Summary of dissertation for economics association of training and labor use in nghe an province

To achieve this result, part of the reason was the linkage between vocational training institutions and enterprises in the province in training and using labor.. In addition, the local h

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

TRAN THI THANH TAM

ASSOCIATION OF TRAINING AND LABOR USE

IN NGHE AN PROVINCE

PHÁT TRIỂN HỢP TÁC XÃ VẬN TÀI THỦY-BỒNG BẰNG

SÔNG CỬU LON

Mayor: Economic

Major code: 9.31.01.01

SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION FOR ECONOMICS

HA NOI – 2020

This work is completely at:

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Date: / /

1 The necessity of the research

With the instant development of science and technology, in the context of globalization and the fierce emulation nowadays, the training association and the widespread use of the workforce are becoming more and more indispensable This connection is the base

of potential development and the strengths of both sides, for the purpose of creating valuable products with great efforts in response

to the demand of the consumers In the labor market, unless the educated workforce satisfies these main elements: numbers, quality, specific majors and demand of production; the consequence would

be old-fashioned technique and models, declined economic growth and restricted social enhancement Besides, there will be a higher rate of unemployment, causing waste of communal workforce and many complex monetary issues if the enterprise and the workers do not enter the training process on directing the reasonable production

as well as the usage of the labor resources The balance between the supply and demand can only be established when the need of workers is pleased and trained to be employed Which means: When the workforce is limited, the school should seize the opportunity on potentials and strengths of the company to take part in the training process for labor; moreover, the enterprise needs to exploit the advantages of the school to attract, recruit and use the employees effectively.

Vietnam has always been a nation thrived from agriculture, currently on the progress of industrialization as well as modernization, the trained labor force has an important role to the progression of the country For several years, facing the developmental demand of the nation under the pressure of economic policies, our education system including universities, colleges and vocational schools, has witnessed remarkably outstanding renovation, especially the instantaneous expansion of the scale and the diversity of education types On the other hand, many serious problems have arisen, including the quality of the trained workforce and the ability to adapt to the working environment of labor

resources As a result, the emergent demand currently made is to ensure the competitiveness of the workforce, create the balance between the scale and the quality, between supply and demand In those first days of developing the education system, our nation had made policies on associating the education campus with each other

to utilise the opportunity of exploiting as well as effectively employing the potential workers to enhance the quality of the system In contrast, the deployment of the connection between schools and enterprises is getting really slow, unrealistic, asynchronous and ineffective.

Nghe An province is located in the north central of Vietnam With the population among the top four largest ones in Vietnam, Nghe An has a high potential workforce with diversity which makes

it advantageous for this place to effectuate the targets of globalization and modernization of the nation as well as enhancing the social economy in the locality Especially now in Nghe An there are several vocational education institutions which are providing training in large scale and diverse industry employments From 2014

to 2019, each year Nghe An performed vocational training for more than 75,000 employees, including college, high school, and secondary systems of about 14,000 people The number of laborers mainly worked in local industrial zones and economic zones with average income from 5-9 million VND/month Laborers who have completed primary and vocational training have also found jobs, changing jobs and labor export that achieved high results, contributing to the change of the economy of the province To achieve this result, part of the reason was the linkage between vocational training institutions and enterprises in the province in training and using labor.

However, training and employer association activities and usage of the workforce between school and business have been started, but it's still pictorial According to survey data of the Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs in Nghe An province in 2019, the main form of association receiving and guiding enterprises interns accounted for 65.45%, while enterprises

that sent workers to study at training institutions 17.4%; But only 24.8% of those enterprises have linked with vocational training institutions to train workers Thereby, the effects of the linkage between schools and enterprises were not high, not entirely linked, and also "seasonal" Therefore, one of the most important reasons was the lack of durable and effective linkage between training institutions and enterprises in vocational education This led to the low quality of human resources in the province, low labor productivity, an imbalance in supply and demand for training in terms of size and structure, and caused great waste to the society and economy Specifically, in 2019, the province still had 77.4% of the workforce with no technical expertise and no qualifications; the percentage of employees with university degrees or higher but working as a technical professional at intermediate level accounted for below 22.45% (source: Nghe An Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs) Therefore, the supply-demand gap in human resources tended to expand with the paradox of " insufficient and redundant" at all levels, especially vocational training In addition, the local human resources do not meet the requirements of businesses in the area, but must recruit other local employees.

Facing this fact, this problem requires well-understood research on the status of joint training and employment in the province of Nghe An, which contributes to proposing solutions on the purpose of strengthening the cooperation between the two sides Although there have been many researches discussed about this problem around this nation as well as Nghe An So far, however, there are very few systematic, updated and comprehensive studies

on training association and employment of vocational training institutions and enterprises in Nghe An.

