dgi vi chuyen gia, xay dyng quyet tam,
dam duong dugc nhiem vy big ve thinh qua kien quyet vi kien tri giinh chg dugc thing lgi
each mang vi xiy dung dat nuri'c trri thinh lye quyet djnh, dri li nghTa vu quric te va cung la
lugng qu\ el djnh thing lgi curii cung cua cich nhiem \i.i dan trie cua chung ta
mang Campuchia Khic vcri thrii ky chong Phip, chring My
3 Tang curing doin ket lien minh Viet Nam tmric di}', ta lim nhiem vu quric te giup ban
- Campuchia len mgt buric mrii tren co so the trong tinh hinh nuoc Cgng hoi nhan dan
\a lire mrii virng manh hon Ba muc tieu niy Campuchia da dugc thanh lap, da cri vj the mgt
TAP CHI LICH SU OANG-SO 2/2009 35
Trang 7NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH Slj OANG
nha nuric dgc lap, cri chu quyen Van de dan tgc
\a quan he dan trie tra nen rat nhay cam Ta trin
trgng dgc lap chu quyen va cic quyet djnh cua
ban tim hieu thyc te nim virng during lrii
chinh sich cua ban \'an dung kinh nghiem cua
ta de giup ban cha phu hgp tag dieu kien de
ban giuong cao nggn eg dgc lap, xay dyng cha
dugc quan he tin cay binh ding giira ta va ban
Do la sy thu thach rat Ion ban ITnh chinh trj cua
cin bg chien sT \'i chuyen gia ta Qui tiinh
giup ban lau dii cring la qua trinh thuong xuyen
vi lien tuc giao due quan diem cua Dang ta, cua
Bac Hri ve binh dang dan trie, ton trgng ban, tao
dieu kien cho ban phit huy ning lyc va tri me
cua minh trong dau tranh vcri djch va hrii sinh
dan trie, xiy dyng dit nuac Dri cung la qua
trinh thuring xu}en dau tranh chong mgi bieu
hien cua tu tuang nuoc Ion, ban an, thieu tin
tirong va ton trgng ban
Trgng thrii gian dai lam nhiem vy tren dat
ban mac du cri liic cri ngi khuyet diem vap
vip nhung nhin chung bg dgi vi chuyen gia ta
da chap hanh nghiem tuc chu truong quan
diem cua Dang, xi}' dung dugc quan he dring
chi anh em tin ci}' thim thiet \'oi ban coi sy
truong thinh cua ban li thuric dg hoan thanh
nhiem vy cua minh
3 Giiip nhdn ddn Campuchia hoi sinh ddn
tgc, qudn tinh nguyen Viet Nam ldm chirc ndng
dgi qudn chien ddu, dgi qudn cong tdc van dgng
qudn chiing Hen qiiy mo cd nuac Campuchia
Quan tinli ngmen \oi so lugng dring haat
dgng tren dien rgng, tir bien gicii den ngi dja
Campuchia trang thai gian dai, van de xay dyng
moi quai he tot dep \'oi nhan dan Campuchia la
\an de cot loi qu}et dinh thing lgi
Danh djch va cuu dan la hai viec cap bich nhu nhau Nhiiu nguoi dan da dugc criru song ngay khi sip bj bgn Prin Pgt hinh quyet, nhieu
ngurii kiet su'c da dugc hg dgi ta khieng cing dua vi Tren tain bg dit nuac Campuchia viia
dugc giii phring, bg dgi Viet Nam chuyen gia Viet Nam vi ban Campuchia da giup hang chuc van, hing hieu dan tieu tuy drii khat, timg dgan, timg dgan nguri'i tro^ ve que cir, noi ma
bgn Prin Pgt da bugc hg phii roi bri 6 dau
cung phii cim drii, cuu dau, giup dan bit tay vio sin xuat va lam lai nha cira, lap benh xa, khoi phuc tmong hgc, chua chien Thau hieu tinh cinh khri khin cua nguoi dan Campuchia, nhieu chien sT va chuyen gia Viet Nam dugc phii ve nuric dem nhung giong lua hat rau tot cua que huong minh sang giup timg gia dinh, tung xom ap o Campuchia Cac chien sT ta cam thu bgn Pon Pot giet hai da man dong bio minh nhimg khong he co bat cir hanh dgng tri thii nag doi vai tu binh, hang binh Tu binh, hang binh Prin Pot dugc doi xu' nhan dao nhung ngurii bj thuong dugc cim chira va giup trri ve que nhung nguoi khoe manh dugc giig due va cho tro lai rung ggi tan quan Prin Prit ra hing Ban dau viec nay da lam chg nguai dan Campuchia von het sire cim thu Pon Pot ngac nhien, kho hieu, khong dong tinh sau do da hieu ra va cam phuc chinh sach nhan dao cua
