The water resources mangement in cong river basin thai nguyen province using gis and staellite image

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry ADVANCED EDUCATION PROGRAM BACHELOR THESIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT MAJOR Research Proposal: THE WATER RESOURCES MAN

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

ADVANCED EDUCATION PROGRAM

BACHELOR THESIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT

MAJOR

Research Proposal:

THE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CONG RIVER BASIN, THAI

NGUYEN PROVINCE USING GIS AND STAELLITE IMAGE

HOANG VAN THANH

K42AEP

Supervisor: MSC Nguyen Van Hieu

THAI NGUYEN 15th January, 2015

ABSTRACT

Water resource management is a very important issue from several angles such as development of water bodies for future, protection of available water bodies from pollution and over exploitation and to prevent disputes A paramount issue is water-its availability, quality and management Extensive hydrological information is necessary

to develop water resources and protect them

The study using remote sensing technology and GIS for water resource management Study was carried out according to the following The first secondary data collection include, Landsat 8 ITR image, digital elevation model DEM and some

of maps related and then using inheriting method to give a comprehensive view of all aspects of the issues rose in the research After that topographical data processing and identification of sub-basin in Cong river basin using arc hydro tool in GIS After that overlay classification by remote sensing technology and GIS created land cover change maps in period 2000 and 2013 Finally, determining runoff coefficient and assessment of land cover change to the runoff coefficient

Results identified 18 sub-basins and build land cover map in 2000 and 2013 with 7 types of land use, from which evaluated the change of runoff coefficients and relationships between runoff coefficient and forest area change

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wishes to express my sincere gratitude to advisors, Msc.Nguyen Van Hieu – vice director in “Center for foreign language and applied informatics” for their advices,

valuable suggestion and guidances Who help me a lot during the internship time

Without their assistance and dedicated involvement in every step throughout the process, this study would have never been accomplished

I wants to express his sincere from the bottom of his heart for my friends for their supports, encourages and advices I also want to express my intrinsic understanding my Family members for their unconditional loves

I INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Rationale 1

1.2 The purpose 2

1.3 The requirement 2

1.4 Significance of the study 2

1.4.1 Scientific significance 2

1.4.2 The significance in reality 2

1.5 Limitation 2

II LITERATURE REVIEW 4

2.1 Legal basis 4

2.2 Theoretical basis 6

2.2.1 Water resource 6

a) Surface water 6

b) Sub-surface 7

2.2.2 River basin 8

2.2.3 Land cover 9

2.2.4 Geographic Information System 9

a) Definition of GIS 9

d) GIS application 11

2.2.5 Remote sensing (RS) 12

2.3 Practical basis 14

2.3.1 The research in the world 14

2.3.2 The research in Viet Nam 16

III THE CONTENTS AND RESEARCH METHODS 19

3.1 The objects and scope of research 19

3.1.1 The objects of research 19

3.1.2 The scope 19

3.3 The methodology 19

3.3.1 Data collection methods 19

3.3.2 Inherited Methods 20

3.3.3 Topographical data processing and identification of sub-basin in Cong river basin 20

3.3.4 Classification overlay by Remote Sensing Technology and GIS 21

3.3.5 Determining the runoff coefficient 22

3.3.6 Effecting of land cover change on the runoff coefficient 22

IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 24

4.1 General of natural conditions of Cong river basin 24

4.1.1 Geographical location 24

4.1.2 The administrative division 25

4.1.3 Climate - Hydrology 25

4.1.4 Topographic conditions 28

4.1.5 Natural Resources 29

4.3 The socio-economic development of Cong river basin 31

4.3.1 Population and labor force 31

4.3.2 Economic 32

4.3.3 Infrastructure 33

4.3.4 Education and training 34

4.3.5 Health 35

4.3.6 Post and telecommunications 36

4.4 Determining sub watershed (sub basin) using GIS 37

4.4.1 Land cover classification using remote sensing technology and GIS 38

4.5 Land cover change in period 2000-2013 in Cong river basin 40

4.6 The status of land cover in period 2000-2013 in Cong river basin 40

4.7 Forest area change in period 2000-2013 in Cong river basin 43

4.8 Runoff coefficient changes in Cong river basin 46

V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 49

5.1 Conclusion 49

5.2 Recommendation 49

VI REFERENCES 51

6.1 Article in collective work 51

6.2 Internet resources 52

LIST OF ACRONYMS

LIDAR : Light detection and ranging

SRTM : Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

ILWIS : Integrated Land and Water Information System

LIST OF TABLE Table 4.1: The unit administration of Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.2: Population density in 2010 in Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.3: Statistics of economic activity period 2000 to 2010Error! Bookmark not defined

Table 4.4: Statistics education period from 2000 to 2010 Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.5: Education statistics in Cong river basin in 2000Error! Bookmark not defined

Table 4.6: Health Statistics during period 2000- 2010 Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.7: The sub-basin in Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.8: Symbol types of soil according to USGS code Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.9:The status of land use map in 2000 Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.10: The status of land cover map in 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.11: Forest area change in period 2000-2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4 12: Annual runoff coefficient in each sub-basin Error! Bookmark not defined

LIST OF FIGURE Figure 3.1: Determined sub watershed using GIS Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 3.2: Classification overlay Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 3.3: Runoff coefficient Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.1: Cong river basin location on Vietnam map Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.2: Average annual temperatures in Cong river basinError! Bookmark not defined

Figure 4.3: Total annual hours of sunshine in Cong river basinError! Bookmark not defined

Figure 4.4: Average annual rainfall in Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.5: The average humidity of the years in Cong river basinError! Bookmark not defined

Figure 4.6: The structure of Land use in Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.7: The structure of the economics in Cong river basinError! Bookmark not defined

Figure 4.8: Health Statistics in period 2000- 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.9: Sub basin in Cong river basin Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.10: Image classification Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.11: Training Sample Manager Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.12: The Land cover map in 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.13: The Land cover map in 2000 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.14: The status of land cover map in 2000 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.15: The status of land cover map in 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.16: The status of land cover in period 2000-2013Error! Bookmark not defined

Figure 4.17: Forest area change map in 2000 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.18: Forest area change map in 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.19: Forest area change in period 2000-2013 Error! Bookmark not defined

Figure 4.20: Runoff coefficient in 2000 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.21: Runoff coefficient in 2013 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 4.2: Runoff coefficient in period 2000-2013 Error! Bookmark not defined

I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale

Nowadays, protection and economical use of water resources is a matter of leading concern, the water relates to the survival and development of human and society However, water is not natural resources, "endless", If not consciously protect and saving,

we will lose the freshwater resources

Humans cannot exist without water, but people seem not to enhance the role of water in our lives, many of the factories, companies, factories were discharging waste, toxic substances have not yet been handled in the river, causing serious water pollution and negative impact on the life of humans In everyday life many people use water and other energy wasteful, no sense of saving, it does not only affect the economy but also severe impacts to resources nature

Water holds a special role in the life and human development Therefore, the protection water resource is becoming a very important issue of community in which each person's consciousness is essential and critical role in the protection, preservation and development of natural resources Saving and rational use of water resources is not only save money but also protect our life

The current science and technology sector is growing constantly, and the applied scientific techniques in water resources management helping human easily manage, save costs and workers GIS applications in natural resources management in general and water resources management in particular has been widely used in developing countries That's why I choose the research is:’’ The water resources in Cong river basin management, Thai Nguyen province using GIS and satellite image

1.2 The purpose

The purpose of this research is to illustrate the process of how to using the major

functionalities available in the GIS construct hydrological and the effect of land use

change on runoff in Cong River basin

1.3 The requirement

- Collecting enough relevant data needed to study

- Data classification and process

- Creating map and data layers using GIS

- Creating Geodata using ArcGIS software

1.4 Significance of the study

1.4.1 Scientific significance

GIS is a powerful tool for developing solutions for water resources such as

assessing water quality and managing water resources on a local or regional scale

