You can do this sort of work at home.. – phía trên: There is a heading above each diagram.. Ü Across – t bên này sang bên kia qua: We walked across the field.. – phía bên kia: There is a
Trang 1CHUYÊN LUY N THI T T NGHI P THPT
Môn: TI NG ANH
– Có th nói vi c dùng các gi i t không ph i d , vì m i n c có cách dùng gi i t đ c
bi t; v y ta ph i r t chú ý đ n nó ngay t lúc m i h c môn ngo i ng đó nói chung và
ti ng Anh nói riêng Trong ti ng Anh, ng i ta không th đ t ra các quy lu t v các phép dùng gi i t mang tính c đ nh cho m i gi i t đó - cùng m t gi i t , khi đi v i t lo i khác nhau thì t o ra ngh a khác nhau V y chúng ta nên h c thu c m i khi g p ph i và
h c ngay t lúc ban đ u Chuyên đ này s cung c p cho các em nh ng hi u bi t c b n
v gi i t và m t s gi i t thông d ng
II KI N TH C C B N
1 nh ngh a
– Gi i t là t dùng đ n i danh t hay đ i t v i t đ ng tr c nó
2 V trí c a gi i t
Ü Gi i t th ng đ t tr c danh t ho c đ i t
Ví d : She went to school at the age of six
He usually visits me on Sundays
Ü Gi i t c ng có th đ ng sau đ ng t (tr sau “but” và “except”) và đ ng t ph i đ
d ng V-ing
Ví d : They succeeded in escaping
Ü Trong nh ng tr ng h p d i đây (dùng đ i t quan h ), gi i t có th đ t tr c đ i
t ho c đ t cu i câu:
To whom were you talking to?
Who were you talking to?
The people with whom I was travelling The people I was travelling with
Ü Gi i t có th là m t t riêng l nh : at, after, before, during, until, in, on, to,by,
Ü Gi i t c ng có th là m t c m t nh : in spite of, on account of, in front of, for the sake of…
Ü Chú ý: l c b “to” và “for” tr c tân ng gián ti p So sánh 2 câu d i đây
I gave the book to Tom
I gave Tom the book
Trang 2Tân ng gián ti p có th đ t tr c và gi i t “to” b l c b Chúng ta có th s d ng c u trúc này v i các đ ng t sau: bring, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pay, promise, send, show, sing, take…
I showed the map to Bill = I showed Bill the map They sent $5 to Mr Smith = They sent Mr Smith $5
T ng t , chúng ta c ng có th l c b “for” C u trúc này có th đ c s
d ng v i các đ ng t sau: build, buy, cook, fetch, find, get, keep, leave, make, order…
I’ll get a drink for you = I’ll get you a drink
I bought a book for James = I bought James a book
3 Phân lo i gi i t
Ü Gi i t ch th i gian: at, on, by, before, in, for, during…
Ví d : The train starts at 6.10, so you had better be at the station by 6.00
We arrived on the morning of the sixth
By the end of July, I’ll have read all those books
Before signing this contract, he had to consider a lot
Most people work from 9 to 5
Bake it for two hours
Ü Gi i t ch n i ch n: in, on, at, above, under, below…
Ví d : They arrived in Spain
You can do this sort of work at home
She put the letter under her pillow
We camped beside a lake
Ü Gi i t ch nguyên nhân: for, from, by, on, of…
The streets are lighted by mistakes
Thank you very much for your help
He trembled from fear
He died of tuberculosis many years ago
Ü Gi i t ch m c đích: for, to, at…
What do you want the paper for?