bg dgi Viet Nam Tir do, viec keu ggi binh sT
Pon Pot tro ve voi nhan dan da tro thanh mgt
quoc sach cua Nha nuac Campuchia va tro thanh mgt phgng trig quan chung rgng rai that
sy cri y nghia chien luge
Ngay tu' dau khi qmet djnh de quan tinh
nguyen d lai giup ban Dang ta da xac djnh:
Trang 8NHONG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO OANG
Giiip bgn van dgng qudn chiing de ndm ddn mua thing lgi vugt qua dugc nan drii Sang nam
xd}- dimg CO so vimg mgnh, dap tan dm mini 1981 di tien hinh biu Quric hgi Dang Nhin
gidnh ddn, gidnh chinh quyen eo so cua dich Id dan cich mang hgp Dai hgi lin thir IV \ i ca
nhiem vii hdng ddu vira cdp bach vira ca bdn nuric hen hinh biu chinh qm'en cich mang g
Idu ddi Dang di tin tuong quan dgi ta, vrii bin eg sri Tir boat dring srii noi cua nhan dan trong
chat, tmyen thong Quin dgi nhin dan Viet cao trio hrii sinh din trie, da srim hinh thinh ba
Nam dgi quin chien dau, dgi quan cring tic phong trdo hdnh dgng cdch mgng cua qudn
quan chiing do Dang vi Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh ehiing Dri la phong trio dinh djch \ i lam djch
sang lap vi giio due voi Iring yeu nuoc nong van, phong trio sin xuat va on djnh drii song,
nan va tinh than quoc te trong sing, cri the hoan phong trio xiy dyng lyc lugng cich mang
thanh nhiem vu chua cri tien le trong lich su Nhung phong trio ni}' vi nhung lgi ich thiet
na\' Ke djch ra sue kich dgng van de din trie than, song crin hing ngi}' cua dan nen dugc
giu'a Viet Nam vi Campuchia do ljch su de lai, nhan dan huring ung lan rgng khap cac dja
khgi day tam ly dan trie hep hrii dan trie cue phuong Ba phong trio cich mang cua quin
doan, vu cao Viet Nam xam luge, bja dit nguy chung da tro thinh bien phdp chien luge de
CO Viet Nam dring hoi vi tieu diet giring nrii thuc hien ba muc tieu chien luge
Campuchia Chung hy vgng kich dgng nhan De bri drii ta lim trit cring tic van dgng nhin
din Campuchia tien hinh mgt cugc chien tranh din Campuchia dieu quan trpng truric het la
du kich rgng khip chring Viet Nam giio due quan diem nhin thirc dung din ve
Chap hinh chu truong cua Daig quan tinh nhan dan Campuchia dau tranh khic phuc
nguyen da giup ban cung vrii lyc lugng ban dau nhung dinh kien sai lim xi}' dung Iring tin vao
ciia ban van dgng nhin dan Camuchia tren qu}' nhan dan Campuchia Viec die biet quan trgng
mo ca nuric, doi vcri timg xa, ap vu'a danh dich la thuong xuyen cung co k}' luat bg dgi trong
vira giiip dan, van dgng nhan dan dinh djch lam quan he \oi dan chap hanh nghiem nhung dieu
dich van xi}' dimg dan quan xi}' dung chinh qii}' djnh Bri dgi ta lam cring tic van dring nhan
quyen cic doin the quin chiing gin bri \rii nhin din nuric ban, gap khri khin Irin do sy khic biet
dan ban nhu doi vrii chinh nhin din minh Trong ve ngrin ngii: ve vin hoi vi phong tuc tap quan
khi luc lugng ban crin mong ta su dung lyc lugng Chinh la bing nhung viec lam thiet thyc dinh
quin tinh ngu}'en cung voi ban lap nhung drii vu dich bio ve din, giup din di lim cho din tin
trang cring tic quan chung \u'a dinh djch \ira bp dpi Viet Nam tin cich mang cim hoi dugc
lam dan \'an xi} dung eg sri' ke thu danh bai chien tranh tam ly cua djch
Ta phrii hgp \oi ban tich cue van dgng dan Vrii sy giup dri cua quin tinh ngu}en vi
on dinh cu(ic song vi thue hien cic chu tmong, chuyen gia cic cip ban da tmong thinh timg
