Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ có các dạng sau: 1 Dùng cụm Ving : Dùng cho các mệnh đề chủ động The man who is standing there is my brother The man standing there is my brother 2 Dùng cụm P
Trang 1Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ có các dạng sau:
1) Dùng cụm Ving : Dùng cho các mệnh đề chủ động
The man who is standing there is my brother
The man standing there is my brother
2) Dùng cụm P.P: Dùng cho các mệnh đề bị động
I like books which were written by NguyenDu
I like books written by NguyenDu
3) Dùng cụm to inf: Dùng khi danh từ đứng trứoc có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa :
ONLY,LAST,số thứ tự như: FIRST,SECOND ,so sánh nhất
This is the only student who can do the problem
This is the only student to do the problem
-Động từ là HAVE/HAVE GOT
I have much homework that I must do > I have much homework to do
-Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today > There are six letters to be written today
- So sánh nhất
GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần to inf này các bạn cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
- Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf
Ex: We have some picture books that children can read
We have some picture books for children to read
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như we,you,everyone thì có thể không cần ghi ra
Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about
Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about
- Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu ( đây là lỗi dễ sai nhất)
Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat
We have a peg to hang our coat on
4) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ )
Dùng khi mệnh đề tình từ có dạng:
S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ
Cách làm: -bỏ who ,which và be
Ex: Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health
Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health
Football, a popular sport, is very good for health
Do you like the book which is on the table? > Do you like the book on the table?
Trường hợp khác:
I have a car which has four seats : tôi có 1 chiếc xe mà nó có 4 chổ ngồi
NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH TÓM LƯỢC – BÀI 19 GIẢN LƯỢC MĐQH - REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
Trang 2=> I have a four-seat car
EX:I had a holiday which lasted two days
=> I had a two-day holiday
EXECISES
I/.Combine, using Relative Clauses, and put commas where necessary:
1 This is a photograph of our friends We went on holiday with them
2 The city where I live is very noisy at night This makes it difficult to sleep
3 She had to look after her father for over 20 years He died last year
4 Mr Jones was very generous about overtime payments I was working for him
5 I was waiting for a man He didn’t turn up
6 You met a woman last night Can you tell me about her?
7 On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women and dogs They were playing in the park
8 She showed me a photograph of her son Her son is a policeman
9 This is my cousin Mary You talked to her at the party last Sunday
10 Three days ago, they visited Hanoi They’d never been to it before
II/Choose the correct sentence among A,B,C or D which has the same meaning as the given one
1 He likes the dress Huong is wearing it
He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it He likes the dress Huong is wearing it
He like the dress Huong is wearing He likes the dress Huong is wearing
2 The meal is really delicious They had it at a restaurant yesterday
The meal where they had at a restaurant yesterday is really delicious
The meal whom they had at a restaurant yesterday is really delicious
The meal which they had it at a restaurant yesterday is really delicious
The meal they had at a restaurant yesterday is really delicious
3 Most of the classmates couldn't come He invited them to the birthday party
Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come
Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come
Most of the classmates he were invited to the birthday party couldn't come
Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come
4 The bus was full of passengers and goods She travelled on it
Trang 3The bus on which she travelled it was full of passengers and goods
The bus she travelled on was full of passengers and goods
The bus which she travelled on it was full of passengers and goods
The bus she travelled on it was full of passengers and goods
5 The girl is from Britain We are going to see her
The girl which we are going to see is from Britain The girl we are going to see her is from Britain
The girl we are going to see is from Britain The girl whose we are going to see is from Britain
6 What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning
What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning?
What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning?
What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning?
What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning?
7 The woman talked all the time I sat next to her on the bus
The woman which I sat next to on the bus talked all the time
The woman I sat next to on the bus talked all the time
The woman I sat next to her on the bus talked all the time
The woman who sat next to on the bus talked all the time
8 The church is over 500 years old Our class visited it last summer
The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old
The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old
The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old
The church our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old
9 The flat was very old My family used to live in it for a long time before coming here
The flat which my family used to live in it for a long time before coming here was very old The flat where my family used to live in for a long time before coming here was very old The flat where my family used to live in it for a long time before coming here was very old The flat my family used to live in for a long time before coming here was very old
10 The song says about the love of two young stdents She is singing the song
The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents
The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents
The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing
The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it
GIẢM MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
BT Giảm mệnh đề
1 Dr Leo Evans in this restaurant every day is a famous doctor
A eat B to eat C eaten D eating
2 The pupil _ next to me is very clever
A sit B sitting C sat D to sat
Trang 43 Libya is a leading producer of oil It is a country in Africa
A Libya is a leading producer of oil, a country in Africa
B Libya is a leading producer of oil is a country in Africa
C Libya is a country in Africa a leading producer of oil
D Libya, a country in Africa is a leading producer of oil
4 Credit cards in international trade are very convenient
A used B to use C using D have been used
5 The man _ to the police station He denied stealing the money
A bring B to bring C brought D bringing
6 Do you know that student _ toward us?
A come B comes C came D coming
7 The pot water is on the counter
A contains B contained C to contain D containing