Sti bflng tinh cua tinh than dan toe da lam nen mot cao trao dau tranh yeu nflde, d i n tdi sii ra ddi cua nhieu quo'c gia doc lap nifa dau the ki XX, khi ma cac sii kien cita cudc d[r]
Trang 1^
^
NHUNG VAN DE DAT RA DOI VOI BIEN SOAN UCH SU PHONG TRAO
• • GIAI PHONG DAN TOC 6 DONG NAM A
• THOI CAN - HIEN OAI
• • •
DO THANH BINH*
Lich sii Ddng Nam A ndi chung va - Hai la, viel ljch sit ndi chung va lich lich sif phong trao giai phdng dan sif da'u tranh giai phdng dan tdc ndi rieng
tdc ciia khu vUc nay ndi rieng da dUde cac dfldi gdc do khu vfle hgc, nhfl cud'n "Lich nha nghien cflu Ddng Nam A trong va sd Ddng Nam A" cua D.G.E Hall, "Ddng ngoai nflde viet kha nhieu dfldi nhflng gdc Nam A trong lich sd the gidi" cua X.N
do khac nhau; hoac dfldi dang mgt cud'n Rostopxki va E.O Berzm, "Lich sd Ddng thdng sif, hoac la dfldi dang mdt cdng trinh Nam A" cua GS Lfldng Ninh (cb),v.v
chuyen khao hay mgt bai nghien cflu, Qo^g ^ a m A la khu vfle dja If neng v.v Nhflng tUu chung, cac cong trinh ay biet, cac nUdc trong khu vilc cd nhflng net dfldc tie'p can bdi hai each khac nhau; ^^^^g ddng ve dia If, ljch sit, van boa, kinh
- Mdt la, viet lich sif ndi chung va lich te Tinh da dang ciia moi nflde nhflng lai sif da'u tranh giai phdng dan tgc ndi rieng, trong mgt the tho'ng nhal Tfl nifa sau the cua tflng nflde Ddng Nam A rieng biet, ki XX trd di, trong xu the hgi nhap ciia the nhfl cud'n "Inddnexia - nhflng chang dudng gidi, cac nflde trong khu vfle da tflng bfldc
lich sif" cua PGS Ngd Van Doanh, "Ddt hgi tu vdi nhau trong mdt td chflc rieng
-nUdc Ldo • Lich sd vd vdn hod" ciia GS ASEAN Ben canh nhflng bd lich sif rieng
Lfldng Ninh (cb), "Lich sd Campuchia" cua tflng qud'c gia va nhflng cud'n lich sii cua PGS Pham Dfle Thanh, "A short his- chung ctia khu vfle da dfldc khai pha thi
tory of Indonesia: The Unlikely nation" viet mgt bd sif tdm cd cita Dong Nam A,
ciia Colin Brown, "Lich sd Mien Dien" ctia dfldi gdc do khu vilc hgc la dieu can thiet, Mddaycd va Ugiano'p,v.v, Xem x6t cuoc da'u tranh chdng thflc dan
* GS.TS Do Thanh Binh, Khoa Lich sit, Trfl6ng D^i hgc Sfl pham Hh Ngi
Trang 234 Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 5/2009
gianh ddc lap cua cac nUdc trong khu vfle
trong mdi lien he tfldng ddng, gdn ket la
dieu nen lam,
Lich sit phong trao giai phdng dan tdc
cua nhan dan Ddng Nam A la mdt trong
nhflng ndi dung Idn va cd ban trong toan
bg lich sif Ddng Nam A ndi chung, De cd
the gdp phan bien soan cd cha't lUcing ndi
dung nay, chung tdi xin gdi y va tfl va'n
mot vai diem sau
- Danh gia nhflng cdng trinh trfldc dd
da thanh cdng d mflc do nao khi viet ve
phong trao giai phdng dan tdc d Ddng
Nam A trong thdi can - hien dai
- Van de ngudn sii lieu sti dting
- Van de noi dung va phan ki cuoc dau
tranh giai phdng dan toe, v.v
1 Muc t i e u viet m o t c u d n t h o n g sut
ve D o n g N a m A Ian n a y la viet t h e o