Hydrologist use GIS technology to integrate various data and applications into one,

manageable system The suite of tools contained in Arc Hydro facilitates the creation,

manipulation, and display of hydro features and objects within the ArcGIS environment

1.4.2 The significance in reality

Favorable management of hydrological systems in the region through the maps

built of GIS Cost savings and human resources through making the correct decision

Easy to update and change information by manipulating on software

1.5 Limitation

- The execution time to make the project in just 3 months and budget constraints, so

the subject cannot build an observation system in the region

- The research only focused on building a model of the Cong river basin, Thai Nguyen

Province

- Experience limited to the research process and can make comments subjective and less right

II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Legal basis

Since 1986 and especially during the early 90s, environmental protection has become a constitutional principle in Vietnam as regulated by Articles 17 and 29 of the

1992 Constitution The first Law on Environmental Protection, passed by the National Assembly on December 27, 1993 created a foundation for environmental legislation becoming an important field in Vietnam’s legal system In the following, Vietnam enacted its very first Law on Water Resources (No 08/1998/QH10) in January 1999 aiming to provide a foundational framework for managing the water sector in Vietnam In recent years, the legislative framework on water resources management has further developed Important water related regulations on the guidance and implementation of the Law on Water Resources have been issued and often amended to meet the requirements of the country’s development, and its international integration

In January 1999, Vietnam enacted its very first Law on Water Resources No 08/1998/QH10, which was adopted in May 1998 to provide a foundational framework for

managing the water sector The law outlined state management, exploitation and utilization, the protection of water resources and sanctions against violations, as well as international relations in water resources management

To guide the Law on Water Resources’ implementation, Decree No

179/1999/ND-CP was promulgated by the Government on December 30, 1999, and prescribed in detail

state management, exploitation and utilization, the protection of water resources, especially relating to the discharge of wastewater into water sources, and the granting of permit(s) related to water resources, as well as the prevention of, combat against and overcoming of harmful effects caused by water These two legal documents created a legal basis for the management of the water sector in Vietnam Accordingly, water resources are under the ownership of the entire population and uniformly man-aged by the state All organizations and individuals have the right to exploit and use water

resources to meet their daily life and production demands Besides, they are also obligated to protect and develop water resources in a sustainable manner, as well as to prevent against and mitigate for any harm caused by water

Accordingly, the Law on Water Resources (Luật Tài nguyên nước) No 08/1998/QH10 (hereafter called the LWR), passed by the National Assembly at the 10th

legislature, 3rd session on May 20, 1998 stipulates the management, protection, development, and utilization of water resources, as well as the control and mitigation of any adverse consequences caused by water Water resources stipulated in this law refer to surface water, rainwater, groundwater and seawater within the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam In legal terms, “water re-sources” refers to various forms of natural

or man-made water accumulations that can be exploited and used – rivers, streams, canals, ditches, sea, lakes, lagoons, ponds, aquifers, drains, ice, snow and other forms of water accumulation Depending on quality and features, there are different requirements

on the management and use of water resources

In detail, as regulated by Article 9 of Decree No 179/1999/ND-CP providing

guidelines for the implementation of the Law on Water Resources, organizations and individuals that exploit and use water resources for daily life, agriculture, industrial production, mining, and electric power generation have to apply for permits from competent state agencies Conditions for granting such permits must be based on current legislation on water resources and other relevant forms of legislation Permits for the exploitation and use of surface water are valid for twenty years Permits for the exploitation and use of groundwater are valid for fifteen years Competent state agencies

to grant such permits shall decide their extension, but each extension must not exceed ten years

Issuance of permits for water resources exploitation, extraction and utilization and wastewater discharge into water sources is further regulated by the Government’s Decree

