The use of brodifacoum and bromadiolone to control rattus population by pt etos indonusa at dr mohammad hoesin hospital palembang indonesia

DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Dwi Utari Student ID

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

Study Mode : Full-Time

Major : Environmental Science and Management

Faculty : Advanced Education Program

Type : On-The-Job Training (OJT)

Thai Nguyen, 07/11/2018

DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management

Student Name Dwi Utari

Student ID DTN1454290102A

Thesis Title The Use of Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone to Control Rattus

Population By PT Etos Indonusa at Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang Indonesia

Supervisor (s) Prof Dr Nguyen The Hung

Dadang Hermansyah S.P Supervisor (s)

Signature

Abstract :

Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang is one of the largest hospitals

in the city of Palembang under the auspices of the Indonesian Ministry of Health Located in the city center of Palembang, The hospital potential affected by pests that disrupt the functional continuity of the hospital One of the most common

pests is Rattus Norvegicus, Rattus Rattus Linaeus, and Mus Musculus which come

from various factors such as hospital sanitation, location of the hospital adjacent to the market, hospital canteen or densely populated residential area In the form of maintaining environmental sanitation and prevent the transmission of disease at Dr.Mohammad Hoesin hospital, the hospital decided to use pest control services from PT Etos Indonusa In terms of rodenticides PT Etos Indonusa use Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone to overcome the rodents and to know the effectiveness of the substances

Keywords PT.Etos Indonusa, Brodifacoum,Bromadiolone, Rattus

Norvegicus, Rattus Rattus Linaeus, Mus Musculus

Number of Pages 48

Date of Submission September 25, 2018

ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In the Name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful all praises be to Allah, king of the king, the Lord of the world, and the master of the day after, who has given us blessing and guidance Because of His graciousness and mercifulness the writer can write well The writer realizes and feels very sure that without His blessing, mercy, and guidance, it would be possible for herself to finish the report

Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen The Hung and Dadang Hermansyah S.P for the continuous

support of my bachelor study and on-job training, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my bachelor study

Besides my advisors, I would like to thank PT Etos Indonusa because it has accepted me as an internship student for 4 months Especially for the goodness of

Mr Leo Agusta and Mr Kalla Thanks also to the only female friend in the office,

Ms Nabila Asri who often lunches together and chat like a friends In addition, thanks to Mr Irwin and Mr Deden who are ready to help when experiencing difficulties Also thank you for the “KuntulaOperator” Eko, Agus, Mirza, Mr.Agung, and all operators who always patiently guide while on the field

My sincere thanks also goes to special person Mr.Fajri Ramdhani who are

always remind me everytime to finish my report

Another big thanks to Dr.Arinafril Naalim who are never ever tired give advices, Thai Nguyen Squad,Vietnamese Friends, and Filipino Friends such as

Nuna, Jombang, Dicky, Nafila, Ilham, Amana, Deasy, Septi, Kadek, Adek Phuong, Chi Thao Kem, Chi Yen, Charm, Alex, Hannah, Nicole, Jeanne, AJ, Luis etc for make my student life in Vietnam more colourfull

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family: Mamak and Abah,

Yuk Eka, Heru,Diana, Kakak and Adek for supporting me spiritually throughout my life

