Caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi naøy duøng ñeå dieãn taû moät söï kieän khoù coù theå xaûy ra trong hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai.. (Duø ñoäng töø mang hình thöùc quaù khöù; nhöng dieãn taû ñieàu k[r]
Trang 1ĐỀ CƯƠNG ƠN TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10 – NĂM HỌC 2012- 2013
PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT NGỮ PHÁP
VERB TENSES: THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ.
1 Thì hiện tại đơn: S + Vs,es / Vo + O.
* Cách dùng :
a Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại hàng ngày, một thói quen:
Ex: He usually goes to the cinema on Sundays
Cách dùng này thường kết hợp với các trạng từ chỉ thường xuyên như:
Every day / week / month , always, often, usually, seldom = rarely, never, sometimes = every other day (ngày cách ngày), occasionally = every now and then = from time to time, once a day / a week / a month, twice a day / a week / a month.
b Chân lý hoặc sự kiện đúng một cách hiển nhiên:
The earth goes round the sun
2 Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: S + AM/ IS/ ARE + VING + O
* Cách dùng:
a Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại hoặc đang thực sự diễn ra lúc nói
Ex: What are you doing now? – I am studying English
Father is cutting grass in the garden at present
Cách dùng này thường được kết hợp với các từ dấu hiệu như: now, right now, at present, at the moment… Các động từ gây chú ý như : Look ! Watch ! Listen ! Be careful! Be quiet ! …
b Diễn tả một hành động có tính chất tạm thời, không thường xuyên
Ex: John often gets up at seven o’clock, but this month he is on holiday and so he is getting up later.
We usually start work at 8 o’clock, but for this week only we are starting at 8:30
d Diễn tả một hoạch định tương lai.(thường đi với các động từ chỉ sự di động như: go, come, arrive …)
Ex: We are going to Hanoi next week
* CÁCH THÊM “ING” VÀO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ:
Cách 1 love - loving , take – taking, write – writing, hate – hating Nhưng : free – freeing
Cách 2: stop – stopping, run – running
Nhưng trừ các từ sau đây ta không gấp đôi :X,H,Y,W
Ex: fix – fixing, play – playing
* greet – greeting, work – working
* begín – begínning, prefér – preférring Nhưng: súffer – súffering, lísten – lístening
* travel – traveling , travelling , signal – signaling , signalling
Cách 3: die – dying , tie – tying, lie – lying
Những động từ sau đây phải thêm một ‘k ’trước khi thêm ING
traffic – trafficking, panic – panicking, mimic – mimicking
3 Thì quá khứ đơn: S + WAS/ WERE + ….
S + VED/ V2 + O
Cách dùng:
a Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và chấm dứt ở quá khứ có thời gian xác định
Ex: I met her yesterday We learned Japanese last month
Cách dùng này thường đi với một số từ dấu hiệu như : ago, last, yesterday, in the past, năm hoặc sự kiện xãy ra trong quá khứ…
b Hành động xảy ra suốt một quảng thời gian trong quá khứ:
They lived with us for a year several years ago
During the spring vacation, the students went on a camping trip
c Hành động theo thói quen trong quá khứ:
Ex: While her husband was in the army, she wrote to him twice a week
Did he come to see you often? – Yes, he came every week
When I was a boy, I used to go swimming in this river
d Diễn tả một loạt hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau trong quá khứ :
Ex: She drove into the car-park, got out of the car, closed all the windows, locked the doors, and walked towards the cinema (Cách dùng này thường được dùng khi thuật lại các câu chuyện xảy ra trong quá khứ)
Trang 2* CÁCH THÊM “ED” VÀO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ:
Cách 1 Thêm –d vào sau các động từ tận cùng bằng e hoặc ee:
Ex: live – lived , agree – agreed
Cách 2 Những động từ 1 vần, tận cùng bằng 1 phụ âm, trước phụ âm là 1 nguyên âm (trừ h, w, x, y), chúng ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm –ed
Ex: fit – fitted, stop – stopped
Nhưng: stay – stayed, play – played
study – studied, try – tried
heat – heated
4 Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + WAS / WERE + V-ING + O
Cách dùng:
a Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một điểm thời gian xác định trong quá khứ:
EX: At 5 o’clock yesterday, he was playing tennis
b Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra và kéo dài (hành động dài) thì có một hành động khác đồng thời xảy ra (có thể là hđ dài hoặc hđ ngắn) HĐ dài chia ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, HĐ ngắn chia ở thì quá khứ đơn
Ex: When John arrived, it was raining heavily
While he was studying his lessons, I was watching TV
5 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành: S + HAS / HAVE + VED/ V3 + O.
Cách dùng:
a Diễn tả hành động xãy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định rỏ thời gian :
Ex: They have already visited London
I have lost my key
b Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và vẫn còn kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ex: Up to the present, we have done every exercise in this book
We have lived in this city for ten years
She has loved him since she was a little girl
c Hành động vừa mới xảy ra
Ex: I have just received a letter from my parents
Các từ sau đây thường kết hợp với thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
already, just, ever, recently = lately(vừa mới đây), never, before, It’s the first / second time, since, for, so far, until now = up
to now = up to present, since when, how long, serveral times, yet? , not … yet , in the last / past few years, for ages, for a long time.
6 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn: S + HAS / HAVE BEEN + V-ING + O
Cách dùng:
a Diễn tả một hành động diễn ra bắt đầu trong quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại một cách liên tục
He has been living here for six weeks
She has been sitting in that chair all afternoon
Khác với thì hiện tại hoàn thành ở chổ là thì HTHT nhấn mạnh đến kết quả của hành động còn thì HTHTTD nhấn mạnh yếu tố liên tục của hành động cho đến hiện tại
7 Thì quá khứ hoàn thành: S + HAD + VED/ V3 + O
Cách dùng:
a Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và đã hoàn tất trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ, hoặc trước một hành động khác cũng đã kết thúc trong quá khứ
Ex: Before 2 o’clock yesterday we had had lunch
We had come back home before midnight
We had had lunch before she arrived
We went out for a walk after we had had dinner
8 Thì tương lai đơn: S + WILL/ SHALL + V0 …
Cách dùng:
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai, hoặc một hành động sẽ diễn ra và kéo dài trong một quãng thời gian ở tương lai
Ex: Will he be here on time?
I shall telephone you tomorrow
Các từ dấu hiệu: next week/ year / month , tomorrow, in future = in the future, in 5 minutes, một số động từ chỉ tương lai: think, hope, promise, believe, sure …
Trang 3Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :
Example: He (visit) visits _his parents very often.
He doesn’t visit his parents very often Does he visit his parents very often?
1 He (go) _to School everyday.
2 She (come) _ from Germany
3 Daisy usually (go) _ to work by car.
4 We (watch) TV every night.
5 He (walk) to work every day.
6 He (be) in Ca Mau
7 They (be) students
8 She (wash) _her clothes every Sunday.
9 She (study) _English every day.
10 He (want) _ to become a teacher
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the present simple tense:
1 She usually (walk) _ to school
2 What time Mary usually (get) up every morning?
3 She (not wash) her clothes every weekend
4 _they (be) teachers?
