Không được dùng that làm chủ ngữ mà phải dùng which, cho dù which có là tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ cũng không được phép bỏ nó đi.. Câu phụ thường đứng chen vào giữa câu chính và bắt buộc ph[r]
Trang 1Câu phức hợp và đại từ quan hệ
Tiếng Anh có 2 loại câu:
- Câu đơn giản: là câu có 1 thành phần và chỉ cần như vậy câu cũng đã đủ nghĩa
- Câu phức hợp: là loại câu có 2 mệnh đề chính/phụ nối với nhau bằng một từ gọi là đại từ quan hệ
1 That và which làm chủ ngữ của mệnh đề phụ
We bought the stereo that had been advertised at a reduced price
(We bought the stereo It had been advertised at a reduced price)
2 That và which làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ
George is going to buy the house (that) we have been thinking of buying
(George is going to buy a house We have been thinking of buying it.)
Người ta dùng that chứ không dùng which khi:
+ Đứng trước nó là một tính từ so sánh bậc nhất + danh từ
That is the best novel that has been written by this author
+ Trước nó là các đại từ phiếm chỉ all, some, any, anything, everything, much, little, nothing v.v
I want to see all that he possesses
+ Trước nó là hỗn hợp từ gồm cả người và đồ vật/ súc vật (mixed antecedent):
The soldiers and horses that died here should be buried carefully
3 Who làm chủ ngữ của mệnh đề phụ
The man who is in this room is angry
4 Who & Whom làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ
The men (who/ whom) I don't like are angry
(Who/ Whom có thể bỏ đi được Hiện nay từ Whom hầu như không được sử dụng ở vị trí
này)
+ Nếu ngữ động từ bao gồm Verb + Prep thì lối viết chuẩn nhất là: prep + whom + S + V
The man to whom you have just talked is the chairman of the company
5 Mệnh đề phụ bắt buộc và không bắt buộc
5.1 Mệnh đề phụ bắt buộc
Là loại mệnh đề bắt buộc phải có mặt ở trong câu, nếu bỏ đi câu sẽ mất ý nghĩa ban đầu Weeds that float to the surface should be removed before they decay
5.2 Mệnh đề phụ không bắt buộc
Là loại mệnh đề mang thông tin phụ trong câu, nếu bỏ nó đi câu không mất nghĩa ban đầu Không được dùng that làm chủ ngữ mà phải dùng which, cho dù which có là tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ cũng không được phép bỏ nó đi Câu phụ thường đứng chen vào giữa câu chính và bắt buộc phải tách khỏi câu chính bằng dấu phẩy
My car, which is very large, uses too much gasoline
The man is teaching Dung and Nam, who are from Binh Duong
Thông thường khi ta gặp danh từ riêng, danh từ có sở hữu cách xác định … loại mệnh đề không bắt buộc thường được sử dụng
6 All, Both, Some, Several, Most, Few + Of + Whom/ Which
Her sons, both of whom are working abroad, call her every week
(không được nói both of them)
7 Whose có thể thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc động vật, chỉ sự sở hữu đối với danh từ đi sau
James, whose father is the president of the company, has received a promotion
Trang 2Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1 Gloves are things _ you wear on your hands
(whose / who / which / whom)
2 A butcher is someone _ sells meat
(who / whom / which / whose)
3 I’m in love with Chris, _ is a wonderful person
(who / that / whom / which)
4 The bus _ we got are very old
(on that / on which / which on / whose on)
5 I like cars _ dependable in the winter
(that are / which is / who are / whose are)
6 I know a man _ three horses
(who owns / which owns / he owns / that owning)
7 Documentary films are the films _ I find most interesting
(who / that / whose / what)
8 It’s this computer program _ my father created
(that / whom / who / what)
9 Mine is the one _ has a green luggage bag
(what / whom / who / that)
10 The CD _ Victor bought is on the table
(whose / that / who / whom)
11 “ _ films are you talking about?” “Gone with the wind.”
