Summary of The Doctoral Dissertation of Public Management: State management for redevelopment of old department buildings - The case of Hanoi

The research objective of the thesis is to assess the government management for redevelopment of old department buildings. Finding out the barriers in the state management. From these findings, proposing the views and solutions to improve state management with redevelopment of the old department buildings in Hanoi.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

THIEU THI THU HUONG

STATE MANAGEMENT FOR REDEVELOPMENT OF

OLD DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS –

A CASE STUDY OF HA NOI

Specialization: Public management

Code : 9 34 04 03

SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION

The research work was accomplished at National Academy of Public Administration

Supervisor :

1 Assoc Prof.Dr Nguyen Thi Phuong

2 Dr Le Thi Bich Thuan

Venue: Room for Doctoral Defense , National Academy of Public

Administration, 77 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da District, HaNoi

Time : At , date , 2021

The dissertation can be found at :

- National Library of Viet Nam

- Library of National Academy of Public Administration

INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale

Urban redevelopment is an inevitable action that takes place in all countries in the world when the core areas of the city are degraded in construction and are no longer repaired or even the maintenance does not guarantee efficiency

Old department buildings in urban areas of Vietnam were built in the 1960s - 1970s, 1970s - 1980s and in the early 1990s, often concentrated in big cities like Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Vinh, Can Tho, Thanh Hoa, Viet Tri … Hanoi accounts for the largest number of about 1579 old department buildings Designed and built during the Subsidy period, most of the technical standards, spatiality and functions of outdated buildings do not meet current housing standards and regulations Besides, the management of government for old department buildings is still loose, leads to the disortion in planning, landscape, architectural forms Therefore, the situation of current degradation of the old department buildings has serious negative impacts on the living standards of the inhabitants as well as the general development of the city

The government has put the task of renovating and maintaining the old department

buildings as a strategic focus in urban development, however, the results only stay at the redevelopment of a number of single department buildings The management and

redevelopment of the old department buildings are very complicated and difficult due

to the conflicts of interests between related parties To solve this problem, it is necessary

to have accurate and strict management of the government in different stages, from orientation, calling for the participation of businesses, monitoring the implementation, ensuring the right to participate of the citizens Currently, all stages have problems that have not found appropriate solutions Especially in terms of theory, because of the lack of theoretical basis, there is no suitable method and implementation process, so projects are delayed Thus, the topic "State management for redevelopment of old department buildings - The case of Hanoi ” is necessary to systematize the rationale for the public state management for the redevelopment of the old department building into new and safe residential areas with good quality for residents, promote sustainable development as well as the general development of the whole city

2 Objectives and tasks

2.1 Objectives of the study:

The research objective of the thesis is to assess the government management for

redevelopment of old department buildings Finding out the barriers in the state management From these findings, proposing the views and solutions to improve state management with redevelopment of the old department buildings in Hanoi

2.2 Research tasks:

To achieve the above targets, the topic needs to perform the following tasks: Firstly, bringing an overview of related domestic and international research to clarify the "gaps" in the state management for the redevelopment of the old department

buildings complex, then identify issues to be solved Secondly, reviewing, synthesizing and analyzing relevant legal documents Third, building a theoretical and practical basis for state management of redevelopment of the old department buildings complexes, which clarifies the concept "Redevelopment of the old department buildings"; determines the role, content as well as factors affecting state management of

redevelopment of old department buildings Fourthly, studies the cases to analyze, assess the current state management activities for redevelopment of old department

buildings Finally, synthesizing, analyzing results, evaluating and proposing solutions,

as well as giving recommendations

3 Subject and scope of the study

3.1 Research subject of the topic

The research subject of the thesis is state management activities on the

redevelopment of old department buildings in the urban area

3.2 Research scope of the topic

-The scope of space: The thesis selected Hanoi city as the area for research

-The scope of time: The thesis focuses on assessing state management activities with the redevelopment of old department buildings complexes after 2005, when the Housing Law was enacted and the old department buildings redevelopment activities are officially legalized

4 Research questions and hypotheses

4.1 Research questions

1 How is the goal of sustainable development implemented in management of

redevelopment of old department buildings in urban areas of Vietnam?

2 What barriers of the state management for redevelopment of old department

buildings?