No 149/2004/ND-CP of July 27, 2004 and MONRE’s Circular No 02/2005/TT-BTNMT

issued on June 24, 2005 Accordingly, exploration, exploitation, inventory and use of water resources must comply with the planning approved by competent state agencies In addition, permits for exploitation, use of water resources and discharge of wastewater into water sources must stipulate all environmental protection conditions

Water is an essential resource for all life on the planet Of the water resources on Earth only three percent of it is fresh and two-thirds of the freshwater is locked up in ice caps and glaciers Of the remaining one percent, a fifth is in remote, inaccessible areas and much seasonal rainfall in monsoonal deluges and floods cannot easily be used At present only about 0.08 percent of all the world’s fresh water is exploited by mankind in ever increasing demand for sanitation, drinking, manufacturing, leisure and agriculture

a) Surface water

Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland Surface water is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, evapotranspiration and sub-surface seepage

Although the only natural input to any surface water system is precipitation within its watershed, the total quantity of water in that system at any given time is also dependent on many other factors These factors include storage capacity in lakes,

wetlands and artificial reservoirs, the permeability of the soil beneath these storage bodies, the runoff characteristics of the land in the watershed, the timing of the precipitation and local evaporation rates All of these factors also affect the proportions of water loss

Human activities can have a large and sometimes devastating impact on these factors Humans often increase storage capacity by constructing reservoirs and decrease it

by draining wetlands Humans often increase runoff quantities and velocities by paving areas and channelizing stream flow

b) Sub-surface

Sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table Sometimes it is useful to make a distinction between sub-surface water that is closely associated with surface water and deep sub-surface water in an aquifer (sometimes called

"fossil water")

Sub-surface water can be thought of in the same terms as surface water: inputs, outputs and storage The critical difference is that due to its slow rate of turnover, sub-surface water storage is generally much larger compared to inputs than it is for surface water This difference makes it easy for humans to use sub-surface water unsustainably for a long time without severe consequences Nevertheless, over the long term the average rate of seepage above a sub-surface water source is the upper bound for average consumption of water from that source

The natural input to sub-surface water is seepage from surface water The natural outputs from sub-surface water are springs and seepage to the oceans

2.2.2 River basin

a) Definitions

A river basin is the portion of land drained by a river and its tributaries It encompasses all of the land surface dissected and drained by many streams and creeks that flow downhill into one another, and eventually into the Milwaukee River The final destination is than an estuary which eventually carries it to Lake Michigan As a bathtub catches all the water that falls within its sides, a river basin sends all the water falling on the surrounding land into the Milwaukee River, then to Lake Michigan and eventually the Atlantic Ocean

As an artery connects the parts of a body to one another, so a river threads together the creeks and streams, valleys and hills, lakes and underground springs that share a common assembly of water Whatever happens to surface or groundwater in one part of the river basin will find its way to other parts If water is diverted out of its downward course in one section, other parts will come to "know" of its absence A river basin comes closer than any other defined area of land, with the exception of an isolated island, to meeting the definition of an ecosystem in which all things, living and non-living are connected and interdependent

b) The basic features of the basin:

• Catchment area F (km2)

• The length of the basin L (km)

• The width of the basin B (km)

• The average height of the basin Hbq (m)

• Density river network D (km / km2)

2.2.3 Land cover

Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc Earth cover is the expression used by ecologist Frederick Edward Clements that has its closest modern equivalent being vegetation The expression continues to be used by the Bureau of Land Management

There are two primary methods for capturing information on land cover: field survey and analysis of remotely sensed imagery

Satellite imagery and GIS maps for land cover, land use and its changes is a key to many diverse applications such as environment, forestry, hydrology, agriculture and geology Natural Resource Management, Planning and Monitoring programs depend on accurate information about the land cover in a region Methods for monitoring vegetation change range from intensive field sampling with plot inventories to extensive analysis of remotely sensed data which has proven to be more cost effective for large regions, small site assessment and analysis

