Cho đến nay, bướm ga được điều khiển bằng dây cáp trong hầu hết các xe hơi. Nhiều nhà sản xuất ô tô gần đây đã tiến hành nghiên cứu bướm gas điện tử để sử dụng chúng kết hợp với phun xăng điện tử nhằm tối ưu hóa mức tiêu thụ nhiên liệu và nâng cao độ an toàn. Mục đích của ETCS là điều khiển hệ thống một cách khoa học và chính xác hơn nhằm tối ưu hóa việc tiết kiệm năng lượng, tối ưu hóa hiệu suất và tăng hiệu suất của hệ thống tùy theo từng trường hợp khác nhau. Chính vì những ưu điểm nói trên, nhóm chúng tôi quyết định tìm hiểu và nghiên cứu thêm về Hệ thống điều khiển bướm ga điện.
Trang 2Table of Contents
Trang 3List of Abbreviated words and Figures
1 List of Abbreviated words
• ECT: Electronic Control Throttle
• CAN: Controller Area Network
• ECU: Electronic Control Unit
• SAE: Association of American Automotive Engineers
• ECM: Electronic control module
• TCM: Transmission control module
• BCM: Body control module
• ABS: Anti-block braking system
• ESP: Electronic stability programming
2. List of Figures
• Figure 1 How does ECTs work
• Figure 2: Can protocol
• Figure 3: Front View of the Arduino Uno R3
• Figure 4: Front View of the Arduino Nano
• Figure 5: MCP2515 Module
• Figure 6: Throttle body model
• Figure 7: Motor SG90
• Figure 8: Arduino software
• Figure 9: Simulation ECT system model by Proteus
• Figure 10: Real ECT system model
Trang 4Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION ABOUT OVERVIEW OF TOPIC
1.1 Domestic and foreign research situation
Electronic throttle control (ETC) system has worked its way to becoming a standard subsystem in most of the current automobiles as it has contributed much
to the improvement of fuel economy, emissions, drivability and safety
In view of a recent massive auto recalls due to the controversial uncontrollable engine accelerations, this topic may inspire further research interest on the automotive technology in the future
There are many Domestic and foreign research on this topic
1.1.1 Domestic
PGS.TS Đỗ Văn Dũng – Trang bị điện & điện tử trên ô tô hiện đại – Nhà xuất bản Đại Học Quốc Gia TP Hồ Chí Minh – Năm 2004
Điều khiển bướm ga điện tử trên xe ô tô (Electric throttle Control) – K.s Đinh Trường Sơn Đại Học Công Nghệ, TP Hồ Chí Minh – Năm 2016
Nghiên cứu thiết kế chế tạo mạch điều khiển bướm ga, KS Lý Vĩnh Đạt, Trường Đại Học Sư Phạm Kỹ Thuật, Tp Hồ Chí Minh – Năm 2005
1.1.2 Foreign
CAN bus applied to the vehicle throttle controller Computer Network Applications Langfang Teachers College Institute of Mathematics and Information Science,Hebei Langfang,China
Electronic Throttle Control System: Modeling, Identification and Model-Based Control Designs Robert N K Loh1, Witt Thanom1,2, Jan S Pyko1,2, Anson
Lee1,2 Center for Robotics and Advanced Automation, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering
Electrical & Electronic Systems Engineering, Chrysler Group LLC, Auburn Hills, USA, 2013
-Electronic throttle control - Delphi Automotive Systems and Hitachi Automotive Products Andreas Pechlaner, Hermann Kern, Frank Auer - Throttle Control with
Smart Power Bridges and Microcontrollers of the C500 and the C16x-families – 1999
1.2 The necessary of topic
Electronic throttle control system is more equipped in modern cars
Throttle control by wire have become stably and accurately, so electronic throttle
Trang 5control system has replaced traditional throttles which has been controlled by cable
In comparison with the conventional cable version, electronic throttle control system has some advantages such as: minimum adjustment and maintenance, absolute minimum harmful exhaust emissions cause pollution of surrounding environment
1.3 The objective of topic
The application of automatic control technology to automobiles instead of mechanical control devices is inherently inaccurate and requires regular repair and maintenance
Replacing electronic control systems, which gives cars a number of advantages in control, repair, maintenance and above all, the control by accurate electronic systems and stable has helped cars emit less toxic waste causing environmental pollution, fuel economy and control each mode of operation on the car Electronic throttle control system Electronic Throttle Control System is a superior system and has been fitted on most modern cars today
Electronic throttle control circuit meets the dynamic requirements of throttle, in addition to basic control functions such as conventional throttle control, electronic throttle control circuit also combined control of modes Cruise control and Traction control with high accuracy and responsiveness
1.4 Method and research area
Electronic throttle control is programmed by Adruino and applies Can-Bus communication Conducting research and manufacture of simulation model of electronic throttle operation in reality The objective is to control the opening and closing angle of the throttle in the engine Perform experiments
Making premise for research, design and manufacture of electronic throttle control system
Electronic throttle control circuit has been designed on the basis of:
