Linh muc, Tien si Pham Ba Trflc vdi vd'n tri thflc da dat dfldc trong vdng chfn nam dd ba bang tien si, thau hieu gia tri cua ldi Chua Giesu day nhfl Hd Chf Mmh ndi la "cd flu diem la lo[r]
Trang 1LINH MUC PHAIVI BA TRlTC KINH CHUA, YEU NlTaC,
NGirOTl DAI BIEU CHAN CHINH CHO NHAN DAN VIET NAM
L i n h m u c P h a m Ba Trflc (11/1898
-10/1954), ngfldi con ciia mdt gia
dinh gdc dao Cdng giao thupc t i n h N i n h
Binh, ndi s i n h r a ngfldi a n h hflng Dinh
Bd Linh da dep loan 12 sfl q u a n , t h d n g
nha't da't nflde, len ngdi h o a n g de (tflc la
Dinh Tien Ploang), la'y qud'c h i e u la Dai
Cd Viet, ddng do d H o a Lfl, Mdt qud'c gia
ddc lap cd qudc hieu, cd n h a nflde rieng do
hoang de dflng d a u da dfldc xac lap (970)
Qud'c gia d a n tdc Viet N a m cd hcin ngan
n a m lich sii tfl gay dflng va p h a t trien
mdt n e n v a n hoa dac sac d t r e n dai da't
ven bien T h a i B i n h Dfldng hien c h u n g t a
d a n g sd'ng Khd'i cdng ddng d a n cfl sd'ng
t r e n dai da't Viet N a m n g a y cang md rdng
sdm cd y thflc ddng t h u a n , dflm bpc lan
n h a u k h d n g p h a n biet giai cap xa hdi tdc
ngfldi, tdn giao k h a c n h a u , d o a n ket ngay
cang c h a t che de dflng vflng va p h a t
trien; cd y thflc s a u sac ve quyen lam chii
da't nflde, chii q u y e n qud'c gia d a n tdc,
cung sd'ng va chien da'u ba't khua't de bao
ve chii q u y e n da't nflde da h i n h t h a n h va
p h a t trien nen mdt t r u y e n t h d n g vd cflng
quy b a u l a m ddng lflc cho sfl trfldng tdn
qud'c gia d a n tdc, Dd la chii n g h i a d a n tdc,
cdt loi la y chf ddc lap va k h a t vpng tfl do
- ddng chii Iflu ciia q u a t r i n h lich sii d a n
tdc Viet N a m , Nhd y chi ddc lap va k h a t
vpng tfl do m a d a n tdc ta da lap nen biet
b a o c h i e n cdng t r o n g lich sii c h d n g ngoai
LE MAU HAN'*'
b a n g xam Ifldc va thd'ng tri de gianh lai
va gifl vflng n e n ddc lap dan tdc,
Hd Chf Minh da tdng ket mdt luan de cd gia tri khoa hoc va thflc tien vd cflng quan trpng, rang: "tfl do ddc lap la quyen trdi cho ciia mdi dan tdc"'", la quyen thieng lieng ciia mpi qud'c gia dan tdc tren the gidi He mdt dan tdc da dflng len kien quyet t r a n h da'u cho Td qud'c hp thi khdng ai, khdng lflc Ifldng g] chien t h a n g dfldc hp
La mdt ngfldi con ciia mdt d a n tdc cd y chl va k h a t vpng ddc lap tfl do P h a m Ba True k h d n g t h e k h d n g m a n g trong m i n h ddng m a u va y chf cua d a n tdc
Vao gifla t h e ki XIX thuc dan P h a p den xam Ifldc va t h d n g tri, bien Viet N a m
t h a n h thudc dia ctia chflng Chi'nh sach thdiig tri t a n bao ciia thflc dan P h a p da lam cho m a u t h u a n gifla d a n tdc Viet
N a m vdl P h a p dien ra sau sac, dac biet
t r o n g nhflng n a m ciia t h e chien lan thfl hai N a m 1941, Hd Chf M m h ve nflde t r u e tiep l a n h dao cudc each m a n g giai p h d n g
d a n tdc, thflc h i e n dai d o a n k e t d a n tdc,
t a p t r u n g lflc Ifldng ciia t o a n dan, d a n h
P h a p va N h a t , de gianh lai ddc lap h o a n toan, lap n e n mdt n h a nflde d a n chii mdi, theo t h e che cpng hoa d a n chii Viet Natn
-*. PCTS, N G N D , Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan
\m Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi
1 Hd Chi Minh Todn tap Nxb Chinh tri Qu(5c gia,
H 1995, tap 5, tr 7
Trang 218 Nghien ciJu Ton giao Sd 1 - 2010
mdt nha nflde chung ciia ca dan tde chfl
khdng phai rieng cua mdt dang phai, mdt
giai ca'p nao Chii trfldng danh dudi Phap
- Nhat ciia Hd Chf Minh da phat huy
dfldc sflc manh ciia toan dan, chdp thdi cd
thuan ldi ngan nam cd mdt, tien hanh
cupc tdng khdi nghia thang Tam nam
1945 - cupc khdi nghia dan tdc thang ldi
trong toan qud'c, lap ra Chfnh phti lam
thdi nflde Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hoa
Day la mdt dien hinh thanh cdng ciia mdt
cudc each mang giai phdng dan tdc, the
hien mdt chii nghia dan tpc sang sudt Hd
Chf Minh da ndi: "Cach mang d dau
thanh cdng cung dd mau nhieu Cd nflde
phai chat dau vua Cd nflde ddng bao chia
dang phai, chem giet nhau lien tiep trong
nhieu nam Nflde ta vua tfl thoai vi, cac
dang phai khdng cd ma'y Trong mdt thdi
gian ngan, cae giai cap dean ket thanh
mdt khdi, mudn dan doan ket mflu hanh
phuc chung la nflde dfldc hoan toan ddc
lap va chd'ng dfldc giac xam lang, dudi
bon thflc dan tham ac ra ngoai bd cdi"'"'
Theo hpc d La Ma chfn nam, Pham Ba
Trflc da dd tien si triet hpc, luat hpc (giao
luat) va than hpe Ve nflde Tie'n si Pham
Ba Trflc dfldc cii di trcng nom nhieu nha
thd Nam 1929, Tie'n si, Linh muc dfldc cii
di lam linh muc chfnh xfl Khoan Vi (nay
thudc xa Nhan Chfnh, huyen Ly Nhan,
ti'nh Ha Nam),
Sdng trong ldng dan tdc, Lmh muc
Pham Ba Trflc da chflng kien tfl nam
1930 trd di dfldi ngpn cd ddc lap tfl do
ciia Hd Chi Mmh, phong trao da'u t r a n h
cua nhan dan Viet Nam da didn ra ngay
cang cd tfnh cha't dan tpc sau rpng dan
den cupc each mang t h a n g Tam vi dai,
ldi cud'n toan dan t h a m gia trong dd cd
nhieu ngfldi dan thupc cac t h a n h p h a n
tde ngfldi, ton giao chfla kip t h a m gia cac td chflc cflu qud'c cung da ddng h a n h
t r e n con dfldng each mang giai phdng eua dan tdc va dflng xay nen Dan chii Cpng hda Viet Nam trong dd cd nhieu trf thflc, nhflng linh muc nhfl Pham Ba Trflc,
Chfnh phii nflde Viet Nam Dan chii Cpng hoa thflc sfl la mdt Chinh phu ciia dan tdc, do dan tdc va vi dan tdc, Hoat ddng ctia Chi'nh phii, ngay tfl dau da td ro mpt y mud'n duy nha't, lam sao dem lai cho dan chung dfldc tfl dc, ddc lap hoan toan va de cho tat ca mgi phan tii qud'c dan dfldc "hfldng tfl do dgc lap nhfl mudn vat dfldc hfldng anh sang mat trdi"'^',
Ve mat phap If, ngay sau khi mdi
t h a n h lap, Chinh phii da ban hanh nhieu sac lenh de thflc hien quyen tfl do dan chii ciia n h a n dan, Ve quyen tfl do tfn ngfldng, ngay 20-9-1945, Chfnh phii
da ra Sac lenh sd' 35/SL, neu rd quyen tfl do tin ngfldng la mdt nguyen tac ciia chfnh the dan chii cpng hda, Vi vay Sac lenh neu ro: "Den chfla, lang tam, nha thd, ta't ca cac ndi cd tfnh each tdn giao ba't cfl tdn giao nao, n h a n dan deu phai tdn trpng khdng dfldc xam pham" Ve quyen cua cdng dan Viet Nam dfldc ghi trong Hien phap nam 1946 trong dd cd
quyen tiC do tin ngUdng
Nflde Viet Nam ddc lap tfl do mdi gianh lai da gap nhflng khd khan ldn, Chfnh quyen each mang dflng trfldc mpt tinh the "ngan can treo sdi tdc"! Cudc each mang giai phdng dan tdc ciia chung ta edn phai tie'p dien vi nd chfla hoan thanh