each t i e p c a n t h i i h a i : lich suf Dong
N a m A, tijfc la lich sdt k h u vfle, chut
k h o n g p h a i la lich sut c a c niidc Dong
Nam A Do dd ta't ca cac va'n de dUdc de
cap trong ngi dung cung phai dflcic the
hien dfldi gdc do khu vtic hgc, trong dd lich
sif ve phong trao da'u tranh giai phdng
dan tdc cung phai tuan thu theo each tie'p
can ay
Theo each tiep can nay, hien nay 6
trong va ngoai nflde da cd nhflng cud'n
thdng sii dflcic viet nhfl the, ma tieu bieu
la cac cud'n;
2
O ngodi nddc:
• Lich sdDdng Nam A ctia D.G.E Hall
• Dong Nam A trong lich sd thegidi ctia
tap the tac gia Lien Xd
- Lich sd Dong Nam A cita tap the tac
gia ngfldi Nga
O trong nddc la cud'n: Lich sd Dong Nam A do GS Lfldng Ninh chii bien
Ve cud'n "Lich sd Dong Nam A" cua
D.G.E.Hall, giao sfl danh dti cua bo mdn lich sif Ddng Nam A, trfldng Dai hoc Luan Don, dflcic xua't ban nam 1981, day 1293 trang Day la cud'n lich sif khu vfle be the, mgt cong trinh nghiem tuc va cd gia tri
Ve cudc da'u tranh giai phdng dan toe cl Ddng Nam A dfldc Hall de cap trong phan thfl tfl cua cud'n sach Dd la sii quat khdi cua cac dan toe Dong Nam A trong cuoc
da'u tranh gianh dgc lap nita dau the ki
XX Sti bflng tinh cua tinh than dan toe da lam nen mot cao trao dau tranh yeu nflde,
d i n tdi sii ra ddi cua nhieu quo'c gia doc lap nifa dau the ki XX, khi ma cac sii kien cita cudc da'u tranh giai phdng dan tgc cdn dang tie'p dien vdi sti phflc tap cua cuoc khang chie'n cl Inddnexia va cl Ddng Dfldng, cudc da'u tranh ddi chit quyen thtic sti d nhieu qud'c gia trong khu vtic Hdn nfla, each tie'p can cdn dflng cl quan diem thtic dan
Cud'n sach "Dong Nam A trong lich sd
the gidi" cua tap the tac gia Lien Xd:
X.N.Roxtopxki, E.O Becdin, V.Ph.Vaxiliep, A.R.Viatkin v^ G.I.Levinxdn thuoc Vien nghien cflu Phfldng Dong, xua't ban nfim 1977, tai
Matxcdva, dky 350 trang Cud'n sach chia
l^m 4 phiin, phfin giai doan theo quan diem luc b&'y gid ctia cac tac gia, trong d6
Trang 3Do Thanh Binh - Nhdng van de ddt ra ddi vdi bien sogn lich sd 35
phan III va phan IV cd de cap den cudc
da'u tranh giai phdng dan tgc ciia khu vilc
Ddng Nam A Day la mdt cud'n sach viet
ve khu vfle kha tdi ca ve each tiep can va
ngi dung Tuy nhien, cud'n sach cd 3 diem
chflng tdi ban khoan;
- Ve phan ki cudc dau tranh giai phdng
dan tgc d Ddng Nam A lai diia vao sfl phat
trien cua each mang Nga thi chfla thuyet
phtic va chUa dung vdi nhflng gi dien ra d
Ddng Nam A Vf du nhU, cac tac gia viel
ve cudc da'u tranh cua nhan dan Ddng
Nam A chdng thiic dan da la'y mdc Cach
mang 1905 - 1907 va Cach mang thang
Mfldi (1917) cua Nga Ngi dung nay dfldc
trinh bay trdng muc; "Cdc nUdc Ddng
Nam A trong thdi ki chdu A thdc tinh
(1907 - 1917)"; Tie'p dd cac tac gia lai de
cap cudc da'u tranh giai phdng dan tgc cua
nhan dan Ddng Nam A tfl nam 1917 den
nam 1945
- Cudn sach dflng lai vao nam 1945, tflc