2.2.4 Geographic Information System

GIS - geographic information system is formed from three geographical concepts and information systems Geographical concepts related to the characteristics of the space, location These characteristics directly affect objects in space

a) Definition of GIS

A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographical information science or geospatial information studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geo-informatics What goes beyond a GIS is a spatial data infrastructure, a concept that has no such restrictive boundaries

b) The model generalization of process GIS

 Input Data: data to be imported from various sources such as converting the data representation, scanners, from the satellite images, photos

 Data management: after the data are collected and kept synthesis, GIS should provide equipment selection and maintenance can ensure data: data security, data integration, filtering and numbered data, and the ability to maintain



 Data processing: the data processing operations to be carried out to generate information It helps the user decide what to do further work, the results of the data processing is to create images, reports and maps

 Analysis model: general data and convert only a part of the GIS The next requirement is the ability to decode and analyze the qualitative and quantitative

aspects of information collected

 Data out: one of the aspects of GIS is the change of the different methods in which information can be displayed when it is processed by GIS The traditional methods

are tables and graphs can be supplied with maps and photos

c) Components of GIS

Hardware: Hardware is the computer system on which a GIS operates Today, GIS software runs on a wide range of hardware types, from centralized computer servers to desktop computers used in stand-alone or networked configurations

Software: GIS software provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyze, and display geographic information A review of the key GIS software subsystems is provided above

Data: Perhaps the most important component of a GIS is the data Geographic data and related tabular data can be collected in-house, compiled to custom specifications and

Data management

Data processing

Data

input

Analysis and modeling

Data output

requirements, or occasionally purchased from a commercial data provider A GIS can integrate spatial data with other existing data resources, often stored in a corporate DBMS The integration of spatial data (often proprietary to the GIS software), and tabular data stored in a DBMS is a key functionality afforded by GIS

People: GIS technology is of limited value without the people who manage the system and develop plans for applying it to real world problems GIS users range from technical specialists who design and maintain the system to those who use it to help them perform their everyday work The identification of GIS specialists versus end users is often critical to the proper implementation of GIS technology

Methods: A successful GIS operates according to a well-designed implementation plan and business rules, which are the models and operating practices unique to each organization

d) GIS application

GIS technology has been widely used GIS have the ability to use spatial data and attributes from different sources when performing spatial analysis to answer the user's questions Some specific applications of GIS are often seen in fact

 Management of the street system, including the functions: search for addresses when determining the place for the address or place in advance Roads and diagrams, path control, planning vehicular, place analysis, select the Utilities sector such as, the construction of facilities such as car park, train station planning transportation

 Manage resource monitoring, nature, environment functions including: wind and hydrological management, artificial sources of flooding areas, aquifers agricultural land, natural areas, forests, environmental impact analysis case hazardous waste identified Modeling groundwater pollution and road Analysis of population distribution, linear programming

 Management planning: zoning of land use planning The current trend of environmental conditions, water quality management

 Managed devices: identifying underground pipes underground cable Determine the load of the grid Maintain equipment planning, using power lines

 Analyze population census, mapping services, healthcare, postal and many

be split into active remote sensing (when a signal is first emitted from plane or satellites)

or passive (e.g sunlight) when information is merely recorded

b) Applications of remote sensing data

Conventional radar is mostly associated with aerial traffic control, early warning, and certain large-scale meteorological data Doppler radar is used by local law enforcements’ monitoring of speed limits and in enhanced meteorological collection such

as wind speed and direction within weather systems in addition to precipitation place and intensity Other type of active collection includes plasmas in the ionosphere Interferometry synthetic aperture radar is used to produce precise digital elevation models

of large scale terrain (See RADARSAT, TerraSAR-X, and Magellan)

Laser and radar altimeters on satellites have provided a wide range of data By measuring the bulges of water caused by gravity, they map features on the seafloor to a resolution of a mile or so By measuring the height and wavelength of ocean waves, the altimeters measure wind speeds and direction, and surface ocean currents and directions