3 What solutions should be taken to improve state management of redevelopment

of the old department buildings?

attracted investors join; unit specialized in management and redevelopment of the old department buildings has not founded; Regulations the old department buildings redevelopment is not sufficient in term of quantity and quality; Conflict of interest between the investors and the communities have not been properly unified If these limitations are well adjusted, the redevelopment of the old department buildings will be speeded up and work effectively

- If state management of old department buildings is perfected from planning, reconciliation the conflicts between parties to reach the consensus of cooperation, balancing benefits, the redevelopment process will achieve the specified goal

5 Research method

Document research; Sociological investigation method; Expert method; Interview method; Collecting and processing survey data

6 Contribution of the topic

Theoretical contribution: The thesis has built up a theoretical basis for

management of the old department buildings redevelopment: Clarifying about old department buildings redevelopment; Creating redevelopment criteria towards sustainable development; Clearly defining the state management status for the

redevelopment of old department buildings; Identifying factors affecting state management over redevelopment of old department buildings The thesis has clearly stated the current situation of state management and proposed solutions to improve this situation for redevelopment of old department buildings in urban areas

Practical contribution: The results of the thesis will be the foundation for managers

in making policy, building plans and enhancing state management for the redevelopment

of old department buildings towards sustainable development direction

7 The structure of the thesis

Excluding the introduction and conclusion and list of references, appendices, dissertations, the thesis includes 4 chapters:

Chapter 1: Literature review

Chapter 2: Scientific basis of state management for old department buildingsredevelopment

Chapter 3: Current situation of state management for old department buildingsredevelopment - The case of Hanoi

Chapter 4: Viewpoints and solutions on state management for redevelopment of old department buildings in urban areas

CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1 Domestic and foreign research related to the topic

The thesis review divided into two groups include group of works on urban

redevelopment and old department buildings redevelopment in urban areas and group

of works on state management for urban redevelopment and old department buildingsredevelopment in urban areas

1.2 Thesis objectives:

On the basis of the "gaps" of previous studies, the thesis will continue to study the following issues: Clarifying the concept of old department buildingsredevelopment for

a wide approach; Establishing the sustainable development goals in old department

buildings redevelopment; Building the theoretical and practical basis for state management activities for redevelopment of old department buildings; Analyzing the difficulties and problems in the state management process for the redevelopment; Suggesting state management solutions for the renovation of old department buildings

CHAPTER 2 SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF STATE MANAGEMENT ON REDEVELOPMENT

OF OLD DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS

2.1 Old department buildings and redevelopment of old department buildings

2.1.1 Old department building s

A department building means a house with two or more floors with aisle, staircase

and public infrastructure for households and individuals The owner has the right to use land, home ownership and joint ownership of department buildings

A department complex is an area with 02 blocks or more departments on a planned

plot

Old department buildings are the buildings that have either of the following or both: + Lifetime: Designed and built in urban areas for a long time, the buildings have expired according to the national construction standards (with the lifetime standard of the buildings in grade 2 is 50 years)

+ Value: The department building is no longer guaranteed for useful value in: architectural design, structure, technical standards, other infrastructure and space

* Old department buildings classification

- Old department buildings of more than 20ha: They were designed and planned based on the housing unit model

- Old department buildings of less than 20ha: They are individual buildings that are grouped as a complex

* Characteristics of old department buildings in urban areas in Vietnam

Socio-economic features: Department buildings were built during war and

economy subsidies

Locational features: Most of the old department buildings are located in the center,

in the old districts of the city, it was a strictly restricted area

Planning and architectural features: Basically, the old department buildings can be divided into 02 groups: one is the big department complexes, built on a large, structured land plot based on the model of "Housing Unit", also known as the model "Sub-housing estate"; the other is smaller department complexes comprising only a few units

The ownership characteristics: State ownership and ownership of organizations

(agencies, factories ) After 1991, most apartments are changed to private ownership

Residential characteristic: The residents currently living in the old department buildings

vary in age and occupation, but the common thing is the medium and low income

Managerial characteristic: The State assign department buildings to local

management agencies

2.1.2 Redevelopment of the old department buildings

Urban redevelopment is not only about the destruction of old structures that can

be no longer restored the value and about the construction of new buildings but also the total improvement in urban functions, regulating economic and social interests between stakeholders, between reconstructing areas and the whole area to improve the quality

of life for residents

Redevelopment of old department buildings is a process of demolition of department buildings that can no longer be restored value, overall improvement and changing the function of departments, regulating benefits between stakeholders, between the redeveloped department buildings and the whole area to create an environment that provides high quality of life