• Use the Volume Resistor to simulate the accelerator pedal position sensor Simulate the change in throttle position and the signal will be sent to the ECU
• Adruino will tissue for ECU receive input signal of throttle position sensor, process information and output signal to control throttle opening angle
• Using simulation servo motor for electronic throttle, receive signals from ECU and perform opening and closing
Trang 61.4.1 The method to solve problem
The signal from the throttle pedal sensor is sent to the microcontroller, the microcontroller sends an output signal to control the throttle motor's rotating power circuit
At the same time, there is a feedback signal from the throttle position sensor so that the microprocessor makes a comparison to control the throttle wings more accurately
In addition, when there are control signals sent by Cruise control or Traction control, the microcontroller also controls the throttle corresponding to those modes
Analog signals from throttle position sensors and throttle pedal position sensors are converted by the converter into digital signals before sending them to the microcontroller
1.4.2 Research area
Andreas Pechlaner, Hermann Kern, Frank Auer - Throttle Control with Smart Power Bridges and Microcontrollers of the C500 and the C16x-families – 1999 Electronic throttle control - Delphi Automotive Systems and Hitachi Automotive Products
Nghiên cứu thiết kế chế tạo mạch điều khiển bướm ga, KS Lý Vĩnh Đạt, Trường Đại Học Sư Phạm Kỹ Thuật, Tp Hồ Chí Minh – Năm 2005
Chapter 2: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
2.1 Overview of the electronic throttle control system position in automotive industry
Today, science and technology is growing rapidly Therefore, new technologies and innovations are constantly being launched to serve industries, which create products that make life more convenient Especially in the automotive industry, technology is indispensable, everything must be coordinated in a smooth and accurate way to give the driver a feeling of comfort and without much effort and can save fuel That is why when the electronic throttle control system came into being, it caused a great buzz in the automotive industry
Based on geography, the automotive electronic throttle body market can be segmented into Asia Pacific, Europe, North America, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa Asia Pacific is a prominent producer of electronic throttle body systems followed by Europe The automotive electronic throttle body market in Asia Pacific is estimated to expand at a
Trang 7significant growth rate due to the increasing number of the vehicles manufactured in the region
Key manufacturers operating in the automotive electronic throttle body market are Magneti Marelli S p A., Delphi Automotive PLC, Robert Bosch GmbH, Continental
AG, Denso Corporation, Jenvey Dynamics Limited, Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd., and Pacco Industrial Corporation
2.1.1 Definition of electronic throttle control system
Electronic throttle control (ETC), also known as drive-by-wire is an automobile technology which electronically "connects" the accelerator pedal to the throttle, replacing
a mechanical linkage
2.2 Role of electronic throttle control system
Electronic throttle control (ETC) system has worked its way to become a standard subsystem in most of the current automobiles as it has contributed much to the improvement of fuel economy, emissions, drivability and safety Precision control of the subsystem, which consists of a DC motor driving a throttle plate, a pre-loaded return spring and a set of gear train to regulate airflow into the engine, seems rather straightforward and yet complex
2.3 Principle of electronic throttle control system operation
In ETC systems, a vehicle's electronic control unit uses information from the throttle position sensor (TPS), accelerator pedal position sensor (APP sensor), wheel speed sensors, vehicle speed sensor and a variety of other sensors to determine how to adjust throttle position
Figure 1 How does ECTs work
When you press on your car's gas pedal, instead of opening the throttle, you're activating
an accelerator pedal module, which converts the pressure you put on the pedal into an electric signal That signal is then sent to an electronic control unit, which takes your
Trang 8inputs into account, as well as outside variables, to open the throttle for optimum efficiency and performance
Chapter 3: CAN NETWORK COMMUNICATION
3.1 Overview of CAN network communication in automotive
Communication network in particular and communication network on vehicles in general are a system of control boxes on the same vehicle including types such as ECM, TCM, BCM, ABS When operating, they can communicate and exchange information with each other without increasing the number of wires
In order to optimize the control and restriction of wires, today, all vehicles from cars, trucks, tractors, construction machines, aircraft, military vehicles, even motorcycles are also use network communication
And CAN network is the main communication protocol used in most cars today CAN