iv

TABLE OF CONTENT

DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT i

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ii

TABLE OF CONTENT iv

LIST OF FIGURES 1

LIST OF TABLE 1

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 3

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 4

1.1 Background 4

1.2 Aims 6

1.3 Objectives 6

1.3.1 For Student 6

1.3.2 For University 6

1.4 Time and Places 7

1.5 Content Of Work 8

1.6 Profile of PT Etos Indonusa Company 9

1.6.1 PT Etos Indonusa History 9

1.6.2 PT ETOS INDONUSA LOGO 10

1.6.3 Business scope 11

1.6.4 Vision and Mission 11

1.6.5 Quality Policy 12

1.6.6 Work Culture 12

1.6.7 Branch and adress 12

1.7 Pest Control in Dr Mohammad Hoesin's Public Hospital 15

1.8 Schedule of Activities 15

CHAPTER II LITTERATURE REVIEW 17

2.1 Vector Identification 17

2.2 Classification 17

2.3 Biology 18

2.4 Morfology 19

CHAPTER III THE USE OF BRODIFACOUM AND BROMADIOLONE AT DR MOHAMMAD HOESIN HOSPITAL 26

3.1.1 Mapping Area 26

3.2 Data collection 27

3.2.1 Primary Data 27

3.2.2 Secondary Data 27

3.3 Methods 28

3.3.1 Data Analysis 28

3.3.2 General Training PT.Etos Indonusa 28

CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISSCUSION 30

4.1 Result and Disscusion 30

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 35

5.1 Conclusions 35

5.2 Recommendations 35

REFERENCES 36

APPENDICES 39

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Office of PT.Etos Indonusa Source : Google Earth 7 Figure 1.2 Dr Mohammad Hoesin's central public hospital Source : Google Earth 8 Figure 1.3 PT Etos Indonusa Logo Source : Etos.co.id 10 Figure 1.4 Mascot of PT Etos Indonusa Source : Etos.co.id 11 Figure 2.1 Several types of rodentia are based on their shape and size Source: Pinterest 19 Figure 3.1 Mapping area for EBS and EBB installation 27 Figure 4.1 Mortality of Rats 30

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1.1 The time table of On-job training 15

Table 2.1 Scientific Classification 18

Table 2.1 Scientific Classification Error! Bookmark not defined Table 2.2 Morfology of Rattus 20

Table 4.1 Mortality of Rat Pest in March 30

Table 4.2 Mortality of Rat Pest in April 32

Table 4.3 Mortality of Rat Pest in May 33

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ASSPHAMI Association of Indonesian Pest Management Companies

DIKLAT Pendidikan dan Pelatihan

ILS International Leptospirosis Society

ISO International Organization for Standardization

KESLING Kesehatan Lingkungan

NPMA National Pest Management Association

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background

The hospital is a health service facility for health recovery or can be a place of transmission of diseases and enable the occurrence of environmental pollution and health problems Transmission of diseases that occur can be caused by many factors including many disturbing pests such as insects or rodents that breed in the hospital environment In overcoming this, the hospital carries out pest control which is assisted by pest control services according to environmental health quality standards that have been determined by the Indonesian Ministry of Health (PP Ministry of

Health No 50/2017) Rat (Rattus) is a rodent that can be detrimental A significant

loss in relation to the health of patients or non-patients in hospitals is that mice can act as vectors of several infectious diseases The disease transmitted by mice is known as zoonosis, a disease that is transmitted by vertebrate animals to humans naturally (Winarno, 1996) Rodensia is not only harmful to health but can also cause major damage to buildings, foodstuffs, and other commodities Besides causing disease, the animal is also detrimental because it often damages plants (eg rice), damages clothing and other items (Chandra, 2007)

Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital was established in 1953 as a community service center in Palembang city and became the main referral hospital in South Sumatra, Indonesia As a hospital located in the heart of the city and adjacent to markets and residential areas, Dr Mohammad Hoesin's hospital has an unfavorable impact related to environmental sanitation, one of the problems faced is the increasing number of rat populations along with the rapid development around

hospital In the form of prevention of an increase in rat population which is thought

to have a negative impact such as environmental damage or the spread of diseases and to fulfill the implementation of Law Number 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals, Government Regulation Number 66 of 2014 concerning Environmental Health and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 374 / Ministry of Health / Per / III /

2010 concerning Vector Control, therefore the hospital Dr Mohammad Hoesin collaborated with PT Etos Indonusa as pest control to assist reduce rat pest population

PT Etos Indonusa is a professional company for 25 years in handling pest problems in various aspects As one pest control company that has a wide network and spread throughout Indonesia, PT Etos Indonusa of having high credibility in the eyes of the public and government can be proven by ISO 9001-2008 certification which is recognized internationally by its quality This is due to the development of quality pesticides that are environmentally friendly and effective in suppressing and control the population of pests in various aspects such as plantations, housing, or other public areas There are many types of pesticides and rat poisons produced by PT Etos Indonusa in handling pests In the case at Dr Mohammad Hoesin, PT Etos Indonusa uses Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone to reduce the number of rat populations Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone which are effective in attacking the digestive system, eyes and skin of mice can cause irritation and damage to the digestion of rats (Swastiko, 1963)