5 It (not be) often cold in summer
6 Tom usually (walk) _ to school
7 He (be) _ a student
8 I (be) _ sixteen years old
9 They (be) very friendly
10 He often (wash) the car at weekends
11 What time you often (get) up every morning?
12 she (like) English?
13 Every week she (go) to visit her parents
14 What time your father usually (get) _ up?
15 We (not go) to school on Sundays
16 We (not be) _very lazy
17 The Earth (go) _around the Sun
18 I (visit) _my parents very often
19 _he (go) _to school every day?
20 _she (come) _from Japanese?
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :
Example: She (read) is reading _at the moment.
She isn’t reading at the moment
Is she reading at the moment?
1 He (watch) TV right now.
2 At present they (sit) _ in the class.
3 This year we (learn) _ English.
4 Look! Peter (play) football in the schoolyard.
5 Be quiet! The baby (sleep) _.
6 Look! The man (smoke) there.
7 She (write) _ to her parents now.
8 My father (work) _in the garden at the moment.
9 John (listen) _ to the radio now.
10 He (play) _chess at the moment.
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the present continuous tense:
Trang 41 The workers (work) in the firm at the moment.
2 Please be quite! You (make) _ _so much noise so I can’t concentrate
3 Tony (have) _ _a bath at the moment
4 Listen! He (read) _a story by Shakespeare
5 At present Richard (study) _in London
6 This term I (study) _philosophy and economics
7 Janet (have) _a shower at the moment
8 They (not/study) _at present
9 Yukiko (have) _a bath now
10 We (make) _a cake at the moment
11 Jane (watch) _television at the moment
12 Look! The boy (cry)
13 Alice and Mary (put) _ the dishes away right now
14 The farmer (work) _ in the field now
15 Look! It (snow) _
16 Phong (sleep) _ right now
17 Mother (cook) some food in the kitchen at present
18 Just a minute! I (look up) that word in the dictionary
19 _you (write) a letter now?
20 They (not read) books in the sitting room right now
21 Look! They (play) _ football
22 She (sweep) _ the floor now
23 What she (do) now?
24 She (wash) the clothes at the moment
25 Listen! Peter and Daisy (sing) now
26 My brother (not watch) _TV now He (wash) his car
27 He (study) _ English this month
28 you (work) in the garden now?
29 Peter (talk) to Susan now
30 She (listen) _to the radio in her bedroom at the moment
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :
Example: He (watch) watched a good programme on TV last night.
He didn’t watch a good programme on TV last night
Did he watch a good programme last night?
1 Mary (go) _ shopping for me yesterday.
2 The policeman (drive) away ten minutes ago.
3 The biscuit factory (close) last year.
4 The headmaster (come) _ to the school in 1985.
5 You (spend) a lot of money last month.
6 I last (go) to Spain in 1990.
7 The boy (finish) _their homework yesterday.
8 Rolf (buy) _ the leather jacket last week.
9 I (have) a little trouble with my car last week.
10 She (wash) her clothes last night.
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the past simple tense:
1 They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago
2 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning
3 We (visit) _ that city last year
4 Peter and Daisy (be) born in 1978
5 you (spend) _ your holiday in Dalat last summer?
6 She (clean) _the bicycle yesterday
7 They (start) school in 1998
Trang 58 My friend and I (go) to the seaside last week.
9 We (spend) _ hours on the beach last Sunday
10 He (be) in Ha Noi last year
11 His father (die) _ in 1930
12 Lincoln (work) in this factory three years ago
13 I (do) _my homework last night
14 Miss White (write) to her father last Monday
15 My parents (buy) _the car last year
16 Hoa (read) _the book yesterday
17 He (listen) _to the radio last night
18 We (watch) _ a good programme on TV last night
19 Mary (go) _shopping for me yesterday
20 I (be) _ in Ha Noi last month
21 My parents (go) _to HCM city last week
22 Yesterday we (have) _a meeting at our school
23 Mary (meet) _her parents two week ago
24 She (be) _born in 1992
25 What you (do) _last night
26 Last summer I (study) _English in Can Tho City
27 She (not visit) _her son last week
28 In 1997 there (be) _a terrible storm
29 They (build) _the house twenty years ago
30 John (do not) _come to my birthday party last Sunday
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :
Example: At this time yesterday they (play) were playing _ football.
At this time yesterday they were not playing football.
At this time yesterday were they playing football?
1 At this time yesterday we (play) tennis in the schoolyard.
2 At 7:00 pm yesterday (watch) TV.
3 Yesterday while my father (watch) _ TV, my mother (read) the newspaper, my
sister (do) _her homework and I (play) chess with my friend
4 What were you doing when I phoned you? I (have) a bath.
5 She (do) her homework at the time yesterday.
6 Marry (water) the flowers at 3:00 p.m yesterday.
7 They (visit) the zoo at ten o’clock yesterday.
8 Peter and I (do) _the exercise at this time last night.
9 Last night my father (feed) the pigeons at 7:00.
10 At this time last year we (learn) _English in London.
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the past simple tense or the past continuous:
_dinner
_ at this house this morning
(sleep)
_an accident
(stand) at the bus stop
Trang 67 The children (play) _ football when their mother (come) _back home.
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :
Example: She (be) has been here for several days
She has not been here for several days.
Has she been here for several days?
1 Tom (see) this film before.
2 I (finish) my exercise already.
3 They (live) here since 1990.
4 My father (just wash) his car.
5 The students (discuss) the question recently.
6 Mary (never, be) to Ha Noi.
7 We (know) each other for 5 years.
8 So far we (learn) five lessons.
9 We (be) pen pals for a long time.
10 They (stay) here since last week.
Exercise 2:
1 Bob (see) this movie before
2 Sandra (lend) her brother $ 200 so far
3 Rashid (just pass) his driving test
4 Karen (study) Italian for three years now and is still studying
5 The teacher (already, tell) to be quite
6 Tim (not, take) many photos yet
7 Jorge (read) the newspaper already
8 We (not begin) _ to study for the test yet
9 John and I (be) pen pals for nearly 3 years
10 He (wear) _ the same coat since he (move) _ here
11 I (not see) _ your brother recently
12 They (not contact) _ to each other for a long time
13 How long _you (study) English?
14 How many times _ you (see) _him since he went to Edinburgh?
15 Who is that woman? I (never/ see) _ her before
16 We (be) from French We (be) there for 20 years
17 I (see) that film several times because I like it
18 Mary (lose) _ her hat for 2 days
19 He (not finish) _ doing it yet
20 He (not see) him since Christmas
21 She (live) _in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975
22 He (just see) her
23 They (already show) _ the film
24 I’m sorry the car is not here I (just sell) it
25 The Bakers (be) in New York for 3 months
26 My brother (use) this computer for 2 years
27 They (live) in this street for a long time
28 Mr Green (teach) French since he left London in 1997
29 She (not speak) _ to me since last week
Trang 730 Up to now, Hoa (work) _ very hard.