la dflcic viet ve Ddng Nam A trong thdi ki
Chie'n tranh the gidi thfl hai va cudc da'u
tranh chdng Ach chiem ddng ctia Nhat
Ban (1939 - 1945) NhU vay, cac tac gia
mdi de cap den sti bat ddu cua cudc dau
tranh sdi ndi, quyet liet cua cac dan tgc d
Ddng Nam A Bdi vi, sau Chie'n tranh the
gidi thfl hai, nhan dan Ddng Nam A mdi
bat ddu tran chie'n cuoi cflng vdi chu nghia
thflc dan de gianh dgc lap that sti Giai
doan "quyet liet" ctia cudc da'u tranh a'y d
Ddng Nam A lai khdng cd trong cud'n sach
- Do day cud'n sach khiem td'n, do dd,
cung khdng thfi' hi$n chi tigl, ki cang vi
cudc da'u tranh ciia cac dan tdc Ddng Nam A; hay ndi each khac, nd mdi chi la nhflng net cha'm pha dau tien ciia qua trinh lich sil da'u tranh ddi ddc lap cua nhan dan Dong Nam A
Cud'n sach thfl ba ma chflng tdi de cap
de'n d day la "Lich sd Dong Nam A" cua
tap the cac tac gia Nga: D.V.Mdxiacd'p va V.A.Chiurin do Dai hgc phfldng Ddng xua't ban nam 2004 Day la cud'n sach viet cap nhat ve cac ndi dung, trong dd cd de cap de'n cudc da'u tranh chong thflc dan ciia nhan dan Ddng Nam A trong cac chfldng III, IV va V each phan ki so vdi trfldc day
la khac, khdng la'y nam 1917 lam chuan
de phan ki cho lich sif da'u tranh ciia Dong Nam A nfla, ma la'y moc ket thflc Chien tranh the gidi thfl nha't va mdc chie'n tranh Dong Dfldng phan ki cho lich sit Ddng Nam A Cach phan ki nay, chflng tdi cflng khdng dam khang dinh la chuan, tham chf cdn nhieu van de can trao doi, tuy nhien day cflng la each tiep can mdi, sat vdi nhflng dien bien cua cudc da'u tranh giai phdng dan tdc d khu vfle Cac tac gia cflng da danh nhieu trang de trinh bay cudc dau tranh giai phdng dan tdc d khu vtic Tuy the, do khuon khd va do day cua cud'n sach, cho nen ndi dung cuoc dau tranh giai phdng dan tgc cita cac dan tgc cl Ddng Nam A cung khdng dflcic trinh bay thoa dang
Tren day la ba cdng trinh tieu bieu ve lich sif khu vfle, trong dd cd ndi dung viet
ve cudc da'u tranh giai phdng dan tgc cl Ddng Nam A Nhflng cong trinh a'y c6
nhflng thanh cong va ca nhflng dieu mk ta
Trang 436 Nghien cim Dong Nam A 5/2009
mong ddi Tuy nhien, dd la nhflng cdng
trinh cita ngfldi nflde ngoai Dieu ma
chflng ta suy nghi nhieu va mong ddi la
mdt bd lich sii Ddng Nam A ddy du, ben
the, do ngfldi Viet Nam viet Cudc da'u
tranh giai phdng dan tgc d khu vfle da
hoan thanh tfl lau (neu lay mdc nam
1975) Cdn cd mdt sU nhin nhan, danh gia
mdt each toan dien, ki Ifldng ve cudc dau
tranh nay Do ddi hdi cua viec hgc tap,
nghien cflu va tim hieu ve khu vfle ciia cac
tang ldp tfl hgc gia den sinh vien, hgc
sinh, gan day da cd mdt vai cdng trinh
khiem td'n ciia cac tac gia Viet Nam dfldc
cdng bd' nhfl cud'n "LUdc sd Ddng Nam A"
do GS Phan Nggc Lien chu bien Tuy
nhien, cud'n sach mang tinh phd bien, qua
mdng, khdng du chfla dflng nhflng dieu
can thdng bao Be the nha't la cud'n "lich