chinh sich cua cich mang Tiep theo thing lgi buric ty dam duong viec chi dao \ i thuc hanh
quan su nam 1979 ngay nam 1980 nhan dan xi} dung cung cri co so ap xa theo mot he
Campuchia da lap mgt ky tich, gianh mgi vu thring tir tmng uong den tinh va huyen
TAP CHI LICH SU OANG-SO 2/2009 37
Trang 9NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO OANG
Trong mgt cugc hgp can bg quan tinh ngm'en
vi chu}'en gia quan sy, Tong Bi thu Le Duan da
nrii: Che do Pon Pot coi nhdn ddn Campuchia la
no le nhu site vat, nay nhdn ddn dicgc giai phong,
dugc ti'd lgi lam ngiroi Dieu do co y nghia that to
Ion Cdn bg, chien si qudn dgi ta dirge gido due
Idng yeu mrdc, yeu chit nghia xd hot voi tu the
qudn dgi nhdn ddn mgt nuoc xd hgi chu nghia anh
em phai ldm tot cong tdc van dgng qudn chiing
giiip nhdn ddn nude bgn xdy dimg lgi cugc sdng
xdy: dimg ehe do moi tir eo so Chi co Qudn dgi
nhdn ddn Viet Nam, do Dang ta Idnh dgo ti'di qua
mcry chuc ndm Idm nhiem \n.i gidi phong ddn tgc vd
Idm nhiem vw quoc te voi long nhdn di cam thong
sdu sdc vol nhdn ddn Campuchia vica qua tham
hga, yeu thuong nhdn ddn nude bgn nhu yeu
thuong chinh nhdn ddn minh, chi co qudn dgi ta
moi CO the lain dugc nhu vdy
Bang cong tic van dring cich mang trgng
nhan dan, chien dau de bio ve dan, giup nhan
dan nhung viec thiet thyc quin tinh nguyen va
chuyen gia quan sy Viet Nam da grip phan
cung co tinh doin ket tm}'en thong giu'a nhin
dan hai nuric hai dan trie, de lai long biet on vi
nhung tinh cim tot dep trong dong dao nhan
dan cac dan tgc Campuchia,
4 Giiip bgn tir phong trdo nhdn ddn nui xay
dimg liiv hrgng vu tiwig nhdn ddn du siiv tir bdo ve
Klii ta bit dau giup ban, mgt cau hrii dit ra
ga}' gat: Tu' diem xuit phit la cgn sri khong, voi
hau qua khung khiep cua che dg diet chung,
lieu nhan dan Campuchia cri the xay dyng dugc
lyc lugng cua chinh minh du sire ty dim duong
la}' sy nghiep each mang chong lai ke thu dgc ac?
Trai qua thyc tien gan gui \'6i nhan dan
Campuchia qua hai cugc khang chien chong
Phip va chong My bg dgi ta da thay o^ hg nhihig dire tinh trit dep: can cu lao dgng dung cim chiin diu chan thanh, thuy chung giup do
bg dgi ta Cong tic tir tirong da thuong xuyen giio due urin nin, xay dyng long tin vao kha ning nhan dan Campuchia, Mgt dan tgc da cri chir viit tir thi ky thu IX cri nen van minh Angcg huy hgang, da timg dgan ket lien minh
vi giup do Viet Nam lam nen thing lgi cua hai cugc khing chiin chring Phip va chring My,
dan trie ay cri sue manh tg loti ciia minh
Dugc giii thoit khrii che dg diet chung voi
sy giup do cua quan tinh nguyen va chuyen gia,
nhan dan Campuchia da day len mgt cao trio quan chung hoi sinh timg nguoi tung gia dinh timg thrin ap vi hrii sinh loan dan tgc Chinh la trong cao trio ay ma ta giup ban xay dyng cic doan the quan chung yeu nuoc: doin thanh nien, dgi thieu nien, hgi phu nir, cac tri dgin ket sin xuat, cac thinh vien ciia Mat tran doan ket dan trie cim nuac Campuchia, sau dri doi ten thanh Mat tran doin ket dan tgc xay dyng va
bio ve To quoc Dri li eo sd chinh tri vd luc
lugng chinh tri ciia nhan dan, tir do ta da giup
ban xay dyng luc luong vu trang qudn chimg, dan quan, tir ve va tijyen quan xay dyng cac luc
licong vii trang dia phuong, cic dgi \ai trang
cong tic quan chung, va cac don vi chu luc ma
nong cot li cac tieu doan da tham gia vao cugc tien cong chien luge dap tan che dg Prin Pot Ciing chinh fren eg sri chinh tii va lyc lugng chinh tii ay, chung ta di giup ban phat hien tap hgp va dag tag hing nghin cin bg tir frgng phgng tiig quan chung de cung cri chinh quyen cic cap Tir chri sg Pon Pot nhan dan da dung da\', dim dinh Pon Pot dan quan tir \e phit trien diu