I’ve sent a letter to you
Ü Gi i t ch th cách: by, with, …
We can learn English by listening to the radio
She cut the bread with a sharp knife
Ü Gi i t ch ph ng ti n: by, in…
He goes to school by bus
She goes to work in her own car
Trang 3Ü Gi i t ch s t ng quan: by, next to, on, under, below…
They live below us
Tom is in front of Mary
My house is next to a cinema
4 Ngh a c a m t s gi i t th ng dùng
Ü About
– v : This is a story about elephants
– kho ng: He is about ten years old
Ü Above
– trên, cao h n: The plane flew above the clouds
– phía trên: There is a heading above each diagram
Ü Across
– t bên này sang bên kia (qua): We walked across the field
– phía bên kia: There is a store across the street
Ü After
– sau, sau khi: after ten o'clock; after lunch – đ ng sau: Q comes after P in the alphabet
– theo sau: The dog ran after the cat
Ü Against
– ch ng l i, làm trái: Theft is against the law
– giáp, ti p xúc, d a vào: I leaned my bicycle against the wall
Ü Along
– d c theo: We walked along the road
Ü Among
– gi a, trong s (m t nhóm ng i): The money was shared among three people
Ü Around
– vòng quanh: We walked around the block
– vây quanh, bao quanh: There is a fence around the garden
– kh p: I looked around the house for the keys
– quay sang m t h ng khác: We turned around and went back home
– kho ng: He is around six feet tall
Ü At
– m t đ a đi m c th : at 23 Chestnut Street; at the park – m t đi m th i gian: at 5 o'clock; at Christmas
– m t hoàn c nh: at peace; at war; at rest – m t ho t đ ng: at work; at school; at play – h ng t i, h ng vào: Look at someone; wave at someone
Ü Before
Trang 4– tr c khi, tr c: before two o'clock; before Christmas – đ ng tr c: S comes before T in the alphabet
Ü Behind
– đ ng sau, phía sau: The little girl hid behind her mother
– mu n: I am behind in my work
– nguyên nhân, ngu n g c: Who was behind that idea?
Ü Below
– bên d i, th p h n: below freezing; below sea level – phía d i: Footnotes are provided below the text
Ü Beside
– bên c nh: I sit beside her in class
Ü Between
– Gi a hai đi m trong không gian: Toronto lies between Montreal and Vancouver
– Gi a hai đi m th i gian: between Christmas and New Year's Day – trong m t nhóm hai ng i: The money was shared between two people
Ü Beyond
– trên: The mountains lie beyond the horizon
– v t quá: That was beyond my expectations
Ü By
– g n: a house by the sea – v t qua: He waved as he drove by the house
– tr c: Try to finish the work by next week
– theo m t đ n v nào đó: cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight – b ng, b i: travel by plane; written by him
Ü Concerning
– v , liên quan đ n: He studies everything concerning trees
Ü Despite
– m c dù: We walked downtown despite the rain
Ü Down
– xu ng phía d i: The ball rolled down the hill
– cu i: He lives down the street
Ü During
– su t m t kho ng th i gian: She works during the day
– m t th i đi m nào đó trong m t kho ng th i gian: An accident occurred during the night
Ü For
– trong kho ng th i gian: We walked for two hours
– kho ng cách: I walked for five kilometers
– m c đích: I bought this jacket for you
Trang 5– t i đâu đó: She left for New York
– tán thành, ng h : We are for the proposal
– so v i: The boy is clever for his age
Ü From
– t m t n i nào đó: We left from Boston; he comes from Mexico – b t đ u t m t th i gian nào đó: from now on; from yesterday until today – t m t l ng nào đó: From 20 to 30 people were present
– nguyên nhân: He suffers from nervousness
– ngu n (t ai đó): I first heard the story from you
Ü In
– m t n i nào đó: in London; in Europe – trong m t đ a đi m: in the room; in the building – vào tháng, n m: That happened in March, in 1992
– trong m t kho ng th i gian nh t đ nh: I will return in an hour
– b ng: write in pencil; speak in English – tình tr ng, đi u ki n: in doubt; in a hurry; in secret – thành viên c a…: He is in the orchestra; in the navy – m c: the boy in the blue shirt
– v , có liên quan đ n: lacking in ideas; rich in oil
Ü Into