2.1.3 Redevelopment of the old department buildings towards sustainable development

Sustainable development is "equal and balanced development, which means to

develop forever, it needs to balance the interests of groups of people in the same generation, and implement on all three important aspects that are interdependent with each other: economy, society and environment”

Applying sustainable development in urban redevelopment : Urban redevelopment is not only a process of restoring physical values, but also a process of comprehensively improving the reconstructed area on 03 aspects of economic - social - environmental features

Developing criteria for redevelopment of the old department building complexes towards sustainable development for urban areas in Vietnam In Vietnam, there are no

criteria for sustainable development assessment for urban redevelopment projects On the basis of other international research with a similar view of the redevelopment of the old department buildings towards Lesley Hemphill's sustainable development goals, the author selected, inherited and applied based on the current conditions and designed the set of criteria of sustainable development assessment for urban redevelopment projects Table 2.1 Develop a set of evaluation criteria for the redevelopment of the old

department buildings towards sustainable development

Economy

1 Making the most of the value of

the area redevelopment for

- There are other services to generate revenue

to pay for the cost

- Time of implementation progress

6 Adequate and sustainable

technical infrastructure

- There aren’t any overloaded roads and the road systems connect each other

- Ensuring that clean water is always supplied

- Ensuring public lighting

7 Utilities and social benefits in

the areas

- The ability to access culture, education, health, commerce, entertainment services of residents

8 Maintaining relationships in

the residential areas

- Close relationships in the neighborhood

9 Improving regional security - The security situation in the department

complex is better after renovation

10 Preserving the distinctive value

12 The transparency process of

old department buildings

redevelopment

-The information about the investor, plans, compensation … must be public and guarantee transparency

13 The satisfaction of the citizens Fewer conflicts of interests

Environment

14 Improving environmental

conditions in residential areas

- Disposing of waste does not pollute the environment

15 Design of plan, architecture

towards modern and green

direction

- Designing and building green construction

16 Using energy efficiently and

effectively

-Ensure a reasonable profit for the investors and low payback period

- There are other services to generate revenue

to pay for the cost

Source: Previous research by this author, 2019

2.2 Theory of state management for department building redevelopment

2.2.1 State management concept for old department buildings redevelopment

The concept of state management for the redevelopment of old department

buildings is defined as follows: “State management for the redevelopment of old department buildings is the use of the authorities’ officers and tools to perform

redevelopment operations management tasks in order to create a new department building with better quality, partly contributing to the development of a civilized, modern and sustainable city”

The subjects of state management of old department buildings are old department

buildings and legal agencies in the executive system at the central and local level, including the Government and specialized supported agencies; People's Committees at all levels and agencies under the People's Committee

The objective of state management for the redevelopment is the old department

buildings and other organizations and individuals involved in activities related to the

redevelopment of old department buildings

The goal of state management for the redevelopment is to ensure redevelopment

activities on old department buildings are implemented in accordance with orientation, laws, in compliance with plans and achieving set goals; ensuring the quality of the old residence after redevelopment; protecting the legitimate interests of the subjects involved in the redevelopment of old department buildings

2.2.2 Content of state management of department buildings redevelopment

(1) Promulgating the legal documents on mechanisms and policies for old department buildingsredevelopment management

(2) Organizing the state management system and developing the public officials management of the redevelopment of the old department buildings

(3) Managing the implementation of redevelopment of the old department building

complex: Examining and assessing the quality of the departments; developing and managing the implementation of plans on old department buildings redevelopment; establishing and approving of the redevelopment planning of the common old residential areas; selecting investor to implement the old department buildingsredevelopment project; managing the compensation, temporary resettlement and resettlement; managing the conflict of interest between investors and residential community

(4) Auditing, examining and handling violations

2.2.3 Factors affecting state management on old department buildings redevelopment

- Socio-economic factors

- The trend of sustainable urban development in the world

- Investor's capabilities and willingness to participate

- Collaboration of residential communities

- The State Institution

- The management capabilities and qualifications of officers and civil servants

- Capabilities to attract capital

2.3 World experiences

Thesis researched experience in old department buildings redevelopment

management of Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Singapore, China in terms of

implementation, organizational mechanisms and policies to regulate third party interests Thereby drawing some lessons for Vietnamese is that if we would like to be successful, it is necessary to have an institutional framework and strategy for a complete and strict master plan on urban redevelopment; the government should provide strong support; focusing on residential participation in planning; Appropriate method of implementation; Flexible market valuation

2.4 Conclusion of chapter 2

CHAPTER 3: CURRENT SITUATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT FOR