1. Yesterday they (go) _ home after they (finish) their work
2. When we came to the stadium, the match (already start) _
3. Many people (move) _ to the new place before the storm occurred
4. I sat down ant rested after they (go) _
5. Before he died, he (be) _ ill for several days
6. Last night before he (watch) _ TV, he (do) _ the
exercise
7. She went to the department after her (clean) _ the floor
8. When I got to the party, they (go) _ home
9. By the time the police arrived, the house (be) _ burned down
10. By last year, twenty schools in this province (be) _ built
Exercise 1: Put the verb in the future simple tense.
1 You (take) _ at trip to London next week?
2 She (water) _ the flowers next month
3 They (build) a new bridge in this province next year
4 Tomorrow she (send) _ the letter to Ha Hoi
5 In 2010 she (move) _ to live in Ho Chi Minh City
6 I (meet) _ my parents in an hour
7 I think it (be) _ sunny tomorrow
8 I am sure he (pass) _ the exam
9 I (stay) _ at home if it rains
10 He (send) the letter when he goes to the post office
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense:
1 My father (have) coffee for breakfast every day
2 His sister (study) in a shoe store this summer
3 The students (look) _ up that new word now
4 Mary (go) to school every day
5 They (do) this exercise at the moment
6 Ms Eden (read) _ a newspaper now
7 It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now
8 Bad students never (study) hard
9 He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish
10 We seldom (eat) before 6.30
11 She sometimes (buy) _vegetables at his market
12 We always (do) _ our exercises carefully
13 Look! A man (run) after the train He (want) _ to catch it
14 It (be) very cold now
15 John (travel) to England tomorrow
16 I (need) some money for my textbooks
17 Tom (like) to go to the museums
18 Mary (love) ice-cream
19 My mother (cook) some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) inthe mornings
20 I often (leave) the city at weekends
21 The guests (watch) the TV programes now
22 The sun (set) in the west
23 My friend (study) English for an hour every night
24 Listen! I (hear) _ someone knocking at the front door
Trang 825 I (do) an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) that I (know) _how
to use it now
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.
1 We (never watch) that TV programme
2 We (watch) a good programme on TV last night
3 He (read) that novel many times before
4 He (read) that novel again last vacation
5 I (have) a little trouble with my car last week
6 However, I (have) no trouble with my car since then
7 I (not see) John for a long time I (see) him 3 weeks ago
8 He is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning
9 They (study) at this school for 7 years now
10 They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago
11 How long ago he (start) to learn French?
12 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning
13 His dog (just run) out of the garden
14 Mr Brown (travel) by air several times in the past
15 He (travel) _ to Mexico by air last summer
Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.
1 He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him
2 When I (go) out, the sun (shine)
3 The light (go) out while I (have) tea
4 While he (learn) to drive, he (have) an accident
5 We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain
6 He (have) a bad fall when he (repair) his roof
7 It (start) to rain when we (play) football in the schoolyard yesterday
8 He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him
9 The servant (drop) _ two cups while she (wash up) last night
10 While he (write) a letter, the telephone (ring)
11 Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail)
12 When I (stand) at the bus stop, I (see) an accident
13 Yesterday I (walk) to school when I (find) a wallet on the street
14 When I (have) dinner yesterday, Peter (come) to our house
15 The thief (steal) the bike when Mai (look) for some books in the shop
Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense.
1 They (go) home after they (finish) their study
2 Yesterday when I (arrive) to the party, the (already go) home
3 After the guests (leave) , she (go) back into the living-room and (switch) off the light
4 On arrival at home I (find) that she (just leave) just a few minutes before
5 Before he (go) to bad, he (do) his homework
6 When they (get) to the place, the man (die)
7 He (do) _ nothing before he (see) _ me
8 He (thank) me for what I (do) for him
9 I (be) sorry that I (hurt) him
10 After they (go) , I (sit) down and (rest)
11 When I (arrive) _, the dinner (already, begin)
12 My friend (not see) _ me for many years when I (meet) _ last week
13 He (learn) English before he (leave) for England
14 In England, he soon (remember) all he (learn) before
Trang 915 They (tell) him they (not meet) him before.
16 He (ask) why we (come) so early
17 She (say) that she (already, see) _ Dr Rice
18 By the time Bill (get) there, the meeting (start)
19 When we (arrive) at our place, we (find) that a burglar (break) in
20 Almost everybody (leave) _ for home by the time we (arrive) _
Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present or the simple future tense.
1 We (go) out when the rain (stop)
2 I (stay) _ here until he (answer) me
3 Wait until I (catch) you
4 I (be) _ ready before you (count) _ ten
5 John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out
6 Miss Helen (help) you as soon as she (finish) that letter
7 He (tell) _ you when you (get) there
8 She (not come) until you (be) _ ready
9 He (tell) you when you (ask) him
10 I (come) _ and (see) you before I (leave) _ for England
Exercise 1: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense.
1 We seldom (eat) before 7 am
2 I (not see) him since I (meet) him 2 months ago
3 Listen! I (think) _ someone (knock) _ the door
4 I (get) _ up early the day before yesterday
5 The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days
6 you (watch) _ TV last night?
7 The workers (work) _ in the firm at the moment
8 How many times _ you (see) him since he went to Edinburgh?
9 Rivers usually (flow) to the sea
10 Look! The boy (cry) _
11 Do you know that man, who (smoke) _ there
12 Mrs Green always (go) _to work by bus
13 We (be) from French We (be) there for 20 years
14 I (move) to another town next week
15 I (see) that film several times because I like it
16 She always (go) _ go to bed before her mother does
17 Mary (lose) _ her hat for 2 days
18 You (take) _ a trip to London next week?
19 She rarely (take) a bath before dinner
20 He (not finish) _ doing it yet
21 He (not see) him since Christmas
22 In what year _ World War II (break) out?
23 The sun (set) in the West
24 They (live) _ in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975
25 He (come) _ here once 2 years ago
26 We will go out when it (stop) _raining
27 She (read) all the books written by Dickens How many books _ you (read) _?
28 Alice and Mary (put) _ the dishes away right now
29 What you (do) _ at 10 am yesterday?
30 She (finish) her homework recently
31 He (just see) her
32 They (already show) _ the film
33 I’m sorry the car is not here I (just sell) it
Trang 1034 When _you (buy) your bicycle?
35 I (know) _Jack since we (be) _ students but I (not meet) _ him since we (leave) _ school in 1998
36 The Bakers (be) in New York for 3 months
37 you (spend) _ your holiday in Da lat last summer?