– vào bên trong We stepped into the room
– thay đ i tình tr ng: The boy changed into a man
Ü Like
– gi ng: That looks like him
– nh th : It looks like rain
Ü Of
– v trí: east of here; the middle of the road – s h u: a friend of mine; the sound of music – m t ph n c a m t nhóm: one of us; a member of the team – đo l ng: a cup of milk; two meters of snow
Ü On
– trên (ch m vào nhau): on the table; on the wall – ngày xác đ nh: That happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June
– con đ ng xác đ nh: on South Street – v : a book on engineering
– m t tr ng thái ho c tình tr ng: on strike; on fire; on holiday – nh , b ng: live on a pension; shown on television
Ü Out of
– ra kh i: She went out of the room
– trong s : We won two games out of three
Trang 6– ch t li u: The bridge is made out of steel
– ra kh i: out of control; out of danger
Ü Over
– cao h n, trên: There are cupboards over the sink
– bao ph : We spread an extra blanket over the bed
– qua: I jumped over a puddle
– nhi u h n: It cost over ten dollars; it took over an hour – trong kho ng: I saw him several times over the past week
– b ng: We made plans over the telephone
Ü With
– cùng v i: He came with her; I have my keys with me
– có, ch a: Here is a book with a map of the island
– b ng, s d ng: I repaired the shoes with glue
– cách th c: with pleasure; with ease; with difficulty – b i vì: We were paralyzed with fear
Ü Within
– trong vòng: within twenty minutes; within one kilometer
Trang 7III C NG C KI N TH C
Bài t p: i n m t gi i t thích h p vào m i ch tr ng trong nh ng câu sau:
1 He lives Ha Tay
2 He went his friend's house
3 I'm going to stay home this weekend
4 Joanna works the hospital
5 Why don't we go the movies tonight?
6 We stayed the Mieszko Hotel
7 I'll be school later today
8 He's been working three weeks
9 I fell asleep the film
10 We talked an hour
11 Let's meet seven o'clock
12 He was born July
13 I went there 1998
14 She'll be at work Thursday
15 We met Christmas day
16 They drove to Barlinek September 15th
17 We arrived in this country September
18 I love to go shopping Christmas time
19 What do you like doing weekends
20 I lived in Holland the 1990s
21 I'll see you a few weeks
22 She wasn't short, she wasn't tall; she was average height
23 What are you going to buy Hania her birthday?
24 The police are looking a tall, black man who was seen standing outside the bank just before the robbery took place
25 The teacher asked the class to do the exercise the bottom of page 12
26 As a child I was always ashamed my parents because they were uneducated
27 I was always very good Geography when I was at school
28 We arrived Gorzów at 3.30 in the morning
29 I didn't see you the party on Saturday
30 He saw her as the most attractive woman the world
áp án:
1 in 2 to 3 at 4 in
5 to 6 in/ at 7 at 8 for
9 during 10 in 11 at 12 in
13 in 14 on 15 on 16 on
17 in 18 at 19 at 20 in
21 in 22 of 23 for 24 for
Trang 825 at 26 of 27 at 28 at
29 at 30 in
IV BÀI T P V NHÀ
Bài t p: i n m t gi i t thích h p vào ch tr ng:
1 Mr Martin is responsible ……… recruitment
2 I'm sorry but I don't understand the reason ……… the increase ………… price
3 In this company, salaries depend ………… the level of responsibility
4 You have to pay ………… the tickets the day you order them
5 Our new Chairman reminds me ……… my old history teacher
6 Do you think the report could be translated ………… English for the meeting tomorrow?
7 Thank you for offering to help It's very kind ……… you
8 Look ………… the woman ………… the picture Who is she?
9 The manager didn't take part ………… the discussion He didn't want to intervene
10 It's no use taking him to the Louvre He isn't interested ……… art
11 The food in Japan is very different ……… European food
12 I don't agree ……… you ……… my opinion you're wrong
13 John was late for the meeting as usual That's typical ……… him
14 We should invite Pete to the party He's very good ………… telling jokes
15 The car crashed ………… a fence ……… the other side of the road
Giáo viên: Nguy n Th Tâm