1 To calculate rat mortality caused by Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone

2 To observe the effectiveness of Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone through data on the number of rat mortality

3 To obtain information and knowledge in the use of Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone that are wise and in accordance with the applicable rules

4 To get contributions from students in giving ideas and helping companies in carrying out tasks

1.4 Time and Places

The internship activities were conducted in two places, which is PT.Etos Indonusa, located at Sukorejo street No.2249 RT 29 RW 08 Sukamaju Kec Sako

Palembang city code post 30164 (Figure 1.1) and in Dr Mohammad Hoesin's

central public hospital located at Jenderal Sudirman street KM.3,5, Sekip Jaya,

Kemuning, Palembang city, South Sumatra 30126 (Figure 1.2) from 15 February

2018 to 30 May 2018 in the Pest Control operations position

Figure 1.1 Office of PT.Etos Indonusa

Source : Google Earth

Figure 1.2 Dr Mohammad Hoesin's central public hospital

Source : Google Earth

1.5 Content Of Work

1 EQS (Equipment Supply)

The task of EQS is to input data and reports to the official database of the company, repair equipment when the equipment is problematic and prepare pesticides needed by field operators such as Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone

2 Supervisor Operational

The task of supervisor is ensuring customer satisfaction, controlling operators

in the field, conducting audits every month and controlling procedures for pesticide use

3 Pest Control Operatior

The task of operator is make a mapping on the consumer area, use pesticides according to the procedures applied in the company, follow up the area that has complaints and monitor the area

1.6 Profile of PT Etos Indonusa Company

1.6.1 PT Etos Indonusa History

PT Etos Indonusa is a pest control company that was established in Jakarta

on June 22, 1992 The word ETOS comes from the word "Ethology system" The word Ethology means that is the study of animal behavior, one of which is done in pest control in Etos based on the behavior of animals that will be controlled to achieve maximum results

In accordance with technological advancements, the company carries out an integrated pest control approach based on 5 strategies :

a Professional management,

b Effective communication and educative with customers,

c Using modern equipments,

d Professional and educative employments,

e Using environmental friendly product

Furthermore, to get current information ,company joined as a member of the domestic professional association, ASSPHAMI (Association of Indonesian Pest Management Companies) since 1992, then in 1994 the company joined the NPMA (National Pest Management Association) based in the United States PT Etos Indonusa has obtained ISO 9001-2008 quality management system certification in

June 2013 from International Bureau Veritas Certification This proves that the entire system in the company has fulfilled the requirements required in the ISO 9001: 2008 quality management system, and always evaluates its effectiveness and all personnel involved have fulfilled the competencies needed both knowledge and skills The implementation of the ISO 9001: 2008 quality management system in

the company emphasizes continuous improvement

1.6.2 PT ETOS INDONUSA LOGO

The company establishes a logo that reads "ETOS" which is the company's maidentity or attribute

Figure 1.3 PT Etos Indonusa Logo

Source : Etos.co.id Meaning of logo :

a Long Rectangle meaning : 4 points of compass (west, east, north, south) and 4 Letters of ETOS Rectangles and four letters are made then based on Chinese philosophy number 8 is fortune

b “ETOS” Bold and Arial letters meaning sturdy and resilient

c White colour meaning integrity

d Blue colour meaning : Blue sky ,Comprehensive,sanitary, Environmental friendly, infinity and gained knowledge

e Your Pest Solution motto The purpose of the motto is to strive to be and provide solutions to pest problems in the customer's area

f Mascot of PT Etos Indonusa is a mouse named Moggy

Figure 1.4 Mascot of PT Etos Indonusa

Source : Etos.co.id

1.6.3 Business scope

The scope of business carried out by PT Etos Indonusa is a pest control

service which includes pest control of Rats, insect such as cockroaches, ants, flies or mosquitoes and warehouse pest or seasonal pest control

1.6.4 Vision and Mission

Vision :

Realize a professional pest management company based on science and technology and environmentally friendly

Mission :

1 Consistently provide satisfaction to customers by meeting customer needs and expectations through the best quality service

2 Control each process effectively and efficiently in accordance with SOP /

IK and other requirements

3 Respond to every customer complaint quickly and ensure the effectiveness

of handling it

4 Providing quality resources and service facilities needed for continuity of service

5 Keep learning the development of science and technology related to pest control

6 Implement an ISO 9001 quality management system and make improvements in all aspects

1.6.5 Quality Policy

“We, all levels of management and all employees of PT Indonusa ethos always strive to provide quality service to every customer with good teamwork and maintaining customer satisfaction and trust in order to create customer loyalty.”