38 We (visit) _ that city last year
39 The farmer (work) _ in the field now
40 John (see) that film sometimes
41 My brother (use) this computer for 2 years
42 Mr Green (buy) a new tractor last month
43 They (live) in this street for a long time
44 My brother (play) _ football at the moment
45 Mr Green (teach) French since he left London in 1997
46 She often (go) _ to school by bicycle but yesterday she (go) by bus
47 Look! It (snow) _
48 She (not speak) _ to me since last week
49 Up to now, Hoa (work) _ very hard
50 HCM city (be) the largest city in Vietnam
51 They (hold) the meeting recently
52 Phong (sleep) _ right now
53 He (live) in Hanoi since 2002
54 Long ago, my young brother often (cry) _ at night
55 you (see) _ him recently?
56 He (finish) his work since yesterday
57 Peter and Daisy (be) born in 1978
58 Please be quite! You (make) so much noise so I can’t concentrate
59 Look A man (run) after the train He (want) _ to catch it
60 It (be) very cold now
61 We (go) _ to the theatre last night
62 He usually (write) in green ink
63 She (play) _ the piano when our guests (arrive) _ last night
64 We (do) English exercise at the moment
65 She (just come) in and (see) you in 5 minutes
66 I (come) _ as soon as my study is finished (You be) ready?
67 Where (you go) for your holiday last year?
68 I (not leave) Paris since we (go) _ to Dieppe three years ago
69 My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend
70 We (meet) only yesterday and (already decide) to get married
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.
1 Water at 100 degree Centigrade
2 George to the movies very often
3 How many languages ?
A do you speak B are you speak C are you speaking D will you speak
4 The swimming pool at 9.00 am and at 6.30 pm
A open/ close B opens / closes C opens/ close D open / closes
5 Excuse me! I for a phone book Is there one here?
6 Would you like a cigarette? No, thanks, I
7 Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They
Trang 118 Why your coat today? It’s very warm today.
A are you wear B do you wear C you are wearing D are you wearing
9 Where is Peter? He a bath
10 I your telephone number
11 Bad students never hard
12 The farmers in the field now
13 Do you know the man who there?
14 Those children for 2 hours every afternoon
15 Light faster than sound
16 At present, that author a historical novel
17 Look! The policeman after a pick pocket
18 He usually his work before 5 o’clock
19 They to Ha Long for their last summer vacation
20 She to brush her teeth yesterday
21 Ba his room yesterday afternoon
A clean and tidy B cleaned and tidied C cleaned and tidy
22 What yesterday at 10.20 pm?
A are you doing B was you doing C were you doing D did you do
23 You looked very busy when I (see) you last night What you (do) _?
A see/ did you do B saw/ are you doing C saw/ were you doing
24 He us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind
A not allow/ blow B didn’t allow/ was blowing C don’t allow/ were blowing
25 The boys broke a window when they football
26 Mr John to Los Angeles in 1992
27 Why you come yesterday?
28 While I was going to school yesterday, I him
29 I about him when suddenly he came in
30 It began to rain when they basket ball at 4.00
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN:
* Thành phần mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện:
1 Mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện: là mệnh đề phụ và thường được gọi là mệnh đề có IF, (IF CLAUSE)
2 Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả: là mệnh đè chính (Main clause)
* CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN:
1 Câu điều kiện loại I: ĐK có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If + S + AM/IS/ARE+ O, S + CAN/ MAY/ MUST/ WILL / SHALL + V0
Trang 12IF + S + V0/VS,ES + O,
Ex: If it rains, I shall not come
If I have free time, I will come to see you
2 Câu điều kiện loại II: ĐK không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Câu điều kiện loại này dùng để diễn tả một sự kiện khó có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai (Dù động từ mang hình thức quá khứ; nhưng diễn tả điều kiện trái ngược với thực tế trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If + S + VED/ V2 + O
Ex: If I were you, I wouldn’t go to his party If it rained, we should not come
3 Câu điều kiện loại III: ĐK không có thật ở quá khứ
Loại câu điều kiện này dùng để diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược với thực tế trong quá khứ
THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH , DẠNG HOÀN THÀNH CỦA MODAL
IF + S+ HAD + VED / V3 , S + WOULD HAVE + VED/V3 + O
SHOULD HAVE COULD HAVE MIGHT HAVE
Ex: If the World War II hadn’t broken out, millions of people wouldn’t have been died
I Conditional sentence type 1
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If it (rain) rains , we (not go) _will not go _to the cinema.
1. If the weather (be) _nice tomorrow, we (drive) to our farm
2. If we (send) this message now, they (receive) it in time
3. He (be) angry if you (come) late again
4. If I (have) enough time, I (do) this homework
5. I (take) a photo of this beach if I (have) a camera
6. You (be) punished if you (fail) the exam
7. If it (rain) this weekend, we (stay) at home
8. She (do) it if she (promise) you
9. What you (do) if you (not have) money?
10 The kitchen (look) better if we (have) red curtains.
II Conditional sentence type 2
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If he (know) _knew _ the truth, he (not behave) would not behave like that.
1. If today (be) Sunday, I (not have) to go to school
2. I (be) able to watch the football match if I (have) a TV
3. If they (be) rich, they (help) poor people
4. What _you (do) if you (be) him?
5. If we (not lend) him some money, he (die) early
6. He (not understand) the question if he (not ask) the teacher
7. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I (give) up my job
8. If I (be) you, I (tell) the truth
9. If I (have) enough time now, I (write) to my parents
10 If I (know) his address, I (go) round and see him.
III.Conditional sentence type 3
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If you (not be) _had not been so busy, I (show) would have shown you how to
play.
more slowly
Trang 132 T (be) glad if he (visit) me
in hospital
got one more mark
a new car
a ticket
IV Mixed types
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If I (have) have time, I will write to him.
have visited you
work tomorrow
very tired
you had known the reason
(feel) worse
(go) somewhere else
Trang 1418 Unless it (be) a nice day,
we won’t go out
(take care) of it
(get in)
(not let) you go
(catch) the train
phone him
like fish, I wouldn’t have bought it
_better, I (come) _to class yesterday
_it was your birthday yesterday
tomorrow, I (go) for a walk
enough time, I (go) to the park
_that sentence, I (explain) it to you
night, I (go) to see you
situation?
less mean, she (not leave) _him
we (miss) the rush hour traffic
much money But I don’t think you ever will
window, we (not give) them the opportunity to break in
to his proposal
(come) to help you
back the capital punishment
one, I (grow) a lot of flowers
late for the train
Exercise 2:
Example: If I were you, I that job.
a would apply for b will ask for c will have changed d can take
1 If I _ a wish, I’d wish for happiness for my family
2 If I an astronaut traveling in a cabin, I’d not be annoyed by the weightlessness
Trang 15a am b be c will be d were
3 What happen if you come late for the meeting tomorrow?
4 If there were no gravity, water never run downhill
5 If you _ Henry, ask him to come and see me
6 Unless you _ quiet, I’ll scream
7 I’ll be able to speak English well if I _ hard
8 If I could speak Spanish, I _ next year studying in Mexico
a would spend b had spent c would have spent d will spend
9 If I you, I _ his invitation
a am/ will refuse b were/ would refuse c was/ will refuse d had been/ would have refused
10 If my father here now, he would help me
11 She can’t get home _ she has no money
12 If he _ yesterday, he would be here with us tomorrow night
13 If an object is let off in the cabin of a spaceship, it
14 _we find new sources, we will soon run out of energy
15 Unless we throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted
16 If the questions not too difficult, we them
a were/ could answer b are/ could answer c were/ can answer d are/ can answer
17 If you were not sick, with us?
a will you come b would you come c do you come d are you coming
18 If they didn’t live so far away, I _ them every week
19 If you us about the bad service, we’d have eaten there
a didn’t tell b wouldn’t have told c hadn’t told d had told
20 If Allie had come sooner, he dinner with us
a could have eaten b would being eaten c was eating d could eat
21 If it _ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight
22 If you time, please write to me
23 I shouldn’t go there at night if I you
24 If I a pole, I’ll go fishing
25 If they had enough time, they head south
26 If you had the chance, you go fishing?
27 if you had a choice, which country would you visit?
