28 chuyên đề ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh ôn học sinh giỏi

28 chuyên đề ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh ôn Học sinh giỏi 28 chuyên đề ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh ôn Học sinh giỏi 28 chuyên đề ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh ôn Học sinh giỏi 28 chuyên đề ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh ôn Học sinh giỏi 28 chuyên đề ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh ôn Học sinh giỏi 28 chuyên đề ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh ôn Học sinh giỏi 28 chuyên đề ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh ôn Học sinh giỏi

TABLE OF CONTENTS – N I DUNG Ộ

27 CHUYÊN Đ V.Ề Bài 1 Sentences Transformation 340WRITING SKILLS

29 KEYS TO EXERCISES Đáp án các bài t p th c hànhậ ự 369

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PH N I – CÁC CHUYÊN Đ VÀ BÀI T P TH C HÀNH Ầ Ề Ậ Ự

CHUYÊN Đ I – PHONETICS Ề CHUYÊN Đ V NG ÂM Ề Ề Ữ

Chuyên đ này sẽ cung c p các kí hi u phiên âm qu c t c a các nguyên âm (đ n,ề ấ ệ ố ế ủ ơđôi, ba), các ph âm (vô thanh, h u thanh), m t s chùm ph âm, và đ c bi t là tuy n t pụ ữ ộ ố ụ ặ ệ ể ậcác bài t p th c hành r t h u ích Trong chuyên đ này, các kí hi u phiên âm qu c t đ cậ ự ấ ữ ề ệ ố ế ượ

s d ng theo m u c a các kí hi u phiên âm qu c t theo b sách giáo khoa Ti ng Anh c aử ụ ẫ ủ ệ ố ế ộ ế ủNhà Xu t B n Giáo D c năm 2006 Ph n phiên âm các t và v trí c a các tr ng âm chínhấ ả ụ ầ ừ ị ủ ọ

đ c th c hi n thông qua vi c tham kh o các t đi n on-line nh MultiDictionary 9.0,ượ ự ệ ệ ả ừ ể ưOxford Collocations Dictionary, hay Cambridge Dictionary, … V i m c đích ph c v choớ ụ ụ ụcông tác gi ng d y và ôn t p thi các c p, hình th c phiên âm và vi c xác đ nh v trí cácả ạ ậ ấ ứ ệ ị ị

tr ng âm ch mang tính tham kh o, và là c s đ gi i các bài t p th c hành kèm theo, tuyọ ỉ ả ơ ở ể ả ậ ựnhiên, các bài t p th c hành kèm theo c a chuyên đ này bao g m nh ng t v ng có liênậ ự ủ ề ồ ữ ừ ựquan đ n ch ng trình ti ng Anh ph thông và th ng xuyên đ c s d ng trong các đế ươ ế ổ ườ ượ ử ụ ềthi

BÀI 1 PHONETIC SYMBOLS

B NG PHIÊN ÂM QU C T Ả Ố Ế

1 The symbols vowel sounds (Các kí hi u ệ phiên âm c a cácủ nguyên âm):

1.1 The symbols of pure vowel sounds (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các nguyên âm đ n):ệ ủ ơ

sounds (Ch cáiữ (Ví d c th trên cácụ ụ ểt )ừ

(Kí hi uệ thể

các âm) hi n)ệ

/ І / a village /’vIlId /ʒ package assemblage

/’pækId /ʒ / ’semblә Id /ʒ

e pretty /’prItI/ represent deliver /di’liv (r)/ә

i sit /sIt/ little /’lItl/ simple /’sImpl/

y happy /’hæpI/ easy /’i:zI/ usually /’ju: lʊ I/

/ i: / ea lead /li:d/ seaside /’si:saId/ meaningful /’mi:nIŋf l/ʊ

ee meet /mi:t/ sheep / i:p/ʃ steel /sti:l/

a many /’menI/ any/’enI/ manifold /’menIf ld/әʊ

/rIk ’mendɔ /k mprә I’hend/

Trang 4

ea head /hed/ spread /spred/ headache /‘hedeIk/

/ æ / a land /lænd/ brandy /’brændI/ sandy /’sændI/

/ ɔ / o pot /p t /ɔ spot /sp t /ɔ slot /sl t /ɔ

a wash /w /ɔʃ what /w t /ɔ watch /w t /ɔ ʃ

a talk /t :k/ɔ walk /w :k/ɔ water /’w :t (r)/ɔ ә

aw saw /s :/ɔ lawn /l :n/ɔ pawn /p :n/ɔ

/ : ɔ / oa broad /br :d/ɔ broaden/’br :dn/ɔ abroad / ’br :d/ә ɔ

oo door /d :(r)/ɔ floor /fl :(r)/ɔ floorage /’fl :rɔ Id /ʒ

or fork /f :k/ɔ sport /sp :t/ɔ transport /’trænsp :t/ɔ

ou fought /f :t/ɔ thought / :t/θɔ bought /b :t/ɔ

o some /sm/ come /km/ done /dn/

/  / u shut /ʃt/ muddy /’mdI/ budget /’bdʒIt/

oo blood /bld/ flood /fld/ bloodless /bldlIs/

ou tough /tf/ enough /I’nf/ rough /rf/

a task /ta:sk/ fast /fa:stk/ broadcast /br :d’ka:st/ɔ

/ : ɑ / ar card /ka:d/ retard /r ’ta: d/ I farther /’fa: r/ә

ear heart /ha:t/ hearten /’ha:t n/ә hearth /ha: /θ/ ʊ / u p u ll /p l/ʊ push /p /ʊʃ pu llet /’p let/ʊ

or oo g ood /g d/ʊ cook /k k/ʊ loo k /l k/ʊ

/ u / ou could /k ld/ʊ would /w ld/ʊ should / ld/ʃʊ

u frugal /’fru:g l/ә conclude illusion /I’lu: n/ʃ

oe shoe / u: /ʃ shoebill /’ u:bʃ Il/ shoemaker /’ u:meʃ Ik r/ә

oo moon /mu:n/ spoon /spu:n/ smooth /smu: /θ

ui fruit /fru:t/ cruise /kru:s/ recruit /rI’kru:t/

a await / ’weә It/ about / ’baut/ә machine /m ’ i:n/ә ʃ

/ ә / o tonight /t ’naә It/ potato /p ’teә It u/ә tomorrow /t ’m r /ә ɔ әʊ

er reader /’ri:d r/ә writer /’raIt r/ә cruiser /’kru:s r/ә

or actor /’ækt r/ә doctor /’d kt r/ɔ ә translator /’trænsleIt r/ә

er prefer merchant merciful /’m :sз If l/ʊ

/ : з / /prI’f : r/з /’m :t nt/з ʃә

ir shirt / :t/ʃз skirt /sk :t/з first /f :st/з

ur hurt /h :t/з further /’ :ʃз  /ә furnish /’ :nʃз Iʃ/

or word /w :d/з work /w :k/з worm /w :m/з

ear heard /h :d/з earth / : /з θ earthen /’ : n/з θә

Trang 5

1 2 The diphthongs and triphthongs (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các nguyên đôi, ba):ệ ủ