2, Ho Chi Minh Todn tap Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia
H, 1995,tap4 tr,43, 44
3 Hd Chi Minh, Todn tdp Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia,
H, 1995, tap4, tr, 45
Trang 3Khau hieu ciia chung ta luc nay van la:
"Dan tdc tren het", "To qud'c tren het"
Bao ve va cung cd' Chfnh quyen la
nhiem vu bao trflm, khd khan va nang ne
nha't luc nay Vi vay, phai tang cfldng va
md rpng khdi dai doan ket toan dan, hoa
hdp dan tdc, xay dflng va ciing cd' da't
nflde ve mpi mat
De thflc hien dai doan ket dan tdc
phai Cling cd' Viet Minh, tiep tuc td chflc
mdt so' doan the cflu qudc mdi nhfl Cdng
thfldng cflu qud'c, Cong giao cflu qudc,
Vien chflc cflu qud'c, Hfldng dao cflu
qud'c, Hdi lien hiep Qud'c dan Viet Nam
da ra ddi (29-5-1946), Day la mdt td chflc
rdng rai ciia mat tran trong thdi ky mdi,
mdt sfl kien chfnh tri quan trpng nham
doan ket tat ca cac dang phai yeu nflde
va ddng bao yeu nflde khdng dang phai,
khdng phan biet giai ca'p, tdn giao, xu
hfldng chfnh tri, ddng bao cac tdc ngfldi,
pha'n da'u cho nflde Viet Nam dfldc Ddc
lap, Thdng nha't, Dan chu, Phu cfldng
Luc nay, hdn bao gid he't "bao nhieu
thanh kien giai ca'p, bao nhieu phan
tranh dang phai, bao nhieu dd' ki ve tdn
giao va ndi gid'ng phai ba't ra khdi con
dfldng tie'n trien ctia dan tdc Viet Nam
Tfl nay qud'c dan Viet Nam da lien hiep,
khdng phai chi lien hiep d trong Chi'nh
phii, ma cdn lien hiep d quang dai qudn
chung nhan dan Thd'ng nha't dan tdc la
mdt vu khf sac ben chd'ng lai ke thu dan
tdc Vu khf a'y, ta phai gifl mdt ciia bau
Luc nay bf quye't ciia sfl thanh cdng d
chd tinh than doan ke't"''"
Lmh muc Phan Ba Trflc da tham gia
tfch cflc Ban van dpng thanh lap Hdi Lien
hiep Quoc dan, gpi tat la Hdi Lien Viet
Thang 3-1951, Dai hpi toan qud'c thd'ng
nha't Viet Minh va Lien Viet thanh Mat tran Lien hiep Qud'c dan Viet Nam, Dai hdi da tdn vinh Hd Chf Minh la Chu tich danh dfl ciia Mat tran, Tdn Dflc Thang lam Chii tich; Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc la mdt thanh vien trong bay Phd Chii tich ciia Mat tran
Thflc hien khdi doan ket dan tdc, Pham Ba Trflc dac biet quan tam tuyen truyen, van ddng ddng bao Cdng giao phai kfnh Chfla, yeu nflde, doan ket chat che cflng toan dan day manh khang chien va kien qud'c, dfla khang chien de'n thang ldi,
Khdi dai doan ket dan tdc la chd dfla nha nflde ciia dan tdc, do dan tdc va vi dan tdc Dfla tren cd sci chfnh tri dd bd may chi'nh quyen da dfldc ciing cd' va tang cfldng Cudc Tdng tuyen cti bau Qudc hdi dau tien da dien ra ngay 6-1-1946 danh da'u mdc phat trien dau tien trong tien trinh xay dflng the che dan chii tren da't nflde Viet Nam Chfnh phii lien hiep khang chie'n do Hd Chf Minh lam Chii tich da dfldc Qud'c hdi cdng nhan
Thanh cdng ciia cudc bdu cii Qudc hdi lan thfl nha't va ki hpp thfl nha't ciia Qud'c hdi da bdu ra Ban Thfldng vu ciia Qud'c hdi va thanh lap dfldc Chfnh phu lien hiep k h a n g chien la mdt thang ldi ldn ciia chien Ifldc dai doan ket dan tdc
de thflc hien nhiem vu thieng lieng la khang chien va kien qud'c, gifl vflng ldi the ddc lap ciia qud'c dan ngay 2/9/1945