(That / Which / Who / Whose)
12 The book _ we discussed was a best-seller
(which / who / whom / whose)
13 How about the shirt _ you wore Saturday night?
(which / whom / who / whose)
14 The person _ wallet is missing should report to the office
(which / whose / who / that)
15 The explosion _ injured twenty people happened at about 11 pm (which / who / what / whom)
16 The man _ son was ill called the doctor
(who / whose / which / that)
17 My brother, _ I look like, lives in Dallas
(which / whom / who / what)
18 She is very shy, _ surprises me a lot
(which / what / who / whom)
19 York, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city
(which / whom / who / that)
20 Susan is the woman _ husband is in hospital
(her / whose / hers the / whose the)
21 What’s the name of the man _ gave us a lift?
(he / whom / who / which)
22 My mother, _ is seventy-seven, likes sweets
(whom / who / that / which)
23 This is the thing _ you need
(that / who / whose / whom)
24 He is the man _ I told you about
Trang 3(which / whom / who / whose)
25 Nobita, _ apartment I stayed in, is also a student
(which / whose / who / that)
Combine the sentences using relative clauses.
1 Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller Samuel Johnson was born in 1709
2 In 1728, he went to Oxford He studied at Pembroke College in Oxford
3 Johnson had to leave Oxford without a degree He was too poor to pay the fees
4 In 1737, Johnson moved to London There he wrote poetry, essays and biographies
5 In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary It took him nine years to complete
6 His home at that time was in 17 Gough Square in London It is a museum now
7 In this house, his wife died in 1752 Her name was Elizabeth Porter
8 In 1755, the work was published It was called A Dictionary of the English Language
9 Samuel Johnson died in 1784 He is buried in Westminster Abbey
10 Uncle Ho is the greatest president He led a very simple life
11 The girl chatted with him yesterday She arrived here at 6:30
12 The man is talking to my father.He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen
_
13 The architect designed these flats He has moved to HCM City
14 The young man lives in the corner He rides an expensive motorbike
15 I’m reading the book I bought it in 1996
16 I will introduce the man to you He is sharing the flat with me
17 The young man is talking to our teacher He is Ba’s brother
18 We visited the monument It was built a hundred years ago
19 The boys are interested in football It is a popular game all over the world
Trang 4
20 The boy gave his parents big hugs He went abroad to study
21 Dr Oley is our family’s dentist He is a popular dentist in the city
22 They drank a lot of Coke It is diet Coke
23 The river is the Sai Gon River It flows through Ho Chi Minh City
24 The lecturer is my uncle He gave an interesting talk on TV last night
25 Mr Phong hasn’t come yet He is supposed to be at the meeting
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Câu hỏi đuôi (tag questions)
Trong câu hỏi đuôi, người đặt câu hỏi đưa ra một mệnh đề (mệnh đề chính) nhưng không hoàn toàn chắc chắn về tính đúng / sai của mệnh đề đó, do vậy họ dùng câu hỏi dạng này để kiểm chứng
về mệnh đề đưa ra
Câu hỏi đuôi chia làm hai thành phần tách biệt nhau bởi dấu phẩy theo quy tắc sau:
Sử dụng trợ động từ giống như ở mệnh đề chính để làm phần đuôi câu hỏi Nếu không có trợ động từ thì dùng do, does, did để thay thế
Nếu mệnh đề chính ở thể khẳng định thì phần đuôi ở thể phủ định và ngược lại
Thời của động từ ở đuôi phải theo thời của động từ ở mệnh đề chính
Chủ ngữ ở phần đuôi luôn phải để ở dạng đại từ làm chủ ngữ (subjective pronouns)
Phần đuôi nếu ở dạng phủ định thì thường được rút gọn (n’t)
hi bạn thi TOEFL , kỳ thi kiểm tra tiếng Anh Mỹ, bạn phải chú ý để khỏi bị mất điểm
You have two children, haven’t you? (British English: OK, TOEFL: NOT)
You have two children, don't you? (Correct in American English)
There is, there are và it is là các chủ ngữ giả nên phần đuôi được phép dùng lại there hoặc it giống như trường hợp đại từ làm chủ ngữ
MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST
1 He shouldn’t put so much salt in it, _?
(shouldn’t he / would he / should he / wouldn’t he)
2 You _ anything tonight, are you?
(do / aren’t doing / are doing / isn’t doing)
3 You don’t know French, _?
(does you / don’t you / do you / didn’t you)
Trang 54 Tom doesn’t have to go to lecture, _?