is used in the automobile industry, making automotive electrical systems more stable, safe and energy-efficient, while reducing the complexity of connecting wires between thousands of devices in the car Researching and programming CAN system on the communication model between CAN module and ARDUINO UNO is the most effective approach and understanding of CAN system
Understanding the development trend of the automobile industry, our team decided to select the topic "Electronic Throttle Control System using CAN network" to implement
in the project plan
3.1.1 Defination of CAN network communication
A Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a communication system made for vehicle intercommunication This bus allows many microcontrollers and different types of devices to communicate with each other in real time and also without a host computer It using 2 channel, CAN low and CAN high to transfer the information CAN low will use for normal signal which does not need to transfer fast and CAN high is use for real-time signal
CAN also have a protocol to communicate When a signal is sent, it will follow that protocol
Trang 9Figure 2 : Can protocol
Out team goal is using CAN to transfer the information of the brake pedal to control the Electric Throttle Control module
3.1.2 History of the CAN network
CAN is a serial communication protocol that strongly supports real-time distributed control systems with excellent stability, security, and noise resistance
CAN has been developed by Bosch Gmbh since 1983, then officially launched in
1986 and accredited by the SAE, headquartered in Detroit Michigan
In the first few years after its launch, Intel and Philips were the first two manufacturers to produce chips for CAN (1987) and Mercedes-Benz W140 was the first commercial vehicle to be equipped with CAN Today, almost all modern cars have CAN support and almost all major chip manufacturers in the world produce CAN integrated chips like Siemens, Motorola, NEO, etc Infineon, Mitsubishi, TI
In addition to the automotive industry, CAN is also widely used in automation, shipbuilding, submarines, agriculture, medicine thanks to the advantages of its reliability
3.2 CAN network communication method
CAN bus in automotive applications in the increasingly widespread, but the basis
of the existing bus articulated electronic throttle module, and how to make it stable and reliable and practical, is the CAN bus, a new practical application
3.2.1 Standard CAN protocol
The first standard of CAN is ISO 11898, which defines the characteristics of CAN, including high-speed CAN and low-speed CAN
3.2.2 Low speed CAN
CAN-B is defined in ISO 11898-3 and operates at a bit rate of 5 to 125kbit/s Many applications in vehicle body area and comfort/comfort This speed satisfies the real-time requirements required in this range Examples of such applications are:
Trang 10- Control the air conditioner system.
- Adjust the seat
- Set of automatic windows
- Control sliding doors on the roof of cars
- Adjust the mirror
- Light system
- Control the steering system
CAN bus is also used in vehicle diagnostics Here the electronic controller is directly connected to the CAN bus from which to receive the information it needs for instant diagnosis Previous diagnostic interfaces (KWP 2000) are becoming less common
3.2.3 High speed CAN
CAN-C is defined in ISO 11898-2 and operates at speeds of 125kbit/s to 1Mbit/s Therefore the data transmission can satisfy the real-time requirements of the transmission
The CAN-C bus is used for the network of the following systems:
- Engine control system (Motronic for electronically controlled gasoline and diesel engines)
- Control the power transmission system electronically
- Vehicle balancing systems (ESP)
- Cluster of equipment
3.2.4 Communication method
The feature of CAN is the method of addressingand object-oriented communication, while most other field bus systems communicate based on the address of the stations Each information exchanged in the network is treated as an object, assigned
an ID number Information sent on the bus according to the type of message transmission may vary in length Notifications are not sent to a specific address that any station can receive on demand The content of each message is distinguished by stations through an
ID code The ID does not indicate the destination of the message, but only the meaning of the data in the message Therefore, each station on the network can decide whether to receive and process messages or not to receive messages through the message filtering method Also by using his message filtering method, multiple stations can simultaneously receive the same message and have different responses A station can request another station to send data by sending a request frame The station that provides the information content will return a frame containing the data with the same ID code as the request frame Along with the simple feature, the object-oriented communication mechanism in CAN also provides flexibility and data consistency of the system A CAN station does not