sounds (Ch cáiữ (Ví d c th trên các t )ụ ụ ể ừ

(Kí hi uệ thể

các âm) hi n)ệ

a case /keIs/ baby /’beIbI/ lazy /’leIzI/

/ e I / ai maid /meId/ maiden /’meIdn/ maidenly /’meIdnlI/

ay say /seI/ clay /kleI/ play /pleI/

ei eight /eIt/ eighthly /’eIθlI/ eiranic /eI’rænIk/

/ a I / i kite /kaIt/ night /naIt/ mine /maIn/

y sky /skaI/ fly /flaI/ satisfy /’sætIsfaI/

/ ɔ I / oi soil /sɔIl/ coin /kɔIn/ spoil /spɔIl/

oy employ /Im’plɔI/ enjoy /In’dʒɔI/ employment

/Im’plɔImnt/

/ a / ʊ ou mouse /ma s/ʊ mouth /ma /ʊθ surround /s :’ra nd/з ʊ

ow now /na /ʊ power /’pa r/ʊ ә cowboy /’ka bʊ ɔI/

o cold /k ld/әʊ scold /sk ld/әʊ fold /f ld/әʊ

/ әʊ / ow slow /sl /әʊ flow /fl /әʊ show /ʃәʊ/

ew sew /s /әʊ sewing /’sәʊIŋ/ sewn /s n/әʊ

/ I ә / ear hear /hIә(r)/ fear /fIә(r)/ near /nIә(r)/

ere here /hIә(r)/ merely /’mIәlI/ atmosphere

/’ætm sfɔ Iә(r)/

are fare /fe (r)/ә share / e (r)/ʃ ә stare /ste (r)/ә

air hair /he (r)/ә fair /fe (r)/ә stairs /ste (r)s/ә

/ ʊә / our tour /t (r)/ʊә tourer /t r /ʊә ә tourism /’t rʊә Izm/

ire tire /taIә/ fire /faIә/ firemen /’faIәmen/

/ a I ә / yre tyre /taIә/ tyreles /’taIәlIs/ tyre-pump

/’taIә pmp /

yer buyer /baIә/ flyer /flaIә/ buyer /baIә/

/ әʊә / ower slower /slәʊә/ slower /slәʊә/ slower /slәʊә/

/ a / ʊә ower shower / a /ʃ ʊә power /pa /ʊә flower /fla /ʊә

our flour /fla /ʊә sour /sa /ʊә flour /fla /ʊә

/ e I ә / ayer prayer /preIә/ player /pleIә/ sprayer /spreIә/

Trang 6

eyer greyer /’greIә/ greyer /’greIә/ greyer /’greIә/

/ ɔ I ә / oyer enjoyer /In’dʒɔIә enjoyer // In’dʒɔIә employer // Im’plɔIә/

oyal loyal /’lɔIәl/ loyalty /’lɔIәltI/ loyal /’lɔIәl/

2 The symbols of the consonant sounds (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các phệ ủ ụ âm):

2.1 The symbols of voiceless consonants (Kí hi u phiên âm c a các ph âm vô thanh):ệ ủ ụ

sounds (Ch cáiữ (Ví d c th trên các t )ụ ụ ể ừ

(Kí hi uệ thể

các âm) hi n)ệ

/ p / p pen /pen/ paint /peInt/ people /’pi:p l/ә

f five /faIv/ formal /’f :m l/ɔ ә family /’fæmIlI/

/ f / ph physics /’fIz Iks/ physician /fI’zIk n/ʃ physical /fI’zIk l/ә

gh laugh /la:f/ enough /I’nf/ rough /rf/

/  / th throw / r /θ әʊ thunder /’θnd (r)/ә sixth /sIks /θ

/ t / t teach /ti:t /ʃ temple /’temp l/ә tittle /’taIt l/ә

ed looked /l kt/ʊ laughed /la:ft/ stopped /st pt/ɔ

/ s / s site /saIt/ sandy /’sændI/ sample /’sæmp l/ә

c centre /’sent /ә century /’sent rʃʊ I/ cell /sel/

sh sheep / i:p/ʃ sheet / i:t/ʃ English /’IŋlIʃ/

/ / ʃ ch machine chaise / eʃ Iz/ champagne / æm’peʃ In/

/m ’ i:n/ә ʃ

s sugar /’ g /ʃʊ ә sugary /’ g r ʃʊ ә I/ sure /’ʃʊә(r)/

/ t∫ / ch choice /tʃɔIs/ church /t :t /ʃз ʃ chimney /’tʃImnI/

t fixture /'fIkst∫ /ә future / 'fju:t∫ /ә question / 'kwest∫n/

/ k / k kitchen/’kIt n/ʃ kiss /kIs/ king /kIŋ/

/k n’s :t/ɔ з

/’kemIst/ /’kemIstrI/

q quite /kwaIt/ question / 'kwest∫n/ conquest /’k ŋkwest/ɔ

/ h / h hike /haIk/ hunger /’hŋg (r)/ә homeless /’h mlәʊ Is/

2.2 The symbols of voiced consonants (Kí hi u phiên âm c a các ph âm h u thanh):ệ ủ ụ ữ

sounds (Ch cáiữ (Ví d c th trên các t )ụ ụ ể ừ

(Kí hi uệ thể

các âm) hi n)ệ

/ b / b boy /bɔI/ bamboo /bæm’bu:/ band /bænd/

/ v / v visit /’vIzIt/ van /væn/ victory /’vIkt rә I/

/  / th them / m/ә with /wI/ though / /әʊ

/ d / d done /dn/ doctor /’d kt (r)/ɔ ә dancer /’dæns (r)/ә

ed lived /’lIvd/ earned / :nd/з cancelled /’kæns ld/ә

/ z / z zebra /’zi:br /ә zip /zIp/ zealot /’zel t/ә

s visit /’vIzIt/ visual /’vIzj l/ʊә teachers /ti:t z/ʃә

/ / ʒ s vision /’vIʒn/ usual /’jʊʒʊәl/ usually /’jʊʒʊәlI/

/ d / ʒ g germ /d :m/ʒз gene /d i:n/ʒ age /eId /ʒ

/ g / g gift /gIft/ gain /geIn/ girl /g :l/з

/ l / l little /’lIt l/ә lamp /læmp/ light /laIt/

/ m / m monk /m ŋk/ɔ mammal /’mæm l/ә Monday /’mndeI/

/ n / n name /neIm/ number /nmb /ә noise /nɔIs/

/ ŋ / n think /θIŋk/ thank / æŋk/θ sink /sIŋk/

ng sing /sIŋ/ thing /θIŋ/ ceiling /’si:lIŋ/

/ r / r rural /’r r l/ʊә ә ring /rIŋ/ reader /’ri:d /ә

/ w / w with /wI/ wine /waIn/ wing /wIŋ/

/ j / y young /jŋ/ yearly /’jIәlI/ youth /ju: /θ

u music /’mju:sIk/ unit /’ju:nIt/ university

/ju:nI’v :sз ItI/

/ ф / h honest /’ :nɔ Ist/ hour /a /ʊә heir /aIә/

cases b comb /k m/ɔʊ climb /klaIm/ debt /det/

/nj ’m :nʊ ɔ Iә/ /saI’k :l dɔ ɔ ʒI/ /saI’kIәtrIst/

Trang 8

2.3 The clusters of consonants (Kí hi u phiên âm c a các chùm ph âm):ệ ủ ụ

sounds (Ch cáiữ (Ví d c th trên các t )ụ ụ ể ừ

(Kí hi uệ thể

các âm) hi n)ệ

/ sp / speak /spi:k/ spoil /spɔIl/ speaker /’spi:k /ә

/ st / start /sta:t/ stand /stænd/ stay /steI/

/ sk / school /sk l/ʊ skill /skIl/ scan /skæn/

/ s+ / / sf / sphere /sfIә/ spheral /sfIә әr l/ biosphere /baIә’sfIә/

/ sm / small /sm l/ɔ smash /smæ /ʃ smell /smel/

/ sn / snow /sn /әʊ sneeze /sni:z/ sneaky /’sni:kI/

/ sw / sweet /swi:t/ swim /swIm/ swan /sw n/ɔ

/ sj / super /sj p /ʊ ә superadd superably

/’sj p ræd/ʊ ә /’sj p reʊ ә IblI/

/ pl / plump /plmp/ apply / ’plaә I/ please /pli:s/

/ p+ / / pr / proud /pra d/ʊ propose /’pr p s/ɔ әʊ produce /pr ’dj s/ә ʊ

/ pj / pure /pj /ʊә purely /’pj lʊәI/ purify /’pj r faʊ ә I/

/ tr / train /treIn/ treat /tri:t/ treatment /tri:tm nt/ә

/ t+ / / tw / twice /twaIs/ twerp /tw :p/з twicer /’twaIs /ә

/ tj / tube /tj b/ʊ tubal /’tj :b l/ʊ ә tuber /’tj :b /ʊ ә

/ kl / class /kla:s/ clean /kli:ns/ clame /kleIm/

/ k+ / / kr / cream /kri:m/ cry /kraI/ creative /kri:’e ItIv/