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) is well known in examples of weapon ranging, laser illuminated homing of projectiles LIDAR is used to detect and measure the concentration of various chemicals in the atmosphere, while airborne LIDAR can be used to measure heights of objects and features on the ground more accurately than with radar technology Vegetation remote sensing is a principal application of LIDAR

Radiometers and photometers are the most common instrument in use, collecting reflected and emitted radiation in a wide range of frequencies The most common are visible and infrared sensors, followed by microwave, gamma ray and rarely, ultraviolet They may also be used to detect the emission spectra of various chemicals, providing data on chemical concentrations in the atmosphere

Stereographic pairs of aerial photographs have often been used to make topographic maps by imagery and terrain analysts in traffic ability and highway departments for potential routes, in addition to modeling terrestrial habitat features

Simultaneous multi-spectral platforms such as Landsat have been in use since the 70’s These thematic mappers take images in multiple wavelengths of electro-magnetic radiation (multi-spectral) and are usually found on Earth observation satellites, including (for example) the Landsat program or the IKONOS satellite Maps of land cover and land use from thematic mapping can be used to prospect for minerals, detect or monitor land usage, deforestation, and examine the health of indigenous plants and crops, including entire farming regions or forests Landsat images are used by regulatory agencies such as KYDOW to indicate water quality parameters including Secchi depth, chlorophyll a density and total phosphorus content Weather satellites are used in meteorology and climatology

Hyper spectral imaging produces an image where each pixel has full spectral information with imaging narrow spectral bands over a contiguous spectral range Hyper spectral imagers are used in various applications including mineralogy, biology, defense, and environmental measurements

Within the scope of the combat against desertification, remote sensing allows to follow-up and monitor risk areas in the long term, to determine desertification factors, to support decision-makers in defining relevant measures of environmental management, and to assess their impacts

2.3 Practical basis

2.3.1 The research in the world

Interaction between GIS and hydrologic model: A preliminary approach using ArcHydro Framework Data Model by Silvio Jorge C Simões This paper discusses the integration between GIS and hydrological models and presents a case study relating to the upper section of the Paraíba do Sul Basin (Sao Paulo State portion), situated in the Southeast of Brazil The case study presented in this paper has a database suitable for the basin’s dimensions, including digitized topographic maps at a 50,000 scale From an ArcGIS/ArcHydro Framework Data Model, a geometric network was created to produce different raster products This first grid derived from the digital elevation model grid (DEM) is the flow direction map followed by flow accumulation, stream and catchment maps The next steps in this research are to include the different multipurpose reservoirs situated along the Paraíba do Sul River and to incorporate rainfall time series data in ArcHydro to build a hydrologic data model within a GIS environment in order to produce a comprehensive spatial-temporal model [10]

Researching Analysis on Curve Number, Land Use and Land Cover Changes and the Impact to the Peak Flow in the Jobaru River Basin, Japan of Jeffry Swingly Frans Sumarauw This study describes how to estimate the CN due to land use and land cover changes in Jobaru River basin We applied the ArcGIS tool to delineate river basin and sub-basin, and HEC-GeoHMS tool for estimating the CN MIKE 11-RR model is used to simulate the rainfall-runoff The result shows that from 1948 to 2005 the CN of the Jobaru River basin decreased, which indicates that the land capability of reducing

flooding was increased during this period However, in the sub-basin the result is different In mountainous sub-basin, the CN alsodecreased but in plain sub-basin the CN increased This indicates that the land capability of reducing flooding was increased

in mountainous sub-basin but decreased in the plain sub-basin.[5]