Therefore, the thesis "Link training and employers in Nghe An province" is very crucial, which has scientific and real significance

to meet the training requirements and use of human resources for socio-economic development in Nghe An in a new stage of development.

2 The research objectives of the topic

The topic has the following main objectives:

- Clarify the rationale for the link between training and use of employers; content, form and level of the linkage; roles and interests

of the subjects when joining that linking process; Influencing factors and hitting criterias.

- Examine experiences of some countries and some local areas

on the link between training and use of employers, in order to draw lessons for Nghe An province.

- Evaluate the current status of linkage between training and use of labor in Nghe An province recently, and also achievements, limitations in relation link between training and human resources, while clearly analyzing the causes leading to such limitations.

- On the basis of researching the new development context, viewpoints and goals to strengthen the link between training and labor resources in Vietnam in general and Nghe An in particular in the near future, proposing solutions and recommendations to strengthen the link between training and human resources Nghe An till 2025.

3 Object and scope of the research topic

Vocational Training Institutions which are schools (excluding

vocational centers and universities) have graduates work at enterprises in the province - as training parties and enterprises (excluding agencies, organizations or cooperatives, household economy) in Nghe An province that employ trained labor at

provincial vocational training institutions - with status of using Labor Although the movement of trained labor is currently not confined within a province, intra-provincial movements of labor as

well as the proportion of trained labor at the vocational training

institutions and those works for businesses of the province still

account for the majority Thus, this research scope still analyzes the

problems posed and performs research tasks to achieve set goals.

There are several models for the linkage between training and

employers (cooperation model between school and enterprise,

corporate school model belonged to enterprise, business model in school, cooperation model between enterprises, ), the thesis focuses on research on the current popular model of the association between a school (independent entity) and an enterprise (another independent entity) - the two sides actively and voluntarily associate for benefits according to the objective law of the market economy.

4.1 Data collection method

The thesis uses secondary and primary data sources to support the research process:

- Secondary data: Documents collected from the Settlement

Department employment of the Department of Labor - Invalids and Social Affairs of Nghe An, Department of Statistics Millet Nghe An,

Nghe An Department of Planning and Investment, information

sources published in books, magazines, on websites, statistics of the

General Statistics Office, domestic and foreign documents,

especially research works, secondary documents, comparing research problems among selected research subjects.

- Primary data: through group discussion to collect

information to design questionnaires to directly interview the investigated people From June to September 2019, the author

conducted an investigation and conducted in-depth interviews with representatives of enterprises and vocational training institutions on

joint training activities and using trained labor Survey method is

used for evaluating linkages in aspects that are difficult to measure and difficult to quantify such as numerical indicators.

4.2 Data processing method

To process the collected data, the thesis uses these following methods:

- Descriptive statistical method: including data collection and arranging the data according to the timeline, calculating the basic statistical indicators such as growth rate, ratio relationship to consider and evaluate the trends and fluctuation of the data.

- Analysis and synthesis method: This method is used in all the

research sections of the thesis helps to clarify the subject research

As a result, the synthesis can help evaluating the training activities and use of employers in Nghe An

- Method of comparison: During the research, the thesis

quantifies the analyzed contents according to specific criteria, in order to compare with the evaluation criteria to draw conclusions.

- Expertise method: consult experts who are professional

policy makers, scientists, leaders of Vocational Education institutions, business managers in asserting the nature of the research problem to optimize the selection of research problems like theoretical basis, proposed research model and research hypotheses, building scales.

- Questionnaire investigation: purpose is to survey, assess the results as well as the status of the link between training and employers in Nghe An.

- Quantitative analysis method: First, the author uses factor

discovery analysis by using SPSS 22 software to explore the

structure of research concepts in each factor (barrier, motivation, forms) from experimental data The research concept structure

discovered from factor analysis continues to be assessed for reliability by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and the total variable

correlation coefficient Afterwards, the author proposes a specific

research model based on experimental data from the results of factor

discovery analysis In order to evaluate the relationship between

factors in the research model, the author proposed to use correlation

analysis and regression analysis to evaluate causal relationships and test hypotheses, to evaluate the difference along with phases using Paired test used and to compare the difference between the vocational training facilities with analysis of variance (ANOVA).

5 The contributions of the topic

This is a systematic study involving the link between Training and using employees in Nghe An, the thesis has made new contributions in terms of theory and practice such as:

- The thesis has systemized the theoretical issues about the association between training and employers both within the country

and abroad, clarifying the implicit meaning between training and

employers, analyzing the factors that affect the training linkage and employers, and also analyse the criteria for evaluating the linkage between training and employers The thesis has summarized lessons from countries and localities in the country to draw experiences on the link between training and employers in Nghe An.

- The thesis has built a model of factors affecting the link between training and employers in the locality.

- Evaluate the current status of linkage between training and employers in Nghe An, building scales of motivation and linkage barriers, thereby assessing the status of association and pointing out the advantages and limits, specify the reasons for such limitations.