/ kw / quite /kwaIt/ quit /kwIt/ quest /kwest/

/ kj / cure /kj /ʊә cute /kj t/ʊ cutely /kj tlʊ I/

/ bl / blow /bl /әʊ blame /bleIm/ bleach /bli:t /ʃ

/ b+ / / br / bring /brIŋ/ bride /braId/ bridge /brId /ʒ

/ bj / beauty /’bj tʊ I/ beautify /’bj tʊ IfaI/ beautiful /’bj tʊ If l/ʊ

/ g+ / / gl / glass /gla:s/ glim /glIm/ glance /gla:ns/

/ gr / grow /gr /әʊ great /greIt/ groom /gru:m/

/ dr / dream /dri:m/ dread /dred / dreadful /’dredf l/ʊ

/ d+ / / dw / dwell /dwel/ dweller /’dwel /ә dwelt /dwel/

/ dj / duty /’dj tʊ I/ dutiful /’dj tʊ If l/ʊ dutifully /’dj tʊ If lʊ I/

/ fl / flow /fl /әʊ fly /flaI/ flame /fleIm/

/ f+ / / fr / fry /fraI/ fright /fraIt/ fridge /frId /ʒ

/ fj / furious /’fj rʊ Iәs/ few /fj /ʊ furiously /’fj rʊ IәslI/

Trang 9

/ + / / r / throw / r /θ әʊ through / ru:/θ threat / ret/θ

/ w / thwart /wæt/ thwack /wæk/ thwack /wæk/

/ vj / view /vj /ʊ interview /’Int vj /ә ʊ preview /prI’vj /ʊ

/ mj / mute /mj t/ʊ mutual /mj t l/ʊ ʊә music /mj zʊ Ik/

/ ∫r / shrimp /∫rImp/ shriek /∫ri:k/ shrill /∫rIl/

/ nj / nude /nj d/ʊ nudist /’nj dʊ Ist/ nudism /’nj dʊ Izm/

Các k t ế / spr / spread /spred/ sprawl /spr :l/ɔ spray /spreI/

h p khác ợ / spl / splash /splæ /ʃ splat /splæt/ splashy /splæʃI/

/ skr / scream /scri:m/ scree /scri: / screen /scri:n/

/ str / stream /stri:m/ strawy /str : ɔ I/ streak /stri:k/

/ skj / scuba /’skj b /ʊ ә scuba /’skj b /ʊ ә scuba /’skj b /ʊ ә

/ stj / student stupid /’stj pʊ Id/ studio /’stj dʊ Iәʊ/

/’stj dnt/ʊ

/ spj / spume /spj :m/ʊ spue /spj :/ʊ spumous /spj :m s/ʊ ә

/ skw / square /skwe /ә squarer /’skwe r /ә ә squander /’skw d /ɔ ә

BÀI T P TH C HÀNH Ậ Ự

Exercise 1: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the

others of the same group.

18 A brilliant B trip C tripe D tip

Exercise 2: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the

others of the same group.

1 A geology B psychology C classify D photography

11 A dictation B repetition C station D question

Exercise 3: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the

others of the same group.

11 A harm B wash C call D talk

14 A measure B decision C pleasure D permission

18 A supported B approached C noticed D finished

Exercise 4: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the

others of the same group.

BÀI 2 STRESS & RULES TO MARK STRESS

QUI T C ĐÁNH TR NG ÂM Ắ Ọ

As we all know, marking primary stresses on multi-syllable words is so muchchallenging for not only English learners, but the teachers as well There have manydifferent ideas on this matter For many teachers, it is essential and better to teach stresswhile teaching each word itself to the students This is undoubtedly an excellent approach,but how the students remember all individual words together with their primary stresspattern is a big question And, the students may forget the word, or its stress pattern, orthey may find it impossible to guess a new word’s stress pattern Other teachers believe that

it is important for the students to be provided with rules for marking stress, after that theyare able to do the practice better In fact, English, as we know, is not a phonetically alphabetlanguage, and there are always irregular words facing the students

Nh chúng ta đ u bi t, vi c xác đ nh v trí tr ng âm chính đ i v i các t đa âm ti tư ề ế ệ ị ị ọ ố ớ ừ ếtrong ti ng Anh là th thách không ch đ i v i ng i h c mà đ i v i c giáo viên Có nhi uế ử ỉ ố ớ ườ ọ ố ớ ả ềquan đi m khác nhau v vi c d y cách xác đ nh tr ng âm chính đ i v i t đa âm ti t.ể ề ệ ạ ị ọ ố ớ ừ ếNhi u ng i cho r ng cách t t nh t đ d y ph n tr ng âm là d y cách phát âm và tr ngề ườ ằ ố ấ ể ạ ầ ọ ạ ọ

âm cho t ng t đ n l khi đ c p hay gi ng d y Nh v y ng i h c sẽ ph i h c thu c vừ ừ ơ ẻ ề ậ ả ạ ư ậ ườ ọ ả ọ ộ ịtrí tr ng âm v i t ng t đ n l đ c d y Đây là m t ý ki n t t, tuy v y, sẽ t n r t nhi uọ ớ ừ ừ ơ ẻ ượ ạ ộ ế ố ậ ố ấ ề

th i gian đ ng i h c ghi nh t ng t kèm theo v trí tr ng âm, vi c quên tr ng âm c aờ ể ườ ọ ớ ừ ừ ị ọ ệ ọ ủ

m t t hay không có kh năng suy đoán v trí tr ng âm c a các t m i g p sẽ là khó khănộ ừ ả ị ọ ủ ừ ớ ặcho ng i h c Nh ng ý ki n khác l i cho r ng b quy t c đánh tr ng âm mà ng i h cườ ọ ữ ế ạ ằ ộ ắ ọ ườ ọ

đ c trang b sẽ giúp h gi i quy t t t các bài t p v tr ng âm Nh ng trên th c t , ti ngượ ị ọ ả ế ố ậ ề ọ ư ự ế ếAnh là ngôn ng không có quy lu t c u âm theo d ng ghép ch cái, và nh ng cách phát âmữ ậ ấ ạ ữ ữngo i l cũng là khó khăn mà ng i h c ph i đ i m t.ạ ệ ườ ọ ả ố ặ

Trong khuôn kh bài này, m t s qui t c ph bi n và h u ích đ xác đ nh v trí tr ngổ ộ ố ắ ổ ế ữ ể ị ị ọ

âm chính đ i v i các t ti ng Anh đa âm ti t đ c chia s , và sẽ là công c h u ích choố ớ ừ ế ế ượ ẻ ụ ữ

ng i d y và h c hoàn thành t t nhi m v c a bài h c này.ườ ạ ọ ố ệ ụ ủ ọ

M T S QUI T C ĐÁNH TR NG ÂM CHÍNH CHO CÁC T ĐA ÂM TI T Ộ Ố Ắ Ọ Ừ Ế

BASIC RULES FOR MARKING PRIMARY STRESSES ON MULTI-SYLLABLE WORDS

What is the main (primary) stress of a word? Main (primary) stress of a word (bearing

more than one syllable) is the degree of the loudness or prominence with which a sound ort a word is pronounced Tr ng âm chính c a m t t đa âm ti t là đ l n hay th ng tr v âm ọ ủ ộ ừ ế ộ ớ ố ị ề

c a m t âm ti t khi m t chùm âm c a m t t (có t hai âm ti t tr lên) đ c đ c, nói hay ủ ộ ế ộ ủ ộ ừ ừ ế ở ượ ọ phát

âm.