sd Ddng Nam A" ciia ba tac gia; Lfldng
Ninh (cb), Dd Thanh Binh, Tran Thi Vinh
Day la cud'n lich sii Ddng Nam A dflcic viet
kha day du, chi tiet lich sit khu vfle vdi
gan 700 trang sach khd ldn Ve phong trao
da'u tranh giai phdng dan tdc ciia khu vfle
dfldc cac tac gia danh met lfldng kien thflc
khdng nhd so vdi ti le ciia cud'n sach Ngi
dung euge da'u tranh giai phdng dan tgc
dflcic trinh bay trong ca hai phan (phan
hai va phdn ba) d cac chfldng IX, X va XI
Cud'n sach khdng chi trinh bay kha toan
dien ve cudc da'u tranh gianh dgc lap d
khu vtic ma con trinh bay cudc da'u tranh
tti ve trfldc dd cung vdi each phan ki cudc
da'u tranh theo mdt each tie'p can mdi
Tuy nhien, do khudn khd va so' trang
dfldc qui dinh, cac tac gia khdng cd cd hgi
de -viet ki hdn, nhieu hdn ve cac ngi dung, trong dd cd ngi dung ve cudc da'u tranh giai phdng dan tgc d khu vfle Nhflng viec lam dflcic cua cac tac gia, theo chflng tdi,
la nhflng gdi y tdi de chflng ta phat trien,
bd sung trong mdt cdng trinh be the hdn
2 Ngudn sif lieu ve phong trao giai phdng dan toe d Ddng Nam A kha phong phu bang t i e n g Viet, tieng Anh, tieng Nga, v.v
- Nhflng cdng trinh ve lich sif khu vUc
da cdng bd' nhfl: "lich sd Ddng Nam A" cua
D.G.E.Hall - cung cap mdt ngudn set lieu
tdt, phong phfl, chi tiet, tin cay; "Ddng
Nam A trong lich sd the gidi" va "lich sd Ddng Nam A" ctia cac tac gia Lien Xd va
Nga (ban tie'ng Nga); "lich sd Ddng Nam
A" (History of South - East Asia) ciia
Joginder Singh Jessy (Kedah Malaysia,
1985), "lich sd hien dgi Ddng Nam A" (A
Modern History of Southeast Asia -Decolonization, Nationalism and Separation) cua Clive LChristie,
Singarpore, 1996; "lich sd Ddng Nam A
hien dgi" (A History of Modern Southeast
Asia) cua John Bastin Harry, London,
1968, V.V
Day la nhflng cong trinh cung ca'p nhflng tfl lieu tdt khi viet ve phong trao giai phdng dan tdc ndi rieng, lich sti Dong Nam A ndi chung ma ta cd the tham khao
- Loai thfl hai la lich sti cac nflde Ddng Nam A hoac lich sii cudc da'u tranh ddi dgc
lap ctia tflng nflde Ddng Nam A, Loai nky
phong phu, d^y du, ca nhflng cdng trinh trong nflde (bang tifi'ng Vi§t) ca nhiing
Trang 5Do Thanh Binh - Nhdng vdn de ddi ra ddi vdi bien sogn lich sd 37
cdng t r i n h b d n g tie'ng Anh, tie'ng Nga
hoac ngdn ngfl cac nflde sd tai Uu diem
cua ngudn tfl lieu nay khi viet ve cudc da'u
t r a n h gianh ddc lap d a n tdc ndi rieng va
lich sii ctia qud'c gia ndi c h u n g dfldc viet ti
mi, chi tiet, cung cap ngudn sif lieu phong
phfl, da dang C h a n g b a n nhfl cac cud'n:
"Uch sd Philippin" cua lU.O.Leptdndpva,
Matxcdva, 1979; "Lich sd Mien Dien" cua
I.V.Mddaycd va A.N.Udiandp, Matxcdva,
1973; "Phong trdo ddu tranh gidi phdng
ddn tdc d Inddnexia (1942 - 1945)",
Matxcdva, 1970; "Lich sd Malaixia" ciia
V.A Chiurin, Matxcdva, 1980.v.v dfldc
viet b a n g tie'ng Nga
0 Viet N a m , lich sif tflng qud'c gia