- ngay khai sinh nflde Viet Nam Dan chii Cpng hda
Thanh phan ciia dai bieu Qudc hdi Ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi va Chfnh phti
4 Truang Chinh Hdi lien hiep cpidc ddn ra ddi Bao
SuThdi so 38 ngay 1-6-1946
Trang 420 Nghien ciJu Ton giao Sd 1 -2010
lien hiep khang chien gdm cac dai bieu
flu tu ciia cac dang each mang, cac giai
ca'p, cac tpc ngfldi, cac nhan si khdng
dang phai va ddi vdi tdn giao, cd dai bieu
eiia Cdng giao, Phat giao, Cao Dai,,
Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc vi Chua, vi
chfnh nghia ma tham gia Qud'c hdi, tham
gia khang chien Xin dfldc nhde ldi ctia
Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc neu ra nhan dip
le Chua giang sinh: "Ta hay vi Chua vi
chfnh nghia ma khang chien oanh
liet Vi chfnh nghia, ta hay doan ket, dai
doan ket chat che vdi het thay ddng bao
toan qud'c; hay het tam thflc hanh va phd
thdng dflc bac ai cdng giao Ta hay dflng
len sat eanh vdi toan the ddng bao dang
khang chie'n lay lai cho ky dfldc ddc lap,
thd'ng nha't, tfl do thflc sfl cho Td qudc"''"
Linh muc, Tien si Pham Ba Trflc vdi
vd'n tri thflc da dat dfldc trong vdng chfn
nam dd ba bang tien si, thau hieu gia tri
cua ldi Chua Giesu day nhfl Hd Chf Mmh
ndi la "cd flu diem la long nhan ai cao ca",
cd y thflc dan tpc, long yeu nflde ndng
nan, da dfldc nhan dan khu vflc bdu eii
tinh Ha Nam bau lam dai bieu Qud'c hdi
khoa dau tien ciia Viet Nam,
Vdi dao dflc va tai nang ciia minh,
trfldc ddi hdi ciia qud'c dan va chfnh
sach dai doan ket dan tdc, trpng dung
nhan tai ctia Hd Chf Mmh, ciia chfnh
quyen each mang dan chii mdi, lmh
muc, tie'n si Pham Ba Trflc dfldc bdu
lam uy vien dfl khuyet Ban Thfldng trflc
Qude hdi (3-1946),
Do tinh hinh chien tranh, tai ki hpp thfl
hai Qud'c hdi da quye't dinh giao cho Ban
Thfldng ti-xtc nhiem vu lien lac vdi Chfnh phti
de gdp y kien va phe binh Chinh phii; eung
Chi'nh phii quy dinh viec thi hanh Hien phap
lien lac vdi cac dai bieu Qud'c hdi va trieu tap Qud'c hpi hpp khi can thiet, cung Chfnh phii quye't dinh tuyen chien, dinh chien hoac ky hiep fldc vdi nflde ngoai, Vdi trpng traeh nang ne dd, Quo'c hpi da bau lai Ban Thfldng trflc do Bui Bang Doan lam Trfldng ban, Tdn Dflc Thang va Tdn Quang Phiet lam Phd Trfldng ban va 12 uy vien chfnh thflc, trong dd cd Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc Den cudi thang 12-1946 khang chien dien ra quyet liet, cac uy vien trong Ban Thfldng trflc dfldc phan cdng di ve cac dia phfldng ddng vien nhan dan khang chien
va tuy theo kha nang va yeu cau ma tham gia khang chien d dia phfldng, Cdn
d Trung fldng, Bfli Bang Doan dfldc phan cdng d ben canh Chi'nh phii de tie'p tuc thflc hien nhiem vu ciia Ban Thfldng trflc,
va tiep theo Tdn Dflc Thang va Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc dfldc mdi ve cflng Trfldng ban dieu hanh cdng viec cua Ban,