1.6.6 Work Culture

Work culture is the attitude and habits that must be develop in the workplace

so that all customer service activities can run optimally to record the targets that have been set

1.6.7 Branch and adress

• PT ETOS INDONUSA-JAKARTA

Daan Mogot Street No.121 11510 Jakarta Indonesia

Phone : (62-21) 560 6688 Fax : (62-21)566 2992

E-Mail : Indonesia@etos-online.com

• PT ETOS INDONUSA – BANDUNG

Pecah Kopi Street No.32 Sukaluyu 40123 Bandung Indonesia

Phone : (62-22) 250 6699 Fax : (62-22) 253 0756

E-mail : Bandung@etos-online.com

• PT ETOS INDONUSA - BOGOR

Arimbi Raya Street No.7 Warung Jambu Bogor Utara Indonesia

Phone : (02-51) 834 9920

E-mail : Bogor@etos-online.com

• PT ETOS INDONUSA – BEKASI

Ruko Tambun City,S.Hasanuddin Street No.263-265, Tambun Selatan Bekasi Indonesia

Phone : (62-21)89510022

E-mail : Bekasi@etos-online.com

• PT.ETOS INDONUSA – CIREBON

Griya Damai Kusuma 2 Blok B No.16 Megu Cilik-Cirebon Indonesia

Phone : (0231) 8309322

• PT ETOS INDONUSA – PALEMBANG

Sukorejo street No.2249 RT 29 RW 08 Sukamaju Kec Sako Palembang Indonesia

Phone : (0711) 5700195

• PT ETOS INDONUSA - JAMBI

Ruko Arsenal Estate No A.17 Jl Pagai, Kelurahan Kebun Handil, Kecamatan Jelutung, Kota Jambi, Jambi 36137 Jambi Indonesia

Phone : 0741 3067363

• PT ETOS INDONUSA - BANTEN

Jalan Palem Merah Blok BN No.4 Sektor I.3 BSD Tangerang Selatan

Indonesia

Phone : (62-21) 538 3124 Fax :

Mail: banten@etos-online.com

• PT ETOS INDONUSA - LAMPUNG

Jalan DI Panjaitan No.28 - Bandar Lampung Indonesia

Phone : (0721) 9033288 Fax: (0721) 267661

Mail: lampung@etos-online.com

• PT ETOS SURYANUSA - SURABAYA

Jalan Muncul Kawasan Industri Benteng Tunggal Kavling E1 Gedangan

Sidoarjo 61254, Surabaya Indonesia

Phone : (62-31) 8540567, Fax :

Mail: surabaya@etos-online.com

• PT ETOS SURYANUSA - SEMARANG

Jalan Dewi Sartika Barat VII A No.99, Sampangan Semarang Indonesia

Phone : (62-24) 70675727 Fax : (62-24) 86457583

Mail: semarang@etos-online.com

• PT ETOS SURYANUSA - BALI

Jalan Pulo Moyo Gang Sandat Sari No.3, Denpasar Bali Indonesia

Phone : (62-361) 3600143,085100600143 Fax : (62-31) 8420602

Mail: bali@etos-online.com

1.7 Pest Control in Dr Mohammad Hoesin's Public Hospital

The activities focuses on the task of controlling rat pests at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang Indonesia This is because the hospital cooperates and uses the services of PT Etos Indonusa and decided to take over and focus on contolling pest in the hospital that will be managed by the student intern from the beginning, however the activity under the supervision of the operation supervisor The apprenticeship program conducted from February 2018 to May 2018 In the morning at 08.00-11.00 a.m we was in the hospital to monitor and spread the rat poison of Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone according to the mapping made by the supervisor During the day at 2:00 p.m - 05:00 p.m we continue to work in another task in the office of PT Etos Indonusa