Ddng Nam A cflng da dfldc nhieu tac gia
the hien qua cac cdng t r i n h nghien cflu
ciia minh, nhfl cac cdng t r i n h ciia Nguyen
The Anh (Lich sif cac qud'c gia Dong Nam
A, Lifa thieng, Sai Gdn, 1972), Lfldng
Ninh (Nflde Lao - Ljch sif va van boa, Nxb
Chfnh trj qud'c gia, Ha Ndi, 1996), P h a m
Dfle T h a n h (Lich sif Campuchia, Nxb
Van hoa Thdng tin H a Ndi, 1995), Ngd
Van Doanh (Inddnexia - nhflng chang
dfldng lich sif, Nxb Chinh tri qud'c gia Ha
Ndi, 1995), H u y n h Van Tdng (Lich sif cac
qud'c gia Ddng N a m A, 2 tap, Nxb T P Hd
Chf Minh, 1994), Vu Dfldng Ninh (Lich sif
Vfldng qudc Thai Lan, Nxb Giao due Ha
Ndi, 1994).v.v
Cd the ndi, day la nhflng tai lieu qui,
gdi y nhieu van de cflng nhfl cung cap
nhflng sti lieu cd gia tri khi viet ve cudc
dau t r a n h giai phdng dan tdc d khu vUc
- Loai thfl ba la cac bai bao nghien cflu
ve phong trao giai phdng dan tgc d Ddng Nam A dang trong cac t a p chf; Nghien cflu lich sif, Nghien cflu Ddng N a m A, hoac cac chuyen de chuyen s a u khi b a n ve van
de nay Vf du nhfl cac cud'n chuyen khao;
"Mdy van de liqh sd chdu A vd Hch sd Viet Nam - mdt cdch nhin" ciia Nguyen Van
Hdng, Nxb Van boa dan tgc Ha Ndi, 2001;
"Su thdnh lap vd phdt trien ciia Ddng Cdng sdn Nam DUdng" ciia D.N.Ai Dfch,
Nxb Sfl t h a t Ha Ngi, 1958 hay cud'n
"Problems of the Indonesia Revolution",
DEMOS, 1963; "Cdc con dUdng cdu nUdc
trong ddu tranh gidi phdng ddn tgc d mdt
sd nddc chdu A" ciia Dd T h a n h Binh (cb),
Nxb Dai hgc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi, 1999; "lich
sd phong trdo gidi phdng ddn tgc the'ki XX
- mdt cdch tie'p can" cua Do T h a n h Binh,
Nxb Dai hgc Sfl p h a m , 2006
- Loai thfl tfl la cac van ban Hiep dinh, Hiep fldc, T u y e n bd, Thoa udc, Hien chfldng, cac bao cao long ket, danh gia lien q u a n de'n cuoc da'u t r a n h ddi ddc lap dan tgc ciia cac nflde Dong Nam A Chang
b a n nhfl Hiep fldc N a n i n g n a m 1801; Hiep dinh Johore, 1819; Hiep dinh Anh - Ha Lan (Hiep dinh Ha Lan, 1824); Hiep dinh Yandabo (1826); Hiep dinh Anh - Xiem (1826); Hiep dinh P e r a k (1825); Hiep dinh
S a r a w a k (A - 1842); Hiep dinh Sarawak (B - 1846); Hiep dinh Brunei ve L a b u a n 1846; Hiep dinh Brunei (1847); Hiep dinh Anh - Mien Dien (1867); Hiep dinh Sungei Ujong (1874); Hiep dinh Pulo Paukor (hay Perak C, 1874), Hien chfldng Bdc Borneo cita Anh n a m 1881; Hiep fldc Phap - Mien
Trang 638 Nghien cim Dong Nam A 5/2009
bd sung n a m 1995; Hiep fldc bf m a t gifla
Xiem va Anh n a m 1897; Thoa fldc bien
gidi (1889); T u y e n b d K e l a n t a n va
T r e n g g a n u (1902).v.v
Cac bao cao; - Hoat dgng each m a n g ciia
Viet kieu d Thai Lan, trong dd cd ndi d u n g
Viet kieu "hfldng ve each m a n g Ddng
Dfldng gdp p h a n vdi n h a n dan Lao gianh
lai nen dgc lap nudc Lao (1938 - 1946)
- Bao cao tdng ket thdi ki 1930 - 1946
ve each m a n g Lao, tai lieu lflu trfl Vien