Nam 1948 Bui Bang Doan dm phai di chfla benh Tdn Dflc Thang gifl chflc Quyen Trfldng ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi, ben canh cd Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc Thang 2-1950, Ban Thfldng trflc da bau bd sung ba uy vien chi'nh thflc va bau Ban Thfldng vu mdi gdm 5 thanh vien gdm cd Bfli Bang Doan van gifl chflc Trfldng ban, va cae vi Tdn Dflc Thang, Pham Ba Trflc, Tdn Quang Phiet, Dfldng Dflc Hie'u, Tran Huy Lieu Cu Bui Bang Doan cdn bi dm, Tdn Dflc Thang van Quyen Trfldng ban va Pham Ba Trflc la Phd Trfldng ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi ke tfl thang 5/1947 Ban Thfldng vu mdi tie'p tuc gifl trpng traeh thflc hien cae nhiem
5 Linh muc Pham Ba True Ta hdy vt cliiia vi chinh
ngliJa md khdng chien oanh liet Bao Su That ,s6
105, nam 1948
Trang 5vu dd Qud'c hdi de ra tai ky hpp Qud'c hdi lan
thfl hai nam 1946 trong dieu kien khang
chien ngay cang phat trien manh me
La mdt dai bieu Qud'c hdi "cd quan cd
quyen cao nha't ciia nflde Viet Nam Dan
chii Cdng hoa" theo quy dinh ciia Hien
phap nflde Viet Nam nam 1946, dfldc bau
vao Ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi, tren
cfldng vi la uy vien dfl khuyet den Phd
Ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi, Linh muc
Pham Ba Trflc da tfch cflc tuyen truyen
chinh sach dai doan ke't ciia Hd Chf Minh
the hien trong viec bau Qud'c hdi, trong
viec thanh lap Chinh phii lien hiep khang
chie'n; thflc hien duy tri mdi quan he vdi
nhan dan va chinh quyen cac cap d dia
phfldng
Cac chi'nh sach ldn cua Chfnh phii nhfl
chfnh sach san xua't va tiet kiem, chi'nh
sach thue ndng nghiep, chfnh sach rudng
da't, phat ddng quan chung giam td, giam
tflc tie'n tdi thflc hien cai each rudng da't
deu dfldc sfl gdp y va ddng thuan ciia Ban
Thfldng trflc ciia Qud'c hdi
Dac biet Qud'c hdi da quye't dinh uy
nhiem eho Chi'nh phu va Ban Thfldng
trflc Qud'c hdi thi hanh Hien phap phai
dfla tren nguyen tac da dinh trong Hien
phap de ban hanh cac dao luat, Qud'c hdi
tiep tue hoat ddng, ganh vac traeh nhiem
mdi lam nhiem vu lap hien va lap phap,
Thflc hien nhiem vu quan trpng dd tfl
thang 3-1946 de'n thang 10-1954, Ban
Thfldng vu Qud'c hdi da gdp y vdi Chfnh
phii da ban hanh dfldc 1083 Sac lenh ; Qudc hdi da thdng qua luat cai each rudng da't mot Dfl an luat lao ddng va mdt Hien phap 1946
Thuc tien lich sii dd chflng td Qud'c hdi, chii yeu la Ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi trong dd cd Pham Ba Trflc da thflc thi viec lap hie'n va lap phap nhdm dieu hanh da't nflde bang phap luat ngay trong hoan canh ea nflde phai khang chien
Dfldc nhan dan tin cay, bau lam dai bieu Qud'c hdi va Qudc hdi da bau vao Ban Thfldng true, sud't 8 nam khang chien Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc da dem het tinh than va nghi lflc phuc vu sfl nghiep khang chien va kien qud'c, trflc tiep giup Chi'nh phii trong mpi van de quan trpng cho den luc lam benh, va da
di vao cdi vinh hang ngay 5-10-1954, Vdi long tiec thfldng vd cung ddi vdi mdt vi linh muc tan tuy yeu nflde va mdt ngfldi ban than men ,Chu tich Hd Chf Minh da viet trong ldi dieu cu Pham Ba Trflc, mdt vi Phd Trfldng ban: "Trong mpi viec, cu da ket hdp dao dflc bac ai theo ldi Chua day, vdi tinh thdn ndng nan yeu nflde cua ngfldi dai bieu chan chfnh cho nhan dan Viet Nam""''./
6 Hd Chi Mmh Todn lap Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia
H, 1996 tap 7, tr 357