(does Tom / did he / doesn’t Tom / does he)
5 The children _ surprised, were they?
(weren’t / was / haven’t been / hasn’t been)
6 Bill puts money in the bank, _?
(didn’t he / did he / doesn’t he / does he)
7 Maria is studying laws, _?
(isn’t Maria / is Maria / isn’t she / wasn’t she)
8 Help me, _?
(will you / won’t you / do you / don’t you)
9 He’d better stay, ?
(hadn’t he – wouldn’t he – didn’t he – doesn’t he)
10 Everyone stopped, ?
(didn’t he – didn’t she – didn’t it – didn’t they)
PUT IN THE RIGHT QUESTION TAGS
Example: Peter works in the shop, _ ?
Answer: Peter works in the shop, doesn't he?
1) She is collecting stickers, ?
2) We often watch TV in the afternoon, ?
3) You have cleaned your bike, ?
4) John and Max don't like Maths, ?
5) Peter played handball yesterday, ?
6) They are going home from school, ?
7) Mary didn't do her homework last Monday, ? 8) He could have bought a new car, ?
9) Kevin will come tonight, ?
10) I'm clever, ?
Trang 6EXPRESSING CONCESSION
(DIỄN TẢ SỰ THƯỢNG BỘ) 1- ALTHOUGH - THOUGH - EVEN THOUGH + CLAUSE.
- Eg: She is young She is very successful.
==> Although she is young, she is very successful
BIG MISTAKE: Although she is young but she is successful.
A B C
2- IN SPITE OF - DESPITE + NOUN PHRASE / V-ing PHRASE.
- Eg: She cannot swim She enjoys going to Vung Tau.
==> Despite her inability to swim, she enjoys going to Vung Tau
NOTE 1: V-ing is used when the two subjects are the same.
- Eg: She came soon She didn't see anyone.
==> Despite coming soon, she didn't see anyone
NOTE 2: Despite the fact that = Although
- Eg: Despite the fact that she came soon, she didn't see anyone.
PRACTICE: Rewrite the sentences.
1- The man was kept in jail although he was innocent
in spite of
2- Mary went to work though she was ill
in spite of
3- Amish people refuse to drive cars even though they are very convenient
in spite of
4- Larry read his paper even though he was nervous
in spite of
5- I like living in the dorm even though it is noisy
in spite of
6- They wanted to climb the mountain even though it was dangerous
in spite of
7- He went to school although he was sick
In spite of
8- Mr Watkins is surprisingly active although he is old in spite of
9- The plane took off although it was foggy
in spite of
10- Though he has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test
in spite of
11- They live happily in spite of their poverty
Although
12- In spite of his age Mr Benson runs seven miles before breakfast
Although 13- In spite of his laziness that fellow always does good work
Although
14- In spite of Marcy’s sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile
Although
Trang 715- They worked very hard in spite of their old age.