Lich sif q u a n sfl, v.v
3 Van de dat r a doi vdi viec p h a n ki va
ngi d u n g phong t r a o da'u t r a n h giai phdng
dan tdc d Ddng N a m A Lau nay, do each
tiep can khac, q u a n diem k h a c n h a u nen
each p h a n ki cung k h o n g giong n h a u Day
la mdt van de d a n g dat ra trfldc cac n h a
nghien cflu Chflng ta can phai b a n bac,
thao l u a n dfla t r e n nhflng cd sd li l u a n va
thtic tien dien ra d Ddng N a m A de cd each
tiep can thd'ng n h a l va di tdi chan li
Chflng tdi xin t r i n h bay y kien cua minh
de gdp p h a n vao cudc t h a o l u a n nay; Ve
phddng phdp ludn, khi b a n ve p h a n ki,
chflng ta cdn cd q u a n diem cdi md, viec
p h a n chia cac mdc lich sif ndi chung, lich
sif phong trao giai phdng d a n tgc ndi n e n g
chi m a n g tfnh tfldng ddi Bdi vi, lich sit la
ddng chay lien tuc, khdng dflt doan, do dd,
ta khong the t u y e t ddi hda, neu tuyet del
boa se khdng the nao p h a n ki dflcic Hdn
nfla, khi p h a n ki can dfla vao ngi d u n g
ljch sif va dac trflng lich sii cua giai doan
ay de p h a n chia mdc
Ve thiic tien, can cfl vao lich sif phong
t r a o da'u t r a n h chdng thflc d a n cua cac
d a n tdc Ddng N a m A cflng nhfl ndi dung ciia cudc da'u t r a n h n a y de cd each p h a n ki cho sat hcip Dfla vao phfldng p h a p l u a n va can cfl vae thtic tien cudc da'u t r a n h ehd'ng thtic d a n d Ddng N a m A, c h u n g tdi dfla ra
q u a n diem p h a n ki ciia m i n h nhfl sau:
- Thcfi ki td the ki XVI de'n nhdng ndm
cudi the ki XIX - ddu tranh chdng xdm lUdc, bdo ue dgc lap ddn tdc D a y cflng la
giai doan cac nflde thflc d a n c h a u Au tflng bfldc den x a m Ifldc cac nflde Ddng N a m A
va dd vay, xen ke vdi q u a t r i n h xam Ifldc
ay cua thflc d a n la q u a t r i n h cac n h a nflde phong kien cflng vdi n h a n d a n dflng len chdng x a m Ifldc de bao ve chu quyen quo'c gia va ddc lap cua da't nflde Chflng toi nghi r a n g can p h a i t r i n h bay van de nay mdt each he thd'ng
- Thdi ki thfl hai la ddu tranh gidi
phdng ddn tdc td nhdng ndm cudi the ki XIX de'n ndm 1975 Day la thdi ki cac nflde
Ddng N a m A tien h a n h cudc d a u t r a n h giai phdng s a u k h i bi cac nflde thtic dan thdn t i n h h o a n toan T r o n g thdi ki nay, do tfnh chat va bfldc p h a t t r i e n cua cudc dau
t r a n h , do dd cd t h e chia phong t r a o giai phdng d a n tdc r a t h a n h cac giai doan khac
n h a u Chflng tdi xin thii n e u r a cac giai doan sau:
+ Giai dogn nhdng ndm cudi the'ki XIX
de'n ndm 1920 Day la giai doan ddu tien
trong cudc da'u t r a n h g i a n h ddc lap ciia
n h a n d a n Ddng N a m A, cflng la giai doan chuyen ddi cudc da'u t r a n h ehd'ng thtic dan, vi the ma t i n h cha't ciia phong trao
Trang 7DS Thanh Binh - Nhdng vd'n de dca ra dc'n vdi bien sogn lich sd 39
cung m a n g tfnh qua do; phong trao m a n g
y thflc he phong kien - phong trao theo xu