Some basic rules to mark stresses – Nh ng qui t c xác đ nh v trí tr ng âm c b n:ữ ắ ị ị ọ ơ ả

2.1 For di-syllable words: Đ i v i các t có 2 âm ti t.ố ớ ừ ế

a Tr ng âm chính c a các t có hai âm ti tọ ủ ừ ế th ng ườ r i vào âm ti t th 2 đ i v i các đ ngơ ế ứ ố ớ ộ

t (tr tr ng h p các âm ti t th 2 đó có ch a nguyên âm / /, /ừ ừ ườ ợ ế ứ ứ ә I/, ho c / /), và r iặ әʊ ơvào âm ti t th nh t đ i v i các t lo i còn l i (tr tr ng h p âm ti t th nh t đó cóế ứ ấ ố ớ ừ ạ ạ ừ ườ ợ ế ứ ấ

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nguyên âm đ n /ơ ә/) (Primary stresses on di-syllable words are usually on the secondsyllables for verbs whose second syllables don’t contain the vowel sounds of / /, /ә I/,and / /, and on the first syllables of the other words except for the syllables bearing theәʊvowel sound of / /).ә

Examples:

Verbs Transcriptions Nouns Transcriptions

1 appeal / ’pi:l /ә 2 1 brother / ’br /ә 1

2 appear / ’pә Ir / 2 2 color / ’k l /ә 1

3 approach / ’pr :t /ә ɔ ʃ 2 3 dhoti / ’h tәʊ I / 1

4 arrange / ’reә Id /ʒ 2 4 father / ’f a: /ә 1

5 decide / dI’saId/ 2 5 mother / ’m /ә 1

6 invite / In’vaIt/ 2 6 palace / ’pælIs / 1

7 prepare / prI’pe /ә 2 7 people / ’pi:pl / 1

8 provide / pr ’vaɔ Id/ 2 8 pupil / ’pj p l /ʊ ә 1

9 support / s ’p :t /ә ɔ 2 9 student / ’stj dnt /ʊ 1

10 surprise / s ’praә Is / 2 10 summer / ’sm /ә 1

ho c: ặ

Adjectives Transcriptions Adverbs Transcriptions

1 ancient / ’eIns nt /ә 1 1 ever / ’ev /ә 1

2 annual / ’ænj l /ʊә 1 2 hardly / ’ha:dlI / 1

3 concave / ’k nkeɔ Iv / 1 3 never / ’nev /ә 1

7 muddy / ’mdI / 1 7 really / ’rIәlI / 1

8 noisy / ’nɔIzI / 1 8 scarcely / ’ske slә I / 1

9 quiet / ’kwaIәt / 1 9 seldom / ’seld m /ә 1

10 ready / ’redI / 1 10 sometimes / ’smtaImz / 1

Except for: Ngo i tr các tr ng ạ ừ ườ

h p ợ

Verbs Transcriptions Others Transcriptions

1 borrow / ’b r /ɔ әʊ 1 1 afraid / ’freә Id / 2

2 bother / ’bɔ /ә 1 2 across / ’kr s /ә ɔ 2

3 broaden / ’br d n /ɔ ә 1 3 around / ’ra nd /ә ʊ 2

5 follow / ’f l /ɔ әʊ 1 5 career / k ’rә Iә / 2

6 harbor / ’ha:b r /ә 1 6 surround / s ’ra nd /ә ʊ 2

7 suffer / ’sf /ә 1 7 polite / p ’laә It / 2

8 widen / ’waId n /ә 1 8 police / p ’lә Is / 2

9 loosen / ’lu:z n /ә 1 9 today / t ’deә I / 2

10 tighten / ’taIt n /ә 1 10 tonight / t ’naә It / 2

b Đ i v i nh ng t có mang ti n t , h u t , tr ng âm chính c a t đóố ớ ữ ừ ề ố ậ ố ọ ủ ừ th ng ườ r i vào âmơ

ti tế g c (Primary stresses on di-syllable words are usually on the root syllables with wordsốhaving suffixes or prefixes)

Nh b ng sau:ư ả

Prefixes Transcriptions Suffixes Transcriptions

1 become / bI’km / 2 1 threaten / ’ ret n /θ ә 1

2 react / rI’ækt / 2 2 failure / ’feIlj /ʊә 1

3 foretell / f ’tel /ɔ 2 3 daily / ’deIlI / 1

4 begin / bI’gIn / 2 4 treatment / ’tri:tm nt /ә 1

5 unknown / n’kn n /әʊ 2 5 ruler / ’ru:l /ә 1

6 prepaid / prI’pe /ә 2 6 quickly / ’kwIklI / 1

7 redo / rI’d /ʊ 2 7 builder / ’bIld /ә 1

8 overact / ’ækt /әʊ 2 8 lately / ’leItlI / 1

9 upload / p’l d /әʊ 2 9 actual / ’ækt l /ʊә 1

10 dislike / dIs’laIk / 2 10 sandy / ’sændI / 1

Ngo i tr : unkeep / ’ạ ừ nki:p/

Chú ý: Đ i v i nh ng t có nhi u ch c năng t v ng khác nhau, tr ng âm chính th ng r iố ớ ữ ừ ề ứ ừ ự ọ ườ ơvào âm ti t th 2 đ i v i đ ng t , r i vào âm ti t th nh t đ i v i các t lo i còn l i (Forế ứ ố ớ ộ ừ ơ ế ứ ấ ố ớ ừ ạ ạwords having different word-classes, the main stresses are usually on the second syllablesfor verbs, the first for other word-classes)

Nh b ng sau:ư ả

Verbs Transcriptions Others Transcriptions

1 rebel / rI’bel / 2 1 rebel / ’reb l /ә 1

2 progress / pr ’gres /ә 2 2 progress / ’pr gres /ɔ 1

3 suspect / s s’pekt /ә 2 3 suspect / ’sspekt / 1

4 record / rI’k :d /ɔ 2 4 record / ’rek d /ә 1

5 export / Iks’p :t /ɔ 2 5 export / ’eksp t /ә 1

2.2 For words with more than two syllables: Đ i v i các t có h n 2 âm ti t.ố ớ ừ ơ ế

Đ i v i các t có h n hai âm ti t thông th ng tr ng âm chính ố ớ ừ ơ ế ườ ọ th ườ r i vào âm ti t ng ơ ế

th ba k t âm ti t cu i (Primary stresses are usually on the 3ứ ể ừ ế ố rd syllables from theend for words with more than two syllables.)

Nh b ng sau:ư ả

1 family / ’fæmIlI/ 11 biology / baI’ :l dɔ ɔ ʒI /

2 cinema / ’sIn m /ә ә 12 democracy / dI’m :kr sɔ ә I /

3 regular / ’regj l /ʊ ә 13 satisfy / ’sætIsfaI /

4 singular / ’sIŋgj l /ʊ ә 14 dedicate / ’delIkeIt /

5 international / Int ’næ n l /ә ʃә ә 15 philosophy / fI’l :s fɔ ɔ I /

6 demonstrate / ’dem nstreә It / 16 philosopher / fI’l :s f /ɔ ɔ ә

7 recognize / ’rek gnaɔ Iz / 17 character / ’kærIkt /ә

8 psychology / saI’k :l dɔ ɔ ʒI / 18 interest / ’Int rә Ist /

9 qualify / ’kw :lɔ ItI/ 19 internet / ’Int net /ә

10 biologist / bai’ :l dɔ ɔ ʒIst / 20 different / ’dIf r nt /ә ә

Đ i v i các t có t n cùng nh ố ớ ừ ậ ư “ian”, “ic”, “ience”, “ient”, “al”, “ial”, “ual”, “eous”, “ious”,

“iar”, “ion”, tr ng âmọ th ng ườ r i vào âm ti t li n tr c c a các t n cùng này – th 2 kơ ế ề ướ ủ ậ ứ ể

t âm ti t cu i (For words ending in suffixes as ừ ế ố “ian”, “ic”, “ience”, “ient”, “al”, “ial”,

“ual”, “eous”, “ious”, “iar”, “ion”, primary stresses are usually on the preceding syllables

of these suffixes)