Although
16- He agreed to play tennis in spite of his tiredness
Although
17- In spite of the heat in the afternoon, we decided not to go for a swim
Although
18- We took many pictures though the sky was cloudy
In spite of
19- Although the weather was hot, they went jogging in the park
In spite of
20- We got there in time although the traffic was heavy
In spite of
21- All the trains were on time even though the snow was heavy
In spite of
22- A lot of people buy those houses even though the prices are high
In spite of
23- They went out for a walk although the weather was bad
In spite of
24- She managed to write even though her hand was injured
In spite of
25- Although his leg was broken he managed to get out of the car
In spite of
Trang 8SỞ GIÁO DỤC & ĐÀO TẠO
THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
****
KỲ THI TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10 – Năm học 2011-2012 Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH – Khóa ngày 21/06/2011
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút (Không kể thời gian giao đề)
(Đề thi này gồm 4 trang)
Họ và tên thí sinh: _
Trường: _
Số báo danh: _
Chữ ký giám thị 1 Chữ ký giám thị 2 Số thứ tự bài
Mật mã bài thi
I Choose the word / phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the space in each sentence (2.5 pts)
1 - “May I go out for just a while?”
- “ ”
A It’s nice of you! B That’s great! C Go ahead! D.Yes, you could!
2 Tidal waves are the result of an abrupt shift in the underwater _ of the earth
A movement B moment C pollution D celebration
3 Thousands of lives were saved the scientists had warned them about the tsunami.
A although B however C because D therefore
4 Jane often drinks coffee in the evening, _?
A doesn’t Jane B does not she C does she D doesn’t she
5 I suggest that you buy a present for her on her birthday.
A may B can C should D will
6 He wants to know we will have the seminar at the Town Hall.
A what B when C that D where
7 - “Rita, I’d like a friend of mine, Lucie.”
- “Pleased to meet you, Lucie!”
A to meet you B introduce you to C you see D you to meet
8 The match takes place Saturday afternoon this week.
A of B on C after D to
9 She is the girl eyes are beautiful.
A her B whom C whose D those
10 - “Why don’t we go to the cinema now?”
- “ _”
A Will you join us? B Yes, let’s! C I’d like it D What play is it?
II Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting (0.5 pt)
11 The best defense against tsunamis are early warning that allows people to seek higher ground
A B C D
12 Lyn asked Dan that she would come to the meeting the following day
A B C D
ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC
Trang 9III Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage (1.5 pts)
One good reason for people to learn a foreign language is work If your work involves regular contact with (13) _ of foreign languages, being able to talk to them in their own languages will help you to communicate with them It may also help you to make sales and to negotiate and secure contracts Knowledge of foreign languages may also increase your chances of (14) a new job, getting a promotion or a transfer overseas, or of going on foreign business (15)
Many English-speaking business people don't bother to learn other languages because they believe (16) most of the people they do business with in foreign countries can speak English, and if they don't speak English, interpreters can help The (17) of foreign language knowledge puts the English speakers at a disadvantage In meetings, for example, the people on the other side can discuss things among themselves in their own language without the English speakers understanding, and using interpreters slows everything down In any socialising after the meetings, the locals will probably (18) more comfortable using their own language rather than English
IV Read the passage, then decide if the statements that follow it are True or False (1.0 pt)
My name is Phat, an exchange student Here I am in America My host family lives in Tucson, Arizona I’m attending high school, seeing the country and studying lots of different subjects As you know, I love athletics, so I’m doing some serious running, as the school sports facilities here are excellent I’m also learning how to play baseball and American football.
I’m finding the high school environment very relaxed and quite different from school back home: no uniform, not many rules, and you can even eat and drink in class We start school at 8 am and finish at 3 pm,
so we have lots of time for sports and other activities We take eight subjects in the semester and have one lesson in each subject every day I can choose seven of the subjects myself – the only compulsory one is American history
19 Phat is now staying in Arizona on a student exchange program
20 Phat has been playing baseball for a long time and is very good at it
21 Students in his school wear nice uniforms
22 American history is an optional subject at his school
V Use the correct form of the word given in each sentence (1.5 pt)
23 Their time spent in the countryside provided the for their novels (inspire)
24 The newspaper is published You can get it every day (day)
25 I never receive any to my email from her (respond)
26 Many walked around the tourist attraction to take photos (sight)
27 What were the reasons for the worldwide _ crisis? (economy)
Trang 1028 We should make the most efforts to stop _ (forest)