28 If I found a wallet in the street, I take it to police
Trang 1629 I don’t really want to go to their party, but I probably will go They would be offended if _go.
30 What would you do if you a million pounds
31 I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet I wouldn’t sleep if I to bed now
32 I that coat if I were you
33 If you here yesterday, you me
a were/would meet b had been/would meet c were/would have met d had been/would have met
34 If I was offered the job, I think I it
35 I would be very surprised if he
36 Many people would be out of work if that factory down
37 If she sold her car, she much money
38 They would be disappointed if we
a hadn’t come b wouldn’t come c don’t come d didn’t come
39 Would George be angry if I his bicycle without asking?
40 She terribly upset if I lost this ring
PASSIVE VOICE
* Quy tắc chung:
A: S + V + O
P: S + BE + VED/ V3 + BY + O
* Câu bị động với các thì trong Tiếng Anh:
1 Thì hiện tại đơn:
S + am/ is / are + Ved/ V3 + by + O
2 Thì quá khứ đơn:
S + was/ were + Ved/ V3 + by + O
3 Thì tương lai đơn:
S + will/ shall + be + Ved / V3 + by + O
4 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
S + has / have + been + Ved / V3 + by +O
5 Thì tương lai gần:
S + am going to be + ved / V3 + by + O
6 Thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
S + had + been + Ved / V3 + by + O
7 Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
S + am/is/ are + being + Ved / V3 + by + O
8 Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
S + was / were + being + Ved/ V3 + by + O
I Passive voice: The simple present tense
Example: The secretary opens the mail every morning. The mail is opened every morning by the secretary.
1 People don’t use this road very often This road
2 I wash the dishes in the evening The dishes
Trang 173 He often does exercises every night Exercises
4 She usually decorates the room at weekends The room
5 Daisy always sings country songs Country songs
6 She often give her sister sweets Her sister
7 Nam and Peter often water these trees.These trees
8 They produce cars in this country Cars
9 We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant Smoking
10 Do pupils clean the room every day? Is
II Passive voice: The Past simple tense Example: To Hoai wrote the story The story was written by To Hoai 1 The waiters cleaned the rooms last night The rooms
2 They caught the elephant again The elephant
3 She bought the watch at the shop The watch
4 They built the house in 1950 The house
5 We did the exercises last week Exercises
6 The pupils sent the letters the day before yesterday The letters
7 He learned the lesson two week ago The lesson
8 Nguyen Du wrote Kieu story Kieu story
9 She made the cake last night The cake
10 Daisy washed the dishes last night The dishes
III Passive voice: The future simple tense Example: The army will complete that project next year That project will be completed by the army next year. 1 They won’t punish him He
2 They will ask you a lot of question at the interview You
3 They will give her a new one She
4 Tom will visit his parents next month His parents
5 Some people will interview the new president on TV The new presidents
6 They will finish the work next week The work
7 Somebody will call Mr David tonight Mr David
8 The State will assign our students to different jobs Our students
9 When will you do the work? When
10 He won’t tell me the truth about the situation The truth about the situation
IV Passive voice: The present continuous tense Example: She is cleaning the house The house is being cleaned by her. 1 My friends are eating an orange An orange
2 They are watching the film The film
3 We are doing the exercises The exercise
4 She is cutting the paper right now The paper
5 They are singing the songs in the room The songs
6 We are reading the book now The book
7 The students are discussing the questions The questions
8 My father is repairing my bike My bike
Trang 189 She is cooking the meal in the kitchen now The meal
10 About thirty thousand people are watching this program This program
V Passive voice: The past continuous tense Example: She was picking the flowers at 3:00 pm yesterday The flowers were being picked by her at 3:00.pm yesterday 1 He was painting the house when I came The house
2 The teacher was reading the book when we came The book
3 Mary’s mother was washing the clothes The clothes
4 Her friends were drinking coffee at the cafe Coffee
5 He was boiling the eggs when I saw him The eggs
6 His brother was painting the door The door
7 Thu was waiting for him at the school He
8 We were doing the exercises The exercises
9 They were painting the gate of the school The gate of the school
10 They were doing the bedroom on Friday The bedroom
VI Passive voice: The present perfect tense Example: His boss has transferred him to another department He has been transferred to another department by his boss. 1 They have taken her to the hospital She
2 They have cancelled the meeting The meeting
3 Someone has moved my chair My chair
4 Someone has given him a lot of money He
5 We have invited all the students in the school All the students
6 We have told him not to be late again He
7 Our teachers have explained the English grammar The English grammar
8 Have you finished the above sentences? Have above sentences
9 The police have arrested the mugger The mugger
10 The police have arrested five suspects Five suspects
VII Passive voice: The past perfect tense Example: They had printed the book before 1950 The book had been printed by them before 1950
1 She had mended the bicycle The bicycle
2 They had exported the rice before May The rice
3 I had waited her before I came here She
4 No one had met me before I left I
5 He hadn’t eaten the cakes The cakes
6 They had cleaned the car by 3 p.m The car
7 My friend had bought the house before 1990 The house
8 Had he asked some questions? Had some question
9 I had studied the tenses before May The tenses
10 The school boys had wasted a lot of time A lot of time
VIII Passive voice: Modal verb Example: You should brush our teeth twice a day Our teeth should be brushed twice a day
1 He might have caught the fish The fish
Trang 192 She could have washed the dress The dress
3 She is not going to pick many flowers Many flowers
4 Parents should give children a lot of love children
5 You must wash your hands Your hands
6 He can speak four languages Four languages
7 You must keep dogs outside shops Dogs
8 Children should treat old men with respect Old men
9 My classmates used to call me John I
10 He can’t repair my bike My bike
IX Passive voice: Mixed types Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentence using passive voice. 1 My father waters this flower every morning