Nh b ng sau:ư ả

Endings Words Transcriptions Words Transcriptions

1 ian physician / fI’zIks n /ә musician / mj ’zʊ Iks n /ә

2 ic athletic / e ’letθ Ik / energetic / en ’d etә ʒ Ik /

3 ience experience / Iks’prIәns / convenience / k n’venә Iәn /

4 ient expedient / Iks’pedIәnt / ingredient / In’gri:dIәn /

5 al parental / p ’rent l /ә ә refusal / re’fj z l /ʊ ә

6 ial essential / I’sen l/ʃә confidential / k nfә I’den l /ʃә

7 ual habitual / hæ’bi:tʃʊәl / individual / IndI’vi:d l /ʊә

8 eous courageous / k ’ræg s /ɔ әʊ spontaneous / sp n’tæn s /ɔ әʊ

9 ious delicious / de’li:ʃIәʊs / industrious / In’dstrIәʊs /

10 ion decision / dI’si:zn / communication / k mj nә ʊ I’keIʃn /

11 iar familiar / f ’mi:lә Iә / unfamiliar / nf ’mә I:lIә /

Tr : ừ television / ’televIzn /

Đ i v i các t có t n cùng ố ớ ừ ậ “ese”, “ee’, “eer”, “ier”, “ette”, “oo”, “esque”, tr ng âm ọ th ngườ

r i vào chính các âm ti t ch a các t n cùng này (For words ending in suffixes as ơ ế ứ ậ “ee”,

“eer”, “ese”, “ier”, “ette”, “esque”, “oo”, primary stresses are usually on these suffixes).

Nh b ng sau:ư ả

Endings Words Transcriptions Words Transcriptions

1 ee refugee / refj ’d i: /ʊ ʒ employee / implɔI’i: /

2 eer volunteer / v lɔn’tIә / engineer / endʒI’nIә /

3 ese Portuguese / p tj ’gi:s /ɔ ʊ Vietnamese / vietn’mi:s /

4 ette ushrette / ʃ’ret / cigarette / sIg ’ret /ә

5 esque bamboo / bæm’bu: / picturesque / pIkt ’res /ʃә

Đ i v i các t có t n cùng là ố ớ ừ ậ “ate”, “fy”, “ity”, “ize”, tr ng âm chính ọ th ngườ r i vào âmơ

ti t th ba k t âm ti t cu i (For words ending in “ế ứ ể ừ ế ố ate”, “fy”, “ity”, “ize”, primary

stresses are usually on the 3rd syllables from the end.)

Nh b ng sau:ư ả

Endings Words Transcriptions Words Transcriptions

1 ate dedicate / ’dedIkeIt/ communicate / k ’mj nә ʊ IkeIt/

2 fy classify / ’kla:sIfaI / satisfy / ’sætIsfaI /

3 ity ability / ’bi:lә ItI / responsibility / resp si’bi:lɔ ItI /

4 ize recognize / ’rek gnaɔ Iz / urbanize / ’ :b naɜ ә Iz /

5 ety society / s ’saәʊ IәtI/ anxiety / æŋ’zaIәtI /

M t s tr ộ ố ườ ng h p đ c bi t c n l u ý: ợ ặ ệ ầ ư

on the first syllable on the second syllable

1 internet / ’Int net /ә 1 important / Im’p :t nt /ɔ ә

2 interest / ’Int rә Ist / 2 remember / rI’memb /ә

3 interested / ’Int rә IstId / 3 deliver / dI’lIv /ә

4 interesting / ’Int rә IstIŋ / 4 september / sep’temb /ә

5 character / ’kærIkt /ә 5 october / k’t b /ɔ әʊ ә

6 characterize / ’kærIkt raә Iz / 6 november / n ’vemb /әʊ ә

7 different / ’dIf r nt /ә ә 7 december / dI’semb /ә

8 difference / ’dIf r ns /ә ә 3 rd syllable words Transcriptions

9 differently / ’dIf r ntlә ә I / 1 magazine / mæg ’zi:n/ә

10 difficult / ’dIfIk lt /ә 2 understand / nd ’stænd/ә

11 difficulty / ’dIfIk ltә I / 3 recommend / rIk ’mend/ә

12 difficultly / ’dIfIk ltlә I/ 4 comprehend / k mprɔ I’hend/

Notes: chú ý:

Trên th c t không có m t qui t c b t bi n cho vi c xác đ nh v trí tr ng âm c a t ự ế ộ ắ ấ ế ệ ị ị ọ ủ ừ

Vi c xác đ nh tr ng âm c n th c hi n cùng cách phát âm, d a nhi u vào kinh ệ ị ọ ầ ự ệ ự ề

Đ i v i t ghép g m hai lo i danh t thì nh n vào âm ti t đ u: ố ớ ừ ồ ạ ừ ấ ế ầ typewriter;

suitcase; teacup; sunrise.

Đ i v i t ghép có tính t đ u, còn cu i là t k t thúc b ng ố ớ ừ ừ ở ầ ố ừ ế ằ -ed, nh n vào âm ấ

ti t đ u c a t cu i: bad-ế ầ ủ ừ ố tempered.

Đ i v i t ghép có ti ng đ u là con s thì nh n vào ti ng sau: three-ố ớ ừ ế ầ ố ấ ế wheeler.

T ghép đóng vai trò là tr ng ng thì nh n v n sau: down-ừ ạ ữ ấ ầ stream (h l u).ạ ư

T ghép đóng vai trò là đ ng t nh ng ti ng đ u là tr ng ng thì ta nh n ừ ộ ừ ư ế ầ ạ ữ ấ

âm sau: down-grade (h b ); ill-ạ ệ treat (ng c đãi, hành h ).ượ ạ

Danh t kép: nh n ừ ấ ở y u t th nh t ế ố ứ ấ c a danh t :ủ ừ

Noun-Noun: classroom, teapot

Noun + Noun: apple tree, fountain pen

Gerund (V-ing) + Noun: writing paper, swimming pool

Others:

T cu i là d ng c cho t đ u: a ừ ố ụ ụ ừ ầ soup spoon, a shool bus

T đ u xác đ nh t cu i: a ừ ầ ị ừ ố mango tree; an apple tree

T cu i là danh t t n cùng b ng: er, or, ar: a ừ ố ừ ậ ằ bookseller

Tr ng âm t sau n u t tr c ch v t li u ch t o ra t sau: a paper ọ ở ừ ế ừ ướ ỉ ậ ệ ế ạ ừ bag, a

brick house

3.2 First syllable stressed: Nh n vào âm ti t li n tr c c a các âm li t kê.ấ ế ề ướ ủ ệ

ity: ability, possibility, simplicity, complexity.

ety: society, anxiety

ic, ics: electric, phonetic, athletics [ngo i l : ạ ệ politic, catholic, Arabic]

ical: historical, electrical, economical, identical

ive: impressive, possessive [ngo i l : ạ ệ adjective, transitive, intransitive, positive]

ative: predicative, causative, superlative

able: countable, recognizable [ngo i l : ạ ệ honorable, comfortable,

miserable, admirable, valuable, inexorable]

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tion, tional: demonstration, dictation, conditional, educational

sion, sional: profession, impression, occasional

y (2 ph âm):ụ happy, busy

3.3 Third syllable from the end stressed: Nh n vào âm ti t th ba k t âm ti t ấ ế ứ ể ừ ế

cu iố c a các t có t n cùng nh ủ ừ ậ ư

ate: concentrate, execrate, generate

tude: grattitude, solitude, attitude

ogy: physiology, geology (đ a ch t h c), phoị ấ ọ nology, phyciology

sophy: philosophy

aphy: biography, photography, autobiography

metry: geometry, photometry

nomy: economy, physiognomy

3.4 Final syllable etressed: Nh n vào âm ti t cu i khi nó ch a các t h p.ấ ế ố ứ ổ ợ

ade: lemonade, promenade

ee: trainee, payee, disagree, employee, guarantee

eer: volunteer, pioneer

ese: Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese

ette: usherette, cigarette, silhouette (“h” câm), statuette.

esque: statuesque, picaresque, picturesque [“que” câm, nh n “es”]ấ

oo: bamboo, shampoo

oon: typhoon, saloon

BÀI T P TH C HÀNH Ậ Ự

Exercise 5: Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group.