Tuul River and Its Catchment Area Delineation from Satellite Image by Ochir Altansukh The purpose of this research is to define basic parametersof Tuul River and its catchment area using satellite images The study has been done by two datasets 1) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) at a horizontal spatial resolu- tion of 90 meters, 2) The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) at a horizontal spatial resolution of 30 meters, using two different modelsof ArcHydro and Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) softwares Main methods of models, that were used in this research are the Deterministic-8, the steep- est slope, the spread, the seek computations and the trace analysis Moreover, input data of the modeling are digital ele- vation model (DEM) and outlet location of the river DEM based ArcHydro model was run on the both datasets, and ILWIS model was run on SRTM data Several intermediate results were produced while the models run, and basic pa- rameters of the Tuul River, its catchment area have been defined at the end of the model [8]

Earth Observation in support of Management of Internationally Shared Groundwater Resources in Africa: the AQUIFER Project by Stefan Saradeth This paper sets out to report key results and experiences obtained during the execution of the AQUIFER project AQUIFER focuses on the development of Earth Observation based products and services and demonstrating their use in support of national authorities and international institutions in transboundary groundwater management Two prominent, internationally shared groundwater resources (aquifers) in Africa, the SASS (North-Western Sahara Aquifer System) and SAI (Iullemeden Aquifer System) have been addressed, and a number of Earth Observation based information products have been developed, demonstrated and validated.[11]

Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Ground Water Mapping in Some Selected Localities in Kebbi State, Nigeria, by B U.Abdullahi Mapping of hydro-geological parameters involves assimilating information from many different sources depending on the prevailing features in a particular environment in this study Geologic map, satellite image, and digital elevation models of the area were utilised Also, various image processing techniques were involved such as image stacking, image nhancement, false colour composite, principal component analysis, extraction of lineaments from the satellite image, overlay of the different, maps and finally, integration of the results to produce the groundwater potential map for the area The result obtained shows that the area has four zones of groundwater potential and that remote sensing can be utilized for hydrogeological purposes and more research can be conducted using geophysical exploration methods [1]

2.3.2 The research in Viet Nam

Applying GIS Technique and SWAT Model to Assessing Water Discharge in the Đắk Bla Watershed by Nguyễn Duy Liêm the objective of this study is to model the hydrology in the Đắk Bla river basin, located at the Central Highland of Vietnam, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in order to understand and determine the different watershed hydrological processes The ArcSWAT interface implemented in the ArcGIS software was used to delineate the basin and its sub-components, combine the data layers and edit the model database The model parameters were analyzed, ranked and adjusted for hydrologic modeling purposes using monthly temporal data series They were calibrated using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) method in SWAT - CUP software from 2000 to 2005 and validated from 2006 to 2011 Based on statistical indicators, the evaluation indicates that SWAT model had a good performance for both

calibration and validation periods in Dak Bla watershed.[6]

Researching geoinformatics application in SaiGon - Dong Nai river basin management - some achivements of Huỳnh Thị Minh Hằng The paper presents some achievements in applying thecombination of the Geoinformatics’ moduls in the integrated

management for Saigon –Dongnai river basin, addressed on the lower part Aiming to the sustainable development for the SG-DN river basin, the paper proposes the necessary of combining the application of Geoinformatics‘ moduls, on the basement of Environmental Geology theory A website of SG-DN river basin and a unified database for the whole river basin are the priority [4]

Assessment of surface water resources in Lam Dong province and recommendations for solutions to management in the direction of sustainable development by Phạm Thế Anh The exploitation process of water resources in general and forest resources for socio-economic development projects in particular in Lam Dong province has made surface water resources increasingly exhausted, degraded, distorted and reduced in usable value The research shows general situation of surface water resources, then suggests solutions to general management of surface water resources in Lam Dong province, Vietnam in general and upper reaches of Dong Nai river in Vietnam

in particular orienting to sustainable developing [9]