2 A stone broke the window
3 The servants didn’t do the work
4 She often takes her dog for a walk
5 The army will complete that project next year
6 They won’t punish him
7 People don’t use this road very often
8 The manager always welcomes new employees
9 We are following them
10 The airplanes are dropping booms
11 The keepers were feeding the lions
12 They have taken her to the hospital
13 They had fastened his whole body to the ground
14 The school boys had wasted a lot of time
15 We write letter to our friend once a week
16 We clean the garages everyday
17 Someone has given him a lot of money
18 The police arrested two hundred people
19 We export this computer to seventy different countries
20 They have cancelled the meeting
21 We have invited all the students in the school
22 They posted all the letters yesterday
23 The police found two children in the forest
24 They will hold a meeting before May Day
25 Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife
26 The teacher is going to tell a story
27 An earthquake destroyed the town
28 He didn’t type the letter last night
29 They will pick me up at my house
30 When did you see him in that bank?
31 My father will take me to Ho Chi Minh City next week
32 A man returned the keys to me
33 Mary will see her friends off at the station
34 Workers were digging a large hole in the ground
35 Countries are finding a way to solve the problem
Trang 2036 They can't make tea with cold water
37 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant
38 Somebody has taken away some of my books
39 They will hold the meeting before May Day
40 They have to repair the engineer of the car
41 The boy broke the window and took away some pictures
42 A man I know told me about it
43 No one believes his story
44 Do they teach English here?
45 Will you invite her to your wedding party?
46 Did the teacher give some exercises?
47 Have they changed the window of the laboratory?
48 Is she making big cakes for the party?
49 Why didn't they help him?
50 You mustn’t use this machine after 5.30 pm
51 You must clean this machine very time you use it
52 Someone will drive your car to London on Tuesday
53 They will send you your examination results when they are ready
54 In this August, They will build a new house
55 The teacher can give him good marks because he is an excellent
56 Someone will serve soft drinks
57 Tolstoy wrote “War and Peace”
58 Shakespeare wrote “Hamlet”
59 Hemingway didn’t write “Hamlet”
60 Someone built that house in 1930
61 They opened the factory at 9 o’clock
62 They posted all letter yesterday
63 We invited fifty people to the party
64 Last night someone broke into our house
65 Ba invited Liz to the rice-cooking festival
66 They held the festival in the communal house yard
67 The council leader awarded the first prize to Mekong team
68 Someone will translate this letter into Vietnamese
69 Alexander Bain invented the facsimile in 1843
70 They dry the beans in the sun
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer:
1 “I heard you decided to take up tennis.” – “Yes I have _since last week
2 “Are we about to have dinner?”- “Yes it in the dinning room.”
3 “We are still looking for Thomas.” “Hasn’t he yet?
4 You _by my secretary next week
notified
5 The wheel thousands of years ago
6 I still can’t believe it My bike _last night
Trang 21a was stolen b was stealing c stolen d stole
7 Today, many serious childhood diseases _by early immunization
a are preventing b can prevent c prevent d can be prevented
8 Kieu story by Nguyen Du hundreds years ago
9 The questions by the students at the moment
a are discussed b will be discussed c have been discussed d are being discussed
10 Many people _killed in the accident last night
RELATIVE CLAUSE
1 Non – Defining: mệnh đề hạn định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của cả câu, bỏ nó đi mệnh đề chính sẽ không đủ nghĩa.Giửa hai mệnh đề không có dấu phẫy ngăn cách.
2 Non-defining Relative Clauses: mệnh đề không hạn định:Là mệnh đề không cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của cả câu, nó chỉ thêm một vài thông tin gì đó cho mệnh đề chính mà thôi, bỏ nó đi mệnh đề chính sẽ không đầy đủ nghĩa
3 Cách dùng của các đại từ liên hệ Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, where, when, that, of which:
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ nơi
chốn
WHERE Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ thời
gian
WHEN Dùng trong thể nhấn mạnh và
thay thế cho WHO, WHICH
trong mệnh đề không có dấu
phẩy
THAT EX: It is the English that causes me a lot of difficulties
It is your father that helped me yesterday
Exercise 1: Use who, whom or which to combine the two sentences
1 The girl is hospital now She was injured in the accident
2 I know a shop It sells really good meat
3 The boy is very nice I know him from school
4 The shoes are too big My mother bought them for me
5 I still have the book You gave me that book
6 A river is not safe for swimming It is polluted
7 The doctor was very gentle He examined the sick child
8 The man standing over there I was telling you about him
9 The meeting was interesting I went to it
10 I like the dress She was wearing it
11 We don’t like the stories They don’t have happy endings
12 The milk was very good We had it this morning
13 Thank you very much for the gift You gave it to me last time
14 The book was too expensive I wanted to buy it
15 The girl is really intelligent We admire her
Trang 22Exercise 2: Use whose, where, when to combine the two sentences:
1 The city was famous for its food We spent our vacation in that city
2 This is the story of a man His wife suddenly loses her memory
3 They have just rebuilt the building I work in that building
4 The building is very modern She lives in that building
5 Yesterday I met a woman Her son is a doctor
6 The woman is a teacher Her daughter is my classmate
7 1983 is the year She was born in that year
8 I feel sorry for the boy His parents were dead
9 The man is very friendly His wife is very beautiful
10 I will show you the second-hand bookshop You can find valuable books in this shop
II Non-defining relative clause: ( Mệnh đề hạn định)
Combine the two sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs:
1 Ba likes playing the guitar He lives on Trang Tien Street
2 Neil Armstrong lived in USA He first walked on the moon
3 Miss Lien is my English teacher She sings very well
4 The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish The Nile is in Egypt
5 The movie Harry Potter is coming soon I’m longing to see it
6 Peter is studying French and German He has been abroad
7 We are moving to Manchester Manchester is the North West
8 I’ll stay with Adrian His brother is one of my closet friends
9 Cuc phuong is a famous nation park I came there along time ago
10 Thu wants to drink some medicine She had a headache
Exercise 1: Combine the two sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs
1 The building seems new now It was very old
2 I went to see a doctor He told me to rest for a few days
3 A friend helped me to get a job His father is the manager of the company
4 He protested to a woman Her dog bit him
5 I was waiting in a chair It suddenly collapsed
6 Please post the letters I wrote them this morning
7 I will introduce you to a man His support is necessary for your project
8 A man brought in a small girl Her hand had been cut
9 A man said Tom was out He answered the phone
10 The problem has been discussed in class We are very interested in it
11 A lot of fish died everyday They live in the polluted sea
12 We have a new teacher I really like her
13 She‘ll tell you the story That story will surprise you
14 The girl is now in hospital She was injured in the accident
15 A waitress served us She was very impolite and impatient
16 A building has now been rebuilt It was destroyed in the fire
17 A bus goes to the airport It runs every half an hour
18 The book is about the girl She runs away from home
19 The man was very kind I talk to him yesterday
20 She is the woman I told you about her
21 The man works in the hospital I told you about him
22 The picture was very beautiful She was looking at it
Trang 2323 I’ll give you the address You should write to it