Trang 10NHONG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SU OANG
khap Liic dau chi cri 21 tieu doin lim chirc ning Viet Nam tiep tuc rut cho den nim 1990 thi
\u trang tu}-en tm}'en den nim 1985 ban di xiy rut het
dung dugc luc lugng vu frang nhan din grim ba Dau nam 1988, viec thyc hien 3 muc lieu
thir quin cri cac su doin chu lyc cic don \j binh chien luge phit trien tich cyc ta \'a ban da nhat
chung he thong co quan chi huy va lanh dao tu' tri nit quin tinh ngm'en va chuyen gia sdm hon
trung uong den co so cic lyc lugng vii trang dja ke hogch dir dinh
phuang vira danh djch vua van dring quin chung Ngi}' 3 0 - 6 - 1 9 8 8 le tien frgng the Bri Tu
xay dung eg sri, vcfr mgt dgi ngii cin bg dugc dio lenh vi cic eg quan 719 ve nuric dien ra tai sin
tao g cac tmring frgng va nggai nuric, dugc ren bay Phnrim Penh vrii 5 van nhin dan Campuchia
lu}'en thu'thich trgng chien diu tham du va 200 nhi bao cac nuric Cung thrii
Nrii chung, buoc di cua viec giup ban li tir gian do 5 van quin tinh nguyen cung hoin
cho lain giup, den giup ldm vd cuoi ciing Id bgn thinh nhiem vu trri ve To quric Lyc lucpng crin
ldm ta giiip, roi bgn tu ldm Idy Diu dit ban lai cua quan tinh ngu}'en do Chinh phu Cong
chien dau, phoi hcrp vrii ban, tao dieu kien cho hoi nhan dan Campuchia quan ly va clii dao
ban tm'ring thinh li tieu chi hoin thinh nhiem chung Ngay 26 - 9 -1989 nhung luc lupng cuoi
vu ciia can bp vi cac don vj quan tinh nguyen cung cua quan tinh nguyen da len dirong trri ve
Den nim 1983 ban da ty dim duong dugc To quoc Nhung le tien dua quan tinh nguyen vi
nhiem vu bio ve hai thinh pho Ion li thii do chuyen gia qhin sy Viet Nam 6 Phnrim Penh va
Phnrim Penh va cang Kongpongsoni Nim 1984 cic dja phuong vrii sy tham du cua dring dio
ban tu dam duong dugc nhiem vu big ve them 4 nhan din Campuchia vi cic nhi linh dao Tmng
tinh: Svayiieng, Priyveng, Kongpongcham uong vi dja phuang Campuchia di li nhung
Kaidal vi mgt so huyen cic tinh khic Nim 1985 ngiy hrii quan chung het sire trpng the va cam
ban tu dam dirong dugc mgt phan tren tu}'en bien dgng mimg quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam hoan
gioi Canpuchia - Tliii Lan thanh thing lgi nhiem vu dan trie vi nghTa vu
Quan triet Nghj quyet Bri Chinh tri vi quric te trri ve Tri quric mung luc lugng cich
Quan iiy Trung ugng Hgi nghj Ban can sy mang cua nhin dan Campuchia da Irin manh
Dang Bg tu lenh 719 (phien hieu cua Bg Tu tiuong thinh ty minh dung vung bio ve thing
lenh quan tinh nguyen) da xic dinh: trong 2 lgi thanh qui each mang Dri la nhung curie bieu
ndm 1986-1987 tap trung giiip bgn gidnh duong vo ciing an hrgng tinh dgin ket huu nghj
thdng lgi eo ban ca 3 muc tieu chien luge, giira nhan din hai nuric anh em trai qua bao
dug cdch mgng Campuchia tien tdi on dinh thing tram, sring giri van dom hoa ket trai
virng chdc han tu dam duong dugc nhiem vu Trong thoi gian quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam
Ihang 8 - 1985 cin cu tinh hinh thyc te ta \e nuric dich da dric toin bg luc lugng lien hanh
\a ban da nhat tri ke hgach: den nim 1987 phan kich surit tu' miia mua 1989 den miia khri
lire hrgng xii trang Campuchia tu dam dugng 1991 hy \'gng giinh thing lgi bing quan sir Khi
nhiem \ u bao \'e dat nucVe quan tinh ngu} en ty minh duong dau vrii cugc phan kich IcVn cua
TAP CHI LICH SU OANG-SO 2/2009 39