1.8 Schedule of Activities

Table 1.1 The time table of On-job training

No Activities February March April May

CHAPTER II LITTERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Vector Identification

Rats (Rattus) are rodents that have become serious issues that is troubling the public because it is one of the factors that spread the disease and is identical with a dirty impression In addition, rats often damage property of houses and buildings or living stock such as rice field,wheat fields or vegetable plantation Various actions are often carried out to eradicate these rats, such as glue traps or rodenticides Rat

(Rattus) are animals belonging to the order rodentia, sub-order of Myormorpha, family of Muridae This Muridae is the dominant family of the order rodentia

because it has high reproductive power, eating all kinds of food or omnivorous and easy to adapt to the environment created by humans Rats are mammals belonging

to the Muridae tribe The best known rat species are Mice (Mus musculus), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and Roof rat (Rattus rattus linnaeus) which are found in

almost all countries and important model organisms in biology (ETOS, 2017)

2.2 Classification

Rats and mice include the Muridae family of mammals Zoologists agree to classify it into the Rodentian order ,the suborder Myomorpha, the family Muridae, and the sub family Murinae For more details, mice can be classified as follows:

Table 2.1 Scientific Classification

2.3 Biology

This rodentia is dominant in some regions of the world and the reproductive potential of rats is very high with ability on its teeth to adapt and cut off or bite hard textured objects There is a pair of incisors in the upper and lower jaws and will grow to the right length so that it is a very effective cutting device Several rodents

such as Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat), Rattus rattus diardi (house rat), Mus

musculus (mice) have the characteristics of walking and running with the soles of their feet Internal body of rats identify there are several parasites or endoparasites and ectoparasites which are transmitters or cause many types of diseases Rat endoparasites include worms, viruses, fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and rickettsia that have a place to live in the liver and kidneys of rats Whereas rat ectoparasites include: fleas: Xenopsylla cheopsis, Stivalus cognatus; lice: Polyp / ax spinulose, Hoplopleura pasifica; larvae mites ; mites and ticks (ETOS, 2017)

Figure 2.1 Several types of rodentia are based on their shape and size

Source: Pinterest

2.4 Morfology

The following are the morphological features of R.norvegicus, R.rattus and

Mus musculus:

Table 2.2 Morfology of Rattus

Pointed nose, small body, body length ranging from 16-21

cm

Pointed nose, small body, body length ranging from 6-10

cm

Tail

Shorter than body length and head ranging from 16-21

cm, short and stiff

hair

Longer than body length and head ranging from 19-25

cm, hairless

Equal or longer than body length and head, ranging from 7-11 cm, hairless

Ears

Relatively small, half ears covered in fur, ear length not more than 20-23

Fur

The back part is brownish gray and grayish in the lower part of the abdomen

Gray and black on the back, in the white or gray abdomen

Gray color on the back and grayish white in the abdomen

The data from International Leptospirosis Society (ILS) showed that Indonesia

is declared as the third country of incidence of leptospirosis in the world for mortality with a range of death cases between 2.5% -16.45% or an average of 7.1% Central Java is one provinces that report suspected cases of leptospirosis in Indonesia Since 2010 the number of leptospirosis cases in Central Java has increased recorded in 2010, found 133 cases and CFR 10.9% (14 people) Then in

2011 the number of cases increased to 184 cases with CFR 17.74% (33 people) Up

to the third quarter of 2012, there were 118 cases in Central Java with CFR 16.95% (20 people) In this period, Semarang City was always ranked highest for cases and mortality due to leptospirosis In 2012, cases of leptospirosis in the city of Semarang amounted to 81 cases with a mortality rate (CFR) of 17, 28% (14 people) Gunung pati Subdistrict is one of 16 sub-districts in Semarang City which is the focus area for leptopirosis because in 2012 there were 4 cases with 1 person died with IR 5.36 and CFR 25% Rats is an important reservoir for leptospira bacteria, because> 50% of rat can remove massive leptospira bacteria through urine, without showing symptoms of illness Serovar leptospirosis transmitted by rat is the most dangerous serovar, from all existing reservoirs More than 50 types of rat were identified to contain various leptospira serovars A total of 24 serovars were isolated