24 The movie is very fantastic They are talking about it
25 The woman teaches me English You are listening to her
26 The people are getting wet They are waiting for the bus in the rain
27 The fence is made from wood It surrounds our house
28 Her book is widely read It is well- written
29 Alice is my friends Alice’s mother died in an accident last year
30 The secretary gives you information She sits at the first desk on the right
31 The young man is talking to our teacher He is Ba’s brother
32 We visited the monument The famous engineer built it more than 50 years ago
33 Mr Phong is our geography teacher He has been teaching in our school for ten years
34 Lan took some change She wanted to buy some drink
35 The doctor has moved to a new house He looked after my family
36 The man is my English teacher You spoke to him in the street last night
37 The books are for reference They are on the stacks near the librarian
38 Is that the car? You want to buy it
39 Students will be punished Their homework is late
40 Henry was in a very bad mood His car had been broken down
41 Teacher’s Day is the day Pupils show their gratitude to their teacher on that day
42 The last summer holidays were the time We had a lot of fun at that time
43 New Year’s Day is the day All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner on that day
44 One day last week I visited that village The people there grew many beautiful flowers
45 We visited the monument The famous engineer built it more than 50 years ago
46 Mr Phong is our geography teacher He has been teaching in our school for ten years
47 The boys are very interesting in football It is a popular game all over the world
48 Quynh Dao is a famous writer Quynh Dao’s works are widely read all over the world
49 Mona was painted by Leonardo De Vinci It has been popular for long
50 The professor is excellent I am taking his course
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer:
1 The paintings _are marked with small red dot have already been sold
2 The secretary _is sitting at the first desk on the right can give you the information
3 The shoes _I bought were made in Italy
4 I wrote to the girl _I met at the meeting
5 The speech _we listened last night was informative
6 Dr Jones is the professor _ I told you
7 The student _parents you just met is one of my classmates
8 The pianist _played at the corner last night is internationally famous
Trang 24a whose b he c whom d who
9 The woman _lives next door to us is a doctor
10 Mr Green is the man _ I was talking about
11 That is the place _the accident occurred
12 The restaurant _Bob recommended was too expensive
13 There was time movies cost a dime
14 Paul O’Grady, died a few years ago, was a kind and loving man
15 Bogota, is the capital city of Columbia, is a cosmopolitan city
16 I enjoy talking to the people I had dinner with last night
17 Sally lost her job, wasn’t surprise
18 I have three brothers, are professional athletes
19 The boy to I lend my money is poor
20 The land and the people I have met are nice
EX: He asked, “ Where do you come from? ”
She cried: “ What an accident! ”
“ My cousin is a famous doctor”, he said
2 Lời nói gián tiếp: Thay vì lặp lại chính xác lời nói, chúng ta có thể diễn tả lời hoặc ý nghĩ của người nói bằng lời lẽ riêng củachúng ta bằng cách sử dụng liên từ, thay đổi từ hoặc thì của động từ Loại cấu trúc này được gọi là lời nói gián tiếp
Eg: Fiona said, “ It’s getting late.” → Fiona said(that) it was getting late
B CÁC NGUYÊN TẮC CHUNG
1 Thay đổi động từ trong câu tường thuật
Động từ tường thuật là động từ giới thiệu câu nĩi trực tiếp hay câu nĩi gián tiếp Khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, động từ tường thuật được thay đổi tùy theo trường hợp cụ thể Dưới đây là các động tường thuật dùng trong câu:
Said → said that, said to
Ex: He said, “I am twenty years old.”
He said that he was twenty years old.
He said to me, “I work in a factory.”
He told me that he worked in a factory.
2 Thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật
Trang 25Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì quá khứ, chúng ta đổi thì trong câu gián tiếp như sau:
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Ex: He said, “I am a taxi driver.”
He said that he was a taxi driver.
He said, “I am living in London.”
He said that he was living in London.
He said, “I have visited many famous places.”
He said that he had visited many famous places.
He said, “I visited The Great Wall in China.”
He said that he had visited The Great Wall in China.
He said, “I will look for a better job.”
He said he would look for a better job.
3.Thay đổi về động từ hình thái trong câu tường thuật
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Must Must (khi diễn tả sự chắc chắn) /
had to (khi biểu thị sự cần thiết ) would have to (khi đề cập đến tương lai)
Eg: “ I must go now,” Alice said → Alice said that he must / had to go at that time
He said, “ I must finish it next week.”
He said that he would have to finish it thefollowing week.
She said, “ I can swim.”
She said she could swim.
4.Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Ngơi thứ nhất Đơỉ thành ngơi của người nĩi (cùng ngơi với chủ từ
trong mệnh đề chínhNgơi thứ hai Đổi thành ngơi của người nghe (cùng ngơi với tân
ngữ trong mệnh đề chính)
Ex: He said, “ I like my job.”
He said that he like his job.
He said to me, “ You look like my sister.”
He told me that I looked like his siter.
5.Thay đổi về các trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
Trang 26DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Yesterday the day before, the previous day Tomorrow the next day, the following day this year / month / week that year / month / week last year / month / week the year / month / week before;
the previous year / month / week
next year / month / week the year / month / week after;
the following year / month / week.
a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before;
a year / month / week earlier
Ex: He said, “ I am working hard today.”
He said that he was working hard that day.
They said, “We went to work late yesterday.”
They said that they had gone to work late the day before.
6 Trường hợp khơng thay đổi thì
a Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3
Nếu câu nĩi trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3, ta chỉ thay đổi các đại từ, tình từ…mà khơng đổi thì trong câu
Ex: “If I were older, I would retire.”, he said
He said if he were older, he would retire.
“If I had heard the whole story, I would have acted differently.” ,he said
He said that if he had heard the whole story, he would have acted differently.
a Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lí, hay một thĩi quen ở hiện tại
Nếu câu nĩi trực tiếp nĩi về một sự thật, một chân lí hay một thĩi quen thường xuyên lặp đi, lập lại ở hiện tại, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta phải giữ nguyên thì của câu trực tiếp
Ex: Trực tiếp: I get up at seven o’clock every morning.
Gián tiếp: He said that he gets up at seven o’clock every morning.
Trực tiếp: My wife always drinks coffee for breakfast
Gián tiếp: He said that his wife always drinks coffee for breakfast
c Động từ tường thuật
nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hồn thành, tương lai, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, ta khơng thay đổi thì và các cum trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, mà chỉ thay đổi các đại từ hay tính từ…
Eg: He says/ He is saying/ He has said/ He will say, “ The bus is coming.” → He says the bus is coming.
C CÁCH ĐỔI CÁC LOẠI CÂU GIÁN TIẾP:
I REPORTED SPEECH : STATEMENTS (Câu trần thuật)
Nếu câu nĩi trực tiếp là một câu bình thuêịng hay một lời phát biểu, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, ngồi các nguyên tắc chung, ta cần thực hiện các bước sau:
- Bỏ dấu hai chấm, dấu phẩy và dấu ngoặc kép
- Tìm tân ngữ (nếu cĩ) đặt sau động từ tường thuật
- Dùng liên từ that sau động từ tường thuật để giới thiếu câu nĩi (cĩ thể bỏ that đi)
- Thay đổi thì trong câu nĩi
- Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu
- Thay đổi các nhĩm từ thời gian nơi chốn
Trang 27- Cơng thức chung:
* S + said + (that) + S V
* S + told + O + (that) + S V
Ex: He said, “I have just bought a computer today.”