REDEVELOPMENT OF OLD DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS

- CASE STUDY OF HANOI 3.1 Redevelopment of old department buildings in hanoi city

3.1.1 Overview of old department buildings in hanoi

There are 1,579 old department buildings in Hanoi in total, divided into 2 groups: department complexes (76 zones and 1273 departments) and separate departments (306 departments) Old department buildings are classified according to the period of construction from 1960 - 1970, 1970 - 1980 and 1980 - 1990

The overall status of the old department buildings is: Construction time and lifetime have expired (over 50 years); Planning design, architecture are according to the old standards so they have become out of date; The area of old department buildings

are mostly about 30-50m2 / unit, the individual is less than 30m2; The technical infrastructure system was damaged and overloaded; The architectural form has been changed, being unattractive and awful due to the illegal construction of the citizen Planning for the whole area is deformed because the population size has increased by 2- 2.5 times compared to the original design; The rate of "new people" is high; Poor management due to irresponsible agency Currently, the old department buildings are seriously degraded, in danger of collapsing, thus it is necessary to improve and renew

to ensure safety and living environment for people

3.1.2 Current status of old department buildings redevelopment in Hanoi

- In terms of quantity: As of 2019, in 76 old department buildings of Hanoi, there are only 04 departments renovating and renewing including Kim Lien, Nguyen Cong Tru, Giang Vo and Thanh Cong Only 01-04 buildings have been rebuilt in each area The new quatity is 9 buildings that have been rebuilt

- In terms of quanlity: The research is conducted at 04 old department buildings

which has been renewed and evaluated for quality on economic, social and environmental aspects based on the set of criteria proposed in item 2.1.3 chapter 2 From an economic view, people consider their family's living space has been improved

at an affordable cost to the family On the social aspect, people in 04 old department buildings are quite satisfied with the quality of the department in which they were resettled in all criteria such as department building area, utility services, building management, security Rate of the department buildings is highly assessed with an average score of 4.1/5 On the environmental aspect, people approve of the environment

of the departments at an average level

The analytical results showed that the overall quality after redevelopment

basically has improved living space for people, improved housing standards and architectural landscape space, bringing a new and modern appearance for urban areas However, the new owner only cares about the quality of the department buildings and the utility of the building itself, and other elements required to create a sustainable housing area are not interesting Also, the number of redeveloped department buildings

is too small in comparison to the need, only 04 out of 76 old department buildings have been implemented, in which, each area has only 1-3 department buildings rebuilt

- On progress: The progress of redevelopment of public architecture in Hanoi is very slow and difficult All redevelopment projects at 04 old department buildings have been extended compared to plans

3.2 The current situation of state management for old department buildings redevelopment in hanoi

3.2.1 Current situation of the legal documents of state management for redevelopment of old department buildings

3.2.1.1 The system of legal documents by the Central Government

Regulations on redevelopment of old department buildings were included in the Housing Law, Capital Law Resolution 34/2007 / NQ-CP and Decree 101/2015/ ND-CP (replacing NQ 34/2007 / NQ- CP) is the document that has the greatest impact on the public policy of redevelopment in terms of policy and implementation of the

redevelopment of public service based on the project, applying the socialization method Documents of the Central Government have created a fairly complete legal framework for the implementation of old department buildings redevelopment However, in practice, there are still many regulations that are not reasonable to

implement due to the "warping" compared to reality, or not keeping up with the problems that arise in practice, and the lack of regulations and guidelines for solving the problem

3.2.1.2 Legal document system of Hanoi

Hanoi formed resolution No 07/2005/NQ-HDND on 5/8/2005 on redevelopment

of old department buildings; Decision No 48/2008 / QD-UBND on 28/7/2008 on the regulation of reforming and rebuilding of old department buildings But now Hanoi is a city that is "deadlocked" and be the weakest point in the country in terms of management and renovation of old department buildings because of local characteristics with a large population, high housing demand while limited land quotas, infrastructure and space development The documents of Hanoi have not solved these problems of the specific urban mechanism, but mainly specify the centralized documents

3.2.2 Current status of mechanisms and policies on redevelopment of the old department buildings

- Supporting mechanisms and policies for investors: about land, mobilizing

investment capital

- Mechanisms and policies for residential communities: encourage people to

contribute capital; capital support for residents; compensation, resettlement

Despite there are many continuous innovations and modifications, in general, the policies and mechanisms have not been applied effectively and are not attractive enough