3 A sentimental B commonplace C mathematics D information

7 A distraction B considerable C recommend D description

8 A probability B attitude C technological D entertainment

13 A behaviour B predict C occurrence D environmental

14 A mishap B evacuate C vigorous D moderate

15 A unspeakable B accomplish C emotional D tendency

16 A expression B response C psychologist D vehicle

19 A familiar B repellent C antiseptic D survive

Exercise 6: Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same

group.

16 A interesting B surprising C amusing D successful

20 A beautifully B intelligent C redundancy D discovery

Exercise 7: Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same

group.

1 A comfortable B employment C important D surprising

2 A variety B irrational C industrial D characterize

5 A difference B suburban C internet D character

7 A attraction B government C borrowing D visit

8 A difficulty B individual C population D unemployment

10 A conversation B isolation C traditional D situation

12 A altogether B capacity C eventually D particular

14 A mathematics B biology C experiment D philosophy

15 A evolution B development C discovery D philosopher

17 A evaporate B temperature C impossible D experiment

20 A activity B epidemic C philosopher D significance

Exercise 8: Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same

group.

3 A pneumonia B activity C psychiatrist D ordinary

10 A government B condition C parliament D fortunate

12 A interesting B important C increasing D implying

15 A biology B intelligent C environment D infrastructure

18 A eternal B enormous C enemy D Egyptian

20 A revolution B responsible C renovation D regulation

Exercise 9: Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same

group.

2 A bacteria B dangerous C government D interesting

5 A accompany B responsibility C environment D prepare

14 A especially B beautifully C quickly D lately

Exercise 10: Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same

group.

8 A policeman B semester C exercise D attendance

9 A vegetable B interesting C volleyball D detective

14 A vegetable B university C Wednesday D television

17 A preparation B decoration C television D exhibition

20 A discovery B calculator C aero-plane D difficulty

CHUYÊN Đ II: WORD CLASSES Ề CHUYÊN Đ V T V NG Ề Ề Ừ Ự

Chuyên đ này cung c p nh ng khái ni m c b n v t v ng nh ; đ nh nghĩa, các ch cề ấ ữ ệ ơ ả ề ừ ự ư ị ứnăng ngôn ng , m t s cách t o ra t phái sinh, các c m t , c m thành ng , m t s hìnhữ ộ ố ạ ừ ụ ừ ụ ữ ộ ố

th c s d ng đ c bi t c a m t s t lo i nh Danh t , Đ ng t , Tính t , Tr ng t ,… Trênứ ử ụ ặ ệ ủ ộ ố ừ ạ ư ừ ộ ừ ừ ạ ừcơ

s các ki n th c c b n v t v ng (Danh t , Đ ng t , Tính t , M o t , Gi i t ,…) đ giúpở ế ứ ơ ả ề ừ ự ừ ộ ừ ừ ạ ừ ớ ừ ể

ng i h c có nh ng ki n th c c s v t v ng trong ti ng Anh t đó th c hi n các yêuườ ọ ữ ế ứ ơ ở ề ừ ự ế ừ ự ệ

c u c a các d ng bài t p có liên quan trong các đ thi THPT Qu c Gia Nh ng bài t p th cầ ủ ạ ậ ề ố ữ ậ ựhành đi kèm sẽ giúp cho vi c gi ng d y và ôn t p theo chuyên đ đ c thu n l i và hi uệ ả ạ ậ ề ượ ậ ợ ệ

qu Vi c hoàn thành các bài t p th c hành ngoài vi c giúp cho ng i h c n m ch c ki nả ệ ậ ự ệ ườ ọ ắ ắ ế

th c v t v ng còn giúp tang v n t v ng, s t tin trong s d ng ngôn t và n m ch cứ ề ừ ự ố ừ ự ự ự ử ụ ừ ắ ắ

tr t t t trong ti ng Anh.ậ ự ừ ế

BÀI 1 NOUNS - DANH TỪ

Definition: To call out the names of things, objects, actions, or movements, etc.

(Danh t là t dùng đ g i tên s v t, hi n t ng)ừ ừ ể ọ ự ậ ệ ượ

Peter will become our new manager in the next two year.

e.g. summer holiday, birthday cakes, schoolboy, schoolgirl, salesman, chairperson, etc

2.5 Possessive cases (d ng s h u cách):ạ ở ữ Chú ý cách t o d u s h u cách trong các ví d ạ ấ ở ữ ụ

d i đây ướ

e.g. the boss’s car, his teacher’s remarks,…

children’s seats, people’s lives,…

pupils’ books, the farmers’ tools,…

2.6 Noun phrases (c m danh t k t h p t do ụ ừ ế ợ ự ): Free words combination or compounds.

Danh t ghép v i các thành t khác t o thành c m danh t ừ ớ ố ạ ụ ừ

Plural forms: các hình th c bi n đ i danh t t d ng s ít thành s nhi u (ch dành ứ ế ổ ừ ừ ạ ố ố ề ỉcho

danh t đ m đ c – countable nouns).ừ ế ượ

3.1 Adding “s” to almost count-nouns: thêm ‘s’ vào sau h u h t các danh t s ít đ t o ầ ế ừ ố ể ạthành các danh t s nhi u (Chú ý: t n cùng ‘ừ ố ề ậ s’ đ c phát âm /s/ khi li n tr c là ượ ề ướcác ph âm vô thanh nh /ụ ư f/, /t/, /k/, /p/, phát âm là /Iz/ khi theo sau các t n cùng ậ

ce, ge, se, ze, còn l i ạ phát âm là /z/).

Nh b ng sau:ư ả

4 an orange oranges 14 a finger fingers

9 an onion onions 19 a whisper whispers

10 an umbrella umbrellas 20 a winner winners

3.2 Adding “es” to the count-nouns that end in “s, ss, sh, ch, o, x” with /Iz/ or /z/

sounds: Thêm ‘es’ vào sau các danh t đ m đ c s ít t n cùng b ng ừ ế ượ ố ậ ằ “s, ss, sh, ch, o,

x” đ t o thành các danh t s nhi u t ng ng.ể ạ ừ ố ề ươ ứ

Nh b ng sau:ư ả

endings singular plural singular plural

4 ch a church churches a watch watches

5 o a potato potatoes a tomato tomatoes

Note: Words of foreign origin or abbreviation ending in ‘o’, add ‘s’ only V i các t vayớ ừ

m n, t vi t t t t n cùng b ng ‘ượ ừ ế ắ ậ ằ o’, ta thêm ‘s’ đ t o hình th c s nhi u Nh :ể ạ ứ ố ề ư

1 a dynamo dynamos 6 a soprano sopranos

3.3 Adding “ies” to the count-nouns that end in “y” with its preceding consonants: V iớ

các danh t đ m đ c s ít t n cùng là ‘ừ ế ượ ố ậ y’ và li n tr c là ph âm ta b ‘ề ướ ụ ỏ y’ thay

b ng ‘ằ ies’ đ t o ra các danh t s nhi u t ng ng Nh b ng sau:ể ạ ừ ố ề ươ ứ ư ả

singular plural singular plural

1 a lorry lorries 5 an ability abilities

2 a story stories 6 a sky skies

Nh ng:ư

singular plural singular plural

3.4 Adding “ves” to the count-nouns that end in “f”, “fe”: Chuy n các danh t đ m đ cể ừ ế ượ

t n cùng b ng “ậ ằ f”, “fe” t s ít sang s nhi u ta đ i “ừ ố ố ề ổ f”, “fe” thành ‘ves’ như

b ng sau:ả

singular plural singular plural

2 a knife knives 5 a loaf loaves

3 a life lives 6 a thief thieves

Chú ý:

Các danh t ừ hoof, scarf, và wharf đ i sang s nhi u thành ổ ố ề hoofs, scarfs, và wharfs ho cặ

hooves, scarves, và wharves T c là có th thêm ‘ứ ể s’ ho c ‘ ặ ves’.