He said that he had just bought a computer that day.
Linda said, “There is someone at the door, Bill.”
Linda told Bill that there was someone at the door.
II REPORTED SPEECH : QUESTIONS ( Câu hỏi)
a Yes-no question
Nếu câu nĩi trực tiếp là câu hỏi dạng Yes-No, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, ngồi các nguyên tắc chung, ta cần
lưu ý thêm một số điều sau đây:
Ex: He
from Canada?”
He asked me if/whether I was from Canada.
The man said to her, “Did Bill tell you my address?”
The man asked her if/whether Bill had told her his address.
The girl said, “Do you live near here, David?”
She asked David if/whether he lived near there.
b Wh- Question
Nếu câu nĩi trực tiếp là câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng một từ để hỏi như who, when, where, when, why, how…, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, ngồi các nguyên tắc chung, ta cần lưu ý thêm một số điều sau đây:
Ex: He said to them, “ Where are you going?”
He asked them where they were going.
The teacher said, “When do you do your homework, Tom?”
- Đổi động từ tường thuật said, said to thành asked/wanted to know
- Thay dấu chấm hỏi thành dấu chấm hết câu
- Tìm tân ngữ (nếu có) và đặt sau động từ tường thuật
- Dùng liên từ if hoặc whether để giới thiệu nội dung hỏi
- Đưa câu hỏi trực tiếp về dạng câu khẳng định (nghĩa là không còn dạng đảo ngữ chủ từ và trợ động từ Dạng S + V
- Cơng thức chung:
* S + asked + (O) + if / whether + S V
* S + wondered + if /whether + S V
* S + wanted to know + if / whether + S V
- Đổi động từ tường thuật said, said to thành asked/wanted to know
- Thay dấu chấm hỏi thành dấu chấm hết câu
- Tìm tân ngữ (nếu có) và đặt sau động từ tường thuật
- Giữ nguyên từ để hỏi (Wh- word)
- Đưa câu hỏi trực tiếp về dạng câu khẳng định (nghĩa là không còn dạng đảo ngữ chủ từ và trợ động từ Dạng S + V
- Cơng thức chung:
* S + asked + (O) + wh-… + S V
* S + wondered + wh-… + S V
* S + wanted to know + wh-… + S V
Trang 28The teacher asked Tom when he did his homework.
The tourist said to me, “How often does the train get in?”
The tourist asked me how often the train got in.
II PHẦN THỰC HÀNH
Reported Statements
Change this direct speech into reported speech:
1 “He works in a bank”
Trang 29Write the following sentences into indirect speech (Viết các câu sau sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp)
Example: “My name is Lan”, she said She said that her name was Lan
“I am writing a letter”, He told me He told me that he was riting a letter
1 “I am waiting for John.” She said
2 “I don’t like the idea.”, he said
3 “The car isn’t at my house.”, she told me
4 “We have cleaned the room.”, they said
5 “We are worried about Peter.”, they told me
6 “I am going to the cinema.’, she said
7 “I saw her today”, he said
8 “I will see you tomorrow”, he told me
9 “They were here three months ago.” he said
10 “We visited her this morning.”, they said
11 “My parents are arriving tomorrow.” she said
12 “I don’t like this film.” She said
13 “Peter and Mary are getting married tomorrow.” she said
14 “Daisy is doing her homework.” Mai said
Trang 3015 “I met her three hours ago.” Tam told me
16 She said, “I can’t find my umbrella”
17 They said, “We are learning English now”
18 “My friend is coming next week”, Tom said.
19 “ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend” He said
20 “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said
21 “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said
22 “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor.
23 “ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students
24 “I came back here early yesterday,” she said.
25 “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said
26 “I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl.
27 He said to her, “You are my friend.”
28 Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
29 “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children.
30 Marry said, “My father died a year ago”.
31 John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”.
32 Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”.
33 “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend
34 She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.”
35 He said, “I have a toothache.”
36 She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.”
37 They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.”
38 He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.”
39 She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.”
40 He said, “I have received the envelope.”
41 “How old are you?” she asked me
42 “Is your school near here?” Mary asked me
43 “ Do you go to school by bicycle?” Tom asked me
44 “Why do you want this job?” He asked me
45 “Can you use a computer?” She asked him
Mixed Exercise: Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
2. “He works in a bank”, she said
3. “We went out last night”, she told me
4. “I’m coming!”, she said
5. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived”, she told me
6. “I’d never been there before”, she said
7. “I didn’t go to the party” she told me
8. “Lucy’ll come later”, she said
9. “He hasn’t eaten breakfast”, she told me
10. “I can help you tomorrow”, she said
11. “My name is Tom”, he said
12. “He works in a bank”, she said
13. “We went out last night”, she told me
14. “I’m coming!”, she said
15. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived”, she told me
16. “I’d never been there before”, she said
17. “I didn’t go to the party” she told me
18. “Lucy’ll come later”, she said
Trang 3119. “He hasn’t eaten breakfast”, she told me
20. “I can help you tomorrow”, she said
11 “Do you live in London?” she asked me.
12 “Did he arrive on time?” she asked me.
13 “Have you been to Paris?” she asked me.
14 “Can you help me?” she asked me.
15 “Are you working tonight?” she asked me.
16 “Will you come later?” she asked me.
17 “Do you like coffee?” she asked me.
18 “Is this the road to the station?” she asked me.
19 “Did you do your homework?” she asked me.
20 “Have you studied reported speech before?” she asked me.
21 “How old are you?” she said
22 “When does the train leave? Tom asked
23 “How are you?, she asked me
24 “Who did you see at the meeting?” my mother asked
25 “What are you reading?”, she asked
26 “Why didn’t you telephone?” my father asked me
27 “ Who do you want to talk to?” the boy asked Mary
28 “What time do you get up every morning?
29 “How do you get to school?” Tom ask me
30 “Where is your father?” my mother asked me
PHẦN TRẮC NGHIỆM
1 Tom said that he a good time.
2 I asked Martha to enter law school.
A are you planning B is she planning C whether was she planning D if she was planning
3 Nam wanted to know what time .
A does the movie begin B did the movie begin C the movie begins D the movie began
4 Julia said that she there at noon.
5 He told me him up at six o’clock.
6 I said to her that we were leaving _.
7 Thanh said that he _the problem.
8 They asked me when _.
A did I arrive B will I arrive C I had arrived D I can arrive
9 Thomas wanted to know how _us.
10 I wondered the right thing.
A whether I was doing B if I am doing C was I doing D am I doing
11 He that he was leaving way that afternoon.
12 Bill asked Tom _at London.
C whether the train arrives D if the train arrived