Assessment of water discharge and sediment and sediment yield in La Manga sub watershed using SWAT by Nguyen Kim Loi This study was applied SWAT Model and GIS technique to assess water quality, water discharge and sediment yield in La Nga sub-watershed and compare the result of two scenarios The output of SWAT model indicated that land use change and deforestation impacted surface flow and sediment yield in La Nga sub-watershed The year 2007(Scenario 2) less precipitation than at year 2002 (Scenario 1) but the surface flow (914.89) at year 2007 about 1.04 times compare with surface flow (882.72) at year 2002, and also sediment yield at year 2007 about 14.41 ton/ha compare with 11.49 ton/ha at year 2002 This figure is also shown that 15721.43

ha natural forest about 10 percent of studied area in 2002 was converted to rubber in 2007 which is cause surface flow 1.04 times increasing and also sediment yield in Tri An reservoir 1.25 times increasing.[7]

Study on mid - term flood forecast for the CA river basin by Hoang Thanh Tung This research has selected the integrated hybrid modeling scheme between deterministic and stochastic models such as HEC-HMS with ARIMA (p,d,q) and EANN (Evolutional Artificial Neural Network) with ARIMA(p,d,q) models to build a suitable mid-term flood forecast for the CA River The integrated hybrid modeling scheme allows us to take advantages of both traditional and new modern models Application results for the Ca River is very good, thus the integrated hybrid modeling scheme can be extendedly applied to other river basins in Central Provinces.[ 3]

III THE CONTENTS AND RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 The objects and scope of research

3.1.1 The objects of research

The water resources in Cong river basin, Thai Nguyen province

3.1.2 The scope

- The time scope: The time research was conducted from October 16th, 2014 to January 3rd, 2015

- The spatial extent: The research was implemented in 57 communes which belong

to 5 districts of Thai Nguyen Province

3.2 The content

- Assessing generally the natural conditions and social-economic development in research area

- Using GIS to determine the Cong river sub-basin

- Land cover classification using remote sensing technology and GIS

-Mapping the land cover map of the research area

- Assessing the runoff coefficient changes base on the land cover changes

3.3 The methodology

3.3.1 Data collection methods

3.3.1.1.Secondary data collection:

• Spatial data collection: Landsat 8 ITR image and digital elevation model DEM data, collection of maps of the study area: Topographic maps, maps of land use and other maps related study

• Investigate the basic situation of natural economic conditions, social, current of land use and land changes over time in the study area:

+ Socio-economic situation

+ Hydrological climate documentary

+ Documents relating to land, soil, topography, geomorphology

+ Other documents related

3.3.2 Inherited Methods

Inheritance selecting the research that related to water resources management in and outside of Viet Nam The document such as: topography handling methods; determining the runoff coefficient, determining the land cover types by using satellite image; Situation and developing tendency of GIS, RS… were summarized, served for researching

3.3.3 Topographical data processing and identification of sub-basin in Cong river basin

The method is summary in the flow chart below (Figure 3.1) Sub Watershed (sub basin) and drainage systems can define generally with 4 stages and 11 analyses in ArcHydro module At the first stage of the analysis, ‘’DEM reconditioning’’ and ‘’fill sink’’ analysis, which are confirmation and preparation processes for the given analysis, are carried out At the second stage, ‘’Flow direction, Flow Accumulation, Stream Definition’’ and ‘’Stream Segmentation’’ analysis, by which evaluations concerning surface flow are made, are carried out At the third stage, ‘’Catchment Grid Delineation’’ and ‘’Catchment Polygon Processing’’ analysis, by which catchment areas are determined, are carried out At the last stage, “Drainage Line Processing”, “Drainage Point Processing” and “Batch Watershed Delineation”, “Batch SubWatershed Delineation" analysis, by which watershed boundaries are defined by evaluating drainage systems according to surface flow and catchment areas, are carried out

3.3.4 Classification overlay by Remote Sensing Technology and GIS

Data collection

Landsat 5

Landsat 8 Data Processing

Overlay classification

Overlay Land cover change

10.Batch Watershed Delineation 9.Drainage Point Processing 8.Drainage Line Processing

7.Catchment Polygon Processing

Figure 3.1: Determined sub watershed using GIS

Figure 3.2: Classification overlay