- The thesis has given views on the link between training and employers in localities in general and Nghe An province in particular, in order to propose solutions and recommendations to strengthen linkages in training and employers in Nghe An province.

6 The structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of research works, appendices, dissertation content are presented in 4 chapters:

Chapter 1: Overview of research

Chapter 2: Scientific basis of training association and employers

Chapter 3: The status of joint training and employers in Nghe An

Chapter 4: Solutions to strengthen linkages in training and employers in Nghe An

Chapter I THE OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH TOP 1.1 Studies related to the connotation of training links and employers

Methaya S Monaiyapong (2004); German Federal Ministry

of Education and Training (2003); Tazeen Fasih (2008); Lin and Gui Juan (2011); Markus and Simon (2015); Dang Hoang Vy

(2016); Nguyen Van Anh (2009); Nguyen Van Tuan (2013);

Luong Cong Ly (2014); Doan Nhu Hung (2018); Pham Xuan Thu (2009); Mac Van Tien (2013); Gunnar Specht and Clemens

Aipperpach (2009); Cao Van Sam (2011); General Department of Vocational Training (2012);

1.2 Studies related to the association model and the factors affecting training and employment association

Davey, T., Baaken, T., Muros, V.G., & Meerman, A (2011); Nguyen Thi Thu Hang (2015); Le Anh Viet (2016); Mayombe and Celestin (2017); Pham Hong Trang (2017); Dinh Van Toan (2016); Nguyen Minh Hien, Nguyen Hoang Lan (2014); Luu Thanh Tam (2015); Nguyen Dinh Luan (2015).

1.3 Studies related to management and promotion of joint training and employers

Asian Development Bank (2004, 2014); Nguyen Tuyet Lan (2015); Nguyen Thi Hang (2013); Nguyen Huu Dung (2002);

Nguyen Ba Ngoc (2013), Trịnh Thu Nga (2016).

However, up to now, there has not been any scientific research on the issue of linked training and employment of

vocational education institutions and enterprises at the local level with characteristics of population, geography, cultural

representative areas in Nghe An province, so the study of these issues has profound practical significance

Chapter II SCIENTIFIC BASIS ABOUT TRAINING ASSOCIATION AND

USE OF LABORS 2.1 Some basic concepts

2.1.1 Training and employment

Vocational training is considered as a training level from elementary, intermediate, college, and other forms of the education system to provide learners in a systematic way, knowledge and skills, career attitude and ability to adapt to the working environment, to meet the needs of human resources in production and business.

Labor use is the use of human resources as an input factor in the production of goods and services In business, the employer completes the assigned tasks, performs executive arrangement, assessment and payment

of labor wages and other activities according to their production and business needs in order to create the order in labor resources to increase productivity, quality and efficiency.

2.1.2 Associate training and employers

The link between training and employers is considered as: an official

or unofficial voluntary relationship or interaction between the school and business in activities that benefit both sides (supply - demand in the labor market), at the same time, contribute to achieving the socio-economic development goals of the locality and the country.

2.2 Some theories and models linking training and employers

- Human capital theory

- Model Triple Helix of the relationship between school, business and

government

- Labor market theory and the school of institutional economics

- Model of assessment of factors affecting association of training and

employment

2.3 Content of linking training and employers

2.3.1 Content and form of training association and employers

a Training activities

- Link innovation of teaching methods, practice and internship

- Link innovation of testing and evaluation methods

- Associate career counseling for students

b Use of trained employment

Most of the forms of enrollment among schools and businesses are:

 School trains students according to orders from enterprises

 The school trains trainees sent by businesses

 The university cooperates with enterprises to carry out the enrollment campaign, creating potential human resources, ready to fill out the lack in the development strategy of the business

c Research technology transfer

Based on a combined process based on funding activities or transferring facilities and technology from business to school during the business cooperation process.

d Information exchange

Based on activities related to introduction, exchange of information, and communication of scientific information such as publishing or participating in science and technology nurseries; implementing memorandum of understanding or partnership contract; assigning responsibilities and evaluating linked activities.

2.3.2 Degree of association training and employers

 Discrete Links (Level 1)

 Limited Links (Level 2)

 Comprehensive Links (Level 3)

2.3.3 The role of key factors in linking training and employers

- Training institution: training campuses that provide education and training services for people wishing to participate (students graduating from middle and high schools, untrained workers, workers want to improve their skills or change their jobs) on the basis of making training programs according to prescribed criteria and standards.

- Enterprises: play an important role in contributing comments and

making training programs derived from the need of labor in the near future; receiving interns and graduates; coordinating with the school in assessing the career skills of teachers and students.

- State agencies: laws and policies on training and employment, and effective support programs for the cooperation between vocational education institutions and enterprises in training and employing trained