hfldng tfl s a n - phong t r a o tfl san
-t- Giai dogn td ndm 1920 de'n ndm
1945 d giai doan nay, phong trao giai
phdng dan tgc chuyen s a n g mdt na'c t h a n g
p h a t trien mdi va cd nhflng dac diem mdi
Dd la sfl p h a t trien song song gifla hai loai
phong trao; do giai cap vd san l a n h dao va
do giai cap tfl san dflng ddu Day cflng la
giai doan "ban le" cho toan bg qua trinh
da'u t r a n h gianh dgc lap, n h a l la cho giai
doan tfl sau n a m 1945 trd di Bdi vi, giai
ddan nay vfla tich luy lflc lfldng, c h u a n hi
cd sd va tao dieu kien cho viec gianh t h a n g
ldi d nhflng giai ddan tie'p thee; vfla la sfl
tim kiem, Itia chgn con dfldng giai phdng
dan tgc Chinh viec Ifla chgn dd quyet
dinh ca con dfldng di len trong xa hgi hien
dai cua moi qud'c gia trong k h u vilc sau
khi gianh dfldc ddc lap d a n tdc Neu nhfl
trong nhflng n a m cudi the ki XIX va hai
thap nien ddu the ki XX, nhflng n h a lanh
dao cita cac d a n tdc Ddng N a m A cdn chfla
tim ra dfldc con dfldng di dflng ddn, phfl
hgp vdi dan tgc de di tdi ddc lap, thi den
day, hg da tim cho m i n h mdt hfldng di,
mgt giai p h a p phfl hdp vdi dac diem, dieu
kien cua dan tdc m i n h de dat dfldc muc
tieu: d a n h dd chu nghia thflc dan, gianh
dgc lap chinh tri
Trong giai dogn 1920 - 1945, do dac
diem ciia cudc da'u t r a n h va ke thfl khac
nhau, nen cd the lai chia t h a n h hai giai
doan nhd hdn; giai dogn 1920 - 1940 - da'u
t r a n h chdng thflc d a n phfldng Tay, giai
phdng dan tgc va giai dogn 1940 1945
-ket hdp da'u t r a n h giai phong dan tgc vdi da'u t r a n h chdng p h a t xit
+ Giai dogn td ndm 1945 de'n ndm
1975: ddu tranh gidnh, cung cd vd bdo ve ddc lap ddn tdc
0 giai doan nay khdng cd mo'c chung cho ca k h u vUc n h u nhflng giai doan trUdc,
ma cd nhflng con dfldng khac n h a u de di tdi dgc lap dan tdc Neu n h u cd moc chung thi chi dflng vdi nhdm nflde Ddng Dfldng Tuy nhien, day la giai doan hoan t h a n h cudc da'u t r a n h giai phdng dan tgc Trfl nhdm nflde Ddng Dfldng, B r u n a y va Ddng Timo, cac nflde Ddng Nam A cdn lai deu gianh dflcic dgc lap vao nifa sau nhflng
n a m 40 hoac nifa sau nhflng nam 50 cua the kl XX Sfl p h a t trien cua phong trao giai phdng dan tdc d Ddng Nam A da lam sup dd hoan toan he thd'ng thudc dia cua chu nghia thflc dan d khu vilc nay Cac con dfldng khac n h a u di den dgc lap dan tdc cho tha'y sfl da dang cua cac quo'c gia Ddng Nam A trong cd ca'u giai cap xa hgi,
xu hfldng p h a t trien ngi tai va tac dgng ciia cac cfldng qud'c ben ngoai doi vdi tflng nflde trong k h u vfle
Tren day la nhflng van de ve ndi dung, each p h a n ki, va'n de tfl lieu dat ra khi viel
ve phdn phong trao giai phdng dan tgc trong khudn khd cua bg thdng sif ldn cua khu vfle ma nhdm nghien cflu dang ki vgng Hy vgng chflng ta se cd mdt quan diem va each tie'p can thdng n h a l de gdp
p h a n hoan t h a n h bd thdng sif nay./