Các danh t ừ cliff, handkerchief, và safe đ i sang s nhi u sẽ chuy n thành ổ ố ề ể cliffs,

handkerchiefs, và safes T c là ch thêm ‘ứ ỉ s’.

3.5 Irregular changes: d ng bi n đ i b t qui t c mô t b ng d i đây:ạ ế ổ ấ ắ ả ở ả ướ

6 a saleswoman saleswomen 16 a tooth teeth

7 a salesperson salespeople 17 a foot feet

8 a chairperson chairpeople 18 a phenomenon phenomena

3.6 Collective nouns: crew, family, group, team,…(singular or plural form, either

singular or plural verb) Các danh t trên g i là danh t t h p, có th coi là s ítừ ọ ừ ổ ợ ể ố

ho c s nhi u, dùng đ ng t d ng s ít ho c nhi u.ặ ố ề ộ ừ ạ ố ặ ề

e.g The crew save many victims

Ho c The crew saves many victims.ặOur group have won several times

Ho c Our group has won several times.ặ

3.7 Always-plural-form-nouns: Nh ng danh t d i đây luôn t n t i d i hình th cữ ừ ướ ồ ạ ướ ứ

s nhi u.ố ề

6 damages 16 pains (trouble, effort) 26 spirits

e.g The police have asked several witnesses to prove their ideas

The stairs are too dim for us to go up easily

3.8 The unchanged names of creatures: deer, sheep, calf, cod, pike, plaice, salmon,

squid, trout, turbot (these nouns can take either singular or plural verbs) hình th cứ

s ít, nhi u không đ i.ố ề ổ

singular plural singular plural

4 a salmon salmon 9 a squid squid

5 a trout trout 10 a turbot turbote.g. A deer is trapped and two other deer are killed by the poachers.

A squid and two salmon were sent to the laboratory for rescue

3.9 Plural form but singular verb: news, mumps (b nh s ng quai hàm), billiards, ệ ư

bowls – Các danh t trên có hình th c s nhi u nh ng s d ng nh danh t s ít.ừ ứ ố ề ư ử ụ ư ừ ốe.g There is a news at 7.00 every day

Mumps is widely seen among children of the age of under fifteen

Uncountable nouns: Danh t không đ m đ cừ ế ượ

4.1 Substances: các d ng v t ch t sau đ c qui c là danh t không đ m đ c:ạ ậ ấ ượ ướ ừ ế ượ

e.g Vietnamese coffee is exported to many countries in the world

Beer is a favourite drink in the South

4.2 Abstract nouns: Các danh t tr u t ng đ c qui c là danh t không đ m đ c:ừ ừ ượ ượ ướ ừ ế ượ

5 experience 10 information 15 suspicione.g Fear is a kind of feelings

Knowledge is one’s valuable possession

4.3 Others: m t s danh t khác đ c qui c là danh t không đ m đ c:ộ ố ừ ượ ướ ừ ế ượ

1 baggage 3 damage 5 luggage 7 parking 9 work

camping 4 furniture 6 money 8 shopping 10 weather e.g

Camping is my favourite outdoor activity

Weather is getting warmer when the Spring comes

4.4 Notes: Particular senses of uncountable nouns: M t s danh t không đ m đ cộ ố ừ ế ượ

l i có th s d ng v i m o t nh danh t đ m đ c trong các ng c đ nh sau:ạ ể ử ụ ớ ạ ừ ư ừ ế ượ ữ ố ị

a a help: A great help to + O

e.g He gave a great help to our family

Computer is a great help to my work

b a relief: A relief to + V.

e.g That gave me a relief to continue my study

A relief to work makes your doing better

c a knowledge: A good/ bad knowledge of + N.

e.g Pete has got a good knowledge of history

A good knowledge of physics helps him pass the test

d a dislike / dread / hatred / horror / love of + …

e.g He had a great love for funny stories

A great love for wildlife encouraged him to apply for that job

e a mercy / pity / shame / wonder + that…

e.g It’s a pity that I couldn’t come

What’s a pity!

f a fear/ fears; a hope/ hopes; a suspicion/ suspicions

e.g We have a suspicion / suspicions that no one will agree to help

A suspicion of no reason made him angry

5 Compound nouns: danh t ghépừ

5.1 Noun-noun: Hanoi-capital; hall-door; hitch-hiker; kitchen-table; traffic light; winter

summer holiday; spring flowers; Sunday paper; dawn chorus; November fog; …

steel door; stone wall; silk shirt;…

coffee cup; golf club; chess board; football ground;…

fish-farm; gold-mine; oil-rig; …

football match; beauty contest; pop music;…

Suffixes: các h u t dùng đ t o danh t ậ ố ể ạ ừ

3 ist terrorist capitalist naturalist

4 ant applicant assistant pollutant

7 ness sadness tiredness happiness

10 our behavior

12 ent government payment investment

13 ce importance difference significance

15 hood childhood adulthood neighborhood

17 ship friendship scholarship relationship

18 ility ability possibility responsibility

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

Exercise 11: Give ONE of the derived nouns of the given words.

1 The children all have very different PERSON

2 An is a person who is concerned about the natural ENVIRONMENTenvironment and wants to improve and protect it

3 She had never been greatly concerned about her _ APPEAR

4 The _ of people interviewed prefer TV to radio MAJOR

5 I’ll never forget the I felt in the situation HUMILIATE

6 The main goals of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations

are to promote peace and _ in the region STABLE

7 The security of the earth can be threatened by _ groups TERROR

8 It is reported that humans are the main reason for most

species' declines and habitat _ DESTROY

10 The Americans are much more concerned than the Indians and

the Chinese with physical _ when choosing a wife ATTRACT

or a husband

11 How much does _ of this club cost? MEMBER

12 I was annoyed at his _ to co-operate REFUSE

13 Jackson had another violent _ with the referee AGREE

15 Jackie suffered as a child from a very strict _ BRING

16 Rescue team held out little hope of finding other _ SURVIVE

17 _ of the new system will take several days INSTALL

18 Teachers must keep a record of students’ _ ATTEND

19 There were 50 _ in the talent contest COMPETE

Exercise 13: Give ONE of the derived nouns of the given words to finish each of the incomplete

sentences below.

1 It was a complete _ due to their poor planning FAIL

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2 Everyone has a number of but none has many true friends ACQUAINT

3 Freedom of is one of the fundamental rights SPEAK

5 We can look forward to a period of _ PROSPER

6 Due to _ the difference between urban life and rural life is

7 A doctor may prescribe if the patient has an infection BIOTIC

9 It is said the of a Swiss watch is perfect PRECISE

10 We have to decide to interview only the best six for the job APPLY

11 He left the room without any _ EXPLAIN

12 Many people expressed _ with the whole idea AGREE

13 A lot of plants and animals could be used as medicines against

cancer, AIDS, heart diseases and other SICK

12 _ to a new environment is a difficult thing for old people ADAPT

15 Police asked _ if they had seen the accident happen PASS

17 He fought the illness with courage and DETERMINE

18 Because of a car , she didn’t get to the airport in time for BREAK

her flights

19 The need assistance from the whole society POVERTY

20 We are offering many special price _ on printers this REDUCE month

Exercise 14: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the

incomplete sentences below.

1 _ surely leads to the loss of many factory jobs

A automatic B automation C automate D automatically

2 Stress and tiredness often lead to lack of

A concentration B concentrate C concentrated D concentrator

Jack likes the books that he borrowed from the school library very much He has read them with

A entertainment B romance C tasting D pleasure

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Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce _.

A electric B electricity C electrician D electrify

Many of young people between the ages of 16 and 18 who are neither in education nor are in danger of wasting their lives

6 A book may be evaluated by a reader or professional writer to create a book

7 Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _

A fertile B fertility C fertilizers D fertilizable

Chemical wastes from factories are _ that cause serious damage to species

habitats

A pollutes B pollutants C pollutions D polluters

A book may be studied by students as the of a writing and analysis exercise

in the form of a book report

10 In some communities a husband's over his wife is absolute

11 I think that up to now there has not been a real between men and women

12 Most people consider it women's to take care of children and do housework

A limit B relationship C responsibility D respect

13 She is a biologist She is interested in

A conserves B conservation C conservancy D conservative

The development leads to our country’s prosperity

A industry B industries C industrial D industrialize

15 Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with

A extinct B extinction C extinctive D extinctly

The organization has emphasized cooperation in the "three pillars" of security, socio cultural and economic _ in the region

A organization B production C integration D establishment

17 To preserve that , it was necessary to preserve the people that had created it

It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat _ and degradation are the leading threats

A destroy B destructive C destructor D destruction

19 I have nearly finished reading the book There are only a few left

A pieces B pages C slices D sheets

20 A child receives his early from their parents

Exercise 15: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the

incomplete sentences below.

1 He has been very interested in doing research on _ since he was at high school

A biology B biological C biologist D biologically

2 Most doctors and nurses have to work on a _ once or twice a week at the hospital

3 You are old enough to take _ for what you have done

A responsible B responsibility C responsibly D irresponsible

4 These quick and easy _ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost

5 What are the _ of that country? - I think it is some kinds of cheese and sauces

6 Hung tried his best and passed the driving test at the first _

7 My husband and I both go out to work so we share the _

8 You should not burn _ You had better dig a hole and bury it

He cannot make a _ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car

10 It is thought that traditional marriage _ are important basis of limiting divorce rates

A appearances B records C responses D values

11 Thanks to my friends’ _ remarks, my essay have been improved

A construct B construction C constructive D constructor

12 She was the first in her family to enjoy the privilege of a university _

13 English is an important _ that is required in several national examinations

_ is the study of the Earth's physical features and the people, plants, and

animals that live in different regions of the world

A Science B Geography C History D Technology

15 _ is the study of the events of the past

16 Thanks to the _ of paper, many books have been kept for a very long time

A information B knowledge C durability D portability

A _ is an area of knowledge or study, especially one that you study at school, college, or university

18 Most _ are at senior level, requiring appropriate qualifications

19 She reads newspapers every day to look for the vacant _ for which she can apply

A institutions B indications C positions D locations

A _ is an official document that you receive when you have completed a course

of study or training

Exercise 16: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the

incomplete sentences below.

All the countries of the area have _ to protect their wildlife but they are rarely enforced

2 The president traveled under the of many soldiers

A protect B protective C protector D protection

3 Forest dwellers had always hunted the local _ but their needs had been small

A is a report in a newspaper or magazine in which a writer gives his opinion of

a book, a film, or a play

She has been out of work for 3 months She stays at home and does the housework

A disappoint B disappointedly C disappointed D disappointing

6 In former days, women were considered not to be suitable for becoming a

A politics B political C politically D politician

7 The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _

8 The crowd cheered as the goalkeeper deflected the _

They eventually realize that reckless _ of the earth's resources can lead only to eventual global disaster.

A exploit B exploitable C exploitation D exploitative

10 Mary enjoys reading _, adventure, and whatever else she can either buy or borrow

A romance B romantic C romanticize D romanticism

11 The novel has had a tremendous impact on and publishing markets

A entertain B entertainer C entertainment D entertainingly

A is a story long enough to fill a complete book, in which the characters and events are usually imaginary

13 Women show a _ to live longer than men

A _ is a very large wave, often caused by an earthquake, which flows onto the land and destroys things

15 It is necessary for the host to make his guest feel comfortable and _

Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the _ of extinction

17 A is the story of a person's life written by somebody else

18 After leaving school, many of us only read for

There are plenty of industrial _ established in the area, which also makes the

government worried about pollution

20 The referee's _ is the most important in any sport competition

Exercise 17: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the

incomplete sentences below.

1 There is a wide _ of computers in that shop for you to choose

2 There are several places where residents face the threat of _ every day

A terrorist B terrorism C terrorize D terror

Many people think that in some more years we will see the complete _ of

newspapers and magazines due to the Internet

A disappear B disappearance C appear D appearing 4 The of

the future will no longer be remedial It will be preventive

A communication B education C medicine D technology

5 Doctors and pharmacists have to assume _ for human life

A responsibility B achievement C optimism D aspect

6 Strict _ measures are in force in the capital to protect it from terrorism

A scientific B normal C transportation D security

7 Constant _ of attack makes everyday life dangerous here

A threat B threaten C threatening D threateningly

8 The government gave top _ to reforming the legal system

There will be powerful network of computers which may come from a single computing _ that is worn on or in the body

These new economic reforms have allowed for international _ and

development in the country

After a decade of economic liberalization, Vietnam has seen a dramatic rise in

living _ in urban areas

12 Their _ has lasted for more than 20 years

A friends B friendly C friendness D friendship

For more than 20 years, the Vietnamese government has pursued the open-door

_ and continued to woo foreign investment

Development plans were to focus equally on agriculture and industry and investment was to favor projects that developed both of the economy

Despite the plan's emphasis on agricultural _, the industrial sector received a larger share of state investment

A shortage B commitment C development D achievement

A _ is a spacecraft that is designed to travel into space and back to earth several times

An economic _ is a time when there is very little economic activity, which

causes a lot of unemployment and poverty

A improvement B depression C development D mission

_ is the technology of sending signals and messages over long distances

using electronic equipment, for example by radio and telephone

19 What will the relationship between computing and bring us over the next 15 years?

A science B scientific C scientifically D scientist

20 We sometimes go away from the city to the countryside for a of fresh air

Exercise 18: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the

incomplete sentences below.

1 Parents can express a _ for the school their child attends

A prefer B preference C preferential D preferable

2 I would like to invite you to participate in the ceremony

A graduate B graduated C graduation D graduating

In many countries, prospective university students apply for _ during their last year of high school

A achievement B information C course D admission

4 The University of Cambridge is a prestigious _ of higher learning in the U.K

5 He has not been offered the job because he cannot meet the _ of the company

A requirements B applicants C information D education

_ is used to describe the work of a person whose job is to treat sick or injured animals, or to describe the medical treatment of animals

A Chemistry B Pharmacy C Medicine D Veterinary

7 He was the only _ that was offered the job

Although he has not got necessary experience, he used to take a _ in businessadministration

The functional skills such as fundamentals of agriculture, health and hygiene and

population education have also been incorporated in the primary school _

10 There is a wide range of _ in the education system of the USA

A select B selective C selected D selection

Entry to university is competitive so some _ with the minimum entrance

qualifications will find themselves without a place

Students also have the opportunity to choose from a wide range of _ courses in the university

A compulsory B optional C required D limited

Many children are under such a high _ of learning that they do not feel happy at school

A recommendation B interview C pressure D concentration

She likes meeting people and travelling so she wants to apply for a _ of a

receptionist or tourist guide

15 To my _, I was not offered the job

16 Being well-dressed and punctual can help you create a good on your interviewer

A impression B pressure C employment D effectiveness

She often reads newspapers and look through the Situations _ columns every day, but up to now she has not found any job yet

18 Many people will be out of _ if the factory is closed

You should ask the interviewer some questions about the job to show your _ andkeenness

20 The control of _ has been carried out through measures rooted in monetarism

A inflate B inflationist C inflation D inflator

Be careful! Don’t be afraid to go!

VAuxiliary verb: e.g She is doing her homework S aux V

Lan was punished due to her carelessness

Aux VShe has studied here for five years now

S Aux V

c Do:

+ Main verb: e.g She does morning exercises regularly

S VThey did all they could in order to better their lives

S V+ Auxiliary verb: e.g She doesn’t go jogging because the weather is so wet

Lan